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Macrae, Vera. "Young people with low level literacy skills in the school and post-school environment." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/799993/.
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Davison, Benjamin Kenneth. "Universal graph literacy: understanding how blind and low vision students can satisfy the common core standards with accessible auditory graphs." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47621.
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Auditory graphs and active point estimation provide an inexpensive, accessible alternative for low vision and blind K-12 students using number lines and coordinate graphs. In the first phase of this research program, a series of four psychophysics studies demonstrated an interactive auditory number line that enables blind, low vision, and sighted people to find small targets with a laptop, headphones, and a mouse or a keyboard. The Fitts' Law studies showed that, given appropriate auditory feedback, blind people can use a mouse. In addition, auditory feedback can generate target response patterns similar to when people use visual feedback. Phase two introduced SQUARE, a novel method for building accessible alternatives to existing education technologies. The standards-driven and teacher-directed approach generated 17 graphing standards for sixth grade mathematics, all of which emphasized point estimation. It also showed that how only few basic behavioral components are necessary for these graphing problems. The third phase evaluated active point estimation tools in terms of training, classroom situations, and a testing situation. This work shows that students can learn to graph in K-12 environments, regardless of their visual impairment. It also provides several technologies used for graphing, and methods to further develop education accessibility research.
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Meier, Lori T., Karin Keith, and Edward J. Dwyer. "We the People: Elementary Pre-Service Teachers and Constitutional Readability." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/981.
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In light of increasing mandates to incorporate close reading of primary source historical documents at the elementary level, this study explored the reading difficulty level of the US Constitution with preservice elementary teachers using a traditional cloze assessment procedure. While best practice pedagogy of social studies has long included thoughtful reading of primary sources, new language arts guidelines situate the analysis of primary documents within formulaic quantifiable frameworks, often problematic to the pre-service teacher. With implications for reading and social studies, this paper explores several relevant issues to both pre-service teachers and the elementary classrooms they will teach in.
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Kodagoda, Neesha. "Interactive visualisation for low literacy users." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2012. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/9344/.
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Sixteen percent (5.2 million) of the UK population possess low levels of literacy. The Government and other non-profit organisations, due to funding reforms, are forced to reduce the provision of face-to-face advice, and therefore, are pushing advice services via telephone or internet. As a consequence, low literacy users are experiencing difficulties finding the information they need to solve their day to day problems online. This thesis evaluates how walk in clients of a local Citizens Advice Bureau (CAB) who come to get social service information, obtain information online using the Adviceguide website. The thesis presents two challenges: (i) knowing the users in a way that can help consider design solutions that are probably not in a typical designer’s standard repertoire of design patterns, and (ii) knowing what is the problem that needs to be addressed. It is not simply an issue of usability or the need for simpler language, but understanding that these low literacy users are very different from the high literacy users. These low literacy users need this information to solve their day-to-day problems and are likely to be less successful in doing so. By providing an information architecture that permits them of a reasoning space and context, while supporting less abstract skills by visualized information in an unconventional way. The above challenges leave us with these research questions to address: what is the basis of such a design, how can these designs be incorporated into existing non-traditional interface proof of concept and finally how can these designs be evaluated.
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CONCEIÇÃO, LORENNA SILVA EUNAPIO DA. "LOW LITERACY AND NEW DIGITAL MEDIA: THE EXPERIENCE OF LOW-LITERACY INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIAL MEDIA AND INSTANT MESSENGERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27168@1.
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Dados do Ibope e do Indicador de Analfabetismo Funcional (Inaf) de 2012
revelam que, no Brasil, existem aproximadamente 14 milhões de analfabetos
absolutos e um pouco mais de 35 milhões de analfabetos funcionais. Segundo
estatísticas, o Brasil é o terceiro país do mundo em tempo gasto na internet,
sendo mais da metade em mídias sociais. Nesse contexto, as atividades diárias se
direcionam a comunicações baseadas em texto, e a falta de capacidade de leitura e
escrita torna-se obstáculo ainda mais significativo para os adultos que apresentam
nenhum ou baixos níveis de letramento. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa procurou
responder à seguinte indagação: como se configura a experiência de uso e
consumo das redes sociais e comunicadores instantâneos por indivíduos com
baixo letramento? Para tal, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo exploratório,
baseado em entrevistas pessoais com 22 adultos com Ensino Fundamental
incompleto. Por meio dos resultados obtidos, foi possível perceber a
estigmatização sofrida por esses indivíduos devido às suas limitações, assim como
as estratégias de combate adotadas por eles, como a preferência por postagem de
fotos e mensagens de voz. Pode-se sugerir que as novas formas de comunicação
instantânea promovem uma certa liberdade para se cometer erros de gramática ou
de pontuação que, muitas vezes, são atribuídos ao corretor automático dos
dispositivos móveis. Outra evidência do baixo letramento é a preguiça de ler e
escrever nas redes e nos comunicadores; o que os usuários chamam de textos
grandes são, na verdade, considerados curtos segundo estudiosos de
analfabetismo funcional no Brasil.Data from IBOPE and INAF 2012 reveals that, in Brazil, there are approximately 14 million full illiterate adults and a little more than 35 million functional illiterate individuals. According to statistics, Brazil is the third country in the world where users spend the most time online, which more than half of this time is spent on social media. Within this framework, as more daily functions move toward text-based electronic communication, reading literacy becomes even more important for adults who are illiterate or for those with low-literacy levels. Therefore, this research sought out to answer the following question: What kind of experience low-literacy individuals have with the social media and instant messengers usage and consumption? To this end, a qualitative exploratory study was created based on individual interviews with 22 adults with incomplete elementary education. Among the results, it was possible to notice the stigmatization suffered by these individuals due to their reading limitations as well as to some of their strategies to overcome the issue, such as sending audio instead of written messages or posting photos instead of texts on social media. It can be suggested that the new forms of instant communication promote freedom to make mistakes in grammar or punctuation that are often attributed to auto correctors of mobile devices. Another evidence of low-literacy is the laziness to read and write on social media and communicators - what users believe to be big reading are actually considered short reading according to specialists on Functional Illiteracy in Brazil.
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Nardon, Nichole Diane. "The Low Literate Consumer in the Pharmacy." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36434.
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The best public policy arises out of a need to provide protection to those who cannot protect themselves in the marketplace. This paper suggests that consumers with limited literacy skills are routinely overlooked within the healthcare arena and may be in need of consumer protection policies. Low literacy is generally perceived to be a stigma, and consumers may actively work to hide this fact. Moreover, given they lack literacy skills, low literate consumers employ other coping strategies to get their needs met. Based on the analysis of secondary data, in-depth interviews with adults from literacy educational centers, and observations in pharmacies, I explore the viability of the coping strategies that low literate consumers use when buying and consuming prescription and non-prescription drugs. The results suggest that while some of the strategies are successful, other strategies may lead to harmful consequences.Master of Science
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Calles, Giraud Indira Liz. "How people become media literate and their media habits." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=4006.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 71 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-53).
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Fish, T. R., and Cynthia R. Chambers. "Enhancing Adult Literacy and Community Participation for People with IDD." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3874.
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Britton, Katherine F. "A model of employment literacy: Young people in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2009. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/158.
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This exploratory study aimed to examine the meanings of employment literacy among young people undertaking vocational education or training (VET), trainers, funding representatives and employers in Western Australia. A further objective was to develop a model of employment literacy that would inform training or educational organisations. Employment literacy incorporates the personal and social dimensions that young disadvantaged people require to secure and maintain employment. It also includes the understandings and capacity to access infonnation from a variety of sources and negotiate with a range of people in employment related settings. In-depth interviewing was the main method used so that different interpretations of employment literacy could be examined. In total ninety two interviews were undertaken. These included sixty six with young people, nine involving trainers, eight representatives of funding bodies and nine employers. The young people were interviewed on two occasions to consider the implications of the education or training . programs. Nvivo was used to assist in the analysis of the data across and between the four groups included in the study.
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GONCALVES, THAIS RODRIGUES. "COMPENSATORY CONSUMPTION OF PEOPLE WITH LOW INCOME." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20817@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROFamílias de baixa renda representam aproximadamente 53 por cento da população brasileira e vivenciam situações econômicas e sociais distintas às vivenciadas por classes mais abastadas. Seu comportamento de consumo vem ganhando mais atenção da academia e do meio empresarial. Para examinar como pessoas de diferentes extratos sociais percebem a atividade de compra, atribuindo-lhe maior ou menor valor hedônico, conduziu-se um survey a uma amostra não probabilística, composta por consumidores de baixa e de alta renda. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que há diferença, entre consumidores de baixa e alta renda, quanto ao valor hedônico atribuído à atividade de compra.
Low income families represent approximately 53 per cent of the Brazilian population and experience different social and economic situations compared with higher social classes. The consumption behavior of this segment is gaining more attention from academia and in the business environment. In order to examine how different income people assign more or less hedonic value to the shopping activity, a survey was conducted on a non-probabilistic sample of low and high income consumers. Results suggest that there are differences in relation to the hedonic value attributed to shopping activity by low-and high-income consumers.
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Keogh, Mark. "The digital divide and older workers : a social capital perspective of computer and technology literacy in the workplace /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17789.pdf.
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Fraser, Simon D. S. "Inequalities, outcomes, and health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/375497/.
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Collins, Rita. "People, Programs, and Politics: Two Case Studies of Adult Literacy Classes." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1394.
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Past research has not sufficiently addressed the question of what types of adult literacy instructional practice are recognized by participants, i.e., students and teachers, as facilitating learning in Adult Basic Education (ABE) classes. The purpose of this study was to describe instructional practices in two urban literacy programs serving low level adult readers, and to identify which practices were effective in meeting student needs. Effectiveness was measured by the ability of students to achieve learning objectives identified by themselves and the teacher, and included attendance patterns and student participation. Quantitative measures of achievement were not used as criteria since few classes utilized comparable formal assessment instruments. The process of generating grounded theory developed by Glaser and Strauss (1967) provided a suitable methodological framework for this qualitative research design that used an ethnographic approach as the format for the participatory research study. Teachers and students in six ABE classes provided data which were collected using a multi-method-plan utilizing interviews, participant observation, and documentary materials The study was structured around one primary and four secondary research questions. These questions were designed to address the various aspects of effective instructional practices in ABE classes and began by describing how teachers and students defined literacy skills and student goals, what practices were used in the classrooms, and how students perceived their learning. After this information was gathered, effective practices could be identified using the criteria elicited from teachers and students. Effective practices were found to be an interdependent process that included teacher, students, and goals within the context of the ABE classroom. The study showed that the effectiveness of discrete instructional practice was dependent on an instructional process that resulted from a teacher's choice of materials and methods accurately reflecting the attributes of students and their educational objectives. Crucial aspects of the teacher's actions were identification of primary objectives development of basic learning skills, interpersonal communication, and establishment of a supportive environment. For students, an active role within the class that included participation and self-directedness was recognized as contributing to goal achievement. Where this process was observed, there was a greater chance of students remaining in the program, actively participating in their learning, and ultimately achieving learning goals.
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Pesci, Francesca <1987>. "Literacy and Italian L2 Learning in Low Educated Adults." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3438.
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Barrett, Jeremy Christopher. "Development, implementation and evaluation of pictorial health education for low-literacy, low-resource communities." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/59106.
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Rural and remote communities often face significant challenges to maintaining their health and well-being. Existing health education materials distributed within such communities are often presented in a traditional written format, making them inaccessible to people with low literacy levels. Evidence supports an alternative approach to communicating health promotion messages using picture-based materials rather than the conventional written formats. This research assessed the effectiveness of a cartoon-based pictorial educational tool to communicate key messages about hygiene.
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Kafka, Pauline. "Low prejudiced people, their ideals, and outgroup overcompensation." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40153.
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The behavior and subsequent affect of people low in prejudice were examined in four experiments. In Study 1, 52 people evaluated two targets differing primarily in sexual orientation and then completed mood and prejudice measures. Although people high in prejudice discriminated against a homosexual target, people low and moderate in prejudice favored this target. In Study 2, 57 people were given target intellectual ability information designed to either challenge or not challenge any propensity towards the outgroup favoritism observed in Study 1. Specifically, study participants evaluated either a more qualified homosexual and a less qualified heterosexual (not challenging outgroup favoritism) or a less qualified homosexual and a more qualified heterosexual (challenging outgroup favoritism). Although low prejudiced people favored the homosexual target when he was better qualified, they were unwilling to make this same distinction when the heterosexual target was more qualified. Study 3 was designed to understand if such overcompensation results from a need to restore social justice. Study participants (n = 77) were made to believe their peers were either discriminatory, overcompensatory, or neutral towards a minority member. As expected for low prejudiced people, only by making them believe their peers overcompensate a minority group member, thereby eliminating any extant need to restore social justice, was outgroup favoritism eliminated. Finally, Study 4 assessed the extent to which the low prejudiced person's tendency to overcompensate a minority member rests on a well-internalized system of beliefs. Following a (mortality salience) manipulation designed either to engage or not engage the internalized belief system, 35 low prejudiced people completed the same procedure employed in Study 1. Results revealed increased overcompensation of a homosexual for participants whose internalized beliefs were engaged. Further, in all four studies, participants failed to man
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Craig, Myrita E. "A Trial to Understand Different Medication Dosing Instructions in Low Literate Populations." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378112300.
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Theriault, Virginie. "Literacy mediation and literacy learning in community-based organisations for young people in a situation of precarity in Québec." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2015. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/76228/.
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This thesis investigates the relations between the literacy practices used in two community-based organisations and those of the young people in a situation of precarity (aged 16 to 30) who attended their activities in Québec (Canada). These organisations supported them to find work, housing, return to education, improve their social relationships, and integrate in society, which I refer to as social and professional insertion. Drawing on the New Literacy Studies (NLS), in this study literacies are considered as social practices rather than technical skills. The thesis brings together NLS and francophone studies on literacy, and uses terms originating in French and which have no precise equivalents in English. Examples are ‘rapport à l’écrit’ and ‘situation of precarity’. The methodological approach is ethnographic, critical, and participatory. The study had two phases of data collection. In the first phase, the chosen techniques were participant observation and semi-structured interviews, and the second phase involved participatory workshops. The findings indicate that the young people had extremely rich and complex literacy practices. The literacy practices used as part of the organisations’ activities and workshops for young people were hybrid; combining school-related, digital and vernacular literacies with practices associated with counselling, work, social relationships, and relations with the state. Some young people whose education got interrupted reconciled themselves with education and school-related literacy through their participation at Le Bercail and L’Envol. With the support of the youth workers, the young people were encouraged to learn by doing, a form of learning that can be identified as apprenticeship. The literacy practices used in the organisations were not exclusively controlled by the research participants. Some sponsors of literacy (e.g. the state and institutions) were imposing various literacy demands they had to respond to. The youth workers acted as literacy mediators with regards to some of these. Literacy mediation at Le Bercail and L’Envol can be qualified as a form of ‘powerful literacies’ since it can offer an alternative to counter dominant literacies and it can support learning. A new term―literacy intermediates―is suggested to describe the kind of literacy mediation that the youth workers were doing.
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Pine, Judith M. S. "Lahu writing and writing Lahu : an inquiry into the value of literacy /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6406.
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Farber, Michael Jacob. "Organizing a Grassroots Math Literacy Campaign: The Launching of the Young People’s Project in Los Angeles." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2010. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/272.
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The purpose of this study was to delve into the emerging awareness of the social factors that contribute to the teaching and learning of mathematics by documenting the experiences of Math Literacy Workers in the Young People’s Project, as it formed its Los Angeles Chapter. Twelve high school students, three college students and one program coordinator participated in this research study.
This research study focused on a series of math literacy workshops conducted as part of an after-school program at Roosevelt Elementary School. Built upon the legacy of the Mississippi Freedom Riders, the Young People’s Project has developed an engaging program that allows participants to take direct action in transforming their communities. The design of a pedagogy rooted in the tenants of civil rights, youth leadership, civic engagement, criticalmathliteracy, situated learning theory, cultural relevance, peer-to-peer education, social empowerment, grassroots leadership, and community organizing, enabled participants to develop their identity as agents of social change. This research examined the capacity of critical literacy and the methodologies used to promote math literacy and youth leadership as aspects of the Math Literacy Workers training program.
The Math Literacy Workers training program positively impacted youth participants’ math literacy, problem solving, academic achievement, communication, organizing skills, leadership capacity, self-confidence, civic engagement, critical literacy, and self-identity. Participants described how the program allowed them to achieve praxis, through continuously reflecting on their identities and the social significance of their experiences as they took direct action as facilitators of the math literacy workshops at Roosevelt Elementary School.
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Buckner, Brenda Warren. "Against the odds : literacy success in rural, low-income families." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1290967.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the literacy-related characteristics of the family and home environment that contribute to the development of siblings who are good readers from rural, low income status families.The case study research method was used in order to gather comprehensive and in-depth information about each informant that reflected the reality of the literacy influences. The case study further aided in the investigation of the complex social unit of the family, which consisted of multiple characteristics that influenced literacy attainment. Each case was analyzed in and of itself, and then a cross case analysis was conducted.Five family-related characteristics that influenced the literacy acquisition and attainment of the siblings emerged from the data analysis. The family value for books and literacy materials, evident through the abundance of materials placed in prominent places within the homes and through the careful storage of literacy materials, was evident in each family. Both families were characterized by an enjoyment for reading and writing, evidenced by the number of books each sibling read, trips to the library, reading aloud in the home, and child created written products. Family literacy practices such as discussions about books, a homework routine, regular trips to the library, and members of the family reading to each other were characteristics present in each of the case studies. Another characteristic evident in each of the families was their value for education. Parents expected the siblings to attend college. The siblings also expected that their graduation from college would improve their socioeconomic status. Each case study was also characterized by the presence of support systems that aided in the literacy attainment of the siblings.The siblings all had a love for books and literacy materials, as well as being persistent, responsible, and accountable in their efforts to attain literacy success. The children were intrinsically motivated to be successful, not only in school, but in life. Support and encouragement for literacy development through the home and school contexts were provided by the parents. Family support systems were also fundamental to the literacy attainment of the siblings.Department of Elementary Education
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Chamberlain, Timothy. "Measuring pedestrian gait using low resolution infrared people counters." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2009. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2733.
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This thesis describes research conducted into the measure- ment of pedestrian movement. It starts with an examination of current pedestrian detection and tracking systems, looking at several different technologies including image-processing systems. It highlights, as other authors have, that there is still a substantial gap between the abilities of existing pedestrian measurement and tracking systems and the requirements of users of such systems. After the review it provides an introduction to human gait and its use as a biometric. It then examines the IRISYS people counter, a low resolution infrared detector, used for this research. The detector's advantages and disadvantages are discussed, a detailed description of the data produced is provided. The thesis then describes in detail a study establishing that human gait information can be measured by the IRISYS people counter. It examines the use of the detectors in stereo to measure the height of the people; however the results are not impressive. During this investigation the presence of oscillations likely to relate to this walking gait is noted in the data. A second study is carried out confirming that the noted oscillation originates from human gait and further data is gathered to enable the development of measurement algorithms. The magnitude of the walking oscillation noted is examined in detail. It is found to be both individualistic and highly correlated to gender. A gender distribution algorithm is presented and evaluated on data captured in two different locations. These show very promising results. Several different methods are described for processing the infor-mation to extract a measure of cadence. The cadence is found to be individualistic and shows interesting correlations to height and leg length. This thesis advances the field of pedestrian measurement by conducting pedestrian motion studies and developing algorithms for measuring human gait.
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Ho, Hoi-cheung. "The housing problems of low-income singletons and the possible solutions." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23339573.
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Thomas, Donja J. "FreeDumb Fighting: The Literacy and Liberation of Young People through African American Voice." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1497874057228665.
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Miranda, Christine. "Health Literacy and Health Decision Making Attitudes in People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1791.
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Health literacy has been recognized as a vital issue in the self-care management of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of functional, communicative, and critical health literacy dimensions on positive and negative attitudes toward health decision making. The transtheoretical model of health behavior change (TTM) provided the theoretical framework to explain this association. A culturally-adapted survey was used in this cross-sectional study to measure health literacy dimensions, positive and negatives attitudes toward health decision making, and other factors in 100 Puerto Ricans living with HIV/AIDS. Demographic factors and clinical and immunological variables were obtained from the HIV/AIDS Registry database. Bivariate analyses were conducted to determine associations and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the extent to which health literacy and other factors, while controlling for demographic characteristics, disease duration, and stage of readiness, predicted positive and negative attitudes toward health decision making. Results revealed that Puerto Ricans living with HIV/AIDS with higher health literacy scores are more likely to have positive attitudes toward health decision making. HIV/AIDS disease-specific knowledge and self-report HIV medication adherence showed statistical significance for functional and critical health literacy. Social change implications included the identification of limited health literacy as a potential barrier for an active participation in health decision making. The development of interventions directed to increase health literacy skills to improve HIV medication adherence and disease management are needed.
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Grissom, Donita. "Hope and Low Level Literacy of Haitians in Petit-Goave: Implications for Hope Theory and Adult Literacy Education." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6281.
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This cross-sectional study extended Snyder's Hope Theory (1991) by analyzing the difference in trait hope levels, pathway thinking, and agency thinking of pre-literate (no prior access to literacy) and non-literate (access to literacy, but little or no prior literacy education) Haitian adults. The data were derived from archival records of 135 students enrolled in Haitian-Kreyol adult literacy classes in Petit-Goave, Haiti. Mann-Whitney U results indicated that there were no significant differences in trait hope, pathway thinking, or agency thinking between the pre-literate and non-literate Haitian adults. Both groups reported average trait hope, average pathway thinking, and low agency thinking. Potential implications for adult literacy program and curriculum developers, evaluators, and teachers are discussed.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Education and Human Performance
Education; TESOL Track
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Hutchison, Lindsey A. "Home and preschool literacy environments of children from low-income, linguistically diverse families relations with early literacy outcomes /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3415.
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Thesis (M.A.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 105. Thesis director: Adam Winsler. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 17, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-104). Also issued in print.
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Johnson, Andrew Charles. "Adult literacy and people with learning difficulties : an analysis of the effects of educational policy on adult literacy in further education." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369466.
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Stowe, Ramona. "Home literacy experiences of low-income, urban, Mexican American kindergarten students." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/461.
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Means, Vivian Fowler. "Improving Literacy for Diverse Low Socio-Economic Status Middle School Students." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4312.
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In an urban district, Surfside School personnel were concerned that student literacy proficiency levels were low during 2011-2014 and teachers had not been able to close the achievement gap despite a focus on literacy practices and literacy professional development (PD) provided by the district. The purpose of this case study was to explore the perceptions of teachers and administrators in relation to the best instructional practices for increasing self-efficacy when teaching literacy skills and related literacy PD for teachers. Knowles' andragogy theory and Vygotsky's social learning theory formed the theoretical foundation of this study, which hold that PD should provide teachers with explicit instruction and opportunities for collaboration. The research questions focused on how PD helps teachers improve instructional practices. The purposeful sample consisted of 4 middle school teachers and 3 administrators and was collected through surveys, observations, semi-structured interviews, and archival documents. Data analysis consisted of an inductive approach of axial coding and categorizing the interview and observational data to derive themes. Themes supporting the findings indicated targeted PD and instructional coaching (IC) focused on evidence based literacy practices for low-income students using culturally relevant pedagogy were needed to improve teacher self-efficacy and student learning. Findings also indicated that the PD trainings could work more effectively if the teachers had more time to collaborate with the IC. Thus, the resulting project provides collaborative PD and IC targeting literacy practices using culturally relevant pedagogy. Teacher use of these practices will promote social change by improving the students' literacy support in the target district.
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Lothian, Trudy (Trudy M. ). 1963 Carleton University Dissertation Linguistics and Applied Language Studies. "Older adults, literacy and social networks; a qualitative inquiry into lives of two older women." Ottawa.:, 1996.
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Phillips, Dean. "Low back position awareness in people with and without recurrent non-specific low back pain." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/low-back-position-awareness-in-people-with-and-without-recurrent-nonspecific-low-back-pain(d807110d-3948-4d40-a8b6-4dcfb10b25d2).html.
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This thesis investigates position awareness of the low back, measured using an electrogoniometer, in participants with and without recurrent non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). The ability to appreciate body position and movement makes an essential contribution to control of posture and functional movement. Pain may impair this awareness and initiate or exacerbate joint damage. Impairment of position awareness in the low back has been reported in patients with chronic low back pain. In addition, work-related activities may impair positional awareness, particularly in people experiencing LBP. The accuracy, stability and through range test-retest reliability of the electrogoniometer was assessed. It was found to be a reliable measure of degrees during movement in the sagittal plane between 0 to +/- 60 degrees, when compared to measurements using a calibrated, highly accurate, bevel protractor (mean error differences below 0.5 degrees for all tests). Low back position awareness was measured before and after a shift of work, in sitting and standing, in 61 people with recurrent NSLBP and 40 without a history of LBP. In addition, secondary analysis investigated the effect of occupation (manual workers, sedentary workers, drivers) on position sense. Low back position awareness was also measured in 50 people with recurrent NSLBP and 50 without a history of LBP during mid-range of sagittal plane movement of the low back in sitting; and when trying to return to a "good" sitting posture. There were no differences between participants with and without recurrent NSLBP in repositioning accuracy of the low back during any of the studies. When investigating the effect of occupation however, only sedentary workers achieved the power required for analysis. People with LBP positioned their "good" sitting posture significantly closer to end-range of low back extension, than people without LBP (12.47 SD8.46, v’s 16.51 SD9.41 degrees respectively; P=0.026). Recurrent NSLBP and sedentary work-related activities did not affect accuracy of position awareness in the low back. In people with recurrent NSLBP however, the position of their "good" sitting posture closer to end-range low back extension could lead to greater compressive loading of pain-sensitive spinal tissue, as well as increases in facet joint forces and shear forces on discs. These mechanisms may be aetiologic in the recurrence and maintenance of LBP. This finding may have implications for clinical practice, with consideration perhaps given to assessing the position of "good" sitting posture and its relationship to end-range in patients with LBP. Future research should investigate this further in larger populations of people with and without LBP, including specific sub-groups of LBP.
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Mareschal, Claire de. "Français de France et français des Antilles à l'époque coloniale : étude de particularismes phonétiques, grammaticaux et lexicaux relevés dans les Prize Papers (1665-1793)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL144.
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Des études portant sur le français des 17e et 18e siècles se dégage généralement une vision unitariste d'un français classique qui correspond à la langue écrite des grands auteurs. Or, de plus en plus, l'attention des chercheurs s'est tournée vers des sources documentaires susceptibles de révéler toute l'étendue des phénomènes variationnels qui caractérisent l'histoire de la langue. Une source non-littéraire a récemment fait l'objet d'un regain d'intérêt de la part des linguistes : le fonds français des Prize Papers, constitué de documents saisis par les corsaires anglais sur les bateaux français qu'ils avaient capturés, pour servir de preuve lors du procès déterminant si le navire vaincu était de bonne prise, c'est-à-dire capturé légalement. Comme ces navires transportaient le courrier échangé entre les Français installés aux Antilles et leur cercle familial et social demeuré en métropole, ces documents, conservés aux National Archives de Londres, sont en grande partie de nature épistolaire. La plupart furent rédigés par des scripteurs peu-lettrés, laissant apparaître diverses variantes d'ordre diatopique, diachronique ou diastratique, dont les attestations permettent de mieux connaître l'état du français tel qu'il était réellement pratiqué aux 17e et 18e siècles. Si les scripteurs sont bien soumis à la pression de la norme, comme en atteste le caractère souvent formulaire des lettres échangées, du moins la maîtrisent-ils imparfaitement. En particulier, l'étude de ce fonds participe à la reconstruction de ce que devait être le français colonial qui fut la base (l'input des créolistes) du français actuellement parlé aux Antilles et des créoles antillais à base françaiseStudies on 17th‑ and 18th‑century French generally give rise to an unitarist vision of a classical French based on the written language of a few great authors. However, researchers are more and more turning their attention to documentary sources that can reveal the full extent of the variational phenomena that characterize the history of the language. A non-literary source has recently attracted renewed interest from linguists: the French Prize Papers fund, i.e. documents seized by the English privateers on captured French ships, to be used as evidence during the trial determining whether they were taken legally or not. As these ships carried the mail exchanged between the French people settled in the West Indies and their Metropolitan relatives and connexions back home in Metropolitan France, these documents, held by the National Archives in London, are mainly letters. Most of them were written by writers with low literacy, revealing a variety of diatopic, diachronic and diastratic variants of phonetic, morphosyntactic or lexical nature. Although writers are indeed subject to the pressure of standards, as can be seen from the formulaic nature of the letters, at least they have an imperfect command of them; these attestations therefore provide a better understanding of the state of French as it was actually practised at the time. Furthermore, the study of the Prize Papers contributes to the reconstruction of what must have been colonial French, which was the origin of the French currently spoken in the West Indies, and was the input of French-based Antillean creoles
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Jessa, Zahra. "Improving the detection of correctable low vision in older people." Thesis, City University London, 2009. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/12443/.
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In the UK, 20-50% of older people have undetected reduced vision and in most of these cases the poor vision can be readily corrected by new spectacles and/or cataract surgery. It is often assumed that older people with vision loss will have regular eye examinations so that these problems can be detected, but for many older people this assumption is wrong. One approach to improving the take-up of eyecare services is to carry out vision screening of older people in the community to raise awareness of the need for professional eyecare. The present study aimed to investigate which tests would be most appropriate to screen for correctable visual loss in the older population and to incorporate these tests in a screening tool that would be effective yet simple to administer. The present research sought to investigate whether computerised techniques would be an effective method to screen vision in older people. In Study 1, a computerised vision screener was used to test 180 older people in South London. All participants also received a full, ‘gold standard’, eye examination. Significant cataract was present in 32%, correctable refractive error in 39%, and overall 58% had at least one of these forms of correctable visual problems. The computerised vision screener was able to detect these conditions in about 80% of cases. In Study 2, 200 participants were screened using a revised version of the computerised vision screener. A new flipchart vision screener including the main tests from the computer vision screener was also investigated. 31% of participants in Study 2 had significant cataracts, 30% had correctable refractive errors, and 51% had at least one of these conditions. The computer screener and flipchart tool were both good at detecting significant cataract and refractive errors. About 80% of cases of visual loss due to these problems or due to AMD could be detected with either of the screening tools. Using a pragmatic operational criterion, the screening tools detect about 94% of cases who might be considered by an optometrist to be in need of an eye examination (either overdue or reduced visual acuity). Glaucoma is a difficult disease to diagnose and it was found, as expected, that neither screening instrument was very good at detecting glaucoma. The results showed that the best single test to use for screening of visual loss is HCVA which provides both a high sensitivity (77%) and specificity (73%). Greater sensitivity (80%) is achieved when high contract acuity, low contrast acuity and near acuity are used in combination. Greater specificity (77%) can be achieved by using low contrast acuity alone. It is concluded that vision screening does not replace the need for professional eyecare, but acts as a tool to better inform the public of the need for regular eyecare.
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Christensen, Clare Karen. "Waiting for certainty : young people, mobile phones and uncertain science." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16588/1/Clare_Karen_Christensen_Thesis.pdf.
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This dissertation is an empirical study of the scientific literacy of 28 young adults (aged 18-26 years) in the context of their decision making about the health risks of mobile phones. The issue of possible health effects is one of a number of socioscientific issues now confronting adults in the 'knowledge/risk' society where scientific knowledge plays an increasingly significant role in people's lives. The focus of interest is the young people's responses to the uncertain science of 'science in the making' (Latour, 1987) and their positioning of this scientific knowledge in their risk assessments.
The study is based on an interactive model of the public understanding of science and applies a critical realist and moderate social constructionist methodology. Data construction included focus groups and semi-structured individual interviews. The stimulus for discussion in the focus groups was a recent television news report presenting contradictory scientific research findings about whether mobile phones pose significant health risks. In the individual interviews understanding of the nature of science and risk judgments were explored.
Data analysis involved a coding of the discourse in terms of themes and issues and interpretation of these in terms of the theoretical framework of the thesis. A major finding was that these young people interpreted the uncertainty of the scientific knowledge mainly in social terms and with limited understanding of the role of theory in interpreting data. They talked spontaneously of risk but did not draw on scientific knowledge or risk estimates in their judgment about mobile phone safety.
Findings have important implications for science education and suggest a broadened conception of scientific literacy which includes critical dimensions and risk literacy. It is argued that this functional scientific literacy is essential for effective citizenship in contemporary society.
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Christensen, Clare Karen. "Waiting for Certainty: young people, mobile phones and uncertain science." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16588/.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is an empirical study of the scientific literacy of 28 young adults (aged 18-26 years) in the context of their decision making about the health risks of mobile phones. The issue of possible health effects is one of a number of socioscientific issues now confronting adults in the 'knowledge/risk' society where scientific knowledge plays an increasingly significant role in people's lives. The focus of interest is the young people's responses to the uncertain science of 'science in the making' (Latour, 1987) and their positioning of this scientific knowledge in their risk assessments. The study is based on an interactive model of the public understanding of science and applies a critical realist and moderate social constructionist methodology. Data construction included focus groups and semi-structured individual interviews. The stimulus for discussion in the focus groups was a recent television news report presenting contradictory scientific research findings about whether mobile phones pose significant health risks. In the individual interviews understanding of the nature of science and risk judgments were explored. Data analysis involved a coding of the discourse in terms of themes and issues and interpretation of these in terms of the theoretical framework of the thesis. A major finding was that these young people interpreted the uncertainty of the scientific knowledge mainly in social terms and with limited understanding of the role of theory in interpreting data. They talked spontaneously of risk but did not draw on scientific knowledge or risk estimates in their judgment about mobile phone safety. Findings have important implications for science education and suggest a broadened conception of scientific literacy which includes critical dimensions and risk literacy. It is argued that this functional scientific literacy is essential for effective citizenship in contemporary society.
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Schutte, Henriëtte. "The development of early literacy skills among a group of urban Sepedi-speaking children." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01312006-113635.
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Hemmer, Audrey C. B. S. "Reliability of the Food Literacy Assessment Tool (FLAT) in Low-Income Adults." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592133854861655.
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Paqueo, Mariefel Casino. "Low Health Literacy and Preoperative Instruction Compliance Among Patients Undergoing Surgical Procedures." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4318.
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In addition to cancelations and delays of needed surgical procedures, serious or fatal complications can occur when patients with low health literacy do not comply with preoperative instructions. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to provide more insight about ways to decrease on cancelled and delayed surgical procedures in low health literacy patients' due to noncompliance with preoperative fasting instructions. The project was informed by the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance model (King, D. K., Glasgow, R. E., and Leeman-Castillo, B. (2010). The project question centered on whether health literate preoperative fasting instructions could decrease cancellations and delays of surgical procedures in low health literate patients. The project setting was conducted at a doctor's office. Interventions and changes to the preoperative instruction sheet were evaluated by using the preoperative communication checklist (POCC) which was developed for this project study. A 3-month pre-post POCC intervention design was used to evaluate changes in the numbers of cancelled and delayed surgical cases among 30 low health literate patients at a local community physician's office. The Newest Vital Sign which is a health literacy skill level assessment tool developed by Pfizer (2012), was used to assess patient health literacy. 30 (13 women and 17 men) who were aged 17-75 were enrolled. Pre-intervention, the and cancellation rate was 16.67%. Post intervention, there was a zero percent cancellation rate. This project has potential to produce positive social change by empowering patients with health literacy instructions for better understanding of what is being asked of them when having surgical procedures. This knowledge may result in better patient outcomes.
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Johnston, Nicklett Johnston. "The Effect of Health Literacy in Low Estimated Glomerular Filtration and Diabetes." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3895.
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Health literacy is widespread, but its potential is not recognized. By not recognizing health literacy, patients have the burden of coping with diabetes with renal complications without full knowledge of their responsibility to their health. The focus of the project was to assess participants with diabetes with low health literacy and low mean glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The project goal was achieved by the assessment of the participants' health literacy and eGFR before and after education for their diabetes, then assessed to determine if teaching the participants would improve their health literacy, lab values, and overall health. Participants were recruited by being patients of the designated clinic and screened for diabetes and low eGFR, for a total of 30 participants. The Brief Health Literacy Screen was used to measure health literacy. The health of the participants was appraised by the laboratory values of eGFR and fasting glucose. The project methodology was an observational design using correlation and 2-sample t analysis with the variables eGFR, fasting glucose, and health literacy. The variables were compared before and after the participants' education. Results showed health literacy with patient education was associated with greater patient self-efficacy and improved fasting glucose numbers, eGFR flows, and health literacy scores. The current health climate shows value in different types of health providers. Social change was defined by the project launching a nurse practitioner as the leader for advancing the treatment plans of chronic kidney disease. This project impacts social change by showing patients in the process of improved health and empowering the patients to be advocates of their own health.
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Muscat, Danielle. "Supporting adults with lower literacy to engage in decisions about their health: Taking a health literacy approach." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17743.
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Background: There are widespread calls for shared decision-making in healthcare among all sectors of the community. However, to date, there has been little attempt to address this in lower literacy populations. Aim: To investigate ways to train adults with lower literacy to be involved in decision-making about their treatment or care using an asset-based health literacy approach. Methods: Formative and summative evaluation of a novel shared decision-making training program designed for adults with lower literacy and delivered in Australian adult basic education settings. The program was evaluated using a matched cluster-randomised controlled trial with two qualitative sub-studies. Results: A total of 308 participants from 28 adult education classes were enrolled in the program. The majority of participants had limited health literacy and spoke a language other than English at home. The shared decision-making training program served two key functions; (i) it stimulated awareness among participants that patients have the right to be involved in decision-making concerning their treatment and care, (ii) it developed understanding and skills (numerical risk; shared decision-making terminology) for question-asking and decision-making. The content of the shared decision-making program was acceptable to learners and teachers, with teachers noting congruence in shared decision-making content and the institutional commitment to learner empowerment in adult education. Discussion: This thesis provides the first evidence of the potential impact shared decision-making training can have for adults with lower literacy, indicating that rigorously-developed, asset-based health literacy programs can facilitate knowledge and skill development and question-asking, and elucidate the right consumers have to be involved in decision-making.
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Kanwal, Nadia. "Low-level image features and navigation systems for visually impaired people." Thesis, University of Essex, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605555.
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This thesis is concerned with the development of a computer-aided autonomous navigation system for a visually-impaired person. The system is intended to work in both indoor and outdoor locations and is based around the use of camera systems and computer vision. Following a review of the literature to identify previous work in navigation systems for the blind, the location of accurate image features is shown to be a vital importance for a vision based navigation system. There are many operators that identify image features and it is shown that existing methods for identifying which has the best performance are inconsistent. A statistically valid evaluation and comparison methodology is established, centered around the use of McNemar's test and ANOVA. It is shown that these statistical tests require a larger number of test images than is commonly used in the literature to establish which feature operators perform best. A ranking of feature operators is produced based on this rigorous statistical approach and compared with similar rankings in the literature. Corner detectors are especially useful for a navigation system because they identify the boundaries of obstacles. However, the results from our testing suggest that the internal angle of a corner is one factor in determining whether a corner is detected correctly. Hence an in-depth study of angular sensitivity of corners is presented. This leads to the development of a pair of descriptors, known as CMIE and AMIE, which describe corners. Experiments show that these descriptors are able to be computed at video rate and are effective at matching corners in successive frames of video sequences. Finally, a complete navigation system is presented. This makes use of both a conventional colour camera and a depth sensor combined in a device known as the Microsoft Kinect. It is shown that the system performs robustly in both indoor and outdoor environments, giving audio feedback to the user when an obstacle is detected. Audio instructions for obstacle avoidance are also given. Testing of the system by both blindfolded and blind users demonstrates its effectiveness.
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Wilson, Iseult M. "An exploration of low back pain in people with a stoma." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535145.
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Diaz, Ruiz Claudia E. (Claudia Esperanza). "Formal informal sector responses for housing low-income people in Colombia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65696.
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Blizniuk, Viktoryia. "Health literacy among young people in Sweden : Qualitative study of the school-based health education." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-39875.
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The basic components of the health literacy are ability to get access to the health-related informationand understand it. For the young people the most appropriate source of information, including abouthealth, is school. Studies on health education showed that there are some problematic issues in thehealth education in the schools in Sweden which result in non-application of the knowledge by thestudents.Thus, the aim of this study was to explore and analyze school-based health education in Sweden fromthe youth perspective. The purpose of the study was to indicate the best practices of health educationwithin schools in Sweden and reveal the most problematic fields and gaps in it from the point of viewof the youth.Qualitative research was conducted for exploring the research problem. Therefor semi-structuredinterviews were held with young people aged 18-25 having studied in the schools in Sweden. The datawas analyzed within social learning theory with application of thematic analysis methodology. Besides,literature and previous researches review has been conducted as a background study.In the result of this research it was revealed that although young people are satisfied with the resultsof the health classes and show trust to the school as a source of information, some information lacksin the health education, e.g. mental health education. Besides, some issues have been noticed as to theschool environment around health education which can impede application of the health knowledge.
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Cox, Annmaree. "The impact of literacy on Aboriginal people who have contact with the criminal justice system." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2024. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2840.
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Australia’s over-representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the criminal justice system (CJS) affects the individuals involved, their families, the communities to which they belong, as well as the national economy. In proportion to overall population, Western Australia has been identified as the Australian state or territory with the highest representation of incarcerated Aboriginal people. Low levels of literacy have also been directly linked to high levels of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander imprisonment. The purpose of this research was to investigate how levels of literacy shape Aboriginal peoples’ perspectives and experiences with the CJS. It also sought recommendations from participants on how literacy could be improved so that the CJS could better interact with Aboriginal people. Perspectives, experiences, and recommendations of Western Australian Aboriginal people living in remote areas of the Kimberley and the Goldfields were sought through yarning. In addition, legal representatives who represent Aboriginal people and have experience working with Aboriginal offenders provided their perspectives, experiences, and recommendations through semi-structured interviews. A theoretical framework that is Aboriginal, decolonising methodology and researcher centred Aboriginal values and protocols, were applied. Breaking down barriers between the non-Aboriginal researcher and participants was at the forefront of the project, with local Aboriginal people as research advisors, providing assistance with language and participant invitations.
Perspectives, experiences, and recommendations from this research demonstrate that literacy challenges are multiplicative. Compensatory measures with literacy challenges were often evident during the study. However, to genuinely address literacy related issues, a better understanding of the relationships between language, power and knowledge emerged as a major finding. Furthermore, education is linked to language competence, which is also linked with social capital and participation in the knowledge economy. Finally, a reflexive approach is advocated, whereby Aboriginal Elders, communities and government systems work together towards a hybrid system of law. This outcome has the potential to address the power imbalance resultant from the complex relationships between language, culture, knowledge, and power.
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Wittwer, Kristin. "Teaching computer literacy for visually impaired students in higher education." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834646.
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People with vision impairments are under-represented in the workforce, largely due to discrimination. Also, in order to be qualified for most types of employment, people will need to be computer-literate in the future. Therefore, teaching computer literacy is an important part of postsecondary education. Particularly the availability of adaptive computer equipment and improvements in legislation prepare the ground for a computer-literate visually impaired person to achieve equality and become an integral part of the workforce.This thesis addresses the issues involved in teaching computer literacy for visually impaired students. It introduces several examples of computer literacy courses at institutions of post-secondary education, as well as discusses the CS 104 course designed and taught by Dr. Roy L. McCormick for visually impaired students at Ball State University.Department of Computer Science
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Easton, Phyllis. "Exploring the pathways to poor health in the 'hidden population' with low literacy." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2011. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/b87ea302-9fdb-4cdf-9243-4d70b1991a4d.
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Low literacy remains a problem across the developed world. Health literacy has emerged as a specialist literacy, although its conceptualisation and measurement overlap with those of functional literacy. The social practice view, which conceptualises literacy as an activity rather than a skill, is useful in examining literacy-related practices and demands in healthcare contexts. Associations between low functional or health literacy and poorer health outcomes have been established in the research literature but studies have included participants whose low literacy may be obvious to healthcare providers and others. This thesis presents first a systematic review that focuses on literacy and health outcomes in the ‘hidden population’ with low literacy, defined as those of working age whose first language is that of their resident country but who score low on literacy measures. The review concludes that there is a link between low literacy and poorer health in this ‘hidden population’ but that potential pathways have not been explored to any extent. The thesis then presents a primary research study which sought to explore links between low literacy and poor health from the perspectives of people with low literacy; and how the health service might respond to address the issues raised. The findings from 25 in-depth interviews and 2 focus groups with adult learners highlighted the various ways that people with low literacy struggle with written and spoken communication in clinical encounters and in self-care activities. They further revealed that stigma frequently plays a central role in the social practices of those with low literacy, affecting their mental wellbeing and social relationships, including those with healthcare staff. The potential solutions identified for service providers would benefit from piloting and evaluation to help create a literacy-sensitive health service, which could improve engagement; enable self-care and enhance capabilities for health in those with low literacy.
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Adkins, Natalie Ross. "Low Literate Consumers in a Literate Marketplace: Exploring Consumer Literacy and Its Impact." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30005.
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Each day in the United States, millions of adult consumers possessing traditional literacy skills below an eighth grade reading level enter a marketplace packed with written messages. This research offers the first in-depth, systematic investigation exploring the impact of low literacy skills within the marketplace and the methods consumers utilize to cope with literacy deficits. Based on the body of literature on stigma theory (Goffman 1963), previous work suggested coping strategies to result as a mechanism to protect the consumers' feelings of self-worth. This research identifies seven categories of coping strategies. The data collected show that coping strategies are not only used to protect the consumers' self-esteem but also to facilitate problem-solving tasks within the marketplace. In several cases, informants reveal their successes in getting marketplace needs met. Thus, a new conceptualization of the consumer literacy construct is offered to consist of traditional literacy skills, coping strategies or surrogate literacy skills, and specialized knowledge of the marketplace environment.
Applying Link and Phelan's (2001) reconceptualization of the stigma concept to the data yields a richer understanding of the stigmatization process and consequences within the marketplace. Rather than passively accept the role of low literate, this research offers a perspective of the low literate consumer as an active challenger to the stereotypes that lead to negative evaluations and stigmatization. Implications of these findings for public policymakers, academicians, and members of the business community, as well as future researcher opportunities are discussed.
The Association for Consumer Research (http://www.acrweb.org), the Society for Consumer Psychology (http://fisher.osu.edu/mkt/scp/), and the Sheth Foundation provided financial support for this research in the form of dissertation grants.Ph. D.
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Farrington-Lynch, Valisa. "Learning Strategies and Coping Mechanisms of Older Adults with Low-Level Literacy Skills." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89430.
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Limited literacy remains a prevailing issue among older adult populations. This qualitative study sought to answer the following research questions: How do older adults with limited literacy skills navigate and learn to navigate their daily lives in an advanced literate community such as the United States? What types of informal learning strategies and coping mechanisms have been used by these adults, and what perceived barriers and hindrances have participants faced and are facing in their lives? The study included the interviews, data collection and analysis of five women and two men, ages 67-87, two of whose activities also were observed by the researcher. The objective was to investigate their informal learning strategies and coping mechanisms within their current living environment.
A thematic analysis of the seven narrative 'life stories' resulted in the emergence of four themes, which represented how these adults with limited literacy skills learned to navigate their daily lives and use informal learning strategies and coping mechanisms to survive in a changing environment: (a) Family support (or lack thereof), (b) social networks, (c) desired GED Program engagement, (d) self-directed gained knowledge.
The study concluded that although none of the participants received a high school diploma, all successfully obtained employment and navigated their daily lives by incorporating various strategies. Likewise, given their implementation of self-directed learning strategies (Ausubel, 2000; Knowles, 1990; McClusky, 1974; Tough, 1982), participants viewed some of the dispositional, institutional, and situational obstacles (Cross, 1982), not as barriers, but as navigable and surmountable challenges.
Implications of the study suggested limited literacy adults relied upon family support, social networks and self-direction to pursue knowledge and conceal limited literacy. They gained confidence and developed coping mechanisms to navigate daily activities, circumvent barriers and function in an advanced literate society.
Future professional practice recommendations included incorporating ABE/GED programs at adult living facilities/community centers; invalidating false assumptions regarding limited literacy older adults; volunteering time and building trust with these adults; and validating their current and desired needs. Research recommendations included investigating limited literacy adult capabilities; shadowing their navigation; conducting similar studies in other U.S. regions; and investigating comparative life-span research.Ph.D.