Journal articles: 'People's Republic of China (PRC)'

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Lin, Justin Yifu, and Fan Zhang. "Sustaining Growth of the People's Republic of China." Asian Development Review 32, no. 1 (March 2015): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00045.

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This paper reviews economic growth theory in the framework of economic development and explores the possibility of sustained growth in the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the long run. We argue that the PRC has the potential to sustain relatively high growth rates. First, since the technological gap with major developed countries still exists, the PRC can continue to enjoy its “advantage of backwardness” in the near future. Second, large-scale infrastructure investment, which began several decades ago, may possibly extend to the future and provide the country a basis for further growth. Third, structural readjustment, which is needed in many areas, should similarly be able to support the Chinese economy. This paper argues that to sustain long-term growth in the PRC, a number of general preconditions need to be fulfilled—these include well-functioning markets, a minimum amount of investment, continued structural upgrading, and effective government.

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Kawai, Masahiro, and Li-Gang Liu. "Trilemma Challenges for the People's Republic of China." Asian Development Review 32, no. 1 (March 2015): 49–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00047.

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This paper first reviews recent developments in exchange rate regimes, capital account liberalization, interest rate liberalization, and monetary policymaking in the People's Republic of China (PRC). It then observes that the PRC's monetary policy autonomy may have been reduced with falling capital control effectiveness and a rigid exchange regime that is still tightly managed against the United States (US) dollar. This hypothesis is investigated empirically using both the Taylor rule and a McCallum-like rule to test whether the PRC's money market interest rate and/or quantity of money supply are being increasingly influenced by the US interest rate or reserve accumulation. The paper concludes that there is considerable evidence suggesting diminishing monetary policy autonomy in the PRC. To regain policy autonomy, the monetary authority needs to substantially increase exchange rate flexibility of the renminbi as long as it continues to pursue capital account opening.

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Egger, Peter H., Gabriel Loumeau, and Nicole Püschel. "Natural City Growth in the People's Republic of China." Asian Development Review 34, no. 2 (August 2017): 51–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00095.

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This paper analyzes the growth of Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the PRC between 1992 and 2013 by focusing on the night-light radiance—a measure of economic activity—of connected subcity places that we refer to as a natural city. This paper documents the rapid growth of natural cities in the PRC between 1992 and 2009 that was followed by a slight reduction in the size of some natural cities between 2010 and 2013 in the aftermath of the recent global financial crisis. Institutional factors—such as the location of places near Special Economic Zones, the ramifications of legal migration from rural to urban areas following reforms to the hukou (household registration) system, and infrastructure accessibility—are found to be important drivers of the integration of peripheral places into natural cities.

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Zhou, Lianxi, and Michael K. Hui. "Symbolic Value of Foreign Products in the People's Republic of China." Journal of International Marketing 11, no. 2 (June 2003): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.11.2.36.20163.

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In the People's Republic of China (PRC), consumers have recently shown a tendency to shift away from foreign products in preference for local offerings. Some commentators have speculated that this new market phenomenon is a result of government intervention, consumer ethnocentrism, and improvement in the quality of local products. In this study, the authors offer an alternative reason, which pertains to the fading symbolic value of foreign products in the PRC market. To provide support for their argument, Zhou and Hui present the results of a study of Chinese consumption behaviors involving a foreign, inconspicuous product item (Canadian pork sausage). By using such a privately consumed item, the authors attempt to demonstrate that symbolic benefits (such as modernity, prestige, and associations with foreign lifestyles) constitute one of the primary motivating forces of PRC consumers’ purchases of products of nonlocal origin, including products that may not be commonly regarded as conspicuous. The results challenge the conventional wisdom that improvement in the quality of local products is the main cause of the decreasing competitiveness of foreign products in the PRC. The authors also discuss implications for global marketers with respect to market adaptation and positioning strategies in the PRC.

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Wang, Hong-Chen, Lan-Ying Chen, and Alan H. Lau. "Pharmacy Practice and Education in the People's Republic of China." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 27, no. 10 (October 1993): 1278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809302701019.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the pharmacy profession and the education programs available to train pharmacists in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The practice of pharmacy in the hospital setting and the current development of clinical services are also described. BACKGROUND: There are two streams of medical practices in the PRC: traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Hospital and community pharmacies are responsible for the dispensing of medicinals used for both streams of medical practices. Forty-two colleges of pharmacy offer pharmacy education, half of which provide a Western medicine approach and the other half traditional Chinese medicine. Both types of colleges offer a four-year curriculum with options for specialization. Opportunities for graduate study are also available. Most of the graduates work in hospital pharmacies. Hospital pharmacies participate in the bulk manufacture of drugs and parenteral fluids. A bulk dispensing system is used by some hospitals; individual patient doses are dispensed in others. Recently, the need to develop clinical pharmacy services in PRC was recognized and training courses were begun. Curricula with specialization in clinical pharmacy are being considered by colleges of pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS: It is anticipated that through increased awareness of the potential contribution of pharmacists in the PRC healthcare system, more opportunities for educating pharmacists will be made available to satisfy the vast need of the country. Development of clinical pharmacy services also will be expected to improve the quality of care provided.

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Shambaugh, David. "The People's Liberation Army and the People's Republic at 50: Reform at Last." China Quarterly 159 (September 1999): 660–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000003416.

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The People's Republic of China (PRC) may not have had the opportunity to celebrate 50 years of statehood had it not been for the People's Liberation Army (PLA) – nor, for that matter, is it likely that the PRC would have come into existence in the first place were it not for the PLA (as is evident in Mao's often-cited observation that, “Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun!”). As the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) rode the military to power in 1949, the army also subsequently acted on several occasions to rescue the regime, maintain the Party in power and ergo sustain the People's Republic. The PLA has also been the designated protector of “state sovereignty” and “unifier” of China – acting to incorporate Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria and border regions in the south-west and north-west during the early 1950s, and fighting several border wars against China's neighbours thereafter – and it is the PLA that is ultimately charged with ensuring both that Taiwan does not seek “independence” and that China's territorial claims in the East and South China Seas are protected.

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Shi, Tianjian. "Cultural Values and Democracy in the People's Republic of China." China Quarterly 162 (June 2000): 540–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000008249.

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Are the values and attitudes of ordinary people in the People's Republic of China (PRC) compatible with behaviour necessary for a liberal democracy to evolve? Or are they likely to obstruct such evolution? Some surveys conducted in recent years within the PRC asked people of different backgrounds and residential areas if they were interested in politics and governance issues, if they conversed with others about their political interests, and if they believed they had some control over their political life. These and other related questions produced survey findings which are discussed and interpreted below to provide some conjectures about the questions posed above.

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Perkins, Dwight H. "Understanding the Slowing Growth Rate of the People's Republic of China." Asian Development Review 32, no. 1 (March 2015): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00040.

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It is increasingly accepted that the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of the People's Republic of China (PRC) is slowing down, but the reasons for the slowdown are not yet well understood. Part of the reason is that growth in all countries that reach high-income status slows down when they reach a global research income level that is still far below the level of the highest income countries. In the PRC, on the supply side, this is happening because total factor productivity (TFP) is slowing down whereas, because of slowing labor force growth, it would have to increase in order to maintain near double-digit GDP growth. On the demand side, a low share of household income in GDP has required the PRC to maintain an unusually high rate of investment in transport infrastructure and housing, but the rapid growth in both of these areas is coming to an end. Environmental investment could take up the slack and keep aggregate demand at a level that would fully employ resources. Finally, the PRC has reached the point where the manufacturing share of GDP has peaked and will begin to decline as the economy becomes increasingly service based, but services seldom grow at the double-digit rates that manufacturing is sometimes capable of.

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Olson, Philip. "A Model of Eldercare in the People's Republic of China." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 24, no. 4 (June 1987): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4rre-90c5-hr7e-j0yj.

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Rapid industrialization in the People's Republic of China (PRC) since the late 1970s offers a unique opportunity to explore the relation between the political economy and the social support systems for the growing proportion of the elderly. Four categories of aged are identified and assistance to the aged is provided through three support systems. Analysis reveals that the future of the elderly in the PRC will be greatly influenced by: 1) the political agenda, 2) the degree to which traditional values toward the aged are preserved, 3) the degree to which the eldercare support system continues to be built on the existing social structure, 4) the degree to which the eldercare program becomes institutionalized in the state budget, and 5) the degree to which the elderly continue to be integrated into society.

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Triggs, Gillian. "Asian Nations in Transition to Market Economies and the World Trade Organisation: The Shrimp Case." International Journal of Legal Information 28, no. 2 (2000): 336–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500009124.

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Since the late 1970's the Asian region has witnessed the paradox of socialist nations moving to market or “capitalist” economies. The experiment began with economic reforms in the People's Republic of China (PRC), spreading to the Soviet Union in 1985 with the adoption ofperestroika, to Viet Nam underdoi moiin 1986 and since then to the former republics of the Soviet Union after the ‘cold war’ in 1991. There are now nine countries in transition in the Asian region; the PRC, Viet Nam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Mongolia, Myanmar, Kazakstan, Krygyz Republic and Uzbekistan.

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Cabestan, Jean Pierre. "Taiwan's Mainland Policy: Normalization, Yes; Reunification, Later." China Quarterly 148 (December 1996): 1260–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000050621.

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Since 1949, the spectre of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has constantly dominated Taiwan's political stage. The PRC was considered until the mid-1960s by Chiang Kai-shek, then President of the Republic of China on Taiwan (ROCOT), as a part of the country to be reconquered from the Communist bandits (gongfei). And since the United States′ de-recognition in 1979 the reunification with mainland China has remained one of the key official objectives of the Nationalist regime.

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Park, Donghyun, and Kwanho Shin. "People's Republic of China as an Engine of Growth for Developing Asia?" Asian Economic Papers 10, no. 2 (June 2011): 120–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00086.

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Developing Asia has traditionally relied on exports to the United States and other industrialized countries for demand and growth. As a result, the collapse of exports to the United States and other industrialized countries during the 2008–09 global financial crisis has sharply curtailed GDP growth across the region. The emergence of the People's Republic of China (PRC) as a globally influential economic force is fueling hopes that it can supplement the United States as an additional source of demand and growth. The central objective of this paper is to investigate whether exports to the PRC has a significant and positive effect on the GDP of eight developing Asian countries. Although the study's results indicate that exports to the PRC contributed to developing Asian countries' recovery from the global crisis, it is far too early to make well-informed judgments about the PRC's ability to support Asia's growth in the medium and long term.

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Farhan Muhammad Aditomo and Edy Prasetyono. "Review of the Formulating of the Code of Conduct in South China Sea between ASEAN and the People's Republic of China." Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v9i1.199.

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This paper discusses about ASEAN and the People's Republic of China (PRC)'s resolution attempts in the South China Sea (SCS) dispute. This paper discusses the process of conflict resolution between ASEAN and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the South China Sea (SCS) dispute issue since the declaration of conduct and its following moves were not yet able to formulate the planned code of ethics. This study aims to find out the causes of slow development of the COC of the South China Sea. This research uses qualitative methods to gather both primary and the secondary sources. Regime theory by Krasner is used by this research to see what factors cause both parties to be unable to formulate a code of ethics in the South China Sea. The conclusion from this research is the COC's development as a security regime in the South China Sea.

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Beamish, Paul W. "The Characteristics of Joint Ventures in the People's Republic of China." Journal of International Marketing 1, no. 2 (June 1993): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9300100203.

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This paper compares the characteristics of international equity joint ventures in the People's Republic of China (PRC) with joint ventures in developing country market economies. The characteristics of Sino-foreign joint ventures were derived from twelve studies published since 1986, including the author's new sample. Twelve joint venture characteristics are reviewed along dimensions of design, management and performance. Joint ventures in PRC are frequently used, created due to government pressure and with government partners, and often formed with partners from ethnically related countries. Further, many intended joint ventures are never implemented, and those that are implemented have often been set up for a predetermined duration. The foreign partner most commonly has a minority equity position, and those who have used split control have seen stronger performance. Overall joint venture stability has been high, but is expected to decline, and foreign partner satisfaction with performance is low.

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Joanne Chang, Jaw-ling. "Negotiation Negotiation of the 17 August 1982 U.S.—PRC Arms Communiqué: Beijing's Negotiating Tactics." China Quarterly 125 (March 1991): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000030290.

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On 17 August 1982 the United States and the People's Republic of China publicly announced their joint communiqué concerning the question of American arms sales to Taiwan. This agreement was reached after 10 months of negotiations. While reiterating that it was not pursuing a policy of “two Chinas” or “one China, one Taiwan,” the United States offered the following statement on the question of arms sales to Taiwan:

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Sun, Wei. "SPC Instruction Provides New Opportunities for International Arbitral Institutions to Expand into China." Journal of International Arbitration 31, Issue 6 (December 1, 2014): 683–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2014032.

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Are foreign arbitral institutions allowed to hear cases seated in China? Scholars and practitioners have debated it heatedly for many years and no definite answer have been found in Chinese laws and regulations. A recently published instruction of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China (PRC) clarified this issue. This instruction could open up the Chinese arbitration market for established international players.

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Wang, Xu, Zhuan Xie, Xiaobo Zhang, and Yiping Huang. "Roads to innovation: Firm-level evidence from People's Republic of China (PRC)." China Economic Review 49 (June 2018): 154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2017.12.012.

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Shealy, Jasper E. "Human Factors in the People's Republic of China: Some Observations Based on a Faculty Exchange Program." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 3 (September 1987): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100306.

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The author spent two months as a Faculty member participating in a faculty exchange program in the People's Republic of China. While there, he taught an undergraduate course in Human Factors Engineering in Machine and Workplace design. He also conducted a week long seminar for factory engineering personnel and engineering faculty on the same topics. He consulted with industry and traveled extensively in China during this time. This paper is based on his experiences and observations. Specific topics are: 1) quality and nature of students in the PRC vs. the US, Japan and Europe; 2) Programs in Human Factors in the PRC; 3) Academic Engineering Laboratories in the PRC and 4) Safety Engineering in the PRC.

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Pomelova, Yulia. "Protest actions of the Tibetans in the People's Republic of China." Конфликтология / nota bene, no. 2 (February 2021): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2021.2.35553.

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This article examines the methods of protest actions of the Tibetans residing in the territory of the People's Republic of China. The inability for legal self-organization and representation of the interests of ethnic minorities in the public space of PRC leads to the emergence of new forms of expressing protest moods, such as social network movements. Tibetan Buddhism is an important element of integration and construction of the identity of Tibetan society, which intensifies both positive and negative effects of China’s religious policy, and thus, causes various forms of disturbances from individual protest to large-scale temporary training centers of Tibetan Buddhism. The Russian scientific literature on the “Tibetan question” gives ample attention to China's religious policy pertaining to the Tibetan Buddhism monasteries and protests of Tibetan monks. The monasteries that have consolidated the religious and political power since the region became part of PRC, received particular attention of the party; organization and participation of the Tibetan monks and nuns in the protests seemed as the logical continuation of their traditional social role. The article systematizes the methods of protest activity of laity Tibetans, who believed that opposing the state policy implies the defense of their identity, which subsides due to the state homogenization project.

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Wu, Weijing. "Commencement of Bankruptcy Proceedings in China." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 35, no. 2 (August 1, 2004): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v35i2.5648.

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Recent events and developments in China's economic reform have exposed the inadequacy of China's bankruptcy infrastructure. In this context, a new People's Republic of China (PRC) bankruptcy law has been proposed. This essay examines the problems in the most recent draft pertaining to the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings. In contrast with the bankruptcy laws of the United States and France, China's draft presents ambiguities and imperfections in the threshold requirement. Accordingly, further improvements have been proposed to facilitate the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings in the PRC.

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GORDIENKO, D. V. "ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP OF THE STRATEGIC TRIANGLE COUNTRIES RUSSIAN FEDERATION – PRC – USA. Part 3: Economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 1, no. 8 (2021): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.08.01.021.

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The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China on the economic relations of the countries of the strategic triangle Russia – China – the United States. An approach to the analysis of trade and investment cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China, which determines the interdependence of the national economies of these countries, is proposed. This allows us to give a forecast of the development of economic relations between the countries of the strategic triangle. The results of the analysis can be used to justify recommendations to the leadership of our country. The conclusion is made: the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China are important economic partners for each other.

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FU, Frank, and Xirang YANG. "Development of Sports Science in China." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 3, no. 1 (June 1, 1997): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.31178.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Sports Science is a relatively new discipline which utilizes a multi-disciplinary approach to formulate its subject matter. Prior to 1949, the emphasis in the People's Republic of China (PRC) was more on the organization of sports e.g. in the organization of sports competitions and participation in the Olympics. The emphasis on producing world class athletes in the PRC has focused on the need to integrate the theories in sports science with the practical implications on the sports field. The paper intends to give a brief description of the development of sports science in the PRC during the past 40 years.

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Kobets, Petr N. "The Establishment and Development of Local Government Authorities of the People's Republic of China." State power and local self-government 11 (November 19, 2020): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1247-2020-11-51-55.

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The relevance of the research is primarily due to the fact that most of the aspects of the development of local government in China, despite a number of errors and Chinese specifics, do not cease to be of interest to many countries, especially the States of the post-Soviet space. In this regard, the author has attempted to analyze the formation and functioning of local organs of state administration in China. In the course of the research, the author found that local self-government in China began to be built as an institution in the early 1950s, and finally formed in the 2000s, despite the fact that community traditions in the agricultural areas of China began to take shape during the ruling Western Han dynasty. The most important reason why various aspects of Chinese local self-government attract the attention of domestic sinologists is the annually increasing global role of the PRC in global political and economic processes. In this combination, it is obvious that the system of local government of the PRC is unique and effective, and the experience of the PRC in the formation and organization of the functioning of the local government system can be used by the Russian Federation in the process of optimizing local government.

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Sjöholm, Fredrik, and Nannan Lundin. "Foreign Firms and Indigenous Technology Development in the People's Republic of China." Asian Development Review 30, no. 2 (September 2013): 49–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00015.

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The People's Republic of China (PRC) is currently promoting indigenous technology development through support of Chinese firms and, arguably, by restricting operations of foreign multinational firms. This policy seems to overlook the impact of foreign firms on technology development in local firms. For instance, technology might leak out to local firms though spillovers. Moreover, competition from foreign firms might force local firms to engage in technology development. We examine the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on technology development in the PRC. We start by surveying a large and growing literature on FDI and spillovers in the country. Most previous studies find evidence of positive spillovers. We then continue to examine the effect of FDI on competition in the Chinese manufacturing sector and the effect of competition on firms’ research and development (R&D). Our analysis is conducted on a large dataset including all large- and medium-sized Chinese firms over the period 1998–2004. Our results show that FDI increases competition but there are no strong indications of competition affecting investments in R&D.

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Shambaugh, David. "Exploring the Complexities of Contemporary Taiwan." China Quarterly 148 (December 1996): 1045–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000050530.

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Taiwan entered the international spotlight in 1996. No longer seen as just an economic powerhouse and diplomatic dilemma, the Republic of China on Taiwan (ROCOT) caught international attention in two new dimensions: politics and security. In March the ROCOT's first ever direct presidential election took place against the backdrop of unprecedented military coercion from the People's Republic of China (PRC). The world watched nervously as Taiwan's presidential candidates campaigned while Chinese missiles landed near the island's two major ports and air and naval forces of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) held live-fire exercises in the Taiwan Strait.

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LIU, MINQUAN. "GROWTH AND EQUITY IN CHINA: PATTERN, CAUSES AND CHALLENGES." Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 03, no. 03 (August 14, 2012): 1250017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993312500172.

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Many factors have shaped the current pattern of growth and equity in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Among them are the foundations laid before 1978, especially in respect of land-related institutions and social sector investments. These successfully complemented the PRC's subsequent export and FDI promotion strategies. In the forthcoming decades, it will be important for the PRC to expand its domestic demand, improve on income distribution, and increase social sector investments. Greater social protections, higher wages and increased public spending on education can all help the PRC to meet these challenges to ensure sustained economic growth and development.

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Zhu, Ying, and Iain Campbell. "Individual Labour Contracts in People's Republic of China Enterprises." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 18, Issue 1 (March 1, 2002): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/405334.

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Individual labour contracts have been widely introduced within enterprises in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Their development and generalisation have been a key element in a more general project of economic reform, aimed at replacing the traditional system of employment relations with a new system consonant with the notion of a 'socialist market economy'. This paper draws on fieldwork research conducted in mid-1999, including interviews with managers in seven enterprises in Beijing, Shanghai and Zhejiang provinces, in order to examine the practice of the labour contract system at the enterprise level. It focuses on the extent and significance of the varied forms of labour contract, their content, how they are negotiated and used at enterprise level, and their impact on employment relations. Labour contracts are designed by management in accordance with statutory requirements and templates supplied by the local Labour Bureaus. Our research confirms that labour contracts are indeed widespread. However, it also suggests that the form of the labour contract provides few clues to the practice within the enterprise. This undercuts the expectations — whether in hope or fear — that the labour contracts might be used as a lever for re-defining rights and benefits at the enterprise level.

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Ong, Kingsley T. W., and Colin R. Baxter. "A Comparative Study of the Fundamental Elements of Chinese and English Company Law." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 48, no. 1 (January 1999): 88–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300062898.

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The People's Republic of China (hereafter “PRC” or “China”) is set to attain a leading position in the world economy. Headlines such as “the giant awakes” have been in common usage for some time.1 European businesses have come to realise that China cannot be ignored. Their legal advisers should follow suit. This explains the motivation for this article.

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McLean, Gary N. "Quanxi in the People’s Republic of China (PRC)." Advances in Developing Human Resources 3, no. 1 (February 2001): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15234220122237969.

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May, Anthony, and XiaoLu Ma. "Hong Kong: Changing Geographies of a Media Capital." Media International Australia 124, no. 1 (August 2007): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0712400115.

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Thanks to its stunning entry into the ranks of world cinema in the 1970s, the history of the Hong Kong film industry up to 1997 is relatively well known. However, the coincidence of the Asian economic recession and the city's reintegration into the People's Republic of China (PRC) has worked to obscure recent developments. This article analyses contemporary Hong Kong cinema and its relations with the government of the mainland. We argue that the economic, cultural and geopolitical location of the city is contributing to developments that will allow the art cinema of the People's Republic of China to engage in international, Hollywood-dominated markets. Matters to do with production investment, censorship and film exhibition business are analysed in terms of the development of and revisions to the Closer Economic Partnership arrangement that now governs trade between the PRC and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR).

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Smart, Josephine. "Capitalist Production Under Socialism in the People's Republic of China (PRC) Since 1978." Anthropology of Work Review 16, no. 3-4 (September 1995): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/awr.1995.16.3-4.14.

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Leung, T. K. P., Y. H. Wong, and J. L. M. Tam. "Adaptation and the Relationship Building Process in the People's Republic of China (PRC)." Journal of International Consumer Marketing 8, no. 2 (September 18, 1995): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j046v08n02_02.

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Y.S. Tan, Professor. "Special issue on optical NDE methods in the People's Republic of China (PRC)." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 25, no. 2-3 (August 1996): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-8166(95)00055-0.

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Cheung, Eleanor. "Higher Vocational Education in China in Response to the Changing Needs of the Labour Market beyond 2000." Industry and Higher Education 10, no. 4 (August 1996): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229601000408.

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The People's Republic of China (PRC) announced its ‘Open Door’ in 1980. Foreign investors have started up their enterprises in China largely with the help of imported expertise — top executives, management personnel, and even technicians in these companies are, with the exception of a few senior managers assigned by Chinese partners, very predominantly expatriates. In addition, educational institutions in the PRC have long been criticized for their failure to provide expertise for economic growth. Reforms in higher vocational education are needed in order for China to cope with her economic growth beyond 2000.

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Chung, Chien-peng. "Has China's Anti-Secession Law Made the World a Safer Place?" China Report 41, no. 4 (October 2005): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944550504100408.

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The Anti-Secession Law enacted on 14 March 2005 by the highest legislature of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the National People's Congress, establishes for the first time a legal basis for the possible use of military use of force by the PRC against Taiwan. It may also be read as an attempt by the PRC to pursue a steady relationship with Taiwan by putting it on a quasi-legal footing. This comment analyses the Law from different aspects for its purpose, meaning and fallout for the PRC, Taiwan, the Asia-Pacific region and the rest of the world. The comment argues that the Law actually makes East Asia a more peaceful and secure environment than before its enactment.

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Barrett, Gordon. "China's “People's Diplomacy” and the Pugwash Conferences, 1957–1964." Journal of Cold War Studies 20, no. 1 (April 2018): 140–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00803.

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Newly available archival sources in China illuminate how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) used transnational initiatives to advance its aims. This article explores Chinese interaction with the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs from 1957 to 1964 and discusses how the People's Republic of China (PRC) made deliberate use of transnational initiatives to further its own Cold War strategy and foreign policy. High-ranking CCP officials were directly involved in selecting China's scientific participants, shaping their message, and determining their objectives at the conferences, including winning over potentially sympathetic foreign scientists, demonstrating Sino-Soviet solidarity and, in 1960, potentially establishing back-channel communications with the incoming Kennedy administration in the United States. Chinese scientists’ involvement in Pugwash shows that transnational relations mattered to the PRC during the Cold War and, more broadly, underscores the importance of governments in transnational relations.

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Kong, Qingjiang. "Enforcement of Hong Kong Sar Court Judgments in the People's Republic of China." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 49, no. 4 (October 2000): 867–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300064691.

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On 1 July 1997 Hong Kong entered a new era when it was transformed from a British colony into a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The impact of the handover of Hong Kong cannot be overstated but, for the time being perhaps, may lie more in the sphere of ideology than in institutions.

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Wilcox, Emily E. "Beyond Internal Orientalism: Dance and Nationality Discourse in the Early People's Republic of China, 1949–1954." Journal of Asian Studies 75, no. 2 (March 16, 2016): 363–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911815002090.

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Representations of dancing minorities have often been viewed in contemporary Chinese studies as examples of a broader discursive practice of “internal Orientalism,” a concept developed by anthropologists in the mid-1990s, based on fieldwork conducted in the 1980s and early 1990s. A historical examination of state-sponsored minority dance in the early PRC (1949–54) suggests that internal Orientalism may not be a generalizable explanatory framework for minority dance and its relationship to PRC nationality discourse. During a time when external military threats to the nascent PRC loomed large, long-standing ethnic stereotypes were perceived as a vulnerability to national security and targeted for reform through new policies of state multiculturalism. Thus, rather than portraying minorities as exotic, erotic, and primitive, early PRC dance constructed minorities as models of cultural sophistication, civility, and respectability. Likewise, rather than envisioning a developmental hierarchy between Han and minority dance, national performing arts institutions established during this period constructed Han and minority dance as parallel modes of ethnic performance categorized together as a new genre, “Chinese folk dance.”

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Usmanova, Ilina Radikovna, Vitaly Anatolievich Epshteyn, Rustem Ravilevich Muhametzyanov, and Aygul Irekovna Akhmetova. "History of China's policy development in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the second half of the XX - the beginning of the XXI century." Laplage em Revista 6, Extra-A (December 14, 2020): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020206extra-a553p.39-45.

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The article discusses the national policy of the People's Republic of China in relation to the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Recently, the national question in the PRC has been raised again. Its relevance is due not only to the tragic events that took place in the XUAR, but also to the grandiose plans that were set by the PRC leadership on the eve of the upcoming anniversary of the country. Relations with many peoples that are part of the PRC have a long history of development. This article will discuss the history of the development of Chinese policy towards the Uighurs, who are the predominant ethnic group in the territory of the XUAR. Not only the prestige of the PRC in the international arena, but also the implementation of several economic projects depends on how this issue is resolved soon.

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Venero, Ramón J., and Yunshan Lian. "The Role of Culture in FDI in the PRC." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 5, no. 1 (January 2014): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.2014010103.

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This paper examines the role that culture plays in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Using examples of inward FDI from mostly western Multinational Corporations (MNCs), the implication of Chinese culture, Transaction Cost Theory, and modes of entry are discussed. The authors suggest that the increase in, and the rate of direct FDI in the PRC (prior to the current worldwide economic crisis) raises important issues with respect to employment and talent management issues and organizations would be wise to consider the mode of entry and management practices if they are to be successful in China.

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Li, Chao, and John Gibson. "Spatial Price Differences and Inequality in the People's Republic of China: Housing Market Evidence." Asian Development Review 31, no. 1 (March 2014): 92–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00024.

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The large literature on regional inequality in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is hampered by incomplete evidence on price dispersion across space, making it hard to distinguish real and nominal inequality. The two main methods used to calculate spatial deflators have been to price a national basket of goods and services across different regions in the country or else to estimate a food Engel curve and define the deflator as that needed for nominally similar households to have the same food budget shares in all regions. Neither approach is convincing with the data available. Moreover, a focus on tradable goods such as food may be misplaced because of the emerging literature on the rapid convergence of traded goods prices within the PRC that contrasts with earlier claims of fragmented internal markets. In a setting where traded goods prices converge rapidly, the main source of price dispersion across space should come from nontraded items, and especially from housing given the fixity of land. In this paper we use newly available data on dwelling sales in urban PRC to develop spatially-disaggregated indices of house prices which are then used as spatial deflators for both provinces and core urban districts. These new deflators complement existing approaches that have relied more on traded goods prices and are used to re-examine the evidence on the level of regional inequality. Around one-quarter of the apparent spatial inequality disappears once account is taken of cost-of-living differences.

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Gershaneck, Kerry K. "Political Warfare: The People's Republic of China's Strategy "to Win without Fighting"." Journal of Advanced Military Studies 11, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 64–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21140/mcuj.2020110103.

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The Commandant of the Marine Corps has identified the People’s Republic of China (PRC) as an existential threat to the United States in the long term. To successfully confront this threat, the United States must relearn how to fight on the political warfare battlefield. Although increasingly capable militarily, the PRC employs political warfare as its primary weapon to destroy its adversaries. However, America no longer has the capacity to compete and win on the political warfare battlefield: this capacity atrophied in the nearly three decades following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Failure to understand China’s political warfare and how to fight it may well lead to America’s strategic defeat before initiation of armed conflict and to operational defeat of U.S. military forces on the battlefield. The study concludes with recommendations the U.S. government must take to successfully counter this existential threat.

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GORDIENKO, D. V. "ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP OF THE STRATEGIC TRIANGLE COUNTRIES RUSSIAN FEDERATION – PRC – USA. Part 1: Economic cooperation between the US and the People's Republic of China." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 7 (2021): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.07.02.019.

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The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of economic cooperation between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China on the economic relations of the countries of the strategic triangle Russia – China – the United States. An approach to the analysis of trade and investment cooperation between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, which determines the interdependence of the two largest national economies in the world, is proposed. The results of the analysis can be used to justify recommendations to the leadership of our country. The conclusion is made: despite the trade war between the United States and China, these countries continue to remain important economic partners for each other.

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Liu, Joan. "Beyond the Border: Chinese Legal Information in Cyberspace." International Journal of Legal Information 29, no. 1 (2001): 120–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500000871.

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In a broad sense, “China law” ought to be comprised of four components: (1) the laws of the People's Republic of China (PRC); (2) the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), a former British colony handed back to the PRC in 1997, which still employs the common law system; (3) the laws of the Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR), a former Portuguese colony which was returned to China in 1999, but has kept the original legal system; and (4) the laws of Taiwan which, as the remaining part of the former Republic of China, has developed a distinct legal system different from that of the mainland after the Nationalists lost the civil war to the Communists in 1949. However, “China law” is commonly referred as the laws of the PRC, which was constituted in 1949 when the new government was founded. This article will mainly review the legal resources of the laws of the PRC in electronic formats, including databases, websites, CD-ROM products, and other non-print materials, but not traditional print resources. The legal resources of the laws of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan will be discussed in future articles.

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denton, kirk a. "museums, memorial sites and exhibitionary culture in the people's republic of china." China Quarterly 183 (September 2005): 565–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741005000366.

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this article presents an overview of post-mao museum representations of modern chinese history. the focus is on changing exhibitionary practices and historical narratives in prc history museums in the period of market reforms and globalization. it shows how new museum architecture, the place of museum buildings in the cityscape and new exhibitionary technologies (such as multimedia displays, dioramas, miniatures) are tied to new narratives of history that serve the interests of the ideology of market reform. conventional socialist narratives of martyrdom and revolutionary liberation have not disappeared by any means, but they are being reshaped to downplay class issues and to legitimize commercial interests, a work ethic ideology and nationalism.

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Martin, Garret. "Playing the China Card? Revisiting France's Recognition of Communist China, 1963–1964." Journal of Cold War Studies 10, no. 1 (January 2008): 52–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2008.10.1.52.

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On 27 January 1964, France and the People's Republic of China (PRC) officially established diplomatic relations. This was the first time since 1950 that a major power had recognized the PRC. The French initiative caused an international uproar and generated extensive debate about the motivations of French President General Charles de Gaulle. This article uses new archival materials to look closely at de Gaulle's decision and to show how the new links with Communist China fit into France's larger strategy in the Cold War. Although domestic political considerations helped to spur de Gaulle's action, the new documentary evidence makes clear that de Gaulle also was determined to establish France as a major actor on the world scene that could forge a middle path between the United States and the Soviet Union.

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Chen, Xing, and Jintao Xu. "Carbon Trading Scheme in the People's Republic of China: Evaluating the Performance of Seven Pilot Projects." Asian Development Review 35, no. 2 (August 2018): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00117.

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The People's Republic of China (PRC) launched seven emissions trading scheme (ETS) pilot projects in 2013–2014 to explore a cost-effective approach for low-carbon development. The central government subsequently announced its plans for the full-fledged implementation of ETS in the entire PRC in late 2017. To ensure the success of ETS in the PRC, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the experiences and lessons learned in the pilot projects. In this paper, we provide a policy overview of the seven pilot projects, including policy design, legislative basis, and market performance. We use the synthetic control method to evaluate the carbon mitigation effect of each of the seven ETS pilots. Our findings are that success has been limited and uneven across the pilot projects, which warrants deeper evaluation of the differences between them and caution in scheme expansion. Results from the analysis also shed light on policy improvements that can benefit the nationwide development of ETS.

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Greenlee, Michael J. "A King Who Devours His People+: Jiang Zemin and the Falun Gong Crackdown: A Bibliography." International Journal of Legal Information 34, no. 3 (2006): 556–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073112650000175x.

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In July 1999, the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) began an official crackdown against the qigong cultivation group known as Falun Gong. Intended to quickly contain and eliminate what the PRC considers an evil or heretical cult (xiejiao), the suppression has instead created the longest sustained and, since the Tiananmen Square protests of June 1989, most widely known human rights protest conducted in the PRC. The Falun Gong has received worldwide recognition and support while the crackdown continues to provoke harsh criticism against the PRC as new allegations of human rights violations arise.

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Shambaugh, David. "Taiwan's Security: Maintaining Deterrence Amid Political Accountability." China Quarterly 148 (December 1996): 1284–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000050633.

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The international relations scholar Arnold Wolfers once noted that national security was an “ambiguous symbol.” While the Republic of China on Taiwan's (hereafter ROCOT or Taiwan) international status has certainly been ambiguous in recent years, its security has been crystal clear. Taiwan has lived under the threat of military attack or other coercive measures from the People's Republic of China (PRC) since 1949. The mainland Chinese authorities have repeatedly refused to renounce the use of force against Taiwan, claiming it a potentially necessary tool to reunify what it considers to be a renegade province with the “motherland.” As long as Taiwan lives under the threat of military force and coercion from the PRC, this will have a defining impact on the island's domestic life and international profile.

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Pascoe, Daniel, and Michelle Miao. "VICTIM–PERPETRATOR RECONCILIATION AGREEMENTS:WHAT CAN MUSLIM-MAJORITY JURISDICTIONS AND THE PRC LEARN FROM EACH OTHER?" International and Comparative Law Quarterly 66, no. 4 (October 2017): 963–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589317000409.

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AbstractAs States that use the death penalty liberally in a world that increasingly favours abolition, the Muslim-majority jurisdictions that are strict exponents of Islamic law and the People's Republic of China share a crucial commonality: their frequent use of victim–perpetrator reconciliation agreements to remove convicted murderers from the threat of execution. In both cases, rather than a prisoner's last chance at escaping execution being recourse to executive clemency, victim–perpetrator reconciliation agreements fulfil largely the same purpose, together with providing means of compensating victims for economic loss, and enabling the State concerned to reduce execution numbers without formally limiting the death penalty's scope in law. Utilizing the functionalist approach of comparative law methodology, this article compares the 13 death penalty retentionist nations that have incorporated Islamic law principles into their positive criminal law with the People's Republic of China, as to the functions underpinning victim–perpetrator reconciliation agreements in death penalty cases.

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Journal articles on the topic 'People's Republic of China (PRC)'

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