Journal articles on the topic 'People's Institute (New York, N.Y.)'

- Joan D. van Andel, H.E. Coomans, Building up the the future from the past; Studies on the architecture and historic monuments in the Dutch Caribbean, Zutphen: De Walburg Pers, 1990, 268 pp., M.A. Newton, M. Coomans-Eustatia (eds.) - Rene van den Berg, James N. Sneddon, Studies in Sulawesi linguistics, Part I, 1989. NUSA, Linguistic studies of Indonesian and other languages in Indonesia, volume 31. Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri Nusa, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. - Thomas Crump, H. Beukers, Red-hair medicine: Dutch-Japanese medical relations. Amsterdam/Atlanta, GA: Rodopi, Publications for the Netherlands Association of Japanese studies No. 5, 1991., A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout, M.E. van Opstall (eds.) - M. Heins, Kees P. Epskamp, Theatre in search of social change; The relative significance of different theatrical approaches. Den Haag: CESO Paperback no. 7, 1989. - Rudy De Iongh, Rainer Carle, Opera Batak; Das Wandertheater der Toba-Batak in Nord Sumatra. Schauspiele zur Währung kultureller Identität im nationalen Indonesischen Kontext. Veröffentlichungen des Seminars fur Indonesische und Südseesprachen der Universität Hamburg, Band 15/1 & 15/2 (2 Volumes), Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1990. - P.E. de Josselin de Jong, Birgit Rottger-Rossler, Rang und Ansehen bei den Makassar von Gowa (Süd-Sulawesi, Indonesien), Kölner Ethnologische Studien, Band 15. Dietrich Reimar Verlag, Berlin, 1989. 332 pp. text, notes, glossary, literature. - John Kleinen, Vo Nhan Tri, Vietnam’s economic policy since 1975. Singapore: ASEAN Economic research unit, Institute of Southeast Asian studies, 1990. xii + 295 pp. - H.M.J. Maier, David Banks, From class to culture; Social conscience in Malay novels since independence, Yale, 1987. - Th. C. van der Meij, Robyn Maxwell, Textiles of Southeast Asia; Tradition, trade and transformation. Melbourne/Oxford/Auckland/New York: Australian National Gallery/Oxford University Press. - A.E. Mills, Elinor Ochs, Culture and language development, Studies in the social and cultural foundations of language No. 6, Cambridge University Press, 227 + 10 pp. - Denis Monnerie, Frederick H. Damon, Death rituals and life in the societies of the Kula Ring, Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1989. 280 pp., maps, figs., bibliogr., Roy Wagner (eds.) - Denis Monnerie, Frederick H. Damon, From Muyuw to the Trobriands; Transformations along the northern side of the Kula ring, Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1990. xvi + 285 pp., maps, figs., illus., apps., bibliogr., index. - David S. Moyer, Jeremy Boissevain, Dutch dilemmas; Anthropologists look at the Netherlands, Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1989, v + 186 pp., Jojada Verrips (eds.) - Gert Oostindie, B.H. Slicher van Bath, Indianen en Spanjaarden; Een ontmoeting tussen twee werelden, Latijns Amerika 1500-1800. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1989. 301 pp. - Parakitri, C.A.M. de Jong, Kompas 1965-1985; Een algemene krant met een katholieke achtergrond binnen het religieus pluralisme van Indonesie, Kampen: Kok, 1990. - C.A. van Peursen, J. van Baal, Mysterie als openbaring. Utrecht: ISOR, 1990. - Harry A. Poeze, R.A. Longmire, Soviet relations with South-East Asia; An historical survey. London-New York: Kegan Paul International, 1989, x + 176 pp. - Harry A. Poeze, Ann Swift, The road to Madiun; The Indonesian communist uprising of 1948. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project (Monograph series 69), 1989, xii + 116 pp. - Alex van Stipriaan, Cornelis Ch. Goslinga, The Dutch in the Caribbean and in Surinam 1791/5 - 1942, Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1990. xii + 812 pp. - A. Teeuw, Keith Foulcher, Social commitment in literature and the arts: The Indonesian ‘Institute of People’s culture’ 1950-1965, Clayton, Victoria: Southeast Asian studies, Monash University (Centre of Southeast Asian studies), 1986, vii + 234 pp. - Elly Touwen-Bouwsma, T. Friend, The blue-eyed enemy; Japan against the West in Java and Luzon, 1942-1945. New Jersey: Princeton University press, 1988, 325 pp.

Cang Panah is a musical composition inspired by the phenomenon of Acehnese people's activities in Keude Kupi. The people of Aceh always come to Keude Kupi every day to carry out various activities. This activity is formed from social interactions carried out by the community. There are three forms of social interaction found in Keude Kupi, namely interactions between individuals, individuals with groups, and interactions between groups. these three forms of social interaction are social values created by the activities of the Acehnese people. This makes keude kupi an axis mundi for the people of Aceh in terms of social interaction. This plant is actualized in the form of musical works using the principle of sound dialogue. The purpose of the creation of this art is to actualize the social values contained in the keude kupi through musical works in the form of sound dialogue. The method used in making this art is a combination of the creation process by Pande Made Sukerta and Rahayu Supanggah which is elaborated in four stages, namely searching for musical moments, formulating work ideas, determining work, and expressing ideas for interpretation of art. The result of this research is a music which is divided into three parts. Each part of the work is a representation of the form of community social interaction. Keywords: Aceh, Axis Mundi, Keude Kupi. AbstrakCang Panah merupakan sebuah karya komposisi musik yang terinspirasi dari fenomena aktivitas masyarakat Aceh di keude kupi. Masyarakat Aceh selalu mendatangi keude kupi saban hari untuk melakukan berbagai aktivitas. Aktivitas ini terbentuk dari interaksi sosial yang dilakukan masyarakat. Terdapat tiga bentuk interaksi sosial yang ditemukan pada keude kupi, yaitu interaksi antar individu, individu dengan kelompok, serta interaksi antar kelompok. Tiga bentuk interaksi sosial ini merupakan nilai-nilai sosial yang tercipta dari aktivitas masyarakat Aceh. Hal ini menjadikan keude kupi sebagai axis mundi bagi masyarakat Aceh ditinjau dari interaksi sosial. Gagasan ini diaktualisasikan dalam bentuk karya musik menggunakan prinsip dialog bunyi. Tujuan dari penciptaan seni ini adalah mengaktualisasikan nilai-nilai sosial yang terdapat pada keude kupi melalui karya musik dalam bentuk dialog bunyi. Metode yang digunakan pada penciptaan seni ini adalah kombinasi proses penciptaan oleh Pande Made Sukerta dan Rahayu Supanggah yang dielaborasi dalam empat tahapan yaitu pencarian momen musikal, perumusan ide garapan, penentuan garapan, dan menuangkan ide interpretasi garapan. Hasil yang dicapai dari penelitian karya seni ini adalah sebuah musik yang terbagi menjadi tiga bagian karya. Setiap bagian karya merupakan representatif dari bentuk interaksi sosial masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Aceh, Axis Mundi, Keude Kupi.Authors:Surya Rahman : Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Aceh Rico Gusmanto : Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Aceh References:Cresswell, J. W. (2010). Research Design. Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Mixed. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar.Gusmanto, R., Cufara, D. P., & Ihsan, R. (2021). Kekitaan: Komposisi Musik Yang Mengungkap Identitas Budaya Kabupaten Pasaman Barat. Ekspresi Seni: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Karya Seni, 23(1), 18–34.Herdianto, F., Yusnelli, & Antara, F. (2021). Komposisi Musik Badondong Baibo dalam Musik Instrmental. GORGA: Jurnal Seni Rupa, 10(1), 115–124.Kemdikbudristek. (2016a). Bunyi. Retrieved June 17, 2022, from KBBI Daring website: https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/bunyiKemdikbudristek. (2016b). Dialog. Retrieved June 17, 2022, from KBBI Daring website: https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/dialogKhairani, C. (2015). Pendorong Interaksi Sosial Masyarakat Aceh Dalam Warung Kopi. Lentera: Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Dan Teknologi, 14(10), 50–57.Manalu, N. A., & Febryanti Sukman, F. (2020). Tari Seudati Inong Sebagai Wujud Representasi Kesetaraan Gender Dikabupaten Aceh Besar. GORGA: Jurnal Seni Rupa, 9(2), 367–376.Mursyidin. (2018). Pergeseran Pola Interaksi Warung Kopi pada Masyarakat Aceh Barat. Community: Pengawas Dinamika Sosial, 4(2), 201–210.Pebriana, P. H. (2017). Analisis Penggunaan Gadget terhadap Kemampuan Interaksi Sosial pada Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 1(1), 1–11.Rahman, S., Sidharta, O., & Sastra, A. I. (2017). Sorak Rang Balai: Dendang Sebagai Representasi dan Identitas Metode Promosi dalam Budaya Dagang Masyarakat Minangkabau. Bercadik: Jurnal Pengkajian Dan Penciptaan Seni, 4(2), 206–212.Saldana, J. (2011). Understanding Qualitative Research. Fundamental of Qualitative Research. New York: Oxford University Press.Setiawan, H. (2011). Landasan Konseptual Perencanaan dan Perancangan Pusat Pendidikan Musik di Yogyakarta. Universitas Islam Jaya Yogyakarta.Soekanto, S. (2010). Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.Suhendra, H., Martarosa, & Haris, A. S. (2018). Basosoh: Komposisi Musik Aleatoric dalam Format Orkestra Fluxus. Gorga: Jurnal Seni Rupa, 7(2), 156–163.Taqwadin, D. A., Sulaiman, A. N., Akmal, S., & Fauzan, I. (2019). Potensi Budaya Minum Kopi (Ngopi) dalam Membangun Kembali Koeksistensi Masyarakat Aceh Paska Konflik. Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura, 19(1), 86–102.

Objective: We examined the association between county-level structural racism indicators and the odds of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in New York State. Design: We merged individual-level hospitalization data from the New York State Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) with county-level data from the American Community Survey and the Vera Institute of Justice from 2011 to 2013 (n = 244 854). Structural racism in each county included in our sample was constructed as the racial inequity (ratio of black to white population) in female educational attainment, female employment, and incarceration. Results: Multilevel logistic regression analysis estimated the association between each of these structural racism indicators and SMM, accounting for individual- and hospital-level characteristics and clustering in facilities. In the models adjusted for individual- and hospital-level factors, county-level racial inequity in female educational attainment was associated with small but statistically significant higher odds of SMM (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.47, 1.85). County-level structural racism indicators of female employment inequity and incarceration inequity were not statistically significant. Interaction terms examining potential effect measure modification by race with each structural racism indicator also indicated no statistical difference. Conclusions: Studies of maternal disparities should consider multiple dimensions of structural racism as a contributing cause to SMM and as an additional area for potential intervention.

We are grateful for comments made by participants at the Symposium on the “Measurement of Profit and Productivity: Theory and Practice,” on December 16, 1988, in the University of Florida, cosponsored by the Vincent C. Ross Institute of Accounting Research, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University, the Public Policy Research Center, Graduate School of Business, University of Florida, and The Kruger Center of Finance, Jerusalem School of Business Administration, Hebrew University; at workshops at the Leonard M. Stern School of Business, New York University; at the Accounting Research and Education Center of McMaster University; at the European Accounting Association meeting in Stuttgart, Germany; at workshops at Wharton School University of Pennsylvania; University of California at Berkeley; Northwestern University; French Finance Association Meeting.

This research was conducted to prove the changes in Malay society by studying the tradition of building houses, in the city of Medan, North Sumatra. The study used a qualitative descriptive method with an ethnomethodology and ethnoscience design, using 10 research subjects on stilt houses. This research instrument uses documentation and interview techniques which comprehensively want to see the cultural phenomenon of the Malay community in the city of Medan, in relation to the tradition of building houses. The results of the data analysis technique used by the Miles and Huberman model show that the change in the shape of the traditional house is caused by the Malay traditional factor which provides openness and flexibility. The changes in the Malay community in the city of Medan have caused the elements of traditional culture to be lost, but it is better that there are new cultural aspects that arise. The phenomenon of cultural transformation of the Malay community so far has taken place according to a flexible framework of customary rules, in responding to changing times it is still acceptable. The implication of the research results is that in some cases there is a tendency that the houses referred to are types of houses on stilts typology I and II, as “traditional identities.” As for residential buildings, “modern identity” is a typology or style III stilt house, which is more varied, monumental and formal. Furthermore, in some buildings, it can be seen that traditional building structures are not integrated with modern structures. Impressed with the value of decorative or ornamental carvings tend to change a lot, especially those of sacred, mystical and religious value. In essence, the Malay tradition of traditional Malay formulates that there are: "three symbols" depicted in the house, namely: the status contained in the hierarchy of people's lives, position, space, and prohibition rules (tabu). Keywords: change, malay society, tradition.AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan perubahan masyarakat Melayu suatu kajian tradisi membangun rumah tinggal, di kota Medan Sumatera Utara. Penelitian memakai metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan desain etnometodologi dan etnosains, menggunakan subjek penelitian sebanyak 10 buah rumah panggung. Instrumen penelitian ini memakai teknik dokumentasi dan interview yang secara komprehensif ingin melihat fenomena budaya masyarakat Melayu di kota Medan, dalam kaitannya dengan tradisi membangun rumah tinggal. Hasil dari teknik analisis data yang digunakan model Miles dan Huberman menunjukkan bahwa perubahan bentuk rumah tinggal tradisional disebabkan oleh faktor adat Melayu yang memberikan keterbukaan dan keluwesan. Perubahan-perubahan masyarakat Melayu di kota Medan menyebabkan unsur-unsur budaya tradisi ada yang hilang, namun sebaiknya ada aspek budaya baru yang timbul. Fenomena transformasi budaya masyarakat Melayu selama ini berlangsung sesuai kerangka aturan adat yang fleksibel, dalam menyikapi perubahan zaman masih bisa diterima. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian dalam beberapa kasus terlihat ada kecenderungan bahwa rumah tinggal yang dirujuk adalah jenis rumah panggung tipologi I dan II, sebagai “identitas tradisional.” Sedangkan untuk bangunan rumah tinggal “identitas modern” adalah rumah panggung tipologi atau langgam III, ini lebih variatif, monumental dan formal. Selanjutnya pada beberapa bangunan terlihat struktur bangunan tradisi tidak menyatu dengan bangunan struktur modern. Terkesan nilai ragam hias atau ukiran ornamen cenderung banyak perubahan terutama yang bernilai sakral, mistis dan religius. Pada hakekatnya tradisi Melayu adat Melayu merumuskan ada : ”tiga simbolik” yang tergambar dalam rumahnya yakni: status yang terdapat dalam hirarki kehidupan masyarakat, kedudukan, ruang, dan peraturan larangan (tabu).Kata Kunci:perubahan, masyarakat melayu, tradisi.Authors:Azmi : Universitas Negeri MedanAdek Cerah Kurnia Azis : Universitas Negeri Medan References:Adenansyah, T. (1989). Butir-butir Sejarah Suku Melayu Pesisir Sumatera Timur. Medan: Yayasan Karya.Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (2013). The andaman Islanders. Cambridge University Press.Effendy, Tenas dan Mudra, Al Mahyudin. (2004). Rumah Melayu Memangku Adat dan Menjemput Zaman. Yogyakarta : AdiCita.Geertz, C. (2005). Clifford Geertz by His Colleagues. USA: University of Chicago Press.Highhouse, S., Lievens, F., & Sinar, E. F. (2003). Measuring Attraction to Organizations. 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RESUMENEl objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre los mecanismos de financiación y de control de las instituciones religiosas por los laicos en las primeras décadas de la conquista y colonización de Hispanoamérica. Investigar sobre la inversión laica en lo sagrado supone en un primer lugar aclarar la historiografía sobre laicos, religión y dinero en las sociedades de Antiguo Régimen y su trasposición en América, planteando una mirada desde el punto de vista de las motivaciones múltiples de los actores seglares. A través del ejemplo de restituciones, donaciones y legados en losAndes, se explora el papel de los laicos españoles, y también de las poblaciones indígenas, en el establecimiento de la densa red de instituciones católicas que se construye entonces. La propuesta postula el protagonismo de actores laicos en la construcción de un espacio cristiano en los Andes peruanos en el siglo XVI y principios del XVII, donde la inversión económica permite contribuir a la transición de una sociedad de guerra y conquista a una sociedad corporativa pacificada.PALABRAS CLAVE: Hispanoamérica-Andes, religión, economía, encomienda, siglos XVI y XVII.ABSTRACTThis article aims to reflect on the mechanisms of financing and control of religious institutions by the laity in the first decades of the conquest and colonization of Spanish America. Investigating lay investment in the sacred sphere means first of all to clarifying historiography on laity, religion and money within Ancien Régime societies and their transposition to America, taking into account the multiple motivations of secular actors. The example of restitutions, donations and legacies inthe Andes enables us to explore the role of the Spanish laity and indigenous populations in the establishment of the dense network of Catholic institutions that was established during this period. The proposal postulates the role of lay actors in the construction of a Christian space in the Peruvian Andes in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, when economic investment contributed to the transition from a society of war and conquest to a pacified, corporate society.KEY WORDS: Hispanic America-Andes, religion, economics, encomienda, 16th and 17th centuries. BIBLIOGRAFIAAbercrombie, T., “Tributes to Bad Conscience: Charity, Restitution, and Inheritance in Cacique and Encomendero Testaments of 16th-Century Charcas”, en Kellogg, S. y Restall, M. 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The author taught at Ankara University; Faculty of Political Science for many years and served as Dean of the Faculty during 1971- 1975. He was also the Head of both the Ernst Reuter Center for Urban Studies and the Center for Environmental Studies in the same university. He is currently teaching at the Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus. Dr Keleę has published extensively on Comparative Urbanization, Theories of Local Government, Environmental Policies, and Urban Politics. His major publications include The Politics of Urbanization: Government and Growth in Modern Turkey (with Michael N. Danielson, New York, Holmes and Meier, 1985); The Urban Poverty in the Third World, Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, 1988; and Housing in the Middle East (with Hiromaso Kano), Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, 1986.

The following abbreviations appear in this year’s bibliography:BSN Browning Society Notes. DAI Dissertation Abstracts International. N&Q Notes and Queries. NCL Nineteenth Century Literature. RES Review of English Studies. VLC Victorian Literature and Culture. VP Victorian Poetry. VS Victorian StudiesAn asterisk* indicates that we have not seen the item. Cross references with citation numbers between 51 and 70 followed by a colon (e.g., C68:) refer to William S. Peterson’s Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning: An Annotated Bibliography, 1951–1970 (New York: Browning Institute, 1974); higher numbers refer to Robert Browning: A Bibliography 1830–1950, compiled by L. N. Broughton, C. S. Northup, and Robert Pearsall (Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1953).

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in a surge of critically ill patients. This was especially true in New York City. We present a roadmap for hospitals and healthcare systems to prepare for a Pandemic.Methods: This was a retrospective review of how Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH) was able to rapidly prepare to handle the pandemic. MSH, the largest academic hospital within the Mount Sinai Health System, rapidly expanded the intensive care unit (ICU) bed capacity, including creating new ICU beds, expanded the workforce, and created guidelines.Results: MSH a 1,139-bed quaternary care academic referral hospital with 104 ICU beds expanded to 1,453 beds (27.5% increase) with 235 ICU beds (126% increase) during the pandemic peak in the first week of April 2020. From March to June 2020, with follow-up through October 2020, MSH admitted 2,591 COVID-19-positive patients, 614 to ICUs. Most admitted patients received noninvasive support including a non-rebreather mask, high flow nasal cannula, and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Among ICU patients, 68.4% (n=420) received mechanical ventilation; among the admitted ICU patients, 42.8% (n=263) died, and 47.8% (n=294) were discharged alive.Conclusions: Flexible bed management initiatives; teamwork across multiple disciplines; and development and implementation of guidelines were critical accommodating the surge of critically ill patients. Non-ICU services and staff were deployed to augment the critical care work force and open new critical care units. This approach to rapidly expand bed availability and staffing across the system helped provide the best care for the patients and saved lives.

The following abbreviations appear in this year’s bibliography:BSNBrowning Society NotesDAI Dissertation Abstracts InternationalN&QNotes and QueriesNCLNineteenth Century LiteratureRESReview of English StudiesSBHCStudies in Browning and His CircleVLCVictorian Literature and CultureVPVictorian PoetryVRVictorian ReviewAn asterisk* indicates that we have not seen the item. Cross references with citation numbers between 51 and 70 followed by a colon (e.g., C68:) refer to William S. Peterson’s Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning: An Annotated Bibliography, 1951–1970 (New York: Browning Institute, 1974); higher numbers refer to Robert Browning: A Bibliography 1830–1950, compiled by L. N. Broughton, C. S. Northup, and Robert Pearsall (Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1953).

The following abbreviations appear in this year’s bibliography:BSN Browning Society NotesDAI Dissertation Abstracts InternationalNCL Nineteenth Century LiteratureTLS Times Literary SupplementVLC Victorian Literature and CultureVP Victorian PoetryVR Victorian ReviewVS Victorian StudiesAn asterisk* indicates that we have not seen the item. Cross references with citation numbers between 51 and 70 followed by a colon (e.g., C68:) refer to William S. Peterson’s Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning: An Annotated Bibliography, 1951–1970 (New York: Browning Institute, 1974); higher numbers refer to Robert Browning: A Bibliography 1830–1950, compiled by L. N. Broughton, C. S. Northup, and Robert Pearsall (Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1953).

Review of: A Broken Trust: Sir Herbert Samuel, Zionism and the Palestinians, Sahar Huneidi, foreword by Walid Khalidi (2001)London: I. B. Tauris, 340 pp.,ISBN 978-1-86064-172-5, h/bk, out-of-printThe Palestine Deception, 1915‐1923: The McMahon-Hussein Correspondence, the Balfour Declaration, and the Jewish National Home, J. M. N. Jeffries, edited and with an introduction by William M. Mathew (2014)Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies-USA, 175 pp.,ISBN 978-0-88728-320-8, p/bk, $16.00Palestine. The Reality. The Inside Story of the Balfour Declaration 1917‐1938, J. M. N. Jeffries, with a new introduction by Ghada Karmi (2017)Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press, 800 pp.,ISBN 978-1-56656-024-5, p/bk, $30Israel’s Armor: The Israel Lobby and the First Generation of the Palestine Conflict, Walter L. Hixson (2019)Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 324 pp.,ISBN 978-1-108-70532-5, p/bk, $29.99

BTK inhibitors induce ABC-DLBCL cell apoptosis by inhibiting CYLD phosphorylation Xin Xu1, Zhigang Zhu1, Feng Liu1 , Weijie Zhong1,Huabao Xiong2, Tiefeng Feng3, and Qingshan Li3 1Geriatrics Department, GuangZhou First People's Hospital, GuangDong, 510180, People's Republic of China. 2Precision Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, U.S.A. 3Hemotology Department, GuangZhou First People's Hospital, GuangDong, 510180, People's Republic of China. Activated B cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) is a common aggressive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Even though CD20 antibody (Rituximab) combination therapy improved the total prognosis of DLBCL, there are still many relapsed and refractory ABC-DLBCL cases. The new treatment options are urgently needed. Pathogenesis of ABC-DLBCL is different from germinal center B cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma (GCB-DLBCL), which is related to activation of B cell antigen receptor(BCR) signaling. The Bruton tyrosine kinase(BTK) plays a central role in BCR signaling. Inhibition of BTK function will affect BCR signaling activity, which is involved in maintaining the malignant phenotype in B-cell lymphoma. Now in clinic, BTK inhibitors like Ibrutinib or Acalabrutinib are used extensively in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma(CLL/SLL), mantle cell lymphoma(MCL) as first line therapy or second line therapy. But in DLBCL its role is unclear now.Some DLBCL clinic trials got the better PFS and OS in BTK inhibitor combination therapy group(combined with Rituximab or RCHOP) but some got the negative results. Whether BTK inhibitors can definitely improve ABC-DLBCL survival and the mechanism how BTK inhibitors inducing cell death are needed further investigations. CYLD (cylindromatosis) is a tumor suppressor, its activity is inhibited by phosphorylation, which is related to apoptosis regulation pathway NF-kB in many kinds of tumors.In this study, we found that CYLD to be constitutively phosphorylated in ABC-DLBCL cell line models (HBL-1 and OCI-Ly10) as well as primary samples from patients with non-GCB DLBCL. We subsequently examined the effect of BTK inhibitors Ibrutinib (PCI-32765) and Acalabrutinib (ACP-196) on CYLD phosphorylation. We found that BTK inhibitors Ibrutinib and Acalabrutinib both induced ABC-DLBCL apoptosis by down-regulating CYLD phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro, even in the Rituximab resistant ABC-DLBCL cell line.Combination of BTK inhibitors and Rituximab would enhance this effect. Knockdown of CYLD in ABC-DLBCL cells reduced the level of cell death induced by BTK inhibitors, which showed that this cell death induced by BTK inhibitors was CYLD dependent. Through this study, we conclude that BTK inhibitors induce CYLD inactivation by regulating CYLD phosphorylation is clinical beneficial in ABC-DLBCL therapy, especially the relapsed or refractory ABC-DLBCL cases after Rituximab therapy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

-Mohammed F. Khayum, Michael B. Connolly ,The economics of the Caribbean Basin. New York: Praeger, 1985. xxiii + 355 pp., John McDermott (eds)-Susan F. Hirsch, Herome Wendell Lurry-Wright, Custom and conflict on a Bahamian out-island. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1987. xxii + 188 pp.-Evelyne Trouillot-Ménard, Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique, 1,000 proverbes créoles de la Caraïbe francophone. Paris: Editions Caribéennes, 1987. 114 pp.-Sue N. Greene, Amon Saba Saakana, The colonial legacy in Caribbean literature. Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. 1987. 128 pp.-Andrew Sanders, Cees Koelewijn, Oral literature of the Trio Indians of Surinam. In collaboration with Peter Riviére. Dordrecht and Providence: Foris Publications, 1987. (Caribbean Series 6, KITLV/Royal Institute of Linguistics anbd Anthropology). xiv + 312 pp.-Janette Forte, Nancie L. Gonzalez, Sojouners of the Caribbean: ethnogenesis and ethnohistory of the Garifuna. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1988. xi + 253 pp.-Nancie L. Gonzalez, Neil L. Whitehead, Lords of the Tiger Spirit: a history of the Caribs in colonial Venezuela and Guyana 1498-1820. Dordrecht and Providence: Foris Publications, 1988. (Caribbean Series 10, KITLV/Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology.) x + 250 pp.-N.L. Whitehead, Andrew Sanders, The powerless people. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1987. iv + 220 pp.-Russell Parry Scott, Kenneth F. Kiple, The African exchange: toward a biological history of black people. Durham: Duke University Press, 1987. vi + 280 pp.-Colin Clarke, David Dabydeen ,India in the Caribbean. London: Hansib Publishing Ltd., 1987. 326 pp., Brinsley Samaroo (eds)-Juris Silenieks, Edouard Glissant, Caribbean discourse: selected essays. Translated and with an introduction by J. Michael Dash. Charlottesville, Virginia: The University Press of Virginia, 1989. xlvii + 272 pp.-Brenda Gayle Plummer, J. Michael Dash, Haiti and the United States: national stereotypes and the literary imagination. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988. xv + 152 pp.-Evelyne Huber, Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Haiti: state against nation: the origins and legacy of Duvalierism. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1990. 282 pp.-Leon-Francois Hoffman, Alfred N. Hunt, Hiati's influence on Antebellum America: slumbering volcano of the Caribbean. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1988. xvi + 196 pp.-Brenda Gayle Plummer, David Healy, Drive to hegemony: the United States in the Caribbean, 1898-1917. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1988. xi + 370 pp.-Anthony J. Payne, Jorge Heine ,The Caribbean and world politics: cross currents and cleavages. New York and London: Holmes and Meier Publishers, Inc., 1988. ix + 385 pp., Leslie Manigat (eds)-Anthony P. Maingot, Jacqueline Anne Braveboy-Wagner, The Caribbean in world affairs: the foreign policies of the English-speaking states. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1989. vii + 244 pp.-Edward M. Dew, H.F. Munneke, De Surinaamse constitutionele orde. Nijmegen, The Netherlands: Ars Aequi Libri, 1990. v + 120 pp.-Charles Rutheiser, O. Nigel Bolland, Colonialism and resistance in Belize: essays in historical sociology. Benque Viejo del Carmen, Belize: Cubola Productions / Institute of Social and Economic Research / Society for the Promotion of Education and Research, 1989. ix + 218 pp.-Ken I. Boodhoo, Selwyn Ryan, Trinidad and Tobago: the independence experience, 1962-1987. St. Augustine, Trinidad: ISER, 1988. xxiii + 599 pp.-Alan M. Klein, Jay Mandle ,Grass roots commitment: basketball and society in Trinidad and Tobago. Parkersburg, Iowa: Caribbean Books, 1988. ix + 75 pp., Joan Mandle (eds)-Maureen Warner-Lewis, Reinhard Sander, The Trinidad Awakening: West Indian literature of the nineteen-thirties. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1988. 168 pp.

As a Chinese American born in Peking and educated both in China and in the United States, the author has, for several decades, been interested in the impact of Chinese culture, including medicine, on American society. While holding a professorship in physiology and biophysics at the State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, the author began to teach a course on Chinese medical history in the early 1960s. In 1972, he founded the Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science and Medicine (IARASM) which publishes the American Journal of Chinese Medicine, holds international conferences for scholars and physicians interested in indigenous medical systems, trains physicians for acupuncture therapy, and fosters centers for urban primary health care. The author is a member of the World Health Organization's Expert Advisory Panel on Traditional Medicine. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Chinese Medicine which now reaches an audience in 45 countries. The IARASM is a World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine. The author served on the Rockefeller Commission of New York State on Acupuncture in 1973, and, in the same year, served as a panel member of the National Institutes of Health Conference on Acupuncture. He visited China at the invitation of the Ministry of Public Health of the People's Republic of China or WHO in 1973, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1984, and 1987 when he chaired meetings and lectured to faculty of several medical schools. The author envisages that the process of integration of all indigenous medicines of various cultures will end in the 21st century, at which time the "ecumenical medicine" - a term first used by Joseph Needham - movement will not be necessary, for all forms of medicine will be one system. The author has a great interest in the furtherance of indigenous medicine and their integration into one system, but his views and observations, as all endeavors in humanity, are not infallible.

-John Parker, Norman J.W. Thrower, Sir Francis Drake and the famous voyage, 1577-1580. Los Angeles: University of California Press, Contributions of the UCLA Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Vol. 11, 1984. xix + 214 pp.-Franklin W. Knight, B.W. Higman, Trade, government and society in Caribbean history 1700-1920. Kingston: Heinemann Educational Books, 1983. xii + 172 pp.-A.J.R. Russel-Wood, Lyle N. McAlister, Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, Europe and the World in the Age of Expansion Volume III, 1984. xxxi + 585 pp.-Tony Martin, John Gaffar la Guerre, The social and political thought of the colonial intelligentsia. Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, 1982. 136 pp.-Egenek K. Galbraith, Raymond T. Smith, Kinship ideology and practice in Latin America. Chapel Hill NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1984. 341 pp.-Anthony P. Maingot, James Pack, Nelson's blood: the story of naval rum. Annapolis MD, U.S.A.: Naval Institute Press and Havant Hampshire, U.K.: Kenneth Mason, 1982. 200 pp.-Anthony P. Maingot, Hugh Barty-King ,Rum: yesterday and today. London: William Heineman, 1983. xviii + 264 pp., Anton Massel (eds)-Helen I. Safa, Alejandro Portes ,Latin journey: Cuban and Mexican immigrants in the United States. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. xxi + 387 pp., Robert L. Bach (eds)-Wayne S. Smith, Carlos Franqui, Family portrait wth Fidel: a memoir. New York: Random House, 1984. xxiii + 263 pp.-Sergio G. Roca, Claes Brundenius, Revolutionary Cuba: the challenge of economic growth with equity. Boulder CO: Westview Press and London: Heinemann, 1984. xvi + 224 pp.-H. Hoetink, Bernardo Vega, La migración española de 1939 y los inicios del marxismo-leninismo en la República Dominicana. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1984. 208 pp.-Antonio T. Díaz-Royo, César Andreú-Iglesias, Memoirs of Bernardo Vega: a contribution to the history of the Puerto Rican community in New York. Translated by Juan Flores. New York and London: Monthly Review, 1984. xix + 243 pp.-Mariano Negrón-Portillo, Harold J. Lidin, History of the Puerto Rican independence movement: 20th century. Maplewood NJ; Waterfront Press, 1983. 250 pp.-Roberto DaMatta, Teodore Vidal, Las caretas de cartón del Carnaval de Ponce. San Juan: Ediciones Alba, 1983. 107 pp.-Manuel Alvarez Nazario, Nicolás del Castillo Mathieu, Esclavos negros en Cartagena y sus aportes léxicos. Bogotá: Institute Caro y Cuervo, 1982. xvii + 247 pp.-J.T. Gilmore, P.F. Campbell, The church in Barbados in the seventeenth century. Garrison, Barbados; Barbados Museum and Historical Society, 1982. 188 pp.-Douglas K. Midgett, Neville Duncan ,Women and politics in Barbados 1948-1981. Cave Hill, Barbados: Institute of Social and Economic Research (Eastern Caribbean), Women in the Caribbean Project vol. 3, 1983. x + 68 pp., Kenneth O'Brien (eds)-Ken I. Boodhoo, Maurice Bishop, Forward ever! Three years of the Grenadian Revolution. Speeches of Maurice Bishop. Sydney: Pathfinder Press, 1982. 287 pp.-Michael L. Conniff, Velma Newton, The silver men: West Indian labour migration to Panama, 1850-1914. Kingston: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, 1984. xx + 218 pp.-Robert Dirks, Frank L. Mills ,Christmas sports in St. Kitts: our neglected cultural tradition. With lessons by Bertram Eugene. Frederiksted VI: Eastern Caribbean Institute, 1984. iv + 66 pp., S.B. Jones-Hendrickson (eds)-Catherine L. Macklin, Virginia Kerns, Woman and the ancestors: Black Carib kinship and ritual. Urbana IL: University of Illinois Press, 1983. xv + 229 pp.-Marian McClure, Brian Weinstein ,Haiti: political failures, cultural successes. New York: Praeger (copublished with Hoover Institution Press, Stanford), 1984. xi + 175 pp., Aaron Segal (eds)-A.J.F. Köbben, W.S.M. Hoogbergen, De Boni-oorlogen, 1757-1860: marronage en guerilla in Oost-Suriname (The Boni wars, 1757-1860; maroons and guerilla warfare in Eastern Suriname). Bronnen voor de studie van Afro-amerikaanse samenlevinen in de Guyana's, deel 11 (Sources for the Study of Afro-American Societies in the Guyanas, no. 11). Dissertation, University of Utrecht, 1985. 527 pp.-Edward M. Dew, Baijah Mhango, Aid and dependence: the case of Suriname, a study in bilateral aid relations. Paramaribo: SWI, Foundation in the Arts and Sciences, 1984. xiv + 171 pp.-Edward M. Dew, Sandew Hira, Balans van een coup: drie jaar 'surinaamse revolutie.' Rotterdam: Futile (Blok & Flohr), 1983. 175 pp.-Ian Robertson, John A. Holm ,Dictionary of Bahamian English. New York: Lexik House Publishers, 1982. xxxix + 228 pp., Alison Watt Shilling (eds)-Erica Williams Connell, Paul Sutton, Commentary: A reply from Williams Connell (to the review by Anthony Maingot in NWIG 57:89-97).

Orlando Figes, A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution, 1891–1924 (London: Jonathan Cape, 1996 (reviewed in Pimlico edition, 1997), 923 pp., ISBN 0–150–24364–X.Vladimir N. Brovkin, Behind the Front Lines of the Russian Civil War: Political Parties and Social Movements in Russia, 1918–1922 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994), 455 pp., ISBN 0–691–03278–5.Edward Acton, William G. Rosenberg and Vladimir Iu. Cherniaev, eds., Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution 1914–1921 (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1997), 782 pp., ISBN 0–340–61454–4.Ronald Kowalski, The Russian Revolution, 1917–1921 (London and New York: Routledge, 1997), 269 pp., ISBN 0–415–12437–9.André Liebich. From the Other Shore: Russian Social Democracy after 1921 (Cambridge, MA, and London: Harvard University Press, 1997), 476 pp., ISBN 0–674–32517–6.Over eighty years after it occurred, the Russian Revolution continues to engender debate among professional historians as well as the interested public. If the French Revolution is any guide, this interest is very likely to continue indefinitely. Causes and consequences, the meaning and significance of individual component events, the interplay of social forces, and cultural, political, intellectual, economic and a myriad of other aspects have and will continue to be examined and sifted through. Last year – the eightieth anniversary – produced a number of important works on the revolution and its consequences. Those under review here, including an older one from 1994, represent a range of approaches, from introductory accounts for the general reader to summations of the state of knowledge to histories of the revolution's ‘losers’.

Objective: This objective of this study was to determine the effect of presurgical nasoalveolar molding on long-term nasal shape in complete unilateral clefts. Design: The study was retrospective, and the subjects were chosen at random. Nasal casts of the subjects were scanned in three dimensions. Each nose was best fit to its mirror image, and a numerical asymmetry score was determined. Setting: All patients were treated at the Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, NYU Medical Center, New York, New York. Patients: The study subjects (n = 10) were selected from a group that had undergone presurgical nasal molding in conjunction with alveolar molding. The control subjects (n = 10) were selected from a group that had undergone presurgical alveolar molding alone. Interventions: All subjects underwent presurgical orthopedic treatment until the age of approximately 4 months at which time the primary surgery was performed. Main Outcome Measure: The nasal shape following nasal molding should be more symmetrical than if molding had not been done. Results: The mean asymmetry index for the nasoalveolar molding group was 0.74, and the control group was 1.21. This difference was statistically significant (p < .05). Conclusions: Presurgical nasoalveolar molding significantly increases the symmetry of the nose. The increase in symmetry is maintained long term into early childhood. The limitations of this study include (1) asymmetry alone is not an adequate shape result in most situations, (2) the children evaluated in this study were not fully grown, and (3) the control group was not age matched.

The paper presents a collection of selected optical systems recently developed in the Institute of Applied Optics-INOS. The collection includes the family of techniques where the continuously modified wavelength facilitates high accuracy measurements of optical and geometrical features of the object in question i.e. the variable wavelength interferometry and confocal chromatic sensors. In addition, the paper refers to the construction of a new type of a spectrometer with rotating plasma and an illumination system supporting the road safety. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Pluta, Advanced Light Microscopy (Vol. 3, PWN, Elsevier, Warszawa-Amsterdam-London-New York-Tokyo, 1993). DirectLink M. Pluta, "Object-adapted variable-wavelength interferometry. I. Theoretical basis", Journal of Opt. Soc. Am., A4(11), 2107 (1987). CrossRef M. Pluta, "Variable wavelength microinterferometry of textile fibres", J. Microscopy, 149(2), 97 (1988). CrossRef M. Pluta, "On double‐refracting microinterferometers which suffer from a variable interfringe spacing across the image plane", Journal of Microscopy, 145(2), 191 (1987). CrossRef K. A. El-Farahaty, A. M. Sadik, A. M. Hezma, "Study of Optical and Structure Properties of Polyester (PET) and Copolyester (PETG) Fibers by Interferometry", International Journal of Polymeric Materials 56(7),715 (2007). CrossRef J. Galas, D. Litwin, M. Daszkiewicz, "New approach for identifying the zero-order fringe in variable wavelength interferometry", Proc. SPIE 10142, 101421R (2016). CrossRef A. Sadik, W. A. Ramadan, D. Litwin, "Variable incidence angle method combined with Pluta polarizing interference microscope for refractive index and thickness measurement of single-medium fibres", Measurement Science and Technology, IOP Publishing 14(10), 1753 (2003). CrossRef J. Galas, S. Sitarek; D. Litwin; M. Daszkiewicz, "Fringe image analysis for variable wavelength interferometry", Proc. SPIE 10445, 1044504 (2017). CrossRef D. Litwin, A. M. Sadik, "Computer-aided variable wavelength Fourier transform polarizing microscopy of birefringent fibers.", Optica Applicata 28(2), 139 (1998). DirectLink D. Litwin, J. Galas, N. Błocki, "Automated variable wavelength interferometry in reflected light mode", Proc.SPIE 6188, 61880F (2006). CrossRef M. Pluta, "Variable wavelength interferometry of birefringent retarders", Opt. Laser Technology, 19(3), 131 (1987). CrossRef K. Fladischer et al. "An ellipsoidal mirror for focusing neutral atomic and molecular beams", New journal of Physics, 12(3) 033018 (2010). CrossRef K. Fladischer et al. "An optical profilometer for characterizing complex surfaces under high vacuum conditions", Precision engineering Elsevier 32(3), 182 (2008). CrossRef A.E. Weeks et al. "Accurate surface profilometry of ultrathin wafers", Semiconductor Science and Technology", IOP Publishing, 22(9), 997 (2007). CrossRef D. Litwin et al. "Overview of the measuring systems where a continuously altered light source plays a key role: Part I", Proc. SPIE 10808, 10 8080B (2018). CrossRef D. Litwin et al. "Noise reduction in an optical emission spectrometer with rotating diffraction grating", Proc. SPIE 10142 101421Q (2016). CrossRef D. Litwin et al. "Photonics approach to traffic signs", Proc SPIE 10142 1014214, (2016). CrossRef

Emotional Intelligence is a growing concept among academic researchers. Studies show a positive influence of EI on individuals; however, it is not much explored in a higher educational context. In the present study, we tested the influence of EI on students’ academic performance in the context of a higher educational institute in Oman. The study utilized a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional survey is used for data collection (n=111). The findings show that there is a positive and significant correlation between aspects of emotional intelligence and academic performance measured by CGPA including self-awareness (β=.478, P<0.05); emotions management (β=.429, P<0.05); self-motivation (β=.290, P<0.05); empathy (β=.386, P<0.05); and social skills (β=.249, P<0.05). The result implies that EI is strongly associated with academic performance. The implication of the study is that it academic institutions need to give a greater attention to the emotional development of the students. Introduction: Emotional Intelligence is a growing concept among academic researchers. Studies show a positive influence of EI on individuals; however, it is not much explored in a higher educational context. Problem: In the present study, we tested the influence of EI on students’ academic performance in the context of a higher educational institute in Oman. Methodology: The study utilized a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional survey is used for data collection (n=111). Results: The findings show that there is a positive and significant correlation between aspects of emotional intelligence and academic performance measured by CGPA including self-awareness (β=.478, P<0.05); emotions management (β=.429, P<0.05); self-motivation (β=.290, P<0.05); empathy (β=.386, P<0.05); and social skills (β=.249, P<0.05). Implications: The result implies that EI is strongly associated with academic performance. The implication of the study is that it academic institutions need to give a greater attention to the emotional development of the students. Adapted from: Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. New York: Bantam Books. (no apa) Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books. (no apa) Goleman, D. (2001). Emotional intelligence: Issues in paradigm building. The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace, 13, 26.

Anthony Esler. The Human Venture. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1986. Volume I: The Great Enterprise, a World History to 1500. Pp. xii, 340. Volume II: The Globe Encompassed, A World History since 1500. Pp. xii, 399. Paper, $20.95 each. Review by Teddy J. Uldricks of the University of North Carolina at Asheville. H. Stuart Hughes and James Wilkinson. Contemporary Europe: A History. Englewood Clifffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1987. Sixth edition. Pp. xiii, 615. Cloth, $35.33. Review by Harry E. Wade of East Texas State University. Ellen K. Rothman. Hands and Hearts: A History of Courtship in America. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1987. Pp. xi, 370. Paper, $8.95. Review by Mary Jane Capozzoli of Warren County Community College. Bernard Lewis, ed. Islam: from the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Volume I: Politics and War. Pp.xxxvii, 226. Paper, $9.95. Volume II: Religion and Society. Pp. xxxix, 310. Paper, $10.95. Review by Calvin H. Allen, Jr. of The School of the Ozarks. Michael Stanford. The Nature of Historical Knowledge. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1986. Pp. vii, 196. Cloth, $45.00; paper, $14.95. Review by Michael J. Salevouris of Webster University. David Stricklin and Rebecca Sharpless, eds. The Past Meets The Present: Essays On Oral History. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1988. Pp. 151. Paper, $11.50. Review by Jacob L. Susskind of The Pennsylvania State University. Peter N. Stearns. World History: Patterns of Change and Continuity. New York: Harper and row, 1987. Pp. viii, 598. Paper, $27.00; Theodore H. Von Laue. The World Revolution of Westernization: The Twentieth Century in Global Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Pp. xx, 396. Cloth, $24.95. Review by Jayme A. Sokolow of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Marilyn J. Boxer and Jean R Quataert, eds. Connecting Spheres: Women in the Western World, 1500 to the Present. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Pp. xvii, 281. Cloth, $29.95; Paper, $10.95. Review by Samuel E. Dicks of Emporia State University. Dietrich Orlow. A History of Modern Germany: 1870 to Present. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987. Pp. xi, 371. Paper, $24.33. Review by Gordon R. Mork of Purdue University. Gail Braybon and Penny Summerfield. Out of the Cage: Women's Experiences in Two World Wars. Pandora: London and New York, 1987. Pp. xiii, 330. Paper, $14.95. Review by Paul E. Fuller of Transylvania University. Moshe Lewin. The Gorbachev Phenomenon: A Historical Interpretation. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988. Pp. xii, 176. Cloth, $16.95; David A. Dyker, ed. The Soviet Union Under Gorbachev: Prospects for Reform. London & New York: Croom Helm, 1987. Pp. 227. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Elizabeth J. Wilcoxson of Northern Essex Community College. Charles D. Smith, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988. Pp. viii, 308. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Arthur Q. Larson of Westmar College. Stephen G. Rabe. Eisenhower and Latin America: The Foreign Policy of Anticommunism. Chapel Hill & London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1988. Pp. 237. Cloth $29.95; paper, $9.95. Review by Donald J. Mabry of Mississippi State University. Earl Black and Merle Black. Politics and Society in the South. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1987. Pp. ix, 363. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Donn C. Neal of the Society of American Archivists. The Lessons of the Vietnam War: A Modular Textbook. Pittsburgh: Center for Social Studies Education, 1988. Teacher edition (includes 64-page Teacher's Manual and twelve curricular units of 31-32 pages each), $39.95; student edition, $34.95; individual units, $3.00 each. Order from Center for Social Studies Education, 115 Mayfair Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15228. Review by Stephen S. Gosch of the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. Media Reviews Carol Kammen. On Doing Local History. Videotape (VIIS). 45 minutes. Presented at SUNY-Brockport's Institute of Local Studies First Annual Symposium, September 1987. $29.95 prepaid. (Order from: Dr. Ronald W. Herlan, Director, Institute of Local Studies, Room 180, Faculty Office Bldg., SUNY-Brockport. Brockport. NY 14420.) Review by Herbert Janick of Western Connecticut State University.

Abstract Objectives (1) Examine changes in healthy food availability among Hispanic Caribbean restaurants (HCR) in response to COVID-19. (2) Assess the association between changes and restaurant type. Methods A random sample of HCRs (n = 89) offering Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican cuisine, were examined in Summer 2019 (T1) using the NEMS-HCR, an adapted version of the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for Restaurants (NEMS-R) and reassessed after the onset of COVID-19 in January 2021 (T2, n = 76) using online menus. We examined menu changes between T1 and T2 data sets in the NEMS-HCR overall healthy food availability (HFA) score, and specific variables: the number of healthy main dish salads (HMDS) and the menu proportion of nonfried foods (NFF) on the menu. We then examined changes by restaurant type (sit-down vs. counter-style) using repeated measures ANOVA. Results Between T1 and T2, 7 HRCs permanently closed, 1 closed for the season, and 5 were excluded due to lack of online menus. Mean proportion of NFF significantly decreased from 71.7% ± 17.5 (T1) to 66.1% ± 17.8 (T2) (P = 0.002). Changes in HFA scores (4.5 ± 2.0 to 4.1 ± 2.2) and HMDS (1.7 ± 2.8 to 1.8 ± 3.0) were not statistically significant (P = 0.06 and P = 0.65, respectively). Repeated measures ANOVA indicated no correlation between the decrease in availability of NFF between T1 and T2 and restaurant type (P = 0.29). Conclusions Restaurants can play a significant role in the mitigation of diet-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes by providing customers with healthy menu offerings. Our study showed a decrease in healthier menu options, particularly non-fried entrees, contributing to our understanding of how restaurants may need to adapt for their own survival in times of crisis such as a pandemic or disaster. Because unfavorable menu options can contribute to the rising incidence of diet-related chronic diseases within the community, more research is needed to understand how restaurants respond to crises in order to better support the preservation of HFA within their menu selections, and the effects of these changes in customers’ diets. Funding Sources CUNY PSC Award and NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Michael B. Katz. Reconstructing American Education. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1987. Pp. viii, 212. Cloth, $22.50; E. D. Hirsch, Jr. Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1987. Pp. xvii, 251. Cloth, $16.45; Diana Ravitch and Chester E. Finn, Jr. What Do Our 17-Year-Olds Know? A Report on the First National Assessment of History and Literature. New York: Harper & Row, 1987. Pp. ix, 293. Cloth, $15.95. Review by Richard A. Diem of The University of Texas at San Antonio. Henry J. Steffens and Mary Jane Dickerson. Writer's Guide: History. Lexington, Massachusetts, and Toronto: D. C. Heath and Company, 1987. Pp. x, 211. Paper, $6.95. Review by William G. Wraga of Bernards Township Public Schools, Basking Ridge, New Jersey. J. Kelley Sowards, ed. Makers of the Western Tradition: Portraits from History. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987. Fourth edition. Vol: 1: Pp. ix, 306. Paper, $12.70. Vol. 2: Pp. ix, 325. Paper, $12.70. Review by Robert B. Luehrs of Fort Hays State University. John L. Beatty and Oliver A. Johnson, eds. Heritage of Western Civilization. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987. Sixth Edition. Volume I: Pp. xi, 465. Paper, $16.00; Volume II: pp. xi, 404. Paper, $16.00. Review by Dav Levinson of Thayer Academy, Braintree, Massachusetts. Lynn H. Nelson, ed. The Human Perspective: Readings in World Civilization. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987. Vol. I: The Ancient World to the Early Modern Era. Pp. viii, 328. Paper, $10.50. Vol. II: The Modern World Through the Twentieth Century. Pp, x, 386. Paper, 10.50. Review by Gerald H. Davis of Georgia State University. Gerald N. Grob and George Attan Billias, eds. Interpretations of American History: Patterns and Perspectives. New York: The Free Press, 1987. Fifth Edition. Volume I: Pp. xi, 499. Paper, $20.00: Volume II: Pp. ix, 502. Paper, $20.00. Review by Larry Madaras of Howard Community College. Eugene Kuzirian and Larry Madaras, eds. Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in American History. -- Volume II: Reconstruction to the Present. Guilford, Connecticut: The Dushkin Publishing Groups, Inc., 1987. Pp. xii, 384. Paper, $9.50. Review by James F. Adomanis of Anne Arundel County Public Schools, Annapolis, Maryland. Joann P. Krieg, ed. To Know the Place: Teaching Local History. Hempstead, New York: Hofstra University Long Island Studies Institute, 1986. Pp. 30. Paper, $4.95. Review by Marilyn E. Weigold of Pace University. Roger Lane. Roots of Violence in Black Philadelphia, 1860-1900. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp. 213. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Ronald E. Butchart of SUNY College at Cortland. Pete Daniel. Breaking the Land: The Transformation of Cotton, Tobacco, and Rice Cultures since 1880. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1985. Pp. xvi, 352. Paper, $22.50. Review by Thomas S. Isern of Emporia State University. Norman L. Rosenberg and Emily S. Rosenberg. In Our Times: America Since World War II. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1987. Third edition. Pp. xi, 316. Paper, $20.00; William H. Chafe and Harvard Sitkoff, eds. A History of Our Time: Readings on Postwar America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Second edition. Pp. xiii, 453. Paper, $12.95. Review by Monroe Billington of New Mexico State University. Frank W. Porter III, ed. Strategies for Survival: American Indians in the Eastern United States. New York, Westport, Connecticut, and London: Greenwood Press, 1986. Pp. xvi, 232. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Richard Robertson of St. Charles County Community College. Kevin Sharpe, ed. Faction & Parliament: Essays on Early Stuart History. London and New York: Methuen, 1985. Pp. xvii, 292. Paper, $13.95; Derek Hirst. Authority and Conflict: England, 1603-1658. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 390. Cloth, $35.00. Review by K. Gird Romer of Kennesaw College. N. F. R. Crafts. British Economic Growth During the Industrial Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. 193. Paper, $11.95; Maxine Berg. The Age of Manufactures, 1700-1820. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. 378. Paper, $10.95. Review by C. Ashley Ellefson of SUNY College at Cortland. J. M. Thompson. The French Revolution. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985 reissue. Pp. xvi, 544. Cloth, $45.00; Paper, $12.95. Review by W. Benjamin Kennedy of West Georgia College. J. P. T. Bury. France, 1814-1940. London and New York: Methuen, 1985. Fifth edition. Pp. viii, 288. Paper, $13.95; Roger Magraw. France, 1815-1914: The Bourgeois Century. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. 375. Cloth, $24.95; Paper, $9.95; D. M.G. Sutherland. France, 1789-1815: Revolution and Counterrevolution. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 242. Cloth, $32.50; Paper, $12.95. Review by Fred R. van Hartesveldt of Fort Valley State College. Woodford McClellan. Russia: A History of the Soviet Period. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1986. Pp. xi, 387. Paper, $23.95. Review by Pasquale E. Micciche of Fitchburg State College. Ranbir Vohra. China's Path to Modernization: A Historical Review from 1800 to the Present. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1987. Pp. xiii, 302. Paper, $22.95. Reivew by Steven A. Leibo of Russell Sage College. John King Fairbank. China Watch. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1987. Pp. viii, Cloth, $20.00. Review by Darlene E. Fisher of New Trier Township High School, Winnetka, Illinois. Ronald Takaki, ed. From Different Shores: Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity in America. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Pp. 253. Paper, $13.95. Review by Robert C. Sims of Boise State University.

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed the prevalence, patterns and predictors of dietary supplement use among participants of the databank and biorepository (DBBR) at a comprehensive cancer centre in western New York.DesignArchived epidemiological questionnaire data were obtained from the DBBR at Roswell Park Cancer Institute. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression explored the prevalence, patterns and predictors of lifetime use of four common supplements (multivitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E and calcium) and use of multivitamins, sixteen single vitamins/minerals and eighteen herbal/specialty supplements within the previous 10 years.SettingWestern New York, USA.SubjectsDBBR participants (n 8096) enrolled between December 2003 and July 2012 were included in these analyses: 66·9 % (n 5418) with cancer, 65·6 % (n 5309) women, mean age for patients v. cancer-free controls 59·9 (sd 12·6) years and 50·7 (sd 15·4) years, respectively.ResultsOverall, 54·4 % of DBBR participants reported lifetime use of one or more supplements and 63·1 % reported use of one or more supplements within the previous 10 years (excluding multivitamins). Multivitamin use was high in this sample (lifetime: 64·1 %; 10 years: 71·3 %; current: 51·8 %). Supplementation was higher among cancer-free controls than cancer patients. Vitamin C, calcium and fish oil were the most common single vitamin, mineral and specialty product, respectively.ConclusionsA consistently high and increasing proportion of dietary supplement use over time remains clear. Supplementation is prevalent among cancer patients and may even be higher than predicted in cancer-free individuals. Further studies should assess the safety and efficacy of specific supplements in reducing disease risk.

Abstract Introduction Little is known about sleep health among transgender and gender diverse populations. Even less is known about sleep among transgender women of color, a population that experiences considerable health disparity. Methods Interim baseline data were analyzed from the TURNNT (Trying to Understand Relationships, Networks and Neighborhoods among Transgender women of color) Study, an ongoing cohort of 350 HIV-negative transgender women of color in New York City. At baseline, items from the widely-used Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to measure typical sleep duration and subjective sleep quality. For example, typical sleep duration was measured with the PSQI item, “During the past month, how many hours of actual sleep did you get each night?”. Participant responses were analyzed descriptively; the Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess bivariate associations. Results As of November 2019, there were n=31 participants enrolled in TURNNT. Nearly half of participants earned less than $30,000 per year (48%) and in the 6 months before participation 61% had experienced food insecurity and 13% reported being unstably housed. Participants reported typically receiving 2-12 hours of sleep per night (median=6 hours). With short sleep defined as &lt;7 hours per night, 55% reported this during the month prior to participation in the study, while 29% of participants rated their overall sleep quality as poor. Typical sleep duration was equivalent among participants with lower or higher incomes (5.5 vs 7 hours, p=0.3), but those who faced food insecurity reported less sleep (5 vs 7 hours, p&lt;0.05) as did those who experienced housing instability (3.5 vs 7 hours, p&lt;0.05). Conclusion Poor sleep health was common among our sample of transgender women of color, especially among those experiencing food insecurity and housing instability. Future research should examine multi-level correlates of poor sleep health such as network structures and neighborhood environments. Support The TURNNT (Trying to Understand Relationships, Networks and Neighborhoods among Transgender women of color) Study is funded through grants from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (Grant Numbers: R01MD013554 and 3R01MD013554-02S1; Principal Investigator: Dustin T. Duncan, ScD).

Abstract Background Oral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is effective in preventing HIV transmission. To minimize barriers to PEP for New York City (NYC) residents, the Institute for Advanced Medicine (IAM), Mount Sinai Health System, and the NYC Department of Health and Mental Health established a 24-hour 7-days PEP hotline to provide eligible callers with immediate access to PEP and follow-up clinical care. Methods Data from hotline callers (January to December 2017) was analyzed utilizing multivariable logistic regression to determine whether a call resulted in PEP access within 72 hours of exposure by sociodemographic variables and exposure characteristics. We describe transitions from PEP to PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis). Results The PEP hotline cohort (n = 1278) was 83% male, 11% female, 1% transgender; 66% LGBTQ and 20% heterosexual; 35% White, 15% Black, 9% Asian; 41% other/unknown; 25% Hispanic; mean age of 30 years (range 14–72). The majority of callers learned about the hotline by Internet search (59%). Mean exposure time prior to call was 31 hours with 57% within 24 hours. Exposures were 98% sexual; 73% anal sex (43% receptive; 30% insertive), 21% vaginal, and 6% other. 63% reported condomless sex and 29% condom failure. 15% of callers reported a partner with HIV. 35% of callers reported alcohol or recreational substances at the time of the exposure. Prior PEP and PrEP use was 20% and 9%, respectively. 91% of callers were eligible for PEP; 69% called afterhours and received a telephone PEP prescription, and 27% called during business hours and were directed to a clinic. Access to PEP within 72 hours of exposure occurred in 1,081 (93%) of eligible callers and within 36 hours in 68%. 90% of callers had confirmed follow-up clinic appointments. Of the 472 callers linked to care at the IAM, 89 (19%) transitioned to PrEP. Conclusion This unique program demonstrates a timely initiative to facilitate PEP access to a diverse cohort with the purpose of mitigating risk from potential exposure to HIV. Further investigation is needed to explore adherence to PEP, follow-up testing results, transitions to PrEP for prevention planning, and coordination of health care and substance use services. Disclosures E. Kaplan-Lewis, Viiv: Consultant, Consulting fee. J. Aberg, Gilead: Research Contractor, Research support. GSK: Research Contractor, Research support. ViiV: Research Contractor, Research support. A. Urbina, Theratechnologies: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. ViiV: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Merck: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Gilead: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee.

Dr Yilmaz teaches in the Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design of the University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey,from which she has a Masters degree. She also has a Ph. D from the Department of Urban and Environmental Sciences, University of Ankara. She has presented papers on environmental problems and vernacular architecture at numerous national and international congresses, and published others in various scholarly journals. Professor Keleş taught at Ankara University, Faculty of Political Science for many years and served as Dean of the Faculty from 1971 to1975. He was also Head of both the Ernst Reuter Center for Urban Studies and the Center for Environmental Studies at the same university. He currently teaches at the Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus. Dr Keleş has published extensively on Comparative Urbanization, Theories of Local Government, Environmental Policies, and Urban Politics. His major publications include The Politics of Urbanization: Government and Growth in Modern Turkey (with Michael N. Danielson, New York, Holmes and Meier, 1985)-, The Urban Poverty in the Third World, Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, 1988; and Housing in the Middle East (with Hiromaso Kano), Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, 1986. Dr Keles is a member of the World Society for Ekistics. The text that follows is an edited version of a paper presented at the international symposion on 'The Natural City, " Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division of the Environtmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics.

Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/sar/editor/recruitment and e-mail the completed application form to sar@ccsenet.org. &nbsp; Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 4 Aftab Alam, Edenworks Inc. New York, United States Benedict Jonathan Kayombo, Botswana College of Agriculture, Botswana Beye Amadou Moustapha, Rice Research Center, Cote d&#39;Ivoire Daniel L Mutisya, Kenya Agricultural &amp; Livestock Research Organization, Kenya Dietrich Darr, Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Germany Entessar Mohammad Al JBawi, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria Esther Shekinah Durairaj, Michael Fields Agricultural Institute, USA Giuseppina Migliore, University of Palermo, Italy Inder Pal Singh, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, India Katarzyna Panasiewicz, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Manuel Teles Oliveira, University Tras os Montes Alto Douro (UTAD), Portugal Mehmet Yagmur, Ahi Evran University, Turkey Mirela Kopjar, University of Osijek, Croatia Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh Murtazain Raza, Subsidiary of Habib Bank AG Zurich, Pakistan Nehemie Tchinda Donfagsiteli, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Cameroon Raghuveer Sripathi, Advanta US, Inc., USA Ram Niwas, District Institute of Rural Development, India Roberto Jos&eacute; Zoppolo, Instituto Nacional de Investigaci&oacute;n Agropecuaria, Uruguay Samuel Obae, University of Connecticut, United States Samuel Pare, University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Stefano Marino, University of Molise, Italy Tenaw Workayehu, Hawassa Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia

In this survey, the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors concerning acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a group (N = 196) of innercity adolescents in New York City were assessed. Sexual activity was the major risk factor for AIDS in this population; 58% of the adolescents had engaged in sexual intercourse; 12% of these had never used contraception. There were small reported rates of homosexuality, anal intercourse, and prostitution. Of respondents, 22% reported alcohol use and 22% had tried recreational drugs. None had ever taken drugs intravenously. Knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission was generally good, although there were prominent misconceptions. For example, 52% of the adolescents believed that donating blood could transmit HIV. Of respondents, 47% "never" or "rarely" worried about the disease. Of the total group, 39% reported behavior changes because of concern about AIDS in the previous 6 months. Those who changed behaviors tended to have a greater perceived risk, worry more frequently about the disease, and have a better knowledge of means of HIV transmission. Of those reporting behavior changes, 66% (25% of the total study group) claimed to be using condoms currently, and 16% (6% of the total study group) claimed to be abstemious. More black adolescents than Hispanic adolescents instituted behavior changes. Of black female adolescents, 71% were sexually active, as compared with 30% of Hispanic female adolescents. Assessment of beliefs in methods of risk reduction indicated that although female adolescents were more likely to believe that condoms were a good way to decrease their risk of acquiring HIV, those who were sexually active were less likely than men to institute the behavior change of insisting on condom use or of having their partners use condoms the last time they had sexual intercourse. Of sexually active female adolescents, 73% did not insist on condom use the last time they had sexual relations, whereas 51% of sexually active male adolescents did use a condom. These adolescent women were not using their knowledge concerning HIV transmission and protection to alter behavior effectively and thereby decrease their risk. Also, 21% of respondents spontaneously claimed that they would commit suicide if they tested positive for the HIV antibody. Other motivational and educational strategies besides education, targeting female adolescents, must be used and the consequences of the use of the HIV antibody test must be carefully considered in this age group.

In 1918 into a peasant family, was born A. A. Shalimov, who, after finishing school and technical school he enrolled in the Kuban medical Institute (1936-1941), he worked as a doctor in hospitals near Krasnodar, in Chita oblast (1941), in the cities of Bryansk and the eagle; chief surgeon of the Orel region (1949). In 1951, A. A. Shalimov returned to Bryansk, he defended his dissertation and received the title of Honored doctor of the RSFSR. Later A. A. Shalimov moved to Kharkov, he defended his doctoral dissertation (1957) and was appointed head of the Department of thoracic surgery and anesthesiology of the Ukrainian Institute of advanced training of physicians (1959), Director of the Kharkiv Institute of General and urgent surgery (1965), head of the Department of thoracoabdominal surgery of the Kiev Institute of improvement of doctors, as head of the surgical Department, the Director of Kiev research Institute of Hematology and blood transfusion (1970) and Kyiv Sri of clinical and experimental surgery (1971), chief surgeon of the Ministry of health of Ukraine (1980). A. Shalimov was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1969), academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1978). A. A. Shalimova awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor of the USSR (1982), Hero of Ukraine with the order of Powers (2005). Alexander Shalimov 870 author of scientific papers, including 35 monographs, 112 inventions, he has trained 50 doctors and nearly 100 candidates of medical Sciences. A. A. Shalimov was awarded two orders of Lenin and red banner of Labor, order of the October Revolution, the order of the Ukrainian State (2005) and "For merits" of three degrees, medals and orders and medals of foreign States. Oleksandr Shalimov was a member of the Board of the Association of surgeons im. N. And. Pirogov, the International Association of surgeons, the all-Union scientific society of surgeons, gastroenterologists and cardiologists, Chairman of the Ukrainian Republican scientific society of surgeons, full member of the new York Academy of Sciences, editor-in-chief of the journal "Clinical surgery", Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR 8-10 convocations. The international chamber of the American biographical Institute, he was elected "Man of the year – 1997", awarded diploma of the International biographical centre of Cambridge University for achievements in medicine of the twentieth century. Died Alexander Shalimov February 28, 2006.

Angel, S. et al. (Eds.). (1983). Land for housing the poor. Singapore: Select Books. Antaöv. A. (2007). Democracy to become reality: Participatory planning through action research. Habitat International, 31(3-4), 333-344. Archer, D. (2009). Social capital and participatory slum upgrading in Bangkok, Thailand. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge. Asian Coalition for Housing Right [ACHR]. (2012). Comprehensive site planning: Transform community to better living place for all. Bangkok: Author. Boonyabancha, S. (2005). BMK going to scale with “slums” and squatter upgrading in Thailand. Environment and Urbanization, 17(1), 21-46. Boonyabancha, S. (2009). Land for housing the poor—by the poor: Experience from the BMK nationwide slum upgrading programme in Thailand. Environment and Urbanization, 21(2), 1-21. Brydon-Miller, M. et al. (2003). Why action research? Action Research, 1(1), 9-28. Community Organizations Development Institute [CODI]. (2003). โครงการบ้านมั่นคง: แผนยุทธศาสตร์การแก้ไขปัญหาที่อยู่อาศัย (พ.ศ. 2546-2550) [BMK: Strategic plan for slum upgrading (2003-2007)], Bangkok: Author. Community Organizations Development Institute [CODI]. (2010). บ้านมั่นคง [Baan Mankong]. Retrieved May 29, 2012, from http://www.codi.or.th/baanmankong/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=57&Itemid=10&lang=en Community Organizations Development Institute [CODI]. (2013). โครงการบ้านมั่นคง: พัฒนาการการแก้ไขปัญหาที่อยู่อาศัย [Baan Mankong Program: The evolution of housing development]. Retrieved March 14, 2013, from http://www.codi.or.th/baanmankong/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=57&Itemid=10&lang=en Davis, M. (2006). Planet of slums. New York: Verso. Forestor, J. F. (1989). The deliberative practitioner. Massachusetts: MIT Press. Frank, D. (2008). Sustainable housing finance for low-income groups: A comparative study. Berlin: Nomos Publishers. Friedmann, J. (1973). Retracking America: A theory of transactive planning. Los Angeles: Anchor Books. Gustavsen, B. (2008). Action research, practical challenges, and the formation of theory. Action Research, 6(4), 421-437. Healey, P. (1997). Collaborative planning: Shaping places in fragmented societies. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. International Institute for Environment and Development [IIED]. (2003). A decade of change: From the urban community development (UCDO) to the community organizations development institute (CODI) in Thailand, Working Paper 12 on Poverty Reduction in Urban Areas. Innes, J. (1996). Planning through consensus building: A view of the comprehensive ideal. Journal of the American Planning Association, 62(4), 460-472. Krumholz, N. & Forestor, J. F. (1990). Making equity planning work: Leadership in the public sector. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Rabhibhat, A. (2007). รายงานวิจัยการประเมินผลโครงการบ้านมั่นคง เรื่อง คนจนเมือง: การเปลี่ยนแปลงโลกทัศน์และทัศนคติที่มีต่อตนเองและสังคม [The urban poor: The changes of social perspective and self reflection]. Unpublished Final Report submitted to Community Organization Development Institute. Sang-arun, N. (2012). The right to the city: The housing rights movement of Bangbua community. Journal of Architecture/Planning Research and Studies, 9(1), 1-12. Sapu, S. & Usavagovitwong, N. (2007). คู่มือการออกแบบและวางผังชุมชนโครงการบ้านมั่นคง: กรณีการสร้างชุมชนในภาคตะวันออกฉียงเหนือ [Community planning and design manual for Baan Mankong program: A case study of northeastern province]. Bangkok, Thailand: Community Organization Development Institute. Seabrook, J. (1996). In the cities of the south: Scenes from a developing world. London: Verso. Spatig, L. et al. (2010). The power of process: A story of collaboration and community change. Community Development, 41(1), 3-20. The Crown Property Bureau. (2010). รายงานประจำาปี พ.ศ. 2553 [Annual report 2010]. Retrieved March 12, 2013, from http://www.crownproperty.or.th/th/annual_report_2010.pdf The Crown Property Bureau. (2013). การพัฒนาชุมชนตามโครงการบ้านมั่นคง 39 ชุมชน [39 Communities: Baan Mankong program’s community development]. Retrieved March 12, 2013, from http://www.crownproperty.or.th/real_estate_02_06.php Turner, J. F. C. (1977). Housing by people: Towards autonomy in building environments. Michigan: Pantheon Books. UN-Habitat. (1997). Accommodating people in the Asia-Pacific region. Fukuoka: Author. UN-Habitat. (2012). Sustainable housing for sustainable cities: A policy framework for developing countries. Nairobi: Author. United Nations. (2008). Promotion and protection of all rights, civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, including the rights to development. Human Rights Council. 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PURPOSE To evaluate the biologic interactions and toxicities of melphalan (L-PAM) combined with 41.8 degrees C whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) for 60 minutes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixteen patients with refractory cancer were treated (May 1992 to May 1995) with WBH alone during week 1) thereafter patients were randomized to receive either L-PAM alone on week 2 and L-PAM plus WBH on week 5, or the reverse sequence. Patients who demonstrated clinical improvement received WBH plus L-PAM monthly. Dose levels of L-PAM were 10 mg/m2 (n = 3), 15 mg/m2 (n = 3), 17.5 mg/m2 (n = 6), and 20 mg/m2 (n = 4). L-PAM was administered at target temperature; WBH was administered with an Aquatherm radiant-heat device (patent pending; Cancer Research Institute, New York, NY). RESULTS Comparisons of mean WBC count and platelet nadirs for L-PAM alone and L-PAM plus WBH demonstrated that the addition of WBH resulted in nadir counts that were, on average, 25% lower. There were no instances of febrile neutropenia or bleeding. Toxicities allowed for escalation of L-PAM to 20 mg/m2; all four patients at this level experienced grade 4 myelosuppression. No significant myelosuppression was observed at 10 and 15 mg/m2. Grade 3 myelosuppression was observed in two of six patients at 17.5 mg/m2. Responses included complete remission (CR) of pancreatic cancer (10 mg/m2), partial remission (PR) of malignant melanoma in two patients (20 mg/m2), and transient clinical and/or serologic improvement in five patients. The pharmacokinetics of L-PAM were not altered by WBH. Observed cytokine induction by WBH is also discussed in detail. CONCLUSION We conclude that L-PAM with 41.8 degrees C WBH is well tolerated. Clinical results are consistent with preclinical predictions and provide a foundation for second-generation trials now in progress.

AbstractGround-based spectrometers have been deployed to measure the concentration, velocity, and temperature of ozone in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), using low-cost satellite television electronics to observe the 11.072-GHz line of ozone. The ozone line was observed at an altitude near 95 km at 38°N, 71°W using three spectrometers located at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Haystack Observatory (Westford, Massachusetts), Chelmsford High School (Chelmsford, Massachusetts), and Union College (Schenectady, New York), each pointed south at 8° elevation. Observations from 2009 through 2014 were used to derive the nightly averaged seasonal variation of the 95-km altitude meridional wind velocity, as well as the seasonally averaged variation of the meridional wind with local solar time. The results indicate a seasonal trend in which the winds at 95 km are directed southward at about 10 m s−1 in the summer of the Northern Hemisphere and northward at about 10 m s−1 in the winter. Nighttime data from −5 to +5 local solar time show a gradual transition of the meridional wind velocity from about −20 to 20 m s−1. These variations correlate well with nighttime wind measurements using 557.7-nm optical airglow observations from the Millstone Hill high-resolution Fábry–Perot interferometer (FPI) in Westford.

The article is devoted to the life and work of Nikolai Vladimirovich Krogius who was an international grandmaster (1964), European champion as part of the team (1965); two-time champion of the RSFSR (1952, 1964); Doctor of Psychological Sciences (1980), Head of the Department of Psychology of SSU (1978–1980), head of the Department of Chess of SCOLIPE (State Central Order of Lenin Institute of Physical Education) (1981–1983), Head of the Chess Department of the USSR State Sports Committee (1981–1989), Vice-President of FIDE (1986–1990). The objective of the article is to reflect on the life and creative work of Nikolai Vladimirovich viewing it as a successful chess game. The article presents several stages: the debut, including his childhood and studies in Saratov, his passion for chess and the first chess victories, studies at the Faculty of Philosophy of LSU; middlegame devoted to teaching in Saratov, serious sports and coaching work, doctoral dissertation defense, responsible management activities in the USSR State Sports Committee and FIDE; endgame including retirement, participation and prizes in the World Chess Championships among veterans, moving to New York, publishing books, articles and memoirs. The article pays special attention to the scientific activity of N. V. Krogius and the issues that are in the focus of his research interest. It shows theoretical and practical significance of his scientific works for the development of social and sports psychology, as well as the psychology of chess, which was founded in Russia by N. V. Krogius.

Eliot Wigginton. Sometimes a Shining Moment: The Foxfire Experience-- Twenty Years in a High School Classroom. Garden City, New York: Anchor Press/ Doubleday, 1985. Pp. xiv, 438. Cloth, $19.95. Review by Philip Reed Rulon of Northern Arizona University. Eugene Kuzirian and Larry Madaras, eds. Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in American History. Vol. I: The Colonial Period to Reconstruction. Guilford , Connecticut: Dushkin Publishing Group, Inc., 1985. Pp. x, 255. Paper, $8.95. Review by Jayme A. Sokolow of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Lois W. Banner. American Beauty. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1983. Pp. ix, 369. Paper, $9.95. Review by Thomas J. Schlereth of the University of Notre Dame. Alan Heimert and Andrew Delbanco, eds. The Puritans in America: A Narrative Anthology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985. Pp. xviii, 438. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Raymond C. Bailey of Northern Virginia Community College. Clarence L. Mohr. On the Threshold of Freedom: Masters and Slaves in Civil War Georgia. Athens and London: The University of Georgia Press, 1986. Pp. xxi, 397. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Charles T. Banner-Haley of the Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-American Studies, University of Rochester. Francis Paul Prucha. The Indians in American Society: From the Revolutionary War to the Present. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. Pp. ix, 127. Cloth, $15.95. Review by Darlene E. Fisher of New Trier Township High School, Winnetka, Il. Barry D. Karl. The Uneasy State: The United States from 1915 to 1945. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1983. Pp. x, 257. Paper, $7.95; Robert D. Marcus and David Burner, eds. America Since 1945. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985. Fourth edition. Pp. viii, 408. Paper, $11.95. Review by David L. Nass of Southwest State University, Mn. Michael P. Sullivan. The Vietnam War: A Study in the Making of American Policy. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1985. Pp. 198. Cloth, $20.00. Review by Joseph L. Arbena of Clemson University. N. Ray Hiner and Joseph M. Hawes, eds. Growing Up In America: Children in Historical Perspective. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1985. Pp. xxv, 310. Cloth, $27.50; Paper, $9.95. Review by Brian Boland of Lockport Central High School, Lockport, IL. Linda A. Pollock. Forgotten Children: Parent-Child Relations from 1500 to 1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Pp. xi, 334. Cloth, $49.50; Paper, $16.95. Review by Samuel E. Dicks of Emporia State University. Yahya Armajani and Thomas M. Ricks. Middle East: Past and Present. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1986. Second edition. Pp. xiv, 466. Cloth, $16.95. Review by Calvin H. Allen, Jr of The School of the Ozarks. Henry C. Boren. The Ancient World: An Historical Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1986. Pp. xx, 407. Paper, $22.95. Review by Arthur Q. Larson of Westmar College (Ret.) Geoffrey Treasure. The Making of Modern Europe, 1648-1780. London and New York: Methuen, 1985. Pp. xvii, 647. Cloth, $35.00; Paper, $16.95. Review by Robert Lindsay of the University of Montana. Alexander Rudhart. Twentieth Century Europe. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1986. Pp. xiv, 462. Paper, $22.95. Review by Linda Frey of the University of Montana. Jonathan Powis. Aristocracy. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1984. Pp. ix, 110. Cloth, $24.95; Paper, $8.95. Review by Robert W. Brown of Pembroke State University. A. J. Youngson. The Prince and the Pretender: A Study in the Writing of History. Dover, New Hampshire: Croom Helm, Ltd., 1985. Pp. 270. Cloth, $29.00. Review Michael J. Salevouris of Webster University.

Abstract Dr Dorothy Klenke Nash (1898-1976) became the first female neurosurgeon in the United States in 1928 and maintained her status as the country's only female neurosurgeon until 1960. She graduated with her medical degree from the Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1927 and then trained at the Neurologic Institute of New York under Dr Byron Stookey. During her training, she contributed to the advancement of neurosurgical practice through academic research. In 1931, she married Charles B. Nash, and together they had 2 children, George (1932) and Dorothy Patricia (1937). Dr Nash became a senior surgeon at St. Margaret's Hospital in Pittsburgh in 1942. Shortly thereafter, she joined the inaugural University of Pittsburgh Department of Neurosurgery led by Dr Stuart N. Rowe and became an instructor of neurosurgery at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. In acknowledgment of her advocacy for public access to services for mental health and cerebral palsy, Dr Nash was recognized as a Distinguished Daughter of Pennsylvania (1953) and honored by Mercy Hospital (1957), Bryn Mawr College (1960), and Columbia University (1968). She retired from neurosurgical practice in 1965, at which time she devoted herself to her grandchildren and her Catholic faith. She died on March 5, 1976 at the age of 77. With unwavering tenacity, Dr Nash paved the way for all women in neurosurgery.

In this essay, Rubén Gaztambide-Fernández reflects on the comments made in a forum convened to reflect on his article “Why the Arts Don't Do Anything: Toward a New Vision for Cultural Production in Education,” published in the Harvard Educational Review (HER)'s special issue entitled Expanding Our Vision for the Arts in Education (Vol. 83, No. 1). Participants in the forum (published in HER Vol. 83, No.3) were John Abodeely, manager of national partnerships, John F. Kennedy Center for the Arts, Washington, DC; Ken Cole, associate director, National Guild for Community Arts Education, New York City; Janna Graham, project curator of the Serpentine Gallery, Centre for Possible Studies, London; Ayanna N. Hudson, director of arts education, National Endowment for the Arts, Washington, DC; and Carmen Mörsch, head of the Research Institute for Art Education, Zurich University of the Arts. In his original essay, Gaztambide-Fernández makes the case that advocacy for arts education is trapped within a “rhetoric of effects” that relies too heavily on causal arguments for the arts, whether construed as instrumental or intrinsic. Gaztambide- Fernández further argues that what counts as “the arts” is based on traditional, Eurocentric, hierarchical notions of aesthetic experience. As an alternative, he suggests a “rhetoric of cultural production” that would focus on the cultural processes and experiences that ensue in particular contexts shaped by practices of symbolic work and creativity. Here the author engages the forum's discussion in an effort to clarify his argument and move the dialogue forward.

Higher Education Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Higher Education Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to hes@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 4 Abdelaziz Mohammed, Albaha University, Saudi Arabia Anna Liduma, University of Latvia, Latvia Arbabisarjou Azizollah, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran Bahar G&uuml;n, İzmir University of Economics, Turkey Barba Patton, University of Houston-Victoria, USA Edward Lehner, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, USA Evrim Ustunluoglu, Izmir University of Economics, Turkey Gerard Hoyne, University of Notre Dame Australia, Australia Gregory S. Ching, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan John Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom John Rafferty, Charles Sturt University, Australia Kartheek R. Balapala, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia Laid Fekih, University of Tlemcen Algeria, Algeria Mehmet Ersoy, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey Meric Ozgeldi, Mersin University, Turkey Michael John Maxel Okoche, Uganda Management Institute, Uganda Mirosław Kowalski, University of Zielona G&oacute;ra, Poland Najia Sabir, Indiana University Bloomington, USA Nancy Maynes, Nipissing University, Schulich School of Education, Canada, Canada Philip Denton, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom Qing Xie, Jiangnan University, China Sahar Ahadi, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Iran Savitri Bevinakoppa, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia Suat Capuk, Adiyaman University, Turkey Teguh Budiharso, Center of Language and Culture Studies, Indonesia Tuija A. Turunen, University of Lapland, Finland Zahra Shahsavar, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran