Academic literature on the topic 'Peptide Based Gels'
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Journal articles on the topic "Peptide Based Gels"
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Pramanik, Bapan, and Sahnawaz Ahmed. "Peptide-Based Low Molecular Weight Photosensitive Supramolecular Gelators." Gels 8, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8090533.
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Over the last couple of decades, stimuli-responsive supramolecular gels comprising synthetic short peptides as building blocks have been explored for various biological and material applications. Though a wide range of stimuli has been tested depending on the structure of the peptides, light as a stimulus has attracted extensive attention due to its non-invasive, non-contaminant, and remotely controllable nature, precise spatial and temporal resolution, and wavelength tunability. The integration of molecular photo-switch and low-molecular-weight synthetic peptides may thus provide access to supramolecular self-assembled systems, notably supramolecular gels, which may be used to create dynamic, light-responsive “smart” materials with a variety of structures and functions. This short review summarizes the recent advancement in the area of light-sensitive peptide gelation. At first, a glimpse of commonly used molecular photo-switches is given, followed by a detailed description of their incorporation into peptide sequences to design light-responsive peptide gels and the mechanism of their action. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives for developing next-generation photo-responsive gels and materials are outlined.
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Carter, Jennifer M., Yun Qian, Jeffrey C. Foster, and John B. Matson. "Peptide-based hydrogen sulphide-releasing gels." Chemical Communications 51, no. 66 (2015): 13131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc04883d.
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Gomes, Valéria, Sérgio R. S. Veloso, Miguel A. Correa-Duarte, Paula M. T. Ferreira, and Elisabete M. S. Castanheira. "Tuning Peptide-Based Hydrogels: Co-Assembly with Composites Driving the Highway to Technological Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010186.
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Self-assembled peptide-based gels provide several advantages for technological applications. Recently, the co-assembly of gelators has been a strategy to modulate and tune gel properties and even implement stimuli-responsiveness. However, it still comprises limitations regarding the required library of compounds and outcoming properties. Hence, efforts have been made to combine peptide-based gels and (in)organic composites (e.g., magnetic nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, liposomes, graphene, silica, clay, titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfide) to endow stimuli-responsive materials and achieve suitable properties in several fields ranging from optoelectronics to biomedical. Herein, we discuss the recent developments with composite peptide-based gels including the fabrication, tunability of gels’ properties, and challenges on (bio)technological applications.
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Wang, Shuo, Youguo Zhang, Qiang Li, Rongqin Sun, Lin Ma, and Liangchun Li. "Self-Assembly of an Amphiphilic OEG-Linked Glutamide Lipid." Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 1 (2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16127.
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Amphiphilic peptides with or without oligoethylene glycol (OEG) chains based on 3,4-bis(benzyloxy)benzoic-linked glutamide were designed and their self-assembly was investigated. It was found that the amphiphilic peptide 3 with OEG chains could not only form stable gels in a wide range of solvents, but also showed better solubility in solvents than those without OEG chains. Fibrillar and nanotube structures were found in the gels formed and the width of the fibres could be tuned with added water content. The UV-vis and XRD results suggested that the driving forces for the peptide self-assembly were mainly intermolecular π–π and hydrogen-bonding interactions. These results provide a deeper understanding of the self-assembly mechanism and size control of nanofibrils formed by an OEG-based amphiphilic peptide.
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Kurbasic, Marina, Evelina Parisi, Ana M. Garcia, and Silvia Marchesan. "Self-Assembling, Ultrashort Peptide Gels as Antimicrobial Biomaterials." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 14 (June 11, 2020): 1300–1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026620666200316150221.
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Supramolecular antimicrobial hydrogels based on peptides are attractive soft materials for the treatment of infections, considering their ease of preparation and benign fate in biological settings and in the environment. In particular, stimuli-responsive systems that can be assembled/disassembled ad hoc could offer the opportunity to switch on/off their bioactivity as needed. Besides, the shorter is the peptide, the lower its cost of production. However, a structure-to-function relationship is yet to be defined and reported activities are generally not yet competitive relative to traditional antibiotics. Inspiration for their design can be found in host defense peptides (HDPs), which can self-assemble to exert their function. This article reviews research developments in this emerging area, and it examines features, differences and similarities between antimicrobial and amyloid peptides to open the avenue towards the next generation of supramolecular antimicrobial peptides as innovative therapeutic materials.
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Zanna, Nicola, and Claudia Tomasini. "Peptide-Based Physical Gels Endowed with Thixotropic Behaviour." Gels 3, no. 4 (October 21, 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels3040039.
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Galzitskaya, Oxana V., Olga M. Selivanova, Elena Y. Gorbunova, Leila G. Mustaeva, Viacheslav N. Azev, and Alexey K. Surin. "Mechanism of Amyloid Gel Formation by Several Short Amyloidogenic Peptides." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 3129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11113129.
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Under certain conditions, many proteins/peptides are capable of self-assembly into various supramolecular formations: fibrils, films, amyloid gels. Such formations can be associated with pathological phenomena, for example, with various neurodegenerative diseases in humans (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and others), or perform various functions in the body, both in humans and in representatives of other domains of life. Recently, more and more data have appeared confirming the ability of many known and, probably, not yet studied proteins/peptides, to self-assemble into quaternary structures. Fibrils, biofilms and amyloid gels are promising objects for the developing field of research of nanobiotechnology. To develop methods for obtaining nanobiomaterials with desired properties, it is necessary to study the mechanism of such structure formation, as well as the influence of various factors on this process. In this work, we present the results of a study of the structure of biogels formed by four 10-membered amyloidogenic peptides: the VDSWNVLVAG peptide (AspNB) and its analogue VESWNVLVAG (GluNB), which are amyloidogenic fragments of the glucantransferase Bgl2p protein from a yeast cell wall, and amyloidogenic peptides Aβ(31–40), Aβ(33–42) from the Aβ(1–42) peptide. Based on the analysis of the data, we propose a possible mechanism for the formation of amyloid gels with these peptides.
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Dudukovic, Nikola A., and Charles F. Zukoski. "Nanoscale dynamics and aging of fibrous peptide-based gels." Journal of Chemical Physics 141, no. 16 (October 28, 2014): 164905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4899905.
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Vilaça, Helena, André Carvalho, Tarsila Castro, Elisabete M. S. Castanheira, Loic Hilliou, Ian Hamley, Manuel Melle-Franco, Paula M. T. Ferreira, and José A. Martins. "Unveiling the Role of Capping Groups in Naphthalene N-Capped Dehydrodipeptide Hydrogels." Gels 9, no. 6 (June 6, 2023): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9060464.
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Self-assembled peptide-based hydrogels are archetypical nanostructured materials with a plethora of foreseeable applications in nanomedicine and as biomaterials. N-protected di- and tri-peptides are effective minimalist (molecular) hydrogelators. Independent variation of the capping group, peptide sequence and side chain modifications allows a wide chemical space to be explored and hydrogel properties to be tuned. In this work, we report the synthesis of a focused library of dehydrodipeptides N-protected with 1-naphthoyl and 2-naphthylacetyl groups. The 2-naphthylacetyl group was extensively reported for preparation of peptide-based self-assembled hydrogels, whereas the 1-naphthaloyl group was largely overlooked, owing presumably to the lack of a methylene linker between the naphthalene aromatic ring and the peptide backbone. Interestingly, dehydrodipeptides N-capped with the 1-naphthyl moiety afford stronger gels, at lower concentrations, than the 2-naphthylacetyl-capped dehydrodipeptides. Fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that the self-assembly of the dehydrodipeptides is driven by intermolecular aromatic π–π stacking interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the 1-naphthoyl group allows higher order aromatic π–π stacking of the peptide molecules than the 2-naphthylacetyl group, together with hydrogen bonding of the peptide scaffold. The nanostructure of the gel networks was studied by TEM and STEM microscopy and was found to correlate well with the elasticity of the gels. This study contributes to understanding the interplay between peptide and capping group structure on the formation of self-assembled low-molecular-weight peptide hydrogels. Moreover, the results presented here add the 1-naphthoyl group to the palette of capping groups available for the preparation of efficacious low-molecular-weight peptide-based hydrogels.
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Zhu, Ying, Liying Wang, Yiping Li, Zhewei Huang, Shiyao Luo, Yue He, Han Han, Faisal Raza, Jun Wu, and Liang Ge. "Injectable pH and redox dual responsive hydrogels based on self-assembled peptides for anti-tumor drug delivery." Biomaterials Science 8, no. 19 (2020): 5415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0bm01004a.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Peptide Based Gels"
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Johnson, Tony. "Ultra-high load solid (gel) phase peptide synthesis using a combination of acid labile and base labile N-terminal protecting groups." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328036.
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Wan, Simon. "Self-assembling peptide hydrogel for intervertebral disc tissue engineering." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/selfassembling-peptide-hydrogel-for-intervertebral-disc-tissue-engineering(1f931e1e-6b9b-49a7-bd30-2572ff0338fa).html.
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The intervertebral disc (IVD), situated between adjoining vertebrae, consists of the gelatinous nucleus pulposus (NP) in the centre surrounded by the tougher annulus fibrosus (AF). Its main roles are to distribute loads and to act as joints. With aging, degenerative disc disease (DDD) occurs due to an imbalance in anabolic and catabolic events in the IVD, which results in a loss of function. Lower back pain (LBP) affects 84% of people at some point in their lifetime and is strongly associated with DDD. Current LBP treatments have limited long term efficacy and are symptomatic rather than curative. Cell-based therapies are regarded to hold great potential for the treatment of DDD as it has been hypothesised that they could regenerate the damaged tissue and alleviate LBP. A number of natural and synthetic biomaterials have been investigated as NP tissue engineering scaffolds with varying results. In this study, a self assembling peptide hydrogel (SAPH) was investigated for its potential as a cell carrier and/or scaffold for NP tissue engineering. SAPHs display the advantages of natural polymer hydrogels such as biocompatibility and biodegradability whilst combining the advantages of synthetic materials such as controlled structural and mechanical propertiesCharacterisation determined that the SAPH nanofibrous architecture had features that were of similar scale to extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the human NP. The mechanical properties of the SAPH could be optimised to closely match the native tissue. The system could shear thin and self-heal making the system ideally suited to delivery via minimally invasive procedure. The three dimensional (3D) culture of bovine NP cells (bNPCs) in the SAPH demonstrated that the NP phenotype could be restored after de-differentiation during monolayer culture. Gene expression results demonstrated that ‘traditional’ and ‘novel’ NP markers were highly expressed throughout in vitro culture. Cell viability was high, cell population remained stable and bNPCs adopted the characteristic rounded morphology of native NPCs. Finally, type II collagen and aggrecan, the main ECM components of the NP, were deposited with increasing production over culture period. Growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF-6) has been identified as the most promising current growth factor for inducing discogenic differentiation from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (h-BMMSCs). After samples were stimulated with GDF-6, gene expression results confirmed that a NP-like phenotype could be induced with high expression of ‘traditional’ and ‘novel’ NP markers. Cell viability was high, cell population remained stable and NP associated ECM components were deposited with cells displaying a rounded morphology. Interestingly, when h-BMMSCs were cultured without GDF-6, it was strongly suggested that spontaneous discogenic differentiation occurred after culture in the SAPHs as ‘traditional’ and ‘novel’ NP markers were highly expressed, morphology was comparable to native NPCs and type II collagen and aggrecan were deposited extracellularly. If these findings were accurate then this is the first study to demonstrate that a NP-like phenotype could be induced from MSCs without use of an exogenous growth factor or a discogenic bioactive motif. Despite exciting and novel results, further work is required to confirm the potential of SAPHs for NP tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Haider, Syed. "Enhanced gel electrophoresis (GE) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) based methods for the identification and separation of proteins and peptides." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10279.
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The main focus of the PhD study was to develop new gel electrophoresis and ICP-MS based methods to analyze a wide variety of the bio-molecules such as proteins, phosphoproteins and metalloproteins etc. The tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (tricine-SDS-PAGE) method is commonly used to resolve low molecular mass proteins, however, it requires a high percentage gel and a very complicated procedure to achieve this separation. This study describes a modification to tricine-SDS-PAGE to make it more effective for the separation of smaller proteins and for coupling to ICP-MS. The modified method employs low percentage PAGE gels and low reagent concentrations that provide efficient separations, good quantitation and low matrix levels that are compatible with ICP-MS. This modified method was applied to analyze phosphopeptides. Phosphopeptides are very small in size and difficult to separate using the other techniques such as Laemmli SDS-PAGE, original tricine-SDS-PAGE, immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) etc. In this study a simplified procedure is described based on modifying the original tricine-SDS-PAGE method. A comparative study showed that this modified method successfully resolved a digest mixture of very low to high molecular mass phosphopeptides/peptides. In off-line coupling of this method with ICP-MS, much better recoveries of the peptides from the gel were obtained as compared to traditional methods which indicate the compatibility of this modified method for quantitative studies. An on-line coupling of the modified system with ICP-MS was also demonstrated and it was applied for the separation, detection and quantification of phosphopeptides. Another application of this modified system was the separation of serum proteins. Blood serum contains five major protein groups i.e., albumin, alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin, beta globulin and gamma globulin. The separation of these five major proteins in a single gel is difficult to achieve using traditional methods. The modified system was shown to be superior for the separation of these serum proteins in a 7% (m/v) native-PAGE gel and a cellulose acetate membrane. A further study was carried out into controlling the factors that cause metal loss and protein fragmentation in SDS-PAGE. Using a reducing sample buffer, and heating to high temperatures (90-100ºC) in alkaline or acidic conditions may cause protein fragmentation and decrease the metal binding affinity. 70ºC was found suitable to prepare the sample at neutral, alkaline or acidic pH as no fragmentation observed. To prevent metal loss, the binding constant (log K) values of metal-amino acids, play the major role. Those metals which have high binding affinities with the amino acids in proteins can also be affected by the variation of the pH so prior information about pH to maintain the binding constant values is essential to minimize metal loss. This was observed in the loss of zinc, and to a lesser extent copper from human serum albumin (HSA) as measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method described above was applied for the separation and quantification of the serum proteins obtained from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients (where the AMD patients were from Moorfields Eye Hospital, London). Zn and Cu were quantified employing external calibration. Zn concentration showed variation whilst Cu did not show any significant variations in samples from AMD patients. A brief study of the interaction of cisplatin and oxaliplatin with HSA and transferrin was also performed. Cisplatin bound much faster than oxaliplatin with HSA. After 24 hours incubation, cisplatin showed a decrease in signal intensity which indicates that cisplatin binding decreases with time. Cisplatin binding with transferrin as compared to HSA was not significant, which could be the result of unstable Pt-transferrin complex formation. Oxaliplatin did not show high binding to either protein, perhaps due to the presence of the bulky, non polar DACH ligand.
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Alhendal, Abdullah Awadh. "Hydrolytic and Nonhydrolytic Sol-gel Zirconia-, Titania-, and Niobia-based Capillary Microextraction Coatings for the Preconcentration and HPLC Analysis of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Phosphorylated Peptides." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6452.
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Sample preparation is the most error-prone step in chemical analysis. A great deal of efforts has been made to develop efficient techniques and protocols for sample preparation to accomplish important goals such as miniaturization and implementation of green analytical methodologies. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has successfully eliminated the use of hazardous organic solvents in extraction sampling, sample preparation, preconcentration and sample introduction to the analytical instrument in an effective manner. Ensuring thermal- and solvent-instability of traditional SPME extraction phases represented one of their main drawbacks. This was solved by the introduction of sol-gel SPME phases characterized by enhanced thermal-, solvent-, and stability over a wide pH range. Sol-gel SPME phases (sorbents) facilitated excellent preconcentration effects for a wide range of analytes. In this dissertation, hydrolytic and nonhydrolytic sol-gel routes were explored for the creation of zirconia-, titania-, and niobia-based novel hybrid organic-inorganic sorbents using sol-gel active polymeric ligands. These sorbents were prepared in the form of surface coatings for capillary microextraction and preconcentration of biologically important molecules such as catecholamine neurotransmitters and phosphopeptides. In comparison with other sorbents made only of inorganic transition metal oxides, the presented sol-gel sorbents facilitated efficient desorption of the extracted analytes by LC-MS compatible mobile phases. The sol-gel zirconia- and titania-based hybrid sorbents provided pH-stable (pH range: 0 - 14) and derivatization-free extraction media that effectively overcame the major drawbacks of traditional sorbents for the analysis of catecholamines (silica-based sorbents suffer from narrow operational pH window while polymer-based sorbents require additional sample derivatization steps). The modification of the terminal hydroxy groups in PPO with ZrCl4 or TiCl4 provided an enhanced sol-gel reactivity of the polymer modified-terminals. Such a modification procedure allowed for an efficient incorporation of the polymeric ligand into the evolving sol-gel network. The effectiveness of the PPO modification was also evaluated by a systematic thermogravimetric investigation exploring the loading of the ligand in sol-gel hybrid sorbents, which revealed an enhanced ligand-loading achieved via the nonhydrolytic sol-gel route used with modified-PPO. Sol-gel hybrid sorbents prepared by the nonhydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) pathway provided excellent microextraction performance for catecholamines: low detection limits (5.6 – 9.6 pM), enhanced run-to-run reproducibility (RSD 0.6 – 5.1 %), excellent desorption efficiency (95.0 – 99.5 %) and high enrichment factors (EF) for epinephrine (EF ~ 1480) and for dopamine (EF ~ 2650) extracted from aqueous and synthetic urine samples at pH 10.5. Run-to-run and capillary-to-capillary reproducibility remained below 5 % when the peak area or the sorbent-mass was used as the reproducibility criterion. Niobia-based sol-gel sorbents prepared with and without organic ligand (polyethylenimine) were utilized as microextraction media for the enrichment of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated tetrapeptide VYKA. Sol-gel niobia-based sorbents with covalently anchored polyethylenimine showed excellent selectivity toward the phosphopeptide compared to analogous titania-based sorbents. Specific extraction (SE) values were higher by 97.0 % when obtained by niobia-based sorbents. Excellent run-to-run peak area reproducibility (RSD < 5.1 %) and high EF of ~ 4000 were achieved. The sol-gel niobia-based coating facilitated excellent desorption efficiency (97.5 %), which suggests that the surface of the niobia sorbent possesses moderate-strength Lewis acid sites that avoided the need for special elution solvents that are conventionally used for the desorption of phosphorylated molecules from titania-based sorbents. The sol-gel pathway for the creation of microextraction phases is versatile and capable to provide unique control on the characteristics of the sorbents that are critically important for many sample preparation applications.
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Labuschagne, Christiaan De Jager. "Rapid detection of GES-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a peptide nucleic acid-based realtime PCR assay." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25855.
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Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) constitute a major problem given their broad substrate specificity and ability to hydrolyse many of the extended-spectrum third-generation cephalosporins currently in use in hospital settings. Guiana extended-spectrum-type (GES-1 – GES-9) ESBL enzymes have mainly been found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and only at a limited number of geographical sites, mainly France, Greece and South Africa. Detection of GES-type ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolates in the clinical microbiology laboratory using conventional methods is problematic with molecular methods yielding better results. The aim of this study was to utilise various molecular techniques to determine the prevalence of GES-type ESBLs, characterise their genetic determinants and determine their clonal relatedness. The study further aimed to apply a sequence-selective, competitive PNA-based multiplex PCR in real-time for the identification and differentiation of GES-type enzymes. The prevalence of GES-type ESBLs was determined successfully through DNA sequencing. An increase in GES-2 prevalence since 2000 was noted which emphasised the importance of constant surveillance to monitor antibiotic determinants, their spread and overall prevalence. The knowledge on prevalence could be used in turn to monitor the efficacy of infection control measures and antibiotic regimens. Repeated sequencing confirmed the presence of blaGES-5 in P. aeruginosa isolates. As far as could be established, this study reported the first occurrence of GES-5 in South Africa and was the second description of GES-5 in P. aeruginosa. Application of a sequence-specific, competitive PNA-based multiplex PCR in real-time utilising SYBR Green was not suitable for the identification and differentiation of the blaGES genes. Although the method achieved different melting temperatures for the blaMedical Microbiology
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Labuschagne, Christiaan De Jager. "Rapid detection of GES-type extended-spectrum B-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a peptide nucleic acid-based realtime PCR assay." 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06262008-082108.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Peptide Based Gels"
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Falcone, Natashya, and Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz. "Ferrocene Peptide-based Supramolecular Gels." In Advances in Bioorganometallic Chemistry, 57–74. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814197-7.00003-0.
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Nafo, Wanis. "Hydrogel Biomaterials for Drug Delivery: Mechanisms, Design, and Drugs." In Hydrogels - From Tradition to Innovative Platforms With Multiple Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103156.
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Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, hydrogels have attracted significant attention in several medical fields, specifically, drug delivery applications in which gel-based nanocarriers deliver drug molecules to the region of interest in biological organs. For different drug delivery applications, hydrogel systems can be manipulated to provide passive and/or active delivery. Thus, several drug targeting, loading, and releasing mechanisms have been devised and reported in the literature. This chapter discusses these mechanisms and their efficacy with respect to different drug delivery applications. Furthermore, the drug dosage is dependent on the design and shape of the hydrogel systems, which in turn depend on the route of the drug administration. This chapter covers the types of hydrogel-based products applied via different routes of drug administration. Lastly, this chapter addresses different classifications of delivered drugs including small molecular weight drugs; therapeutic proteins and peptides; and vaccines.
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Naito, Akira. "Fibril Formation by Glucagon in Solution and in Membrane Environments." In Molecular Pharmacology. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91681.
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Glucagon is a 29-amino acid peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic α-cells and interacts with specific receptors located in various organs. Glucagon tends to form gel-like fibril aggregates that are cytotoxic because they activate apoptotic signaling pathways. First, fibril formation by glucagon in acidic solution is discussed in light of morphological and structural changes during elapsed time. Second, we provide kinetic analyses using a two-step autocatalytic reaction mechanism; the first step is a homogeneous nuclear formation process, and the second step is an autocatalytic heterogeneous fibril elongation process. Third, the processes of fibril formation by glucagon in a membrane environment are discussed based on the structural changes in the fibrils. In the presence of bicelles in acidic solution, glucagon interacts with the bicelles and forms fibril intermediates on the bicelle surface and grows into elongated fibrils. Glucagon-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayers in neutral solution mimic the environment for fibril formation by glucagon under near-physiological condition. Under these conditions, glucagon forms fibril intermediates that grow into elongated fibrils inside the lipid bilayer. Many days after preparing the glucagon-DMPC bilayer sample, the fibrils form networks inside and outside the bilayer. Furthermore, fibril intermediates strongly interact with lipid bilayers to form small particles.
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Moritz, Robert L., James Eddes, Hong Ji, Gavin E. Reid, and Richard J. Simpson. "Rapid separation of proteins and peptides using conventional silica-based supports: Identification of 2-D gel proteins following in-gel proteolysis." In Techniques in Protein Chemistry, 311–19. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1080-8914(06)80039-6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Peptide Based Gels"
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Newton, Ashley, and Kaustav Majumder. "Evaluating the Efficacy of Germination in Producing Biologically Active Peptides from Garbanzo Beans." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/czkw6895.
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Interest in plant-based protein, specifically pulse protein, has grown exponentially. Garbanzo beans (Cicer arietinum) have gained interest, as they are commonly consumed in many parts of the world. Bioactive peptides identified in pulse proteins have been shown to increase in concentration when exposed to various processing methods. Germination has been shown to decrease antinutritional factor concentration and increase production of enzymes, resulting in the production of peptides with potential bioactivity. This experiment aims to evaluate the efficacy of germination in producing and increasing the concentration of bioactive peptides in garbanzo beans. Garbanzo beans (GB) were germinated over a 3-day time period, with samples taken at the start of germination (day 0) and day 3. Soluble protein content was analyzed by Lowry’s protein estimation method and peptide content was measured using a fluorometric peptide assay. SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis was performed to investigate proteolytic changes in major storage proteins after germination. Soluble protein content and peptide content were both found to significantly increase after three days of germination. Germination of GB was found to increase the total soluble protein and peptide by 1% and 70%, respectively. Gel electrophoresis revealed the occurrence of proteolysis on day 3, with a disappearance of bands at 65 kDa and 100 kDa, corresponding to vicilin and convicilin, respectively, as well as a decrease in bands around 50 kDa, corresponding to legumin subunits. Future work will involve testing the bioactive potential of peptides derived from germinated GB using cell culture assays and identifying potential bioactive peptides via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Plant-based protein popularity has continued to increase, and there is a large interest in the use of bioactive peptides in pulses. The use of various processing conditions to increase the concentration of bioavailable peptides in pulses can be used to develop functional foods with novel health benefits.
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Yamamoto, K., H. Kawasaki, K. Suzuki, K. Tanoue, G. Kosaki, and H. Yamazaki. "AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF THE THROMBIN-BINDING SITE ON PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN Ib." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642924.
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Amino acid sequence of the thrombin-binding site on platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib was determined and the effects of the synthesized analogous peptides on thrombin-induced aggregation were studied. Crude platelet membrane fraction solubilized with 5mM dithiothreitol and 0.2% Tween 20 was applied to a WGA-Sepharose. The bound fractions were eluted with 0.3M N-actylglucosamine, then applied to a TM60 ( a monoclonal antibody against GP Ib)-Affi-gel column. Only one GP was bound to the column and was eluted with 50mM glycine-HCl, pH3.0, containing 0.2% Tween 20. SDS-PAGE showed a single band of 130kDa, corresponding to GP Ib alpha chain (GP Ibα). When the purified GP Ibα was digested with trypsin, two fragments (94kDa . and 43kDa) were obtained. The 43kDa fragment was shown to bind to both affinity colomns of TM60- and thrombin-Affi-gel, while the 94kDa fragment did not bind to either Affi-gel. When the same experiment was performed using chymotrypsin, three fragments (94kDa, 45kDa and 39kDa) were observed. On TM60- and thrombin-Affi-Gel columns, the smaller fragments (45kDa and 39kDa) were bound to both columns. However, on. thrombin-Affi-Gel column, 39kDa fragment was found in both unbound and bound fractions. It showed that the 45kDa fragment interacts with thrombin with a higher affinity than the 39kDa fragment. These results indicate that the thrombin-binding site is located on the "tail" portion of GPIba, especially on a chymotryptic cleavage site.Then 43kDa tryptic fragment was purified and its partial amino acid sequence was analyzed using gas phase amino acid sequence analyzer. Based on its amino acid sequence, several analogous oligopeptides were synthesized. Three peptides (#1-10, #11-23, #17-28) inhibited 0.05 U/ml thrombin-induced aggregations of washed human platelets in dose-dependent manners. IC50 were in the range of L50-550μM for each of these peptides.
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Edgington, T. S., J. H. Morrissey, and H. Fakhrai. "MOLECULAR CLONING OF HUMAN TISSUE FACTOR cDNA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643740.
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Tissue factor (TF), the cell-surface receptor and allo-steric activator for factor Vll/VIIa, is important in hemostasis andinflammation. The TF apoprotein was purifiedfrom human brain using factor Vll-affinitychromatography and SDS gel electrophoresis,and was found to consist of a 47 kDa heavy chain plus a 12.5 kDa light chain. Approximately one-third of the heavy chain amino acid sequence was determined for four regions by microsequencing the intact protein and peptides derived from V8-protease digestion. A λgtll cDNA library, made from mRNA derived from the human fibroblastic cell line WI38,was screened with (a) affinity-purified rabbit antibodies to human tissue factor, and (b) a 45-mer oligonucleotide probe based on TF heavy chain amino acid sequence. Five overlapping cDNA clones were identifiedand sequenced which confirmed all four partial TF amino acid sequences. Together these clones span the entire heavy chain coding sequence as well as 5" and 3" nontranslated regions. The N-terminusof the TF heavy chain is preceded by an unusually long signal peptide which appears to be cleaved at alternative sites two amino acids apart. This results in two variants of TF heavy chains which differ slightly in length and amino-terminal sequence.The deduced protein sequence shows no major homology to known protein sequences. However,a relatively uncommon tripeptide sequence, Trp-Lys-Ser (WKS), appears three times in the TF heavy chain. This tripeptidesequence also occurs in HMW kininogen, factor VIII,von Willebrand"s factor andant ithrombin-III. Limited sequence similarity is observed in flanking sequences,andthis may indicate a possible functional domain for the recognition of members ofthe vitamin K-dependent serine protease famil.Supported by NIH grants HL-16411 andCA-41085.
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Sarles, Stephen A., Kevin L. Garrison, Taylor T. Young, and Donald J. Leo. "Formation and Encapsulation of Biomolecular Arrays for Developing Arrays of Membrane-Based Artificial Hair Cell Sensors." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-5095.
Full textAbstract:
Recent research in our group has shown that artificial cell membranes formed at the base of a hair-like structure can be used to sense air flow in a manner similar to the mechanotransduction processes found in mammalian hair cells. Our previous work demonstrated that a single artificial hair cell can be formed in an open substrate. However, that study also motivated the need to develop fully-encapsulated devices that feature arrays of hair-cells. Since the transduction element in this concept is an artificial cell membrane, or lipid bilayer, this work investigates two parallel substrate designs for providing encapsulation and a method for forming arrays of bilayers. In one effort, a flexible substrate with internal compartments for hosting the biomolecules and mating cap are constructed and experimentally characterized. The regulated attachment method (RAM) is used to form interface bilayers within the sealed device. Capacitance measurements of the sealed interface bilayer show that the sealing cap slightly compresses the bottom insert and reduces the size of the enclosed bilayer. Single channel measurements of alamethicin peptides further verify that the sealed device, which is also leak-proof under water, can be used to detect the insertion and gating activity of transmembrane proteins in the membrane. The second effort pursued herein is the fabrication and initial testing of a method to form arrays of interface bilayers by using anchored hydrogel pads that support curved aqueous lenses in oil. In this fashion, the configuration of the array does not require manipulating droplets, but instead depends on the arrangement of the built-in gels used to support the aqueous lenses. As with RAM, mechanical force is used to promote contact of adjacent aqueous lenses held in the flexible substrate. Initial tests show that gel-supported lenses can be used for forming multiple lipid bilayers within the device and that these interfaces can be interrogated individually or collectively using an electrode switching circuit.
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Kim, Minwook, Isaac E. Erickson, Jason A. Burdick, George R. Dodge, and Robert L. Mauck. "Differential Chondrogenic Potential of Human and Bovine Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Agarose and Photocrosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19461.
Full textAbstract:
Articular cartilage has a limited regenerative capacity, and there exist no methodologies to restore structure and function after damage or degeneration. This has focused intense work on cell-based therapies for cartilage repair, with considerable literature demonstrating that chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo can generate cartilage-like tissue replacements. However, use of primary cells is limited by the amount and quality of autologous donor cells and tissue. Multipotential mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow offer an alternative cell source for cartilage tissue engineering. MSCs are easily accessible and expandable in culture, and differentiate towards a chondrocyte-like phenotype with exposure to TGF-β [1]. For example, we have shown that bovine MSCs undergo chondrogenic differentiation and mechanical maturation in agarose, self-assembling peptide, and photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels [2]. HA hydrogels are particularly advantageous as they are biologically relevant and easily modified to generate a range of hydrogel properties [3]. Indeed, bovine MSCs show a strong dependence of functional outcomes on the macromer density of the HA gel [4]. To further the clinical application of this material, the purpose of this study was to investigate functional chondrogenesis of human MSCs in HA compared to agarose hydrogels. To carry out this study, juvenile bovine and human MSCs were encapsulated and cultured in vitro in HA and agarose hydrogels, and cell viability, biochemical, biomechanical, and histological properties were evaluated over 4 weeks of culture.
Reports on the topic "Peptide Based Gels"
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Eyal, Yoram, and Sheila McCormick. Molecular Mechanisms of Pollen-Pistil Interactions in Interspecific Crossing Barriers in the Tomato Family. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573076.bard.
Full textAbstract:
During the evolutionary process of speciation in plants, naturally occurring barriers to reproduction have developed that affect the transfer of genes within and between related species. These barriers can occur at several different levels beginning with pollination-barriers and ending with hybrid-breakdown. The interaction between pollen and pistils presents one of the major barriers to intra- and inter-specific crosses and is the focus of this research project. Our long-term goal in this research proposal was defined to resolve questions on recognition and communication during pollen-pistil interactions in the extended tomato family. In this context, this work was initiated and planned to study the potential involvement of tomato pollen-specific receptor-like kinases (RLK's) in the interaction between pollen and pistils. By special permission from BARD the objectives of this research were extended to include studies on pollen-pistil interactions and pollination barriers in horticultural crops with an emphasis on citrus. Functional characterization of 2 pollen-specific RLK's from tomato was carried out. The data shows that both encode functional kinases that were active as recombinant proteins. One of the kinases was shown to accumulate mainly after pollen germination and to be phosphorylated in-vitro in pollen membranes as well as in-vivo. The presence of style extract resulted in dephosphorylation of the RLK, although no species specificity was observed. This data implies a role for at least one RLK in pollination events following pollen germination. However, a transgenic plant analysis of the RLK's comprising overexpression, dominant-negative and anti-sense constructs failed to provide answers on their role in pollination. While genetic effects on some of the plants were observed in both the Israeli and American labs, no clear functional answers were obtained. An alternative approach to addressing function was pursued by screening for an artificial ligand for the receptor domain using a peptide phage display library. An enriched peptide sequence was obtained and will be used to design a peptide-ligand to be tested for its effect o pollen germination and tube growth. Self-incompatibility (SI) in citrus was studied on 3 varieties of pummelo. SI was observed using fluorescence microscopy in each of the 3 varieties and compatibility relations between varieties was determined. An initial screen for an S-RNase SI mechanism yielded only a cDNA homologous to the group of S-like RNases, suggesting that SI results from an as yet unknown mechanism. 2D gel electrophoresis was applied to compare pollen and style profiles of different compatibility groups. A "polymorphic" protein band from style extracts was observed, isolated and micro-sequenced. Degenerate primers designed based on the peptide sequence date will be used to isolate the relevant genes i order to study their potential involvement in SI. A study on SI in the apple cultivar Top red was initiated. SI was found, as previously shown, to be complete thus requiring a compatible pollinator variety. A new S-RNase allele was discovered fro Top red styles and was found to be highly homologous to pear S-RNases, suggesting that evolution of these genes pre-dated speciation into apples and pears but not to other Rosaceae species. The new allele provides molecular-genetic tools to determine potential pollinators for the variety Top red as well as a tool to break-down SI in this important variety.