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1
Hsu, Ching-Fen, and Pei Lv. "Emotion Priming in People with Williams Syndrome." Brain Sciences 13, no. 3 (March 9, 2023): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13030467.
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Emotion categories configure the basic semantic knowledge of the human cognitive structure. Previous studies with people with Williams syndrome (WS) investigated their ability to process basic emotions and the dimensions of emotional valences. However, little is known about the categorization of emotions from the subordinate perspective of lexical words in people with WS. In this study, emotion priming was used as the research paradigm. Three types of emotional valence were used as stimuli: positive, neutral, and negative. Each emotional valence was used as a prime matched to a target in one of these same three types of emotional valence. All participants were asked to judge whether the prime and the target were matched in their emotional valence. People with WS (n = 14, 11M/3F, CA = 10.49, and MA = 6.57) showed priming patterns for emotion valences like those of the typically developing controls. When positive primes were presented, accuracy was higher for positive and negative targets than neutral targets. When neutral primes were presented, accuracy was highest for negative targets. When negative primes were presented, accuracy was the lowest for negative targets. All participants showed high priming accuracy for positive emotions; however, they confused neutral with positive targets. A negative priming effect was observed when negative primes preceded negative targets. Considering previous findings that people with WS show developmental delays in the basic emotions of anger and surprise, this study concludes that people with WS responded least accurately to the classification of emotional valence. The findings regarding the categorization of emotions in people with WS not only advance our understanding of their emotion knowledge and socioemotional cognition but also confirm the superficial enrichment of lexical semantics with weak conceptual change in people with WS. This weakness may result in impaired contextual integration in people with WS.
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SCRUTTON, ANASTASIA. "Living like common people: emotion, will, and divine passibility." Religious Studies 45, no. 4 (July 23, 2009): 373–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412509990035.
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AbstractThis paper explores the perennial objection to passibilism (conceived as susceptibility to or capacity for emotion) that an omnipotent being could not experience emotions because emotions are essentially passive and outside the subject's control. Examining this claim through the lens of some recent philosophy of emotion, I highlight some of the ways in which emotions can be chosen and cultivated, suggesting that emotions are not incompatible with divine omnipotence. Having concluded that divine omnipotence does not exclude emotional experience in general, I go on to address an objection to the idea that God experiences the emotions involved in suffering in particular, suggesting one possible way of arguing that God's suffering is chosen while also maintaining the authenticity of divine suffering.
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Berlibayeva, M. "Basic techniques and methods of developing emotional intelligence in preschool children." Pedagogy and Psychology 46, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-1.2077-6861.24.
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This article is devoted to the disclosure of the basic techniques and techniques for the development of emotional intelligence in preschool children. The work substantiates the need for the development of emotional intelligence in preschool children, its importance for the successful socialization of the child's personality. The author notes that the emotional intelligence of preschool children is a type of intelligence responsible for the child's recognition of his own emotions and the emotions of the people around him, as well as for controlling, managing his emotions and for influencing the emotions of other people. According to the author, at present, the number of preschool children with emotional instability has increased: aggressive, angry, conflict, which is why it is necessary to develop emotional intelligence at this age, but, unfortunately, many educators and parents do not pay due attention to this issue. Emotional intelligence is not an innate personality trait; the development of emotional intelligence is carried out in stages. At the first stage, emotion is perceived – this is the child's recognition of his emotions and the emotions of other people. At the second stage – understanding emotion – the ability to determine the reasons for the appearance of a particular emotion in oneself and in the people around him, establishing a connection between emotions and thoughts. At the third stage – managing emotions – the ability to suppress emotions, awaken and direct own and others' emotions to achieve goals. At the fourth stage – using emotions to stimulate thinking – awakening creativity in oneself, activating the brain with the help of one's own emotions. The article discusses various techniques and techniques for the development of emotional intelligence in preschool children.
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Thornton, Mark A., and Diana I. Tamir. "Mental models accurately predict emotion transitions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 23 (May 22, 2017): 5982–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616056114.
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Successful social interactions depend on people’s ability to predict others’ future actions and emotions. People possess many mechanisms for perceiving others’ current emotional states, but how might they use this information to predict others’ future states? We hypothesized that people might capitalize on an overlooked aspect of affective experience: current emotions predict future emotions. By attending to regularities in emotion transitions, perceivers might develop accurate mental models of others’ emotional dynamics. People could then use these mental models of emotion transitions to predict others’ future emotions from currently observable emotions. To test this hypothesis, studies 1–3 used data from three extant experience-sampling datasets to establish the actual rates of emotional transitions. We then collected three parallel datasets in which participants rated the transition likelihoods between the same set of emotions. Participants’ ratings of emotion transitions predicted others’ experienced transitional likelihoods with high accuracy. Study 4 demonstrated that four conceptual dimensions of mental state representation—valence, social impact, rationality, and human mind—inform participants’ mental models. Study 5 used 2 million emotion reports on the Experience Project to replicate both of these findings: again people reported accurate models of emotion transitions, and these models were informed by the same four conceptual dimensions. Importantly, neither these conceptual dimensions nor holistic similarity could fully explain participants’ accuracy, suggesting that their mental models contain accurate information about emotion dynamics above and beyond what might be predicted by static emotion knowledge alone.
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Lekavičienė, Rosita, and Dalia Antinienė. "CORRELATION BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF YOUNG PEOPLE AND THEIR ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT: EMPIRICAL PROOF." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 2, no. 97 (2015): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v2i97.82.
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Background. A scientific problem concerning factors which are important for academic achievement of students is analysed in the paper. Questions whether emotional intelligence level is related to academic achievement and whether correlation between academic achievement in a specific area (science, languages) and EI expression exists, whether emotional intelligence of young people with low education differs from that of young people with higher education, etc. are raised. Methods. Research participants were 1430 students aged between 17 and 27 years. The survey was performed using EI-DARL V2 test. The following factors were assessed: “Perception of one’s own emotions”; “Control of one’s own emotions”; “Perception of emotions of other people”; “Control of emotions of other people”, and “Manipulations”. Also, such aspects as ability of recognizing emotions in facial pictures and ability of emotional situation solving were assessed. Results. The combined EI scale scores in all factors were the highest of those subjects who are or were excellent students, the lowest – of those who were poor students. Those subjects who were equally poor both at languages and sciences were the least capable of perception of their own emotions and those of others people, they also were the least capable of controlling their own emotions. Highly educated young people were of higher emotional intelligence. Furthermore, emotional situation solving and emotion recognition in pictures was better in the group of highly educated students. Conclusion. Positive correlation between academic achievement and emotional intelligence was established. Mathematics and language skills proved to be significant indexes of emotional intelligence: it was established that those subjects who were more successful in sciences were the best at understanding and controlling their own emotions, while individuals who were better in languages were more efficient in understanding and controlling emotions of other people.
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Lee, Eunji, and Euna Kwon. "Do People Prefer Someone Who Is More Aware of Their Emotions?" Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 1073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.10.44.10.1073.
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The purpose of this study is to examine how the other person perceives empathy and liking according to how the other person evaluates my emotions (overestimated or underestimated), and how these effects are changed by types of emotion. Data from the responses of 150 college students, 25 for each 6 experimental conditions, were included in the analysis (male: 63, female: 87). The independent variables were emotional estimation (3 levels: excessive, accurate, underestimated) and emotional type (2 levels: desirable, undesirable), the dependent variables are perceived empathy and liking. As a result of two-way ANOVA, the interaction effect of emotion estimation and emotion type was significant in both dependent variables. Under desirable emotional conditions, perceived empathy and liking were higher as emotions were overestimated. In the undesirable emotional condition, the perceived empathy was higher in the accurate and the overestimation condition than in the underestimate condition, and there was no difference in liking according to the emotional estimation.
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Angel-Fernandez, Julian M., and Andrea Bonarini. "Robots Showing Emotions." Interaction Studies 17, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 408–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.17.3.06ang.
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Abstract Robots should be able to represent emotional states to interact with people as social agents. There are cases where robots cannot have bio-inspired bodies, for instance because the task to be performed requires a special shape, as in the case of home cleaners, package carriers, and many others. In these cases, emotional states have to be represented by exploiting movements of the body. In this paper, we present a set of case studies aimed at identifying specific values to convey emotion trough changes in linear and angular velocities, which might be applied on different non-anthropomorphic bodies. This work originates from some of the most considered emotion expression theories and from emotion coding for people. We show that people can recognize some emotional expressions better than others, and we propose some directions to express emotions exploiting only bio-neutral movement.
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Jin, Xiaoyun. "Analysis of Emotional Color Representation in Oil Painting Based on Deep Learning Model Evaluation." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (July 14, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6238930.
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When an artist creates an oil painting, it is rich in emotion. Color is the main way to express emotion in oil painting. As far as the art field is concerned, color is an objective phenomenon that people can really feel its unique richness and brilliance, and different people will have different emotions when facing the same picture. Color itself is not emotional, but people have different psychological feelings by looking at different colors. This is the power of color. In the same way, color is also a carrier for painters to convey emotions in oil paintings. The study of emotional color expression in oil painting is more helpful for people to understand the emotion conveyed by oil painting. Color has an important role and an irreplaceable position in oil painting creation. In the creation of oil painting, color expression is combined with emotional expression. The creator conveys his experience and feelings in the form of color. In this paper, we look at the relationship between color and emotion, the emotional expression of color, and the expression of emotion in painting. The creators of oil paintings convey their feelings and experiences in the form of color, which plays a unique and important role in portraying the image of their works, expressing emotions, and creating an atmosphere, and we analyze and reveal how to use paint to express emotions in oil painting.
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Sheppes, Gal, Susanne Scheibe, Gaurav Suri, and James J. Gross. "Emotion-Regulation Choice." Psychological Science 22, no. 11 (September 29, 2011): 1391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797611418350.
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Despite centuries of speculation about how to manage negative emotions, little is actually known about which emotion-regulation strategies people choose to use when confronted with negative situations of varying intensity. On the basis of a new process conception of emotion regulation, we hypothesized that in low-intensity negative situations, people would show a relative preference to choose to regulate emotions by engagement reappraisal, which allows emotional processing. However, we expected people in high-intensity negative situations to show a relative preference to choose to regulate emotions by disengagement distraction, which blocks emotional processing at an early stage before it gathers force. In three experiments, we created emotional contexts that varied in intensity, using either emotional pictures (Experiments 1 and 2) or unpredictable electric stimulation (Experiment 3). In response to these emotional contexts, participants chose between using either reappraisal or distraction as an emotion-regulation strategy. Results in all experiments supported our hypothesis. This pattern in the choice of emotion-regulation strategies has important implications for the understanding of healthy adaptation.
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Roy, Ananya. "Interpersonal Emotion Regulation and Emotional Intelligence: A Review." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 04, no. 02 (2023): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2023.42002.
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In recent years, research on the connection between interpersonal emotion regulation and emotional intelligence has expanded. Both ideas have significant consequences for how people perform in a range of situations. While emotional intelligence refers to the capacity to comprehend and regulate emotions in oneself and others, interpersonal emotion regulation refers to the ability to control one's own and other's emotions during social interactions. This study analyses the most recent research on the connection between emotional intelligence and interpersonal emotion regulation, concentrating on the effects these abilities have on relationships, health, and the workplace. According to the findings of the research we analysed, people with high emotional intelligence are better able to control their emotions in social situations, which leads to better outcomes for stress management, conflict resolution, and relationship satisfaction. The way in which a person can enhance their emotional intelligence and interpersonal emotion regulation is through mindfulness techniques, training in emotional awareness, cognitive behavioural training, training in emotional regulation as well as social support
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Homayouni, A. "Comparisonal investigation of emotional intelligence in addicted and nonaddicted people." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71764-3.
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Introduction & objectivesEmotional intelligence (E/I) consists of appraisal of emotion in the self and others, regulation of emotion in the self and others and utilization of emotion in solving problems. Subsumed under these branches are functions such as verbal and non verbal appraisal and expression of emotion and using emotions to motivate as part of the utilization of emotions. (Salovey & Mayer's, 1990). Emotional intelligence components are important in psychological functions such as problem-solving, happiness, stress-tolerance, self-actualization and interpersonal relationship. So the research aimed to investigate role of Emotional intelligence in tendency to addiction.MethodsIn sampling process a total of 73 addicted people and 73 non-addicted people were randomly selected. All participants were requested to complete Schutte’s Self- Report E/I Test (SSREIT) (33 item). The test measures ability of E/I in three fields: Appraisal of emotion, regulation of emotion and utilization of emotion. In order to analyzing the data independent T test was used to compare means of two groups.ResultsFindings indicated significant differences between two groups in components of emotional intelligent. Nonaddicted people had more scores in appraisal of emotion, utilization of emotion and general score of emotional intelligence. But there was no significant difference in regulation of emotion in two groups.ConclusionsConsidering the results, it is recommended EI education programs and applying the plans for enhancing emotional intelligent components in order to increasing abilities and competencies in confronting with crisis and bad events and reducing risk of abnormal behaviors, specially addiction.
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Orizani, Chindy Maria, Nur Fitriya Adianti, and Early Sarah Meyvanni. "Regulasi Emosi Melalui Emotion Focus Therapy (EFT) Pada Lansia Penderita Hipertensi." Adi Husada Nursing Journal 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37036/ahnj.v8i2.350.
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The elderly have a high level of emotional sensitivity so they are easily touched by small things. It is difficult for the elderly to regulate their emotions properly when dealing with situations, especially unpleasant situations. Uncontrolled emotions cause hypertension sufferers to experience increased pulse, blood pressure and heart rhythm disturbances. This study aims to identify the effect of Emotion Focus Therapy (EFT) on emotion regulation in elderly people with hypertension. Intervention Emotion Focus Therapy (EFT) needs to be given to elderly people with hypertension to control emotions and stabilize blood pressure. The research design used was pre-experimental with one group pre-post test design. The sample in the study amounted to 30 respondents. The research results obtained before the Emotion Focus Therapy (EFT) intervention was given, most of them experienced low emotional regulation by 25 respondents (83.3%) and hypertension level 1 by 22 respondents (73.3%). After receiving the EFT intervention, there was an increase in emotional control. It was found that 23 respondents (76.67%) experienced moderate emotional regulation and 18 respondents (60%) had pre-hypertension. Analysis using Wilcoxon signed rank test. The statistical test results showed a p value = 0.000 (α≤0.05) so it could be concluded that the EFT intervention had an effect on the emotional regulation of hypertension sufferers at the elderly Posyandu RW 13 Platuk Donomulyo, Sidotopo Wetan Village, Kenjeran District, Surabaya. EFT is very effective as an effort to manage emotions in elderly people with hypertension by changing awareness, response, expression, reflection and transformation of emotions. Researchers recommend EFT as an emotional regulation intervention for elderly people with hypertension.
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Lindquist, Kristen A., Maria Gendron, Suzanne Oosterwijk, and Lisa Feldman Barrett. "Do people essentialize emotions? Individual differences in emotion essentialism and emotional experience." Emotion 13, no. 4 (2013): 629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032283.
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Nguyen, Hang T. M., and Hoang V. Nguyen. "Positive and Negative Emotions and Nonattachment in Vietnamese Buddhists." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v3i1.324.
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Several research has shown that nonattachment, a Buddhist practice, could reduce negative emotions and improve positive emotions (Sahdra & Shaver, 2013; Sahdra, Shaver, & Brown, 2010; Wang, Wong, & Yeh, 2016; Wendling, 2012). We aimed to explore such influences in a sample of Vietnamese Buddhists (N = 472). Our methods included the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger et al., 1983), the Nonattachment Scale (NAS; Sahdra et al., 2010), and a demographic and religious questionnaire. Results showed that positive emotion scores (M = 2.89, SD = .502) of participants were significantly higher than that of their negative emotion scores (M = 2.10, SD = .587, p < .001). People with strong religious commitment such as monks, lay-people who practiced at pagoda, and lay-people who practiced with sangha had higher positive emotion scores and less negative emotion scores than those whose religious commitment were weak. Nonattachment was positively correlated with positive emotions (r = .47, p < .01) and negatively correlated with negative emotions (r = -.37, p < .01). Nonattachment could also explain 21.7% positive emotions variance (p < .001) and 12.4% negative emotions variance (p < .001). Nonattachment and religious commitment could, therefore, influence greatly positive emotions in Buddhists. This result suggested a discussion about applying nonattachment to prevent emotional problems and improve psychological well-being.
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Хворова, Екатерина. "Когнитивно-культурные, индивидуально-психологические и возрастные особенности способности к распознаванию эмоций." Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0008.5641.
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This article describes the features of the development of the emotional sphere. It emphasizes the importance of the primary school age in the development of certain components of emotional intelligence, one of which is the ability to recognize emotions. In the early school years, children are able to understand emotions, but mostly with the help of their own emotional experience and/ or according to the situations they are used to experiencing, they mostly rely on the context of the situation, and, as we know, it does not always work correctly: different people in the same situations may experience completely different emotions. Few children are able to establish the reasons that caused other people emotions. Besides, one of the components of emotional intelligence is the ability to control one’s own emotions. Emotion regulation becomes available for children after the socialization associated with the first years at school. Child development is partly determined by the process of socialization, which determines specific cognitive representations of emotions, so called emotional prototypes. Also the culture in which the child grows up has effects on the process of emotion recognition and expression, so, for example, in the individualistic culture emotional expression and recognition is encouraged, and in collectivist cultures, there are certain rules of emotional expression fixing in which situations and to what extent the expression of emotions is permissible.
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Rafaeli, Anat, and Monica Worline. "Individual emotion in work organizations." Social Science Information 40, no. 1 (March 2001): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901801040001006.
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We are predisposed to thinking of emotions as our own, perhaps the most intimate parts of ourselves. Yet, more often than not, our emotions are inextricably bound up with other people and social worlds, with one of the most powerful of those being the organizational work context. The central premise of this article is that much of our social and emotional life is organizational. We begin with a view to the past, describing how, because of a focus on control, both management and scholars attempted to tightly delineate the emotions that could legitimately be expressed and recognized in work settings. Such tight control could not hold emotions at bay, however. Managers and scholars have recognized that individual feelings are often expressions of or reactions to organizational realities. We review two waves of what we loosely call current organizational research that acknowledges emotion. The first wave attempts to explain individual emotion in organizational terms, while the second wave focuses on the idea of culture. Looking toward the future, we conclude that attempts to quell and ignore emotion in organizations are recognized as outdated. The emerging alternative appears to be to somehow “manage” the beast called emotion at work. We call for future research that recognizes employees', customers', shareholders', and suppliers' emotions in designing organizational features such as cultures, routines, structures, and patterns of leadership. Yet we note that as emotion is being more and more managed, people are feeling more and more alienated. The managed emotions of organized work can become very attractive to people as a place to escape to from the emotional hardships of home and community. We suggest future research and policy pay attention to a growing paradox in the future of emotion: that as emotion is more and more organizationally managed, the less it feels truly emotional.
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Xiao, Hester, Kit Spencer Double, Sarah Ann Walker, Hannah Kunst, and Carolyn MacCann. "Emotionally Intelligent People Use More High-Engagement and Less Low-Engagement Processes to Regulate Others’ Emotions." Journal of Intelligence 10, no. 4 (September 29, 2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10040076.
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Existing research has linked emotional intelligence (EI) with intrinsic emotion regulation (processes people use to regulate their own emotions). However, there has not yet been an empirical examination of whether EI abilities relate to extrinsic emotion regulation (processes people use to regulate other people’s emotions). This study (N = 178 undergraduates) examines whether ability EI (as measured by the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test) correlates with eight extrinsic regulation processes (as measured by the Regulation of Others’ Emotions Scale, including downward comparison, expressive suppression, humour, distraction, direct action, reappraisal, receptive listening and valuing). Total ability EI score is significantly positively correlated with three high-engagement processes (r = .24, .40, and .16 for reappraisal, receptive listening, and valuing) and negatively correlated with two low-engagement processes (r = −.30 and −.38 for downward comparison and expressive suppression). When all four EI branches predicted each regulation process in multiple regression, only emotion management significantly predicted downward comparison, receptive listening and valuing, and only emotion management and understanding predicted expressive suppression (no significant regression coefficients for reappraisal). We conclude that the drivers of EI/extrinsic regulation associations are engagement with the target’s emotion and the emotion management branch of EI.
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Hof, Yael Tal. "Emotion Managing among Nurse Educators." Journal of Education and Culture Studies 3, no. 3 (August 8, 2019): p266. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jecs.v3n3p266.
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Most people do not consciously manage their emotions but arbitrarily that expressed in spontaneous behavior according to the person’s character and the situation he is in. Emotion is very complex. There are rational people and there are emotional people. Every person acts by these two “minds” every day. Minds that sometimes compete for attention and behavior. Sometimes emotion surpass thinking and vice versa. Emotion management is a deliberate, conscious act (Keidar & Yagoda, 2015).In an interview of nurse educators at the Nursing School in the center of Israel, it was found that many emotions affect the work processes and coping with the duty tasks. The nurse educators’ staff have quite a difficult task with a lot of responsibility to be in teaching role and have target audience that is a student who will be the future nurse. The double role of a nurse and a teacher raise emotions in this team in its daily activities. The article will examine the arising emotions within their role and its reasons and how the organizational level can affect these emotions.
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Altheimer, Gizem, and Heather L. Urry. "Do Emotions Cause Eating? The Role of Previous Experiences and Social Context in Emotional Eating." Current Directions in Psychological Science 28, no. 3 (April 9, 2019): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721419837685.
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Emotional eating is defined as an increase in eating following negative emotion. Self-reported emotional eating has been associated with physical-health concerns. However, experimental studies indicate that negative-mood inductions do not reliably lead to increased eating in healthy eaters, not even among those with a high desire to eat when emotional. We argue that experimental studies will help us understand emotional eating only if they account for the following ideas: (a) Emotional eating may require that people learn to associate emotion with eating, (b) emotional eating may follow only specific discrete emotions, and (c) emotional eating may depend on social context. Each of these points suggests a fruitful direction for future research. Specifically, future studies must acknowledge, identify, and account for variations in the extent to which people have learned to associate emotions with eating; assess or elicit strong discrete emotions; and systematically examine the effect of social context on emotional eating.
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Vishkin, Allon, Pazit Ben-Nun Bloom, Shalom H. Schwartz, Nevin Solak, and Maya Tamir. "Religiosity and Emotion Regulation." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 50, no. 9 (October 2019): 1050–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022119880341.
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People higher (vs. lower) in religiosity differ in the emotions they typically experience, but do they also differ in how they deal with their emotions? In this investigation, we systematically tested links between religiosity and elements of emotion regulation, including beliefs regarding the controllability of emotion, the motivation to feel better, and the tendency to use specific emotion regulation strategies (e.g., cognitive reappraisal, rumination, distraction). Participants were American Catholics, Israeli Jews, and Muslim Turks ( N = 616) who were stratified sampled based on level of religiosity. All eight preregistered hypotheses were confirmed, even after controlling for demographic variables. We found that people higher (vs. lower) in religiosity were more likely to use emotion regulation strategies that are typically linked to adaptive emotional outcomes (e.g., cognitive reappraisal, acceptance) and less likely to use emotion regulation strategies that are typically linked to less adaptive outcomes (e.g., rumination). These findings suggest that people higher (vs. lower) in religiosity may deal with their emotions in more adaptive ways.
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Warrenburg, Lindsay A. "People Experience Different Emotions from Melancholic and Grieving Music." Music & Science 3 (January 1, 2020): 205920432097738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059204320977384.
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Two behavioral studies are reported that ask whether listeners experience different emotions in response to melancholic and grieving musical passages. In the first study, listeners were asked to rate the extent that musical passages made them feel positive and negative, as well as to identify which emotion(s) they felt from a list of 24 emotions. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that listeners experience different emotions when listening to melancholic and grieving music. The second study asked listeners to spontaneously describe their emotional states while listening to music. Content analysis was conducted in order to find any underlying dimensions of the identified responses. The analysis replicated the finding that melancholic and grieving music led to different feelings states, with melancholic music leading to feelings of Sad/Melancholy/Depressed, Reflective/Nostalgic, Rain/Dreary Weather, and Relaxed/Calm, while grieving music led to feelings of Anticipation/Uneasy, Tension/Intensity, Crying/Distraught/Turmoil, Death/Loss, and Epic/Dramatic/Cinematic.
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Znoj, Hans J., and Peter Lude. "Regulation of emotion and psychological symptoms in people with spinal cord injury." Swiss Journal of Psychology 61, no. 4 (December 2002): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.61.4.203.
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This cross-sectional study examined the contribution of regulation of emotion on depression, symptoms of traumatic and general distress, perceived disability, and somatic symptoms following spinal cord injury. Depressed and non-depressed participants (N = 264, mean age = 46 years) differed in their use of adaptive and maladaptive ways of regulating emotions. In addition to somatic symptoms and symptoms of traumatic stress, maladaptive emotional regulation (avoidance and distortion of awareness) accounted for 8% of the total variance of depression. It is concluded that adaptive and maladaptive ways of regulating emotions are important factors in dealing with negative feelings. Regulation of emotion appears to influence perceived disability mainly via depression. Limitations of the study and implications for rehabilitation are discussed.
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Malvini Redden, Shawna. "How Lines Organize Compulsory Interaction, Emotion Management, and “Emotional Taxes”." Management Communication Quarterly 27, no. 1 (September 5, 2012): 121–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318912458213.
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Everyday nearly two million people use commercial air transportation in the United States. To fly, each passenger must perform a unique type of emotion management that may impact their entire travel experience. Using ethnographic observation and interviews, this project explores how airport structures—security queues in particular—serve to cue emotional responses for passengers and shape interactions with others. Specifically highlighted are the reflexive nature of emotions, how emotions “travel” among people and through contexts to influence communication, and the consequences of emotion management for individuals and organizations. In examining compulsory interactions between passengers and employees, the study forwards a new emotion management construct specific to customers—“emotional taxes” or the emotional performances customers must “pay” to negotiate a compulsory interaction.
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Bajri, Ibtesam AbdulAziz, and Nada Abdulmajeed Lashkar. "Saudi Gender Emotional Expressions in Using Instagram." English Language Teaching 13, no. 5 (April 23, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n5p94.
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There are plentiful studies exploring gender emotional differences. Gender and emotion stereotypes make people believe that there are certain emotions associated with each gender and this is supported by many studies. The purpose of this research is to analyze the emotional expressions of Saudi men and women in Instagram, a social networking service. This paper aims to explore the Saudi differences of emotional expressions. Also, if gender emotion stereotypes apply on these expressions or not. Data is collected through corpus analysis of Arabic comments for a certain post on Instagram. The results of this study demonstrate that there are differences in Saudis' expressions of emotions in which each gender uses different expressions. Additionally, gender stereotypes of emotions are applied to their emotional expressions that is men express negative emotions more while women express positive emotions. Another result is that women are found to be more emotional than men. Overall, the findings contribute to increase understanding of online emotional expressions of both Saudi genders.
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Yao, Xiaohui. "Methods to Regulate Negative Emotions under the COVID-19 Pandemic." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 6, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/6/20220427.
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Under the current environment of the COVID-19 pandemic, people have to decrease the times to go outside to have face to face contact with other people and be in touch with nature, and it is easier to feel negative emotions. Therefore, it is currently very necessary to investigate effective emotion regulation methods for people to relieve negative emotions in the COVID-19 pandemic and more people can reduce negative emotions and be healthier under the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper summarizes different emotion regulation strategies to regulate negative emotions under the COVID-19 pandemic, skills to reduce negative emotions under the COVID-19 pandemic, behaviors to relieve negative emotions under the COVID-19 pandemic and methods regulate ineffective emotions for specific populations during the COVID-19 pandemic, so as to help people relieve negative emotions and have more healthier emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Deng, Xinmei, and Xuechen Ding. "Contra-Hedonic Attitudes Toward Pleasant Emotions in China: Links to Hedonism, Emotion Expression, and Depression." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 38, no. 2 (February 2019): 140–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.2.140.
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Introduction: Contra-hedonic attitudes toward pleasant emotions are culturally dominant in Chinese culture, but less is known about its links with hedonism, emotion expression and depression. Method: We examined how attitudes toward pleasant emotions (measured by the Implicit Association Test) mediated the relation between hedonism and emotion expression (Study 1) and whether contra-hedonic attitudes toward pleasant emotions moderated the relation between emotion expression and depression (Study 2). Results: Chinese implicitly evaluated pleasant emotions as negative and valued hedonism less important in daily lives. As less important in Chinese culture, hedonism may shape individual emotion expression through the influence of implicit attitudes toward pleasant emotions. In line with prior research, emotion expression was associated with higher level of depression. However, this relation was moderated by the extent to which individual evaluated pleasant emotions as negative. Discussion: These findings highlight the importance of how people evaluate pleasant emotions to understand emotion expression and emotional states from a cultural perspective.
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Shaker, Mays Ali, and Amina Atiya Dawood. "Emotions Recognition in people with Autism using Facial Expressions and Machine Learning Techniques: Survey." JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF BABYLON for Pure and Applied Sciences 31, no. 2 (June 29, 2023): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v31i2.4667.
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Recently, a lot of studies have been interested in recognizing and detection of emotions in people with autism. The main goal of this paper is to survey different studies which have been concerned emotional state of people with autism. The survey includes two parts, first one focused on studies which use facial expressions to recognize and detect emotions. As facial expressions are considered the affective and important techniques which is used to express different patterns of emotions. Second parts of this study, focuses on different technical methods like machine learning, deep learning and other algorithms that are employed to analyze and determine the facial behaviors of people with autism. To find the optimal solution, a comparison of current emotion-detecting systems is investigated in this paper.
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Buluk, Katarzyna, and Celina Timoszyk-Tomczak. "„Co wyraża twarz?” – rozpoznawanie ekspresji emocjonalnej twarzy przez osoby głuche i słyszące." Psychologia Rozwojowa 25, no. 4 (2020): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843879pr.20.030.13438.
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„What does the Face Express?” – Recognition of Emotional Facial Expressions in Deaf and Hearing People An analysis of emotional functioning of deaf people is important for understanding their activities in different areas of life. Emotional functioning is related to emotional intelligence, which involves emotion perception and recognition as well as emotional expressiveness. The aim of the study was to compare the ability to recognize facial emotional expression among deaf and hearing people. The present study was conducted on 80 individuals (40 deaf people and 40 hearing people). The Emotional Intelligence Scale – Faces (Matczak, Piekarska, Studniarek, 2005) and a set of photographs used by Paul Ekman in his study of basic emotions were used for the data collection. The results obtained show that deaf people differ from hearing people in recognizing facial expressions. The analysis was conducted in terms of differences in recognition of expression of basic and complex emotions. The study included variables such as the moment of hearing loss (congenital or acquired deafness) or upbringing with deaf or hearing parents.
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Matsuda, Yasuhiro, Ichiro Sakuma, Yasuhiko Jimbo, Etsuko Kobayashi, Tatsuhiko Arafune, and Tsuneshi Isomura. "Emotional Communication in Finger Braille." Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2010 (2010): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/830759.
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We describe analyses of the features of emotions (neutral, joy, sadness, and anger) expressed by Finger Braille interpreters and subsequently examine the effectiveness of emotional expression and emotional communication between people unskilled in Finger Braille. The goal is to develop a Finger Braille system to teach emotional expression and a system to recognize emotion. The results indicate the following features of emotional expression by interpreters. The durations of the code of joy were significantly shorter than the durations of the other emotions, the durations of the code of sadness were significantly longer, and the finger loads of anger were significantly larger. The features of emotional expression by unskilled subjects were very similar to those of the interpreters, and the coincidence ratio of emotional communication was 75.1%. Therefore, it was confirmed that people unskilled in Finger Braille can express and communicate emotions using this communication medium.
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Kundziņa, Ieva, and Juris Grants. "Outdoor Recreation and Well-Being of 45-55 Years Old People." LASE Journal of Sport Science 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ljss-2016-0036.
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Abstract Physical activity plays a fundamental role not only in improving the physical health, but also in increasing the well-being (Biddle, Mutrie, 2002, 2007). The aim of the study was to discover how the natural means for outdoor recreation (biking, Nordic walking, cross-country skiing) influence the positive and negative emotions of the 45-55 year-old people. Methods of research: “FaceReader 3.0” (testing positive and negative emotions), pulsometry, case study, analysis of qualitative data and mathematical - statistical methods of data processing. The obtained results after carrying out recreational activities indicate a tendency to increase. The most significant increase in the percentage of positive emotions was observed in those participants who performed a ride on a bike – increase in emotion of joy +266.4%, increase in emotion of surprise +140.6% and decrease in negative emotions – sadness -41.0%; anger -56.3%; disgust -71.2% (p> 0.05). Nordic walking, increases the level of joy by +121.0%, surprise level by +13.4% (p>0.05). An increase in positive emotions was observed in cross-country skiers – in joy emotions + 19.3% and in surprise emotions + 2.9% (p> 0.05). Analyzing the FR negative emotions data, a decrease was observed – in sadness -24.7% and in anger – 21.7% (p> 0.05). Physical Recreation – cycling, Nordic walking and cross-country skiing outdoors, with applied load of 50 minutes with intensity of 65 – 70% of maximum heart rate, improves the positive emotions.
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Hammann, Torsten, Manuel M. Schwartze, Peter Zentel, Anna Schlomann, Christiane Even, Hans-Werner Wahl, and Christian Rietz. "The Challenge of Emotions—An Experimental Approach to Assess the Emotional Competence of People with Intellectual Disabilities." Disabilities 2, no. 4 (October 16, 2022): 611–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/disabilities2040044.
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Emotions influence processes of learning and thinking in all people. However, there is a lack of studies in the field of emotion research including people with intellectual disabilities (ID) addressing the existing diversity. The present study investigates the emotional competence of people with ID (N = 32). The first aim was to assess the emotional development using the Scale of Emotional Development (SEED). Based on these insights, the second objective was to replicate existing findings, validating the emotional reaction of people with ID to pictures of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) based on self-reports. In an additional pilot-like analysis, the third aim was to investigate if these self-reported emotional reactions match the emotions expressed in their faces using the automated and video-based facial expression analysis software ‘Affectiva (Affdex SDK)’. In the present study, the self-reported emotional reactions of participants with ID were in line with previous research. In addition, the present study shows the general potential of this innovative approach of using and applying commercially available automated emotion recognition software for the field of special needs and social science.
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Plutchik, R. "The measurement of emotions." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 9, no. 2 (June 1997): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800036802.
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Most people usually think of emotion as a subjective feeling of a certain kind, the kind for which labels like happy, sad, and frightened are appropriate. However, there is much evidence to suggest that this is too narrow a way to define emotions, and that a different and broader conceptualization is needed. If we examine the history of theories of emotion we find a great diversity of views. For example, Darwin, in his 1872 book ‘The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals’, conceived of emotions as expressive behaviors that had the function of communicating intentions from one animal to another in the presence of conflicts or emergencies. Emotional expressions, from this point of view, regulated interpersonal relations and increased the chances of individual survival.
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Barbosa Escobar, Francisco, Carlos Velasco, Kosuke Motoki, Derek Victor Byrne, and Qian Janice Wang. "The temperature of emotions." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): e0252408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252408.
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Emotions and temperature are closely related through embodied processes, and people seem to associate temperature concepts with emotions. While this relationship is often evidenced by everyday language (e.g., cold and warm feelings), what remains missing to date is a systematic study that holistically analyzes how and why people associate specific temperatures with emotions. The present research aimed to investigate the associations between temperature concepts and emotion adjectives on both explicit and implicit levels. In Experiment 1, we evaluated explicit associations between twelve pairs of emotion adjectives derived from the circumplex model of affect, and five different temperature concepts ranging from 0°C to 40°C, based on responses from 403 native speakers of four different languages (English, Spanish, Japanese, Chinese). The results of Experiment 1 revealed that, across languages, the temperatures were associated with different regions of the circumplex model. The 0°C and 10°C were associated with negative-valanced, low-arousal emotions, while 20°C was associated with positive-valanced, low-to-medium-arousal emotions. Moreover, 30°C was associated with positive-valanced, high-arousal emotions; and 40°C was associated with high-arousal and either positive- or negative-valanced emotions. In Experiment 2 (N = 102), we explored whether these temperature-emotion associations were also present at the implicit level, by conducting Implicit Association Tests (IATs) with temperature words (cold and hot) and opposing pairs of emotional adjectives for each dimension of valence (Unhappy/Dissatisfied vs. Happy/Satisfied) and arousal (Passive/Quiet vs. Active/Alert) on native English speakers. The results of Experiment 2 revealed that participants held implicit associations between the word hot and positive-valanced and high-arousal emotions. Additionally, the word cold was associated with negative-valanced and low-arousal emotions. These findings provide evidence for the existence of temperature-emotion associations at both explicit and implicit levels across languages.
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Trinh Van, Loan, Thuy Dao Thi Le, Thanh Le Xuan, and Eric Castelli. "Emotional Speech Recognition Using Deep Neural Networks." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 12, 2022): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041414.
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The expression of emotions in human communication plays a very important role in the information that needs to be conveyed to the partner. The forms of expression of human emotions are very rich. It could be body language, facial expressions, eye contact, laughter, and tone of voice. The languages of the world’s peoples are different, but even without understanding a language in communication, people can almost understand part of the message that the other partner wants to convey with emotional expressions as mentioned. Among the forms of human emotional expression, the expression of emotions through voice is perhaps the most studied. This article presents our research on speech emotion recognition using deep neural networks such as CNN, CRNN, and GRU. We used the Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture (IEMOCAP) corpus for the study with four emotions: anger, happiness, sadness, and neutrality. The feature parameters used for recognition include the Mel spectral coefficients and other parameters related to the spectrum and the intensity of the speech signal. The data augmentation was used by changing the voice and adding white noise. The results show that the GRU model gave the highest average recognition accuracy of 97.47%. This result is superior to existing studies on speech emotion recognition with the IEMOCAP corpus.
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Roberts-Collins, Cara, Gerwyn Mahoney-Davies, Ailsa Russell, Anne Booth, and Maria Loades. "Emotion awareness and cognitive behavioural therapy in young people with autism spectrum disorder." Autism 22, no. 7 (July 28, 2017): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317710215.
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Young people with autism spectrum disorder experience high levels of emotional problems, including anxiety and depression. Adapted cognitive behavioural therapy is recommended for such difficulties. However, no evidence suggests whether emotion awareness is important in treatment outcome for young people on the autism spectrum. This study aimed to investigate the potential differences in emotion awareness between (1) young people on the autism spectrum and typically developing youth and (2) young people on the autism spectrum with and without experience of cognitive behavioural therapy. Three groups (aged 11–20 years) participated: (1) typically developing young people ( n = 56); (2) young people on the autism spectrum with no experience of cognitive behavioural therapy ( n = 23); and (3) young people on the autism spectrum who had attended cognitive behavioural therapy ( n = 33). All participants completed the Emotion Awareness Questionnaire–30 item version. Young people on the autism spectrum differed significantly from typically developing young people on the emotional awareness measure. Young people on the autism spectrum who had attended cognitive behavioural therapy scored significantly lower on the Differentiating Emotions subscale, and significantly higher on the Attending to Others’ Emotions subscale, compared to young people on the autism spectrum who had not attended cognitive behavioural therapy. This study highlights the importance of psycho-educational components of cognitive behavioural therapy when adapting for young people on the autism spectrum.
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Johnson-Laird, P. N., and Keith Oatley. "Emotions, Simulation, and Abstract Art." Art & Perception 9, no. 3 (October 25, 2021): 260–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134913-bja10029.
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Abstract Some people feel emotions when they look at abstract art. This article presents a ‘simulation’ theory that predicts which emotions they will experience, including those based on their aesthetic reactions. It also explains the mental processes underlying these emotions. This new theory embodies two precursors: an account of how mental models represent perceptions, descriptions, and self-reflections, and an account of the communicative nature of emotions, which distinguishes between basic emotions that can be experienced without knowledge of their objects or causes, and complex emotions that are founded on basic ones, but that include propositional contents. The resulting simulation theory predicts that abstract paintings can evoke the basic emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, and anxiety, and that they do so in several ways. In mimesis, models simulate the actions and gestures of people in emotional states, elicited from cues in the surface of paintings, and that in turn evoke basic emotions. Other basic emotions depend on synaesthesia, and both association and projection can yield complex emotions. Underlying viewers’ awareness of looking at a painting is a mental model of themselves in that relation with the painting. This self-reflective model has access to knowledge, enabling people to evaluate the work, and to experience an aesthetic emotion, such as awe or revulsion. The comments of artists and critics, and experimental results support the theory.
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Thorson, Esther. "Emotion in Processing Advertising and News." Journalism & Communication Monographs 25, no. 2 (May 8, 2023): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15226379231167136.
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I analyze work on the role of emotion in how people respond to advertising and news. Measuring emotion with brain waves to self-report, the role of valence and intensity of emotion engendered by ads demonstrates their important role in how ads persuade. Emotional response to ads is well theorized by the evolution of mechanisms evolved to approach or avoid stimuli to maximize survival. Response to news stories can be similarly theorized to suggest how surveillance is influenced by perceived importance and negative emotions registered during news consumption. I posit that increased understanding of news processing will follow when emotion’s role becomes better understood.
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Vishkin, Allon, Yossi Hasson, Yael Millgram, and Maya Tamir. "One Size Does Not Fit All: Tailoring Cognitive Reappraisal to Different Emotions." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 3 (July 19, 2019): 469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219861432.
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Emotion regulation strategies have been typically studied independently of the specific emotions people try to change by using them. However, to the extent that negative emotions are inherently different from one another, people may choose different means to change them. Focusing on fear and sadness, we first mapped emotion-related content to theoretically matched reappraisal tactics. We then tested how frequently people choose such reappraisal tactics when regulating fear and sadness (Studies 1, 2, and 4a). As predicted, people were most likely to select reappraisal tactics that targeted content that was particularly relevant to the specific emotion they tried to regulate. Next, we tested whether such choices were driven by differences in the efficacy (Study 3), perceived efficacy (Study 4b), and anticipated effort (Study 4c) of regulation. Our findings demonstrate that the means people select to regulate their emotions depend on which emotions they try to regulate.
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Bertrams, Alex, and Katja Schlegel. "Speeded reasoning moderates the inverse relationship between autistic traits and emotion recognition." Autism 24, no. 8 (July 10, 2020): 2304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320937090.
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People with diagnosed autism or being high in autistic traits have been found to have difficulties with recognizing emotions from nonverbal expressions. In this study, we investigated whether speeded reasoning (reasoning performance under time pressure) moderates the inverse relationship between autistic traits and emotion recognition performance. We expected the negative correlation between autistic traits and emotion recognition to be less strong when speeded reasoning was high. The underlying assumption is that people high in autistic traits can compensate for their low intuition in recognizing emotions through quick analytical information processing. A paid online sample ( N = 217) completed the 10-item version of the Autism Spectrum Quotient, two emotion recognition tests using videos with sound (Geneva Emotion Recognition Test) and pictures (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test), and Baddeley’s Grammatical Reasoning Test to measure speeded reasoning. As expected, the inverse relationship between autistic traits and emotion recognition performance was less pronounced for individuals with high compared to low speeded reasoning ability. These results suggest that a high ability in making quick mental inferences may (partly) compensate for difficulties with intuitive emotion recognition related to autistic traits. Lay abstract Autistic people typically have difficulty recognizing other people’s emotions and to process nonverbal cues in an automatic, intuitive fashion. This usually also applies to people who—regardless of an official diagnosis of autism—achieve high values in autism questionnaires. However, some autistic people do not seem to have any problems with emotion recognition. One explanation may be that these individuals are able to compensate for their lack of intuitive or automatic processing through a quick conscious and deliberate analysis of the emotional cues in faces, voices, and body movements. On these grounds, we assumed that the higher autistic people’s ability to reason quickly (i.e. to make quick logical inferences), the fewer problems they should have with determining other people’s emotions. In our study, we asked workers on the crowdsourcing marketplace MTurk to complete a questionnaire about their autistic traits, to perform emotion recognition tests, and to complete a test of the ability to reason under time constraints. In our sample of 217 people, we found the expected pattern. Overall, those who had higher values in the autism questionnaire scored lower in the emotion recognition tests. However, when reasoning ability was taken into account, a more nuanced picture emerged: participants with high values both on the autism questionnaire and on the reasoning test recognized emotions as well as individuals with low autistic traits. Our results suggest that fast analytic information processing may help autistic people to compensate problems in recognizing others’ emotions.
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García, J. A., A. S. Raya, F. R. Santos, L. J. M. Antón, J. L. Cabarcos, I. S. Ovejas, A. F. Saénz de Pipaón, and E. S. del Arco. "Emotional inventory for people with TEA." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72904-2.
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The general objetive of this paper is to better understand emotional expression in people with autism. In the first place, we will focus on the identification of patterns in emotional communication in order to demonstrate that people with autism show emotional communicative intentions but not following the normalized patterns (Alonso, Fernández and Suberviola, 2007). In the second place, we want to correlate patters identified by professionals and families in order to determine if there is a common ground among them. Plutchik (2001) identifies four pairs of Basic emotions -sadness/happiness, acceptance/disgust, fear/anger and anticipation/surprise - plus secondary emotions, resulting from the combinations of the above in different degrees of intensity.In order to clarify and make known these atypical emotional reactions, we have devised a measurement instrument which will allow us to gather information and work out an answer inventory from people with TEA.The instrument consists of three different parts:a) Personal identification. Data gathering on socio economic and cultural status of the family, schooling, and diagnosis of the person with TEA,b) physiological needs that can provoke emotions (for instance, hunger or thirst) andc) emotional states (following Plutchik taxonomy), distinguishing verbal and non verbal behaviour and the accompanying facial expressions that are used.The reliability of the instrument has been assessed by two extensive interjudge tests conducted by a wide number of national and international experts from different professional fields related to TEA: direct attention, advice and support, assessment and diagnosis, and study and research.
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Caeiro, Antonio de Castro. "Paradoxes of Emotional Life: Second-Order Emotions." Philosophies 7, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies7050109.
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Heidegger explains our emotional life using three schemes: causal explanation, mental internalisation of emotions and metaphorical expression. None of the three schemes explains emotion though. Either because the causal nexus does not always occur or because objects and people in the external world are carriers of emotional agents or because language is already on a metaphorical level. Moreover, how is it possible that there are presently emotions constituting our life without our being aware of their existence? From the analysis of boredom in its three varieties (“bored by X”, “get oneself bored”, and “it is boring”) we will get to the depth where emotions lie, trying to rouse them and to keep them awake. Although it surfaces with the force and energy of the present, every emotion has its past and future constitution. How can we understand the future of a present emotion along with its past?
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Díaz-Agea, José Luis, María José Pujalte-Jesús, Vanessa Arizo-Luque, Juan Antonio García-Méndez, Isabel López-Chicheri-García, and Andrés Rojo-Rojo. "How Are You Feeling? Interpretation of Emotions through Facial Expressions of People Wearing Different Personal Protective Equipment: An Observational Study." Nursing Reports 12, no. 4 (October 17, 2022): 758–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nursrep12040075.
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(1) Background: The perception of others’ emotions based on non-verbal cues, such as facial expressions, is fundamental for interpersonal communication and mutual support. Using personal protection equipment (PPE) in a work environment during the SAR-CoV-2 pandemic challenged health professionals’ ability to recognise emotions and expressions while wearing PPE. The working hypothesis of this study was that the increased limitation of facial visibility, due to the use of a personal protective device, would interfere with the perception of basic emotions in the participants. (2) Methods: Through a cross-sectional descriptive study, the present research aimed to analyse the identification of four basic emotions (happiness; sadness; fear/surprise; and disgust/anger) through three types of PPE (FFP2 respirator, protective overall and powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR)), by using 32 photographs. The study was conducted using volunteer participants who met the inclusion criteria (individuals older than 13 without cognitive limitations). Participants had to recognise the emotions of actors in photographs that were randomly displayed in an online form. (3) Results: In general, the 690 participants better recognised happiness and fear, independently of the PPE utilised. Women could better identify different emotions, along with university graduates and young and middle-aged adults. Emotional identification was at its worst when the participants wore protective overalls (5.42 ± 1.22), followed by the PAPR (5.83 ± 1.38); the best scores were obtained using the FFP2 masks (6.57 ± 1.20). Sadness was the least recognised emotion, regardless of age. (4) Conclusions: The personal protective devices interfere in the recognition of emotions, with the protective overalls having the greatest impact, and the FFP2 mask the least. The emotions that were best recognised were happiness and fear/surprise, while the least recognised emotion was sadness. Women were better at identifying emotions, as well as participants with higher education, and young and middle-aged adults.
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Matsuda, Ryo. "Multiple Emotion Regulation in Rorschach Color Responses." Rorschachiana 40, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 112–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000116.
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Abstract. While color-related responses to the Rorschach test have been interpreted as reflecting respondents’ emotional characteristics, their validity has been criticized. Since Rorschach validity should be confirmed by both unconscious and conscious processes, this study focused on implicit positive attitudes toward emotion regulation (considered an unconscious mechanism that motivates regulating emotions) and emotion-regulation strategy. In total, 39 undergraduates (two of whom were excluded from the analyses) completed the Rorschach test, the Implicit Association Test (IAT; measures implicit attitudes toward emotion regulation), and a questionnaire about emotion-regulation strategies. The results showed that positive attitudes toward emotion regulation increased participants’ form-chromatic color (FC) responses, and people who habitually used adaptive strategies to regulate emotions gave more FC responses with high form quality. These results support the interpretation of FC as a mature and controlled emotional response. Additionally, affective ratio (Afr) scores positively correlated with the behavioral suppression of emotions. This result suggests that high Afr, which activates reactivity to Rorschach color cards, can be interpreted as emotional excitement caused by the dysfunction of emotion regulation.
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Parkinson, Brian. "Heart to Heart: A Relation-Alignment Approach to Emotion’s Social Effects." Emotion Review 13, no. 2 (February 21, 2021): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073921990733.
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This article integrates arguments and evidence from my 2019 monograph Heart to Heart: How Your Emotions Affect Other People. The central claim is that emotions operate as processes of relation alignment that produce convergence, complementarity, or conflict between two or more people’s orientations to objects. In some cases, relation alignment involves strategic presentation of emotional information for the purpose of regulating other people’s behaviour. In other cases, emotions consolidate from socially distributed reciprocal adjustments of cues, signals, and emerging actions without any explicit registration or communication of emotional meaning by parties to the exchange. The relation-alignment approach provides a fresh perspective on issues relating to emotion’s interpersonal, intragroup, and organizational functions and clarifies how emotions are regulated for social purposes.
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Zhu, Yunwen, Wenjun Zhang, Meixian Zhang, Ke Zhang, and Yonghua Zhu. "Image emotion distribution learning based on enhanced fuzzy KNN algorithm with sparse learning." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 41, no. 6 (December 16, 2021): 6443–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-210251.
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With the trend of people expressing opinions and emotions via images online, increasing attention has been paid to affective analysis of visual content. Traditional image affective analysis mainly focuses on single-label classification, but an image usually evokes multiple emotions. To this end, emotion distribution learning is proposed to describe emotions more explicitly. However, most current studies ignore the ambiguity included in emotions and the elusive correlations with complex visual features. Considering that emotions evoked by images are delivered through various visual features, and each feature in the image may have multiple emotion attributes, this paper develops a novel model that extracts multiple features and proposes an enhanced fuzzy k-nearest neighbor (EFKNN) to calculate the fuzzy emotional memberships. Specifically, the multiple visual features are converted into fuzzy emotional memberships of each feature belonging to emotion classes, which can be regarded as an intermediate representation to bridge the affective gap. Then, the fuzzy emotional memberships are fed into a fully connected neural network to learn the relationships between the fuzzy memberships and image emotion distributions. To obtain the fuzzy memberships of test images, a novel sparse learning method is introduced by learning the combination coefficients of test images and training images. Extensive experimental results on several datasets verify the superiority of our proposed approach for emotion distribution learning of images.
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Gruber, June, Sarah Hagerty, Douglas Mennin, and James J. Gross. "Mind the Gap? Emotion Regulation Ability and Achievement in Psychological Health Disorders." Journal of Emotion and Psychopathology 1, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.22.
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Why do so many people fail to manage their emotions successfully even though they can do so? This review begins by noting a surprising gap between emotion regulation ability and achievement apparent across individuals with emotional disorders, many of whom appear to be able to effectively regulate emotions when cued. Recently, clinical science has begun to take stock of this puzzling gap between intact emotion regulation ability and challenges with emotion regulation achievement. We refer to this as the ‘emotion regulation ability-achievement’ (or ER-AA) gap, and discuss clinical implications, including alternative approaches to closing this gap.
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Jäger, Christoph, and Anne Bartsch. "Meta-Emotions." Grazer Philosophische Studien 73, no. 1 (April 1, 2006): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-073001011.
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This paper explores the phenomenon of meta-emotions. Meta-emotions are emotions people have about their own emotions. We analyze the intentional structure of meta-emotions and show how psychological findings support our account. Acknowledgement of meta-emotions can elucidate a number of important issues in the philosophy of mind and, more specifically, the philosophy and psychology of emotions. Among them are (allegedly) ambivalent or paradoxical emotions, emotional communication, emotional self-regulation, privileged access failure for repressed emotions, and survivor guilt.
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McDonald, Skye. "Are You Crying or Laughing? Emotion Recognition Deficits After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury." Brain Impairment 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.6.1.56.65481.
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AbstractTo date there has been little research concerning the neuropsychological mechanisms of emotion perception deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI), although such deficits are well documented. This paper considers two major issues. First, are emotion-processing deficits found regardless of the media of presentation? In a recent study examining this issue, adults with severe TBI were found to have particular problems identifying emotions from conversational tone, as well as difficulties when presented with still photographs and audiovisual dynamic displays (videoed vignettes). They were relatively normal when asked to classify emotions on the basis of moving visual displays without sound. This may reflect the fact that the parietal cortices, important for processing movement, are relatively unscathed in TBI. The second issue concerns whether emotion recognition is facilitated by empathic emotional responses and whether these are diminished in people with TBI. Evidence is presented for a relation between subjective reports of diminished emotional experience and emotion recognition accuracy. Finally, preliminary data suggests that people with TBI may fail to have empathic reactions when asked to passively view emotional expressions.
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Tang, Jingyun, Guang Yu, and Xiaoxu Yao. "Emotional Contagion in the Online Depression Community." Healthcare 9, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121609.
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Negative emotions are prevalent in the online depression community (ODC), which potentially puts members at risk, according to the theory of emotional contagion. However, emotional contagion in the ODC has not been confirmed. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to verify the extent of emotional contagion using data from 1548 sample users in China’s popular ODC. During interaction, the emotional themes were analyzed according to language use. The diurnal patterns of the interaction behaviors were also analyzed. We identified the susceptible groups and analyzed their characteristics. The results confirmed the occurrence of emotional contagion in ODC, that is, the extent to which the user’s emotion was affected by the received emotion. Our study also found that when positive emotional contagion occurred, the replies contained more hopefulness, and when negative emotional contagion occurred, the replies contained more hopelessness and fear. Second, positive emotions were easier to spread, and people with higher activity in ODC were more susceptible. In addition, nighttime was an active period for user interaction. The results can help community managers and support groups take measures to promote the spread of positive emotions and reduce the spread of negative emotions.
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Quiroz, Marco, Raquel Patiño, José Diaz-Amado, and Yudith Cardinale. "Group Emotion Detection Based on Social Robot Perception." Sensors 22, no. 10 (May 14, 2022): 3749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103749.
Full textAbstract:
Social robotics is an emerging area that is becoming present in social spaces, by introducing autonomous social robots. Social robots offer services, perform tasks, and interact with people in such social environments, demanding more efficient and complex Human–Robot Interaction (HRI) designs. A strategy to improve HRI is to provide robots with the capacity of detecting the emotions of the people around them to plan a trajectory, modify their behaviour, and generate an appropriate interaction with people based on the analysed information. However, in social environments in which it is common to find a group of persons, new approaches are needed in order to make robots able to recognise groups of people and the emotion of the groups, which can be also associated with a scene in which the group is participating. Some existing studies are focused on detecting group cohesion and the recognition of group emotions; nevertheless, these works do not focus on performing the recognition tasks from a robocentric perspective, considering the sensory capacity of robots. In this context, a system to recognise scenes in terms of groups of people, to then detect global (prevailing) emotions in a scene, is presented. The approach proposed to visualise and recognise emotions in typical HRI is based on the face size of people recognised by the robot during its navigation (face sizes decrease when the robot moves away from a group of people). On each frame of the video stream of the visual sensor, individual emotions are recognised based on the Visual Geometry Group (VGG) neural network pre-trained to recognise faces (VGGFace); then, to detect the emotion of the frame, individual emotions are aggregated with a fusion method, and consequently, to detect global (prevalent) emotion in the scene (group of people), the emotions of its constituent frames are also aggregated. Additionally, this work proposes a strategy to create datasets with images/videos in order to validate the estimation of emotions in scenes and personal emotions. Both datasets are generated in a simulated environment based on the Robot Operating System (ROS) from videos captured by robots through their sensory capabilities. Tests are performed in two simulated environments in ROS/Gazebo: a museum and a cafeteria. Results show that the accuracy in the detection of individual emotions is 99.79% and the detection of group emotion (scene emotion) in each frame is 90.84% and 89.78% in the cafeteria and the museum scenarios, respectively.