Relevant bibliographies by topics / People's Republic of China (PRC)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'People's Republic of China (PRC)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "People's Republic of China (PRC)"

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Lin, Justin Yifu, and Fan Zhang. "Sustaining Growth of the People's Republic of China." Asian Development Review 32, no. 1 (March 2015): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00045.

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This paper reviews economic growth theory in the framework of economic development and explores the possibility of sustained growth in the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the long run. We argue that the PRC has the potential to sustain relatively high growth rates. First, since the technological gap with major developed countries still exists, the PRC can continue to enjoy its “advantage of backwardness” in the near future. Second, large-scale infrastructure investment, which began several decades ago, may possibly extend to the future and provide the country a basis for further growth. Third, structural readjustment, which is needed in many areas, should similarly be able to support the Chinese economy. This paper argues that to sustain long-term growth in the PRC, a number of general preconditions need to be fulfilled—these include well-functioning markets, a minimum amount of investment, continued structural upgrading, and effective government.
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Kawai, Masahiro, and Li-Gang Liu. "Trilemma Challenges for the People's Republic of China." Asian Development Review 32, no. 1 (March 2015): 49–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00047.

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This paper first reviews recent developments in exchange rate regimes, capital account liberalization, interest rate liberalization, and monetary policymaking in the People's Republic of China (PRC). It then observes that the PRC's monetary policy autonomy may have been reduced with falling capital control effectiveness and a rigid exchange regime that is still tightly managed against the United States (US) dollar. This hypothesis is investigated empirically using both the Taylor rule and a McCallum-like rule to test whether the PRC's money market interest rate and/or quantity of money supply are being increasingly influenced by the US interest rate or reserve accumulation. The paper concludes that there is considerable evidence suggesting diminishing monetary policy autonomy in the PRC. To regain policy autonomy, the monetary authority needs to substantially increase exchange rate flexibility of the renminbi as long as it continues to pursue capital account opening.
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Egger, Peter H., Gabriel Loumeau, and Nicole Püschel. "Natural City Growth in the People's Republic of China." Asian Development Review 34, no. 2 (August 2017): 51–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00095.

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This paper analyzes the growth of Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the PRC between 1992 and 2013 by focusing on the night-light radiance—a measure of economic activity—of connected subcity places that we refer to as a natural city. This paper documents the rapid growth of natural cities in the PRC between 1992 and 2009 that was followed by a slight reduction in the size of some natural cities between 2010 and 2013 in the aftermath of the recent global financial crisis. Institutional factors—such as the location of places near Special Economic Zones, the ramifications of legal migration from rural to urban areas following reforms to the hukou (household registration) system, and infrastructure accessibility—are found to be important drivers of the integration of peripheral places into natural cities.
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Zhou, Lianxi, and Michael K. Hui. "Symbolic Value of Foreign Products in the People's Republic of China." Journal of International Marketing 11, no. 2 (June 2003): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.11.2.36.20163.

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In the People's Republic of China (PRC), consumers have recently shown a tendency to shift away from foreign products in preference for local offerings. Some commentators have speculated that this new market phenomenon is a result of government intervention, consumer ethnocentrism, and improvement in the quality of local products. In this study, the authors offer an alternative reason, which pertains to the fading symbolic value of foreign products in the PRC market. To provide support for their argument, Zhou and Hui present the results of a study of Chinese consumption behaviors involving a foreign, inconspicuous product item (Canadian pork sausage). By using such a privately consumed item, the authors attempt to demonstrate that symbolic benefits (such as modernity, prestige, and associations with foreign lifestyles) constitute one of the primary motivating forces of PRC consumers’ purchases of products of nonlocal origin, including products that may not be commonly regarded as conspicuous. The results challenge the conventional wisdom that improvement in the quality of local products is the main cause of the decreasing competitiveness of foreign products in the PRC. The authors also discuss implications for global marketers with respect to market adaptation and positioning strategies in the PRC.
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Wang, Hong-Chen, Lan-Ying Chen, and Alan H. Lau. "Pharmacy Practice and Education in the People's Republic of China." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 27, no. 10 (October 1993): 1278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809302701019.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the pharmacy profession and the education programs available to train pharmacists in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The practice of pharmacy in the hospital setting and the current development of clinical services are also described. BACKGROUND: There are two streams of medical practices in the PRC: traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Hospital and community pharmacies are responsible for the dispensing of medicinals used for both streams of medical practices. Forty-two colleges of pharmacy offer pharmacy education, half of which provide a Western medicine approach and the other half traditional Chinese medicine. Both types of colleges offer a four-year curriculum with options for specialization. Opportunities for graduate study are also available. Most of the graduates work in hospital pharmacies. Hospital pharmacies participate in the bulk manufacture of drugs and parenteral fluids. A bulk dispensing system is used by some hospitals; individual patient doses are dispensed in others. Recently, the need to develop clinical pharmacy services in PRC was recognized and training courses were begun. Curricula with specialization in clinical pharmacy are being considered by colleges of pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS: It is anticipated that through increased awareness of the potential contribution of pharmacists in the PRC healthcare system, more opportunities for educating pharmacists will be made available to satisfy the vast need of the country. Development of clinical pharmacy services also will be expected to improve the quality of care provided.
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Shambaugh, David. "The People's Liberation Army and the People's Republic at 50: Reform at Last." China Quarterly 159 (September 1999): 660–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000003416.

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The People's Republic of China (PRC) may not have had the opportunity to celebrate 50 years of statehood had it not been for the People's Liberation Army (PLA) – nor, for that matter, is it likely that the PRC would have come into existence in the first place were it not for the PLA (as is evident in Mao's often-cited observation that, “Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun!”). As the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) rode the military to power in 1949, the army also subsequently acted on several occasions to rescue the regime, maintain the Party in power and ergo sustain the People's Republic. The PLA has also been the designated protector of “state sovereignty” and “unifier” of China – acting to incorporate Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria and border regions in the south-west and north-west during the early 1950s, and fighting several border wars against China's neighbours thereafter – and it is the PLA that is ultimately charged with ensuring both that Taiwan does not seek “independence” and that China's territorial claims in the East and South China Seas are protected.
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Shi, Tianjian. "Cultural Values and Democracy in the People's Republic of China." China Quarterly 162 (June 2000): 540–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000008249.

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Are the values and attitudes of ordinary people in the People's Republic of China (PRC) compatible with behaviour necessary for a liberal democracy to evolve? Or are they likely to obstruct such evolution? Some surveys conducted in recent years within the PRC asked people of different backgrounds and residential areas if they were interested in politics and governance issues, if they conversed with others about their political interests, and if they believed they had some control over their political life. These and other related questions produced survey findings which are discussed and interpreted below to provide some conjectures about the questions posed above.
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Perkins, Dwight H. "Understanding the Slowing Growth Rate of the People's Republic of China." Asian Development Review 32, no. 1 (March 2015): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00040.

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It is increasingly accepted that the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of the People's Republic of China (PRC) is slowing down, but the reasons for the slowdown are not yet well understood. Part of the reason is that growth in all countries that reach high-income status slows down when they reach a global research income level that is still far below the level of the highest income countries. In the PRC, on the supply side, this is happening because total factor productivity (TFP) is slowing down whereas, because of slowing labor force growth, it would have to increase in order to maintain near double-digit GDP growth. On the demand side, a low share of household income in GDP has required the PRC to maintain an unusually high rate of investment in transport infrastructure and housing, but the rapid growth in both of these areas is coming to an end. Environmental investment could take up the slack and keep aggregate demand at a level that would fully employ resources. Finally, the PRC has reached the point where the manufacturing share of GDP has peaked and will begin to decline as the economy becomes increasingly service based, but services seldom grow at the double-digit rates that manufacturing is sometimes capable of.
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Olson, Philip. "A Model of Eldercare in the People's Republic of China." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 24, no. 4 (June 1987): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4rre-90c5-hr7e-j0yj.

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Rapid industrialization in the People's Republic of China (PRC) since the late 1970s offers a unique opportunity to explore the relation between the political economy and the social support systems for the growing proportion of the elderly. Four categories of aged are identified and assistance to the aged is provided through three support systems. Analysis reveals that the future of the elderly in the PRC will be greatly influenced by: 1) the political agenda, 2) the degree to which traditional values toward the aged are preserved, 3) the degree to which the eldercare support system continues to be built on the existing social structure, 4) the degree to which the eldercare program becomes institutionalized in the state budget, and 5) the degree to which the elderly continue to be integrated into society.
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Triggs, Gillian. "Asian Nations in Transition to Market Economies and the World Trade Organisation: The Shrimp Case." International Journal of Legal Information 28, no. 2 (2000): 336–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500009124.

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Since the late 1970's the Asian region has witnessed the paradox of socialist nations moving to market or “capitalist” economies. The experiment began with economic reforms in the People's Republic of China (PRC), spreading to the Soviet Union in 1985 with the adoption ofperestroika, to Viet Nam underdoi moiin 1986 and since then to the former republics of the Soviet Union after the ‘cold war’ in 1991. There are now nine countries in transition in the Asian region; the PRC, Viet Nam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Mongolia, Myanmar, Kazakstan, Krygyz Republic and Uzbekistan.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "People's Republic of China (PRC)"

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Papadimos, Andrew, and n/a. "Australia, Taiwan and the PRC: Evolving Relations." Griffith University. School of Asian and International Studies, 1994. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050831.170440.

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In December 1972 the Australian government recognised the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) at the cost of breaking off all official contacts with Taiwan. Despite the initial shock to Australia-Taiwan relations of derecognition, trade contacts between Australia and Taiwan have continued to flourish, and in recent years, political relations between the two have also been improving. This thesis examines reasons behind the recent improvements in Australia-Taiwan relations and ways in which such improvements have been implemented - given the constraints that Australia has no official contacts with Taiwan. With its main focus as trade, this thesis shows that Taiwan's importance to Australia has been slowly evolving such that Taiwan is at present a more important and reliable trading partner to Australia than is the PRC. Improvements have been occurring in Australia-Taiwan political relations, therefore, primarily as a consequence of Taiwan's growing importanée in the Australian marketplace.
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Frye, Tony. "Economic Zone Policy as an Agent of Rapid Economic Growth: The Case of the People's Republic of China." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1187362851.

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Burathoki, Tunna P. "China and peripheral conflicts." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Arts, 2004. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00002825/.

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[Abstract]: China’s enormous size and stature as a new hub of economic growth in tandem with its military modernisation make China a rising power. The strategic consequences of China’s economic growth synergised with its military muscles are multiple and profound, especially, for the neighbours in its conflict-prone periphery. The aim of this dissertation is not only to assess the importance and complexities of conflicts in the periphery of China, but also about the necessity for the neighbours to coexist with a more powerful China. At the same time, in the Chinese geopolitical context, domestic stability and hence, the CCP’s legitimacy has been perpetually paramount, and external threats or conflicts are usually perceived in the context of aggravating domestic and international stability, thereby hampering its strategic aim of achieving global economic command and power-projection military capability.With the dawn of 21st century, China is grooving to an exuberant global beat, the intensity of conflicts along China’s periphery has dimmed to such an extent that its political, economic, and social order will probably not disintegrate into chaos in the near future. Instead, China’s rapidly growing economic capacity and its soaring prestige in faraway capitals like Washington and Paris has meant an expansion of Chinese “soft power”, i.e., an assertive China with an ability to get what it wants by attracting and persuading others to adopt its goals, instead of blunt economic and military coercion. And, China could reasonably be expected to manage most, if not all, the conflicts in its periphery to its own advantage. These include: efforts to augment its military capabilities in a manner commensurate with its increased economic muscle and acquire new allies and underwrite the protection of others in its periphery. It is unlikely that the PRC will actually acquire new or reclaim old territory for China’s resources or for symbolic reasons by penalizing, if necessary, any opponents or bystanders who resist such claims. While it may wish to redress past wrongs it believes to have suffered; or attempt to rewrite the prevailing international “rules of game” to better reflect its own geostrategic interests; or in the most extreme policy choice, perhaps even ready itself for preventive war or to launch predatory attacks on its foes on the pretext of the “cult of defence,” – all of which have been seen as the bedrock of the contemporary China’s strategic culture, however, it is iiprobable that China will not pursue these at the cost of its future economic and/or social security agenda.
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Ward, Jared A. "A BREACH IN AMERICA'S BACKYARD: THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (PRC) AND THE CARIBBEAN, 1949-1976." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron155922997417231.

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Throwe, Jacob. "Not Out of the Blue: Sun Yat-sen and the ROC-PRC Paradox." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1976.

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Thesis advisor: Rebecca Nedostup
Seeing as how the leadership of both the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China have claimed a sense of inheritance and legitimacy from the political philosophy of Sun Yat-sen, it seems a paradox how different the political situations are in their respective domains. It is the intent of this thesis to discern how prioritizing different elements of Sun Yat-sen's political theory resulted in divergent decisions made by the leaders of the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party, which in turn help explain conditions found in the Republic of China on Taiwan and the People's Republic of China
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: College Honors Program
Discipline: History Honors Program
Discipline: History
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葉新森 and Sun-sum Alcid Ip. "Laws & regulations, practice & procedure in setting up joint ventures in the People's Republic of China (PRC)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574213.

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Hung, Lu-hsun Theodore. "Party-Military Relations in the PRC After Mao, 1976-1990." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277990/.

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The importance of party-military relations in the People's Republic of China was succinctly stated by Mao in his dictum that "political power comes from the gun" and "the Party should command the gun." Party-military relations in the PRC have never fully conformed to Mao's warning. This study seeks to analyze the nature and types of party-military relations in the PRC during the post-Mao period and the factors affecting change in these relations.
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倫潔明 and Kit-ming Kimmy Lun. "The People's Republic of China (PRC) as a nuclear power in the post-Cold War era: strategic intentions andsecurity concerns." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3121342X.

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Ip, Sun-sum Alcid. "Laws & regulations, practice & procedure in setting up joint ventures in the People's Republic of China (PRC)." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574213.

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Chia, Shyh Chiuan Christian. "Learner autonomy : a case study on People's Republic of China (PRC) scholars studying in a university in Singapore." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30887.

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This empirical study focuses on developing learner autonomy amongst PRC scholars who were enrolled in an English bridge course in an institution in Singapore. As PRC students come from a predominantly teacher-centred learning environment, encouraging them to be autonomous learners may be met with resistance. The effectiveness of self-access learning (SAL) is considered by examining the Chinese culture of learning, the kinds of activities these students engage in at the Self Access Centre and their views on whether SAL is effective in helping them to improve their language. An interpretative case study approach is adopted as this study focuses on a specific phenomenon. Attention is drawn specifically to explaining why students have different viewpoints and experiences despite being put in a similar learning context. Interviewing was selected as the main instrument for data collection as it provided opportunities to develop insights regarding how the participants interpret and make meaning of the world. Besides interviews, questionnaires and journals were also employed to obtain snapshots of the students' views and for triangulation purposes. It was found that the forty PRC scholars who participated in this study generally display traits that show conformance to the Chinese culture of learning. This however did not in general discourage them from developing autonomy as the students welcomed the idea of making decisions concerning and taking charge of their learning. Despite this, they believe that a teacher still plays an important role in their learning. Although SAL is generally perceived to be moderately effective in helping the students improve their English, most students reported marked improvements in their listening skills.
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Books on the topic "People's Republic of China (PRC)"

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Xin, Y. Reaching Chinese consumer-analysis of Chinese consumer behaviour and purchasing power in PRC (Peoples Republic of China). Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1997.

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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Illegal trade by the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan in rhinoceros and tiger parts and products: Communication from the President of the United States, transmitting an update of the situation concerning activities of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Twiwan in rhinoceros and tiger parts and products, pursuant to 22 U.S.C. 1978(b). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Illegal trade by the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Twiwan in rhinoceros and tiger parts and products: Communication from the President of the United States, transmitting an update of the situation concerning activities of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Twiwan in rhinoceros and tiger parts and products, pursuant to 22 U.S.C. 1978(b). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Intelligence, United States Congress Senate Select Committee on. Report on impacts to U.S. national security of advanced satellite technology exports to the People's Republic of China (PRC), and report on the PRC's efforts to influence U.S. policy. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence. Report on impacts to U.S. national security of advanced satellite technology exports to the People's Republic of China (PRC), and report on the PRC's efforts to influence U.S. policy. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence. Report on impacts to U.S. national security of advanced satellite technology exports to the People's Republic of China (PRC), and report on the PRC's efforts to influence U.S. policy. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence. Report on impacts to U.S. national security of advanced satellite technology exports to the People's Republic of China (PRC), and report on the PRC's efforts to influence U.S. policy. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Intelligence, United States Congress Senate Select Committee on. Report on impacts to U.S. national security of advanced satellite technology exports to the People's Republic of China (PRC), and report on the PRC's efforts to influence U.S. policy. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence. Report on impacts to U.S. national security of advanced satellite technology exports to the People's Republic of China (PRC), and report on the PRC's efforts to influence U.S. policy. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Workshop on Social Security in PRC (1993 Hamburg, Germany). Social security in the Peopleʼs Republic of China: Papers presented at the Workshop on Social Security in the PRC, Hamburg, February 5-7, 1993. Hamburg: Institut für Asienkunde, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "People's Republic of China (PRC)"

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Gabriele, Alberto. "Concluding Remarks: The Role of Public Industry in the PRC." In Enterprises, Industry and Innovation in the People's Republic of China, 133–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2121-8_8.

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Zhu, Xiaoping, Zhen Wang, and Tony Buon. "Trauma Counseling and Psychological Support in the People's Republic of China (PRC)." In International Handbook of Workplace Trauma Support, 436–46. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119943242.ch27.

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Salvini, Giovanni. "The Relations Between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the United States (US)." In Understanding China, 95–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29625-8_6.

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Maslak, Mary Ann. "Vocational Education in China: The Case of the People’s Republic of China (PRC)." In Global Perspectives on Adolescence and Education, 27–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79046-2_3.

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Liu, Ying, and Kankesu Jayanthakumaran. "People’s Republic of China (PRC): Thailand Economic Relationship After Signing of Free Trade Agreement in 2005." In Understanding China, 77–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24232-3_5.

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Guo, Yong. "Socialist Central Banking and Monetary Policy in the PRC." In Banking Reforms and Monetary Policy in the People’s Republic of China, 8–15. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403914545_2.

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Lou, Jianbo. "The Evolution of Commercial Law in the People’s Republic of China (PRC)." In Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 91–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03446-1_7.

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Cheng, Dean. "An Overview of Chinese Thinking About Deterrence." In NL ARMS, 177–200. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-419-8_10.

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AbstractAll major powers undertake deterrence behaviour, as an integral part of their foreign and security policy. This includes the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The PRC, however, comes from a different strategic tradition than the United States; therefore, understanding Chinese views of deterrence has become salient. This is complicated by the evolution in Chinese thinking about deterrence, as it has sought to incorporate various elements of national power.
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Tu, Guangjian, and Zeyu Huang. "People’s Republic of China (PRC): Optional Choice of Court Agreements in the Vibrant Age." In Optional Choice of Court Agreements in Private International Law, 151–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23914-5_6.

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Ho, Wai-Chung. "The Challenges of Implementing Diverse Political Directives in Contemporary China: Between Creativity and Confucianism." In The Politics of Diversity in Music Education, 103–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65617-1_8.

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AbstractThe People’s Republic of China (PRC) was founded as a communist state in 1949 within the framework of the collective leadership model under the Communist Party of China (the single-party system in China). After experiencing sociopolitical and economic changes, the PRC has moved to the free market economy of globalisation in the global age. The evolution of Chinese politics and the economic system has resulted in more diversity and changes in school education, along with struggles to adjust to these changes. Along this line, this chapter will examine the complex relationship between the politics of diversity, Confucianism, and creativity education, particularly in response to the views of Chinese teachers from Beijing via in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews on the implementation of a creativity policy in school music education. Based on current education policies and the interview data collected for this study on the examination of the nature of creativity, this chapter will conclude with a discussion of how school music education may help initiate a dialogue on the politics and nature of creativity and cultural identity in response to the challenges of contemporary political and cultural values between creativity and Confucianism that prevail in the global age of China.
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Conference papers on the topic "People's Republic of China (PRC)"

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Muratshina, Ksenia. "CHINA - SOUTH AFRICA: EQUAL PARTNERSHIP OR MIRROR OF NEOCOLONIAL PRC POLICY TRENDS IN AFRICA?" In Globalistics-2020: Global issues and the future of humankind. Interregional Social Organization for Assistance of Studying and Promotion the Scientific Heritage of N.D. Kondratieff / ISOASPSH of N.D. Kondratieff, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46865/978-5-901640-33-3-2020-169-178.

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The article analyzes the main directions of interaction between the People's Republic of China and one of its partners in the BRICS group - the Republic of South Africa - at the present stage. The main areas of interaction, problems and results of cooperation are considered.
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Zhang, Mengwan, and Mui Yee Cheok. "A META-ANALYSIS ON PREVENTIVE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACTIVITIES IN PRESCHOOL CENTRE IN PEOPLE REPUBLIC OF CHINA (PRC)." In 9th Teaching & Education Virtual Conference, Prague. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/tec.2020.009.007.

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Harrop, Grenville. "The AP1000® PWR Project Moving Toward Completion in China." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15664.

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The AP1000® pressurized water reactor (PWR) is the first and only Generation III+ nuclear power plant to be granted design certification by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The initial deployment of this technology has been the construction of dual AP1000 units in each of two coastal sites in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), at Sanmen (Zhejiang Province) and Haiyang (Shandong Province). The contracts for these units were framed to support the PRC’s intention to achieve self reliance in its nuclear supply infrastructure. Westinghouse is implementing its innovative supply chain strategy, “We Buy Where We Build”™, to promote the technology transfer and increasing levels of localization needed as each unit is constructed. Since the initial contract award in 2007, the Westinghouse Consortium and the purchasers, State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation of China (SNPTC), the Shandong Nuclear Power Company (SDNPC), and the Sanmen Nuclear Power Company (SMNPC) have worked in harmony to build the units using advanced modular construction techniques that reduce construction timescales and associated risks. First-of-a-kind (FOAK) plant components have been manufactured and delivered, including reactor vessels, steam generators, and other safety equipment. With construction and equipment installation in the final stages, the planning and implementation of the pre-operational testing, system turnover, and commissioning are now underway to prepare for fuel load and future commercial operation.
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Harrop, Grenville, and Bill P. Poirier. "Construction of Westinghouse AP1000™ Nuclear Power Plants in China." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30077.

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In July 2007, China entered a new era of sustainable, safe, and ecologically sound energy development by committing to build four AP1000™ units to be constructed in pairs at the coastal sites of Sanmen (Zhejiang Province) and Haiyang (Shandong Province). Both sites have the planned ability to accommodate at least six AP1000 units. The Westinghouse AP1000 is the only Generation III+ reactor to receive design certification from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). With a design that is based on the proven performance of Westinghouse-designed pressurized water reactors (PWRs), the AP1000 is an advanced 1100 megawatt (MW) plant that uses the forces of nature and simplicity of design to enhance plant safety and operations. Excavation commenced for the first of four China AP1000 units in February 2008, and placement of the basemat concrete for Sanmen Unit 1 was completed on schedule in March 2009. This was soon followed by the placement of the first major structural module; the auxiliary building. As part of localization and the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) desire for self-reliance, a China-based module factory is constructing the major modules and manufacturing the containment vessel plates. The fabrication and welding of the containment vessel bottom head for Sanmen Unit 1 is now complete. The 2010 milestones for Sanmen Unit 1 include the setting of major modules such as the reactor vessel cavity, the steam generator, and refueling canal modules, plus containment vessel rings 1, 2, 3, and 4. All major equipment orders have been placed and the first deliveries are beginning to arrive. The technology transfer is also well underway. The Haiyang Unit 1 basemat was placed on schedule in September 2009 and Sanmen Unit 2 Nuclear Island (NI) concrete basemat placement was completed a month earlier than the milestone date of January 2010. Sanmen Unit 1 will be fully operational in November 2013 followed by Haiyang Unit 1 in May 2014. Operational dates for Sanmen Unit 2 and Haiyang Unit 2 are September 2014 and March 2015, respectively. As one of the world’s largest consumers of energy, China’s path in achieving sustainable energy has profound global economic and environmental consequences. The contract with the Westinghouse and Shaw Consortium for four AP1000 units is the largest of its type between the People’s Republic of China and the United States.
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Wang, Zi-yu. "Optics Education In People's Republic Of China." In 32nd Annual Technical Symposium. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.948597.

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JING, Z. "The launch vehicles of the People's Republic of China." In 11th Communications Satellite Systems Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-673.

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Petunina, A. R. "Online Learning In Higher Education In China (The People's Republic Of China)." In II International Conference on Economic and Social Trends for Sustainability of Modern Society. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.09.02.158.

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Dahai, Chang, and Andrew Wike. "Preparing for New Modes of Pipeline Operation in the People’s Republic of China." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2008.

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There are more than 7,000km of crude oil transmission pipelines, and more than 8,000km of natural gas transmission pipelines in the People’s Republic of China. Although there are few product pipelines in China today, the growth of this industry is anticipated, fueled by the rapid development of the economy in China. The China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau is the largest pipeline operator in China, accounting for more than 6,000km of crude oil and natural gas pipelines. The Langfang-based Staff and Workers College (known simply as the Pipeline College) is a unit of the China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau. Students at the Pipeline College include full-time engineering students, and short-term trainees. In general, the short-term trainees are management and operator level staff who attend the Pipeline College for more advanced training. Having a lack of effective training tools, it was almost impossible for the Pipeline College to provide a really effective training experience, particularly in actual pipeline operations. In 1996, the Pipeline College developed plans to embrace advanced training tools in order to increase the effectiveness of the training courses it offered. The focus was in two areas: pipeline operations; and Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) set-up and maintenance. To achieve an effective training environment for pipeline operations, a simulation training system was set-up using commercially available pipeline simulation software from Stoner Associates; the PLC training is based on Allen-Bradley equipment. The operations training center computer systems were configured to accommodate ten trainees simultaneously running their own independent training sessions. The first training courses delivered by the Pipeline College using their new tools were presented in the summer of 1997. This paper briefly chronicles the development of the pipeline industry in China as a background to the operation of the Pipeline College. The training center hardware and software configurations are described in some detail. The paper describes the Pipeline College’s first experiences of using these advanced training tools, and their plans for the future development of the training center.
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Wallace, W. L., and Y. S. Tsuo. "Sino/American cooperation for PV development in the People's Republic of China." In Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.1996.564393.

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Yan-ping, Li, Wu Huan-wei, and Ann Seror. "Strategic Human Resource Management and Social Capital: Evidence from People's Republic of China." In 2006 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2006.314223.

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Reports on the topic "People's Republic of China (PRC)"

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Forsberg, Charles W., and David Lewis Moses. Safeguards Challenges for Pebble-Bed Reactors (PBRs):Peoples Republic of China (PRC). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/969660.

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Huang, Yiping, Xun Wang, and Anqian Huang. Promoting High-Quality Growth Through Financial Reform in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210509-2.

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Ha, Wei, and Ye Xiao. Early Childhood Development and Poverty Reduction in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210299-2.

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The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has eliminated absolute poverty in 2020. Its recent national 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) highlights improving the quality of human capital as an essential goal. Research has shown that investing in early childhood development generates the highest rates of return and leads to better education, health, social, and economic outcomes. After decades of neglect, the government has been increasing investment in preschool education targeting children in ages 3–6 years since 2010. This paper recommends that a comprehensive and equitable early childhood development service system must be a priority in building essential public service systems.
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Lee, Minsoo, Joon-Kyung Kim, Myung Ho Park, Longyun Peng, Tetsuji Okazaki, and Susumu Ishii. Developing Modernization Indicators for the People’s Republic of China: Key Considerations and a Proposed Framework. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200417-2.

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The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is in the process of modernization, which it expects to achieve by 2035. This requires a national indicator to gauge the progress and level of the country’s modernization drive. This working paper provides an indicator that assesses the progress in the PRC’s modernization journey, and applies this modernization indicator—structured on thematic categories, subcategories, and intersection—to the PRC’s performance, which is then compared with countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the G20. The paper also examines four major policy implications of this modernization for the PRC, which will be more durable and successful if coupled with effective division of labor and synergy with stakeholders.
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Fan, Shenggen, and Yumei Zhang. COVID-19’s Initial Impact on Food Supply Chains, Rural Migrants, and Poverty in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210464-2.

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This paper explores the initial impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on food, rural migrants, and other vulnerable groups, and includes policy recommendations.
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Rau, Stefan. Bridge to Future Livable Cities and City Clusters in the People’s Republic of China: Policy Opportunities for High-Quality Urban Development. Asian Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210372-2.

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The achievements in rapid urbanization and industrialization of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) over the past 40 years were historic. But they came at high environmental and social costs. By 2050, the country will be a high-income, four-generation urban society. Yet, according to the United Nations, the PRC’s population will have halved by 2100. Many cities will lose population and businesses. This will be equally historic and requires urgent action. The author recommends focusing on urban rehabilitation and retrofitting to make cities more livable—with a green circular zero-waste economy, aiming at low-carbon, climate-resilient cities—and making cities healthy and friendly for people of all ages.
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Shiang-Ping, Liu. Influencing Change in the People's Republic of China. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada250795.

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Bitzinger, Richard A., and Chong-Pin Lin. The Defense Budget of the People's Republic of China. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada338621.

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Atkeson, Edward B. The People's Republic of China in Transition: An Assessment of the People's Liberation Army. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada382516.

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Donovan, Kevin F. The Economics of Proliferation in the People's Republic of China. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada363426.

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