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Journal articles on the topic 'Peptide effects/adrenal cortex'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Hinson, JP, and S. Kapas. "Actions of vasoactive intestinal peptide on the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa." Journal of Endocrinology 161, no. 1 (1999): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1610051.

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Previous studies, by this group and others, have shown that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulates aldosterone secretion, and that the actions of VIP on aldosterone secretion by the rat adrenal cortex are blocked by beta adrenergic antagonists, suggesting that VIP may act by the local release of catecholamines. The present studies were designed to test this hypothesis further, by measuring catecholamine release by adrenal capsular tissue in response to VIP stimulation. Using intact capsular tissue it was found that VIP caused a dose-dependent increase in aldosterone secretion, with a c

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2

Thomson, LM, S. Kapas, M. Carroll, and JP Hinson. "Autocrine role of adrenomedullin in the human adrenal cortex." Journal of Endocrinology 170, no. 1 (2001): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1700259.

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Previous studies from our laboratory have reported that adrenomedullin is synthesised in rat zona glomerulosa cells. In the present studies, it was found that the human adrenocortical cell line H295R expresses the gene encoding adrenomedullin, and that immunoreactive adrenomedullin is released into the culture medium. Furthermore, it was found that secretion of adrenomedullin is regulated by angiotensin II and forskolin. Studies on the actions of adrenomedullin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) revealed a stimulatory effect of adrenomedullin, but not of CGRP, on aldosterone and cortis

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3

Hinson, J. P., L. A. Cameron, and S. Kapas. "Neuropeptide Y modulates the sensitivity of the rat adrenal cortex to stimulation by ACTH." Journal of Endocrinology 145, no. 2 (1995): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1450283.

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Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been identified in nerves supplying the adrenal cortex of several mammalian species, although its function in this tissue is unknown. The present studies, employing adrenocortical cells prepared by collagenase digestion, have shown that NPY, in the absence of other stimulants, has no effect on steroid secretion by the rat adrenal over a range of peptide concentrations (10−11 to 10 −6 mol/l). However, in the presence of physiological concentrations of ACTH, which are submaximal for the stimulation of aldosterone secretion, NPY (10−6 mol/l) significantly enhance

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4

Coll, Anthony P., Martin Fassnacht, Steffen Klammer, et al. "Peripheral administration of the N-terminal pro-opiomelanocortin fragment 1–28 to Pomc−/− mice reduces food intake and weight but does not affect adrenal growth or corticosterone production." Journal of Endocrinology 190, no. 2 (2006): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06749.

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Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a polypeptide precursor that undergoes extensive processing to yield a range of peptides with biologically diverse functions. POMC-derived ACTH is vital for normal adrenal function and the melanocortin α-MSH plays a key role in appetite control and energy homeostasis. However, the roles of peptide fragments derived from the highly conserved N-terminal region of POMC are less well characterized. We have used mice with a null mutation in the Pomc gene (Pomc−/−) to determine the in vivo effects of synthetic N-terminal 1–28 POMC, which has been shown previously to po

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5

Andreis, P. G., G. Neri, T. Prayer-Galetti, et al. "Effects of Adrenomedullin on the Human Adrenal Glands: An in Vitro Study." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 82, no. 4 (1997): 1167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.82.4.3854.

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Abstract Numerous lines of evidence indicate that adrenal medulla exerts a paracrine control on the secretory activity of the cortex by releasing catecholamines and several regulatory peptides. Adrenomedullin (ADM) is contained in adrenal medulla of several mammalian species, including humans. Thus, we investigated whether human ADM1–52 exerts a modulatory action on steroid secretion of human adrenal cortex in vitro. Dispersed adrenocortical cells (obtained from the gland tail deprived of chromaffin cells) and adrenal slices (including both capsule and medulla) were employed. ADM specifically

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6

Kapas, S., A. Martinez, F. Cuttitta, and JP Hinson. "Local production and action of adrenomedullin in the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa." Journal of Endocrinology 156, no. 3 (1998): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1560477.

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This study was designed to investigate the synthesis and action of adrenomedullin in the rat adrenal gland. The results obtained from in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical studies suggest that adrenomedullin is synthesized not only in the medulla, but also within the zona glomerulosa of the rat adrenal cortex. Findings from in situ hybridization and binding studies also suggested that specific adrenomedullin receptors are expressed in the zona glomerulosa, and that low levels are present in the inner zones of the cortex. The Kd of the zona glomerulosa adrenomedullin receptor (5.5 nmol/l

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7

Hinson, J. P., S. Kapas, C. D. Orford, and G. P. Vinson. "Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulation of aldosterone secretion by the rat adrenal cortex may be mediated by the local release of catecholamines." Journal of Endocrinology 133, no. 2 (1992): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1330253.

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ABSTRACT The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on adrenocortical function were investigated using several different preparations of adrenocortical tissue. VIP caused a significant increase in perfusion medium flow rate and in aldosterone and corticosterone secretion by the isolated perfused rat adrenal gland, with a threshold of 1 pmol in 200 μl, but did not affect basal steroid secretion by collagenase-dispersed adrenocortical cells at any concentration used, from 10 pmol/l to 10 μmol/l. The presence of VIP (100 nmol/l) had no significant effect on the response of zona glomerulos

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8

Karteris, Emmanouil, Rachel J. Machado, Jing Chen, Sevasti Zervou, Edward W. Hillhouse, and Harpal S. Randeva. "Food deprivation differentially modulates orexin receptor expression and signaling in rat hypothalamus and adrenal cortex." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 288, no. 6 (2005): E1089—E1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00351.2004.

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Although starvation-induced biochemical and metabolic changes are perceived by the hypothalamus, the adrenal gland plays a key role in the integration of metabolic activity and energy balance, implicating feeding as a major synchronizer of rhythms in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Given that orexins are involved in regulating food intake and activating the HPA axis, we hypothesized that food deprivation, an acute challenge to the systems that regulate energy balance, should elicit changes in orexin receptor signaling at the hypothalamic and adrenal levels. Food deprivation indu

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9

Delarue, C., JM Conlon, I. Remy-Jouet, A. Fournier, and H. Vaudry. "Endothelins as local activators of adrenocortical cells." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 32, no. 1 (2004): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0320001.

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Besides the classical corticotropic hormones, ACTH and angiotensin II, various regulatory peptides produced by the adrenal gland are thought to participate in the control of corticosteroid secretion. Here, we review the evidence that endothelins (ETs) synthesized within the adrenal cortex may act as autocrine and/or paracrine factors to regulate adrenocortical cell activity. The expression of ETs has been detected in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic adrenocortical cells. The occurrence of ET receptors has been described in the different zones of the cortex. ETs stimulate the secretion of bo

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10

Giuliani, Luisa, Livia Lenzini, Michele Antonello, et al. "Expression and Functional Role of Urotensin-II and Its Receptor in the Adrenal Cortex and Medulla: Novel Insights for the Pathophysiology of Primary Aldosteronism." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 94, no. 2 (2009): 684–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-1131.

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Abstract Context: The involvement of urotensin II, a vasoactive peptide acting via the G protein-coupled urotensin II receptor, in arterial hypertension remains contentious. Objective: We investigated the expression of urotensin II and urotensin II receptor in adrenocortical and adrenomedullary tumors and the functional effects of urotensin II receptor activation. Design: The expression of urotensin II and urotensin II receptor was measured by real time RT-PCR in aldosterone-producing adenoma (n = 22) and pheochromocytoma (n = 10), using histologically normal adrenocortical (n = 6) and normal

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11

Kapas, S., A. Purbrick та J. P. Hinson. "Action of opioid peptides on the rat adrenal cortex: stimulation of steroid secretion through a specific μ opioid receptor". Journal of Endocrinology 144, № 3 (1995): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1440503.

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Abstract While there have been several studies on the actions of opioid peptides on adrenocortical steroidogenesis, the results of these studies have failed to resolve the question as to whether these peptides exert a direct action on the adrenal cortex. The present studies were designed to address this question directly, using collagenase-dispersed rat zona glomerulosa and zonae fasciculata/reticularis cells incubated in vitro. The results obtained clearly show that the opioid peptides tested (β-endorphin, Leu-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin, and its long-acting analogue, DALA) all exerted a signi

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12

Kapas, S., A. Purbrick та J. P. Hinson. "Role of tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C in the steroidogenic actions of angiotensin II, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and corticotropin in the rat adrenal cortex". Biochemical Journal 305, № 2 (1995): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3050433.

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The role of protein kinases in the steroidogenic actions of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), angiotensin II (AngII) and corticotropin (ACTH) in the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa was examined. Ro31-8220, a potent selective inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), inhibited both AngII- and alpha-MSH-stimulated aldosterone secretion but had no effect on aldosterone secretion in response to ACTH. The effect of Ro31-8220 on PKC activity was measured in subcellular fractions. Basal PKC activity was higher in cytosol than in membrane or nuclear fractions. Incubation of the zona glomerulos

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13

Mazzocchi, Giuseppina, Francesco Aragona, Ludwik K. Malendowicz, and Gastone G. Nussdorfer. "PTH and PTH-related peptide enhance steroid secretion from human adrenocortical cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 280, no. 2 (2001): E209—E213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.2.e209.

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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide (PTH-RP) are two hypercalcemic hormones that share a common receptor subtype, the PTH/PTH-RP receptor. PTH and PTH-RP concentration dependently enhanced basal aldosterone and cortisol secretion from dispersed human adrenocortical cells, with a maximal effective concentration (∼2-fold increase) of 10−8 M. The secretagogue effect of 10−8 M PTH or PTH-RP was abolished by the PTH/PTH-RP receptor antagonist [Leu11,d-Trp12]-PTH-RP-(7–34)-amide (10−6 M). PTH and PTH-RP (10−8 M) raised cAMP and inositol-triphosphate release by dispersed adrenocortical

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14

Nesher, Maoz, Moran Dvela, Vincent U. Igbokwe, Haim Rosen, and David Lichtstein. "Physiological roles of endogenous ouabain in normal rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 297, no. 6 (2009): H2026—H2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00734.2009.

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Endogenous ouabain (EO)-like compounds are synthesized in and released from the adrenal gland. Although EO has been implicated in several pathological states such as hypertension and heart and kidney failure, its physiological roles in normal animal have not been elucidated. To address this issue, we studied the effects of reduction in plasma EO resulting from antiouabain antibody administration. Normal rats were treated for 28 days with antiouabain antibodies or rabbit IgG as control. Infusions were delivered through a jugular vein cannula by osmotic pumps, and blood pressure was monitored by

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15

Oki, Kenji, Phillip G. Kopf, William B. Campbell, et al. "Angiotensin II and III Metabolism and Effects on Steroid Production in the HAC15 Human Adrenocortical Cell Line." Endocrinology 154, no. 1 (2013): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1557.

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Aldosterone is synthesized in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex under primary regulation by the renin-angiotensin system. Angiotensin II (A-II) acts through the angiotensin types 1 and 2 receptors (AT1R and AT2R). A-II is metabolized in different tissues by various enzymes to generate two heptapeptides A-III and angiotensin 1-7, which can then be catabolized into smaller peptides. A-II was more potent than A-III in stimulating aldosterone secretion in the adrenocortical cell line HAC15, and A-II, but not A-III, stimulated cortisol secretion. A-II stimulated mRNA expression of steroido

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16

Yoshimura, Michihiro, Hirofumi Yasue, and Hisao Ogawa. "Pathophysiological significance and clinical application of ANP and BNP in patients with heart failure." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 79, no. 8 (2001): 730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y01-039.

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Plasma levels of ANP and BNP increase in accordance with the severity of the heart failure. In severe cases, the amount of BNP secreted surpasses that of ANP. The main secretion site of BNP is the ventricles, and that of ANP is the atria. However, ANP is also secreted from the ventricles as heart failure advances, and thus the ventricles are important sites for both BNP and ANP. It is well known that myocardial stretch is a key factor in the stimulation of the secretion of ANP and BNP, although neurohumoral factors also play a role in the secretion mechanism. The major physiological effects of

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17

Janssens, Cecile JJG, Frans A. Helmond, and Victor M. Wiegant. "Chronic stress and pituitary–adrenocortical responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin in female pigs." European Journal of Endocrinology 132, no. 4 (1995): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1320479.

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Janssens CJJG, Helmond FA, Wiegant VM. Chronic stress and pituitary–adrenocortical responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin in female pigs. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:479–86. ISSN 0804–4643 Effects of long-term tethered housing (a condition of chronic stress) on pituitary-adrenocortical responsiveness to exogenous corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and lysine8-vasopressin (LVP) were investigated in female pigs. Intravenous administration of CRH (dose range 10–440 pmol/kg body wt) or LVP (10–880 pmol/kg body wt) elicited transient and dose-related increases in plasma conce

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18

Ho, Mei Mei, and Gavin P. Vinson. "Peptide growth factors and the adrenal cortex." Microscopy Research and Technique 36, no. 6 (1997): 558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19970315)36:6<558::aid-jemt12>3.0.co;2-n.

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19

Higuchi, Kazumi, Takashi Hashiguchi, Masao Ohashi, et al. "Porcine brain natriuretic peptide receptor in bovine adrenal cortex." Life Sciences 44, no. 13 (1989): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(89)90588-2.

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20

Pignatelli, Duarte, Marta Maia, M. Jose Bento, et al. "Captopril Effects on the Rat Adrenal Cortex." Endocrine Research 26, no. 4 (2000): 965–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07435800009048624.

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21

Lu, Shin-Tsu, Susanne Pettit, Shwu-Jen Lu, and Sol M. Michaelson. "Effects of Microwaves on the Adrenal Cortex." Radiation Research 107, no. 2 (1986): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3576811.

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22

Nuglozeh, Edem, Majambu Mbikay, Duncan J. Stewart, and Louis Legault. "Gene expression of natriuretic peptide receptors in rats with DOCA-salt hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 273, no. 4 (1997): C1427—C1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.4.c1427.

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In our previous studies, we found that the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) binding and guanylyl cyclase activity of A-type natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR-A) were upregulated in renal papillae but downregulated in vascular tissues and glomeruli of rats with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension [E. Nuglozeh, G. Gauquelin, R. Garcia, J. Tremblay, and E. L. Schiffrin. Am. J. Physiol. 259 ( Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 28): F130–F137, 1990]. To further understand the molecular significance of these regulations, we measured the relative abundance of the transcripts of NPR-A

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23

Nekrasova, Y. N., Y. A. Zolotarev, and E. V. Navolotskaya. "Interaction of the synthetic peptide octarphin with rat adrenal cortex membranes." Biochemistry (Moscow) 77, no. 12 (2012): 1377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s000629791212005x.

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24

Pignatelli, Duarte, Marta Maia, Ana Rita Castro, Maria da Conceicao Magalhaes, Josiane Vivier, and Genevieve Defaye. "Chronic Stress Effects on the Rat Adrenal Cortex." Endocrine Research 26, no. 4 (2000): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07435800009048567.

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25

Faraci, F. M., W. M. Chilian, J. K. Williams, and D. D. Heistad. "Effects of reflex stimuli on blood flow to the adrenal medulla." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 257, no. 2 (1989): H590—H596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1989.257.2.h590.

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The goal of this study was to examine changes in blood flow to the adrenal medulla during reflex stimuli that release catecholamines. Adrenal blood flow was measured with microspheres during exercise in conscious dogs and during bicuculline-induced seizures in anesthetized dogs. In awake dogs, blood flow to the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla was 310 +/- 48 and 1,613 +/- 258 (SE) ml.min-1.100 g-1, respectively. Blood flow to the cortex and medulla was not affected by moderate exercise. Anesthesia (pentobarbital sodium) reduced blood flow to the adrenal cortex and medulla to 158 +/- 12 and 2

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26

Totsune, Kazuhito, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Osamu Murakami, et al. "Immunoreactive brain natriuretic peptide in human adrenal glands and adrenal tumors." European Journal of Endocrinology 135, no. 3 (1996): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1350352.

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Totsune K, Takahashi K, Murakami O, Satoh F, Sone M, Ohneda M. Miura Y. Mouri T. Immunoreactive brain natriuretic peptide in human adrenal glands and adrenal tumors. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:352–6. ISSN 0804–4643 The presence of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in tissues of human adrenal glands and adrenal tumors was investigated by radioimmunoassay. Immunoreactive BNP concentrations were 0.203 ± 0.061 pmol/g wet tissue (mean ± sem) in normal parts of adrenal glands (cortex and medulla. N = 8), 0.205 ± 0.037 pmol/g wet tissue in pheochromocytomas (N = 8), 0.230 ± 0.062 pmol/g wet tissue in al

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27

Renshaw, D., A. T. Cruchley, S. Kapas, and J. P. Hinson. "Receptors for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the rat adrenal cortex." Endocrine Research 24, no. 3-4 (1998): 773–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07435809809032686.

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28

Kapas, Supriya, Derek Renshaw, Mark Carroll, and Joy P. Hinson. "Adrenomedullin and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in the rat adrenal cortex." Peptides 22, no. 11 (2001): 1903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00516-2.

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29

Shimada, Hiroki, Erika Noro, Susumu Suzuki, et al. "Effects of Adipocyte-derived Factors on the Adrenal Cortex." Current Molecular Pharmacology 13, no. 1 (2020): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467212666191015161334.

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Background and Objective: Obesity is highly complicated by hypertension and hyperglycemia. In particular, it has been proposed that obesity-related hypertension is caused by adipocyte-derived factors that are recognized as undetermined proteins secreted from adipocytes. Adipocyte-derived factors have been known to be related to aldosterone secretion in the adrenal gland. So far, Wnt proteins, CTRP-1, VLDL, LDL, HDL and leptin have been demonstrated to stimulate aldosterone secretion. In contrast, it has not yet been clarified whether adipocyte-derived factors also affect adrenal cortisol secre

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30

Macedo, Lilian Alves, Adriana Aparecida Ferraz Carbonel, Ricardo Santos Simões, et al. "Effects of metformin on the adrenal cortex of androgenized rats." Gynecological Endocrinology 31, no. 8 (2015): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2015.1019342.

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31

Rossi, G. "Effects of endothelin-1[1-31] on human adrenal cortex." American Journal of Hypertension 14, no. 11 (2001): A68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(01)01668-5.

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32

Cockerill, David, Louis W. Chang, Aubrey Hough, and Frank Bivins. "Effects of trimethyltin on the mouse hippocampus and adrenal cortex." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 22, no. 2 (1987): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287398709531059.

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33

Bicknell, Andrew B. "60 YEARS OF POMC: N-terminal POMC peptides and adrenal growth." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 56, no. 4 (2016): T39—T48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-15-0269.

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The peptide hormones contained within the sequence of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) have diverse roles ranging from pigmentation to regulation of adrenal function to control of our appetite. It is generally acknowledged to be the archetypal hormone precursor, and as its biology has been unravelled, so too have many of the basic principles of hormone biosynthesis and processing. This short review focuses on one group of its peptide products, namely, those derived from the N-terminal of POMC and their role in the regulation of adrenal growth. From a historical and a personal perspective, it describ

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Ehrhart-Bornstein, Monika, Stefan R. Bornstein, Werner A. Scherbaum, Ernst F. Pfeiffer, and Jens J. Holst. "Role of the Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in a Neuroendocrine Regulation of the Adrenal Cortex." Neuroendocrinology 54, no. 6 (1991): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000125969.

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35

Petrovic-Kosanovic, Dragana, V. Ajdzanovic, Maja Cakic-Milosevic, Vesna Koko, and Verica Milosevic. "The effects of acute heat stress on proliferative and apoptotic processes in the rat adrenal cortex." Archives of Biological Sciences 65, no. 3 (2013): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1303905k.

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Hyperthermia can cause significant structural and functional reorganization of tissues and organs. The proliferative and apoptotic processes of rat adrenal cortex were analyzed by light and electron microscopy after an acute exposure to high ambient temperature. Animals were divided in two groups. The first group consisted of intact controls. The rats from the second group were exposed to a high ambient temperature of 38?C for 60 min. Mitotic chromosomes and the largest number of immunoreactive nuclei for the Ki-67 were observed in the zona reticularis (ZR) of the control animals. The relative

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36

Jousselin-Hosaja, M. "Effects of transplantation on mouse adrenal chromaffin cells." Journal of Endocrinology 116, no. 1 (1988): 149—NP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1160149.

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ABSTRACT The effects of long-term transplantation on the ultrastructure of adrenaline- and noradrenaline-storing cells from the adrenal medulla were determined using morphometric methods. Mouse adrenal medulla were freed from the adrenal cortex and grafted into the occipital cortex of the brain. Two types of chromaffin cells were identified by electron microscopy in grafts fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. Noradrenaline-type cells were predominant and formed 70–80% of the surviving population of grafted chromaffin cells. A minority of the chromaffin cells contained medium-sized g

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37

Nunez, D. J. R., A. P. Davenport, and M. J. Brown. "Atrial natriuretic factor mRNA and binding sites in the adrenal gland." Biochemical Journal 271, no. 2 (1990): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2710555.

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The factor inhibiting aldosterone secretion produced by the adrenal medulla may be atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), since the latter abolishes aldosterone release in response to a number of secretagogues, including angiotensin II and K+. In this study we have shown that cells in the adrenal medulla contain ANF mRNA and therefore have the potential to synthesize this peptide. The presence of binding sites for ANF predominantly in the adrenal zona glomerulosa suggests that, if ANF is synthesized in the medulla and transferred to the cortex, it may affect mineralocorticoid status.

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38

Bodnar, M., A. Sarrieau, C. F. Deschepper, and C. D. Walker. "Adrenal vasoactive intestinal peptide participates in neonatal corticosteroid production in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 273, no. 3 (1997): R1163—R1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.3.r1163.

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Neonatal rats (3-14 days old) exhibit a period of adrenal hyporesponsiveness characterized by blunted corticosterone (B) responses to stress and reduced adrenal sensitivity to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Several adrenomedullary peptidergic systems like vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are postulated to influence cortical function. VIP is known to stimulate corticosterone secretion in vitro and to be released from the adrenal medulla following splanchnic nerve stimulation. Here, we tested whether 1) accelerated sympathetic innervation of the adrenal gland by daily L-thyroxine (T4) tr

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Milovanović, Tatjana, Mirela Budec, Ljiljana Balint-Perić, Vesna Koko, and Vera Todorović. "Effects of acute administration of ethanol on the rat adrenal cortex." Journal of Studies on Alcohol 64, no. 5 (2003): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2003.64.662.

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40

Nanmoku, Toru, Kazumasa Isobe, Takeshi Sakurai, et al. "Effects of orexin on cultured porcine adrenal medullary and cortex cells." Regulatory Peptides 104, no. 1-3 (2002): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-0115(01)00356-1.

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Wernert, N., A. Antalffy, and G. Dhom. "Effects of estradiol on adrenal cortex and medulla of the rat." Pathology - Research and Practice 181, no. 5 (1986): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0344-0338(86)80148-0.

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Bozzo, Aída Andrea, Carlos Alberto Soñez, Ignacio Monedero Cobeta, et al. "Chronic Stress Effects on Adrenal Cortex Cellular Proliferation in Pregnant Rats." International Journal of Morphology 29, no. 4 (2011): 1148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022011000400013.

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Lesniewska, B., M. Nowak, B. Miskowiak, G. G. Nussdorfer, and L. K. Malendowicz. "Long-term effects of neuropeptide-Y on the rat adrenal cortex." Neuropeptides 16, no. 1 (1990): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-4179(90)90023-r.

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McCarty, Richard, Robert F. Kirby, and Robert M. Carey. "Effects of dietary sodium on dopamine content of rat adrenal cortex." Physiology & Behavior 37, no. 5 (1986): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(86)90185-x.

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Colby, H. D. "Adrenal Gland Toxicity: Chemically Induced Dysfunction." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 7, no. 1 (1988): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818809078702.

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Abstract:

Among the endocrine organs, the adrenal cortex appears to be the most vulnerable to chemically induced injury. A wide variety of chemicals has been found to cause morphological or functional lesions in the gland. Some of the lesions are highly localized to specific anatomical zones of the adrenal cortex, and the resulting functional deficits depend on the physiological role(s) of the zone affected. In addition, metabolic activation is an important factor contributing to the gland's vulnerability to chemical injury. For example, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) causes adrenocortical necrosis, but on

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Doreian, Bryan W., Tiberiu G. Fulop, Robert L. Meklemburg, and Corey B. Smith. "Cortical F-Actin, the Exocytic Mode, and Neuropeptide Release in Mouse Chromaffin Cells Is Regulated by Myristoylated Alanine-rich C-Kinase Substrate and Myosin II." Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, no. 13 (2009): 3142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e09-03-0197.

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Adrenal medullary chromaffin cells are innervated by the sympathetic splanchnic nerve and translate graded sympathetic firing into a differential hormonal exocytosis. Basal sympathetic firing elicits a transient kiss-and-run mode of exocytosis and modest catecholamine release, whereas elevated firing under the sympathetic stress response results in full granule collapse to release catecholamine and peptide transmitters into the circulation. Previous studies have shown that rearrangement of the cell actin cortex regulates the mode of exocytosis. An intact cortex favors kiss-and-run exocytosis,

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Zheng, Huifei Sophia, Jeff Daniel, Chad David Foradori, Robert J. Kemppainen, and Chen-Che Jeff Huang. "Acute Transcriptional Effects of Dexamethasone on Mouse Adrenal Gland Transcriptome." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.131.

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Abstract Researchers have long known that dexamethasone causes cellular and functional changes in the adrenal gland. For example, long-term dexamethasone treatment leads to reversible adrenal cortex atrophy. In the adrenal medulla, dexamethasone treatment alters the maturation and function of the neural crest-derived chromaffin cells. Here we aim to study the acute transcriptional effect of dexamethasone on mouse adrenal gland at the transcriptome level. Our data suggested that a one-hour dexamethasone treatment had a cell type-specific effect on the adrenal transcriptome. There were 922 dexam

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Whitnall, M. H., Y. C. Lee, W. J. Driscoll, and C. A. Strott. "Immunocytochemical localization of the 34 KD pregnenolone-binding protein to fasciculata and reticularis cells and a novel 32 KD protein specific for reticularis cells in guinea pig adrenal cortex." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 38, no. 11 (1990): 1607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/38.11.2170503.

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Two proteins were isolated and purified from guinea pig adrenal cortex: a 34 KD protein that specifically binds pregnenolone (product of the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis), and a novel co-purifying 32 KD protein that has not been characterized. Specific antisera were generated and used for immunocytochemical analysis. The 34 KD and 32 KD proteins were specific for the adrenal cortex and were absent from other tissues, including the testis. The 34 KD pregnenolone binding protein (PBP) was localized to zona fasciculata and zona reticularis cells and absent from zona glomerulosa cells. Th

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Zieleniewski, Wojciech. "The stimulatory effect of endothelin-1 on regenerating adrenal cortex is reversed by nifedipine." European Journal of Endocrinology 136, no. 1 (1997): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1360121.

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Abstract Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, was found to act in non-vascular tissues, for example it enhanced aldosterone output from adrenal zona glomerulosa. As the adrenal cortex is capable of regeneration after enucleation, it seemed of interest to study the effects of ET-1 on adrenocortical regeneration. The study was performed on adult rats subjected to left adrenal enucleation combined with contralateral adrenalectomy. Mitotic index was employed to assess the proliferation of regenerating adrenal cortex cells. Plasma corticosterone was measured by a standard RIA kit. ET-1 si

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NISHIKAWA, TETSUO, KEIJI MIKAMI, AKIKO YOSHIDA, MASAO OMURA, YASUSHI TAMURA, and YASUSHI SAITO. "Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism in Adrenal Cortex: Effects of Apoproteins on Cholesterol Esterase in Rat Adrenal Glands." Endocrine Journal 40, no. 2 (1993): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.40.221.

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