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Journal articles on the topic 'Pentadecyl Phenol'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Ge, Tiejun, Kaihong Tang, Yang Yu, and Xiapeng Tan. "Preparation and Properties of the 3-pentadecyl-phenol In Situ Modified Foamable Phenolic Resin." Polymers 10, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10101124.

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In this present study, 3-pentadecyl-phenol was selected as a modifier to prepare a foamable phenolic resin with excellent performance, which was successfully prepared by in situ modification. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR) were used to test and characterize the molecular structure of the modified resin. The results showed that 3-pentadecyl-phenol successfully modified the molecular structure of phenolic resin with a reduction in the resin gel time. The effect of changing the added amount of 3-pentadecyl-phenol on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and flame retardancy of the modified foam was investigated. The results showed that when the amount of added 3-pentadecyl-phenol was 15% of the total amount of phenol, this resulted in the best toughness of the modified foam, which could be increased to 300% compared to the bending deflection of the unmodified phenolic foam. The cell structure showed that the modified phenolic foam formed a more regular and dense network structure and the closed cell ratio was high. Furthermore, the compressive strength, bending strength, and limited oxygen index were improved, while the water absorption rate was lowered. However, the foam density could be kept below 40 mg/cm3, which does not affect the load.

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2

Kumar, Kamlesh, Marjon Boonstra, and Katja Loos. "Synthesis of carbon microrings using polymer blends as templates." RSC Advances 5, no. 42 (2015): 33294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra04185f.

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3

Naganagowda, Gadada, Kariska Potgieter, Reinout Meijboom, and Amorn Petsom. "5-Pentadecyl-2-((p-tolylimino)methyl)phenol." Molbank 2013, no. 3 (July 18, 2013): M804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m804.

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4

Parappurath, Akhil, and Jancy Nixon Abraham. "Novel Pentadecyl Phenol-Tagged L-Tryptophan Molecules: Synthesis, Self- Assembly and Liquid Crystalline Properties." ChemistrySelect 3, no. 1 (January 3, 2018): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201702171.

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5

Akerele, O. S., O. M. Buraimoh, I. Humphrey, and M. O. Ilori. "Degradation of polystyrene by tropical bacterial and fungal isolates." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 9 (December 29, 2021): 1721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i9.26.

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Plastic waste is one of the major contributing factors to the growth of municipal solid wastes globally. It is a threat to public health and negatively impact the aquatic and terrestrial animals due to its persistence in the environment. Bacterial and fungal isolates were tested for their ability to degrade polystyrene. The cultures were grown on mineral salts medium supplemented with polystyrene as the sole carbon source in 250 mL conical flasks. The polystyrene reduced from 1 g (week 0) to 0.7g (week 7). Statistical analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) shows a significant difference between the reduction in weight of polystyrene in the experimental flask compared to the control (P<0.05). Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of biodegradation products shows that some toxic polystyrene constituents such as O-xylene, cis-9-hexadecenal and 3-phenol pentadecyl were removed.

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6

Molji, C., S. Renjith, K. B. Jinesh, and J. D. Sudha. "Macroscopically oriented (3-pentadecyl phenol) dangled fluorene based conductive polymer through side chain engineering for microelectronics." Express Polymer Letters 13, no. 12 (2019): 1027–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2019.90.

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7

Rupavani, J. N., V. Vijayalakshmi, B. S. Sitaramam, and N. Krishnamurti. "Synthesis, characterization and end use evaluation of 2-allyl-3(5)-pentadecyl phenol and their acrylic/methacrylic esters." European Polymer Journal 29, no. 6 (June 1993): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(93)90340-l.

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8

Bhavsar, Ghanashyam A., and S. K. Asha. "Pentadecyl Phenol- and Cardanol-Functionalized Fluorescent, Room-Temperature Liquid-Crystalline Perylene Bisimides: Effect of Pendant Chain Unsaturation on Self-Assembly." Chemistry - A European Journal 17, no. 45 (September 28, 2011): 12646–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201101011.

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9

Sudha, J. D., V. L. Reena, and C. Pavithran. "Facile green strategy for micro/nano structured conducting polyaniline-clay nanocomposite via template polymerization using amphiphilic dopant, 3-pentadecyl phenol 4-sulphonic acid." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 45, no. 19 (2007): 2664–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.21273.

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10

Elsanhoty, Rafaat M., Mohamed S. M. Soliman, Yehia A. Khidr, Gamal O. O. Hassan, Ahmed R. A. Hassan, Mohammed Aladhadh, and Asmaa Abdella. "Pharmacological Activities and Characterization of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds in Solenostemma argel Extract." Molecules 27, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 8118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238118.

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Solenostemma argel is a desert medicinal plant indigenous to African countries. This research aims to study the pharmacological properties of Solenostemma argel plant. Aerial parts (leaves and flowers) of Solenostemma argel (Delile) Hayane were tested for antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activity. Phenolic and flavonoid contents of the plant were characterized. There was an increase in the antioxidant activity of Solenostemma argel extract from 12.16% to 94.37% by increasing concentration from10 µg/mL to 1280 µg/mL. The most sensitive organism was S. epidermidis with chloroform extract. The MTT assay revealed that methanolic extracts of Solenostemma argel showed potent cytotoxic effects on the A549, Caco-2, and MDAMB-231 cell lines, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity increased by increasing the concentration of methanolic extract of Solenostemma argel, using indomethacin as a standard. Gallic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid, followed by synergic acid and p-coumaric acid, respectively. Catechin, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol and rutin flavonoids were also found in the methanolic extract. GC-mass analysis showed that aerial parts of Solenostemma argel were rich in 2-(5-methyl-5 vinyl tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-2-propanol (11.63%), hexanoic acid methyl ester (10.93%), 3-dioxolane,4-methyl-2-pentadecyl (9.69%), phenol, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl) (8.50%). It can be concluded that Solenostemma argel methanolic extract contain natural bioactive constituents with potential medicinal importance such as antioxidants, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities.

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11

Yang, Xiao Hui, Zhi Min Wang, Fei Jing, Li Hong Hu, and Yong Hong Zhou. "A Brief Review of Cardanol-Based Surfactants." Applied Mechanics and Materials 483 (December 2013): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.483.83.

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Cardanol, as one of components of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), is a mixture of 3-n-pentadecylphenol, 3-(pentadeca-8-enyl)phenol, 3-(pentadeca-8,11-dienyl)phenol and 3-(pentadeca-8,11,14-trienyl)phenol. It has both the characteristics of phenolic compounds and flexibility of aliphatic compounds. As a versatile industrial raw materials, it has been widely used as modifiers of the phenolic resin, rubber plasticizers, coatings and adhesives etc. Specially, cardanol-based surfactants have been reported using with long-chain alkyl moieties as lipophilic group in recent years. Herein, the application of this natural and renewable material to both academic and industrial research of cardanol-based surfactants will be discussed.

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12

Dube, Mthandazo, Mohamad Saoud, Robert Rennert, Ghislain Wabo Fotso, Kerstin Andrae-Marobela, Peter Imming, Cécile Häberli, Jennifer Keiser, and Norbert Arnold. "Anthelmintic Activity and Cytotoxic Effects of Compounds Isolated from the Fruits of Ozoroa insignis Del. (Anacardiaceae)." Biomolecules 11, no. 12 (December 17, 2021): 1893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11121893.

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Ozoroa insignis Del. is an ethnobotanical plant widely used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including schistosomiasis, tapeworm, and hookworm infections. From the so far not investigated fruits of Ozoroa insignis, the anthelmintic principles could be isolated through bioassay-guided isolation using Caenorhabditis elegans and identified by NMR spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometric studies. Isolated 6-[8(Z)-pentadecenyl] anacardic (1), 6-[10(Z)-heptadecenyl] anacardic acid (2), and 3-[7(Z)-pentadecenyl] phenol (3) were evaluated against the 5 parasitic organisms Schistosoma mansoni (adult and newly transformed schistosomula), Strongyloides ratti, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Necator americanus, and Ancylostoma ceylanicum, which mainly infect humans and other mammals. Compounds 1–3 showed good activity against Schistosoma mansoni, with compound 1 showing the best activity against newly transformed schistosomula with 50% activity at 1µM. The isolated compounds were also evaluated for their cytotoxic properties against PC-3 (human prostate adenocarcinoma) and HT-29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) cell lines, whereby compounds 2 and 3 showed antiproliferative activity in both cancer cell lines, while compound 1 exhibited antiproliferative activity only on PC-3 cells. With an IC50 value of 43.2 µM, compound 3 was found to be the most active of the 3 investigated compounds.

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13

Samantarai, Satyajit, Ahindra Nag, Nitesh Singh, Debabrata Dash, Golok B. Nando, and Narayan Ch Das. "PHYSICO-MECHANICAL AND DYNAMIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF META-PENTADECENYL PHENOL FUNCTIONALIZED ACRYLONITRILE–BUTADIENE RUBBER NANOCLAY COMPOSITES." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 92, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 496–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.19.81486.

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ABSTRACT The physico-mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of meta-pentadecenyl phenol (cardanol) functionalized acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (CGNBR) composites containing sodium montmorillonite clay were determined via studies on the functionalization of NBR by grafting cardanol onto its backbone main chain in the latex stage using benzoyl peroxide as a free radical initiator. Results show an improvement in technical properties for functionalized NBR nanocomposites over the NBR nanocomposite. Air and ASTM 3 oil aging studies at 100 °C confirmed an increase in tensile strength and a decrease in elongation at break for CGNBR compared to the dioctyl phthalate plasticized NBR nanocomposite. Fire and flame retardancy studies showed an increased limiting oxygen index for functionalized NBR over the NBR nanoclay composite. Results delineate the method of preparation and characterization of functionalized NBR and oil plasticized NBR nanoclay composites to achieve an improved oil resistance effect for functionalized NBR over NBR nanocomposite.

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14

Mustapha, Tijjani, Nur Raihana Ithnin, Hidayatulfathi Othman, Zatul-’Iffah Abu Hasan, and Norashiqin Misni. "Bio-Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Citrus aurantifolia Fruit Peel Extract (CAFPE) and the Role of Plant Extract in the Synthesis." Plants 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2023): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12081648.

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The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has been proposed as an eco-friendly and cost-effective substitute for chemical and physical methods. The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles using the peel extract of Citrus aurantifolia fruit, and to determine the possible phytochemical constituents’ presence in the plant extracts that might be responsible for the synthesis. Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extraction was followed by phytochemical studies of secondary metabolites, FTIR analysis confirmation of functional groups, and GC–MS analysis. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized through bio-reduction of silver ions (Ag+) to silver nanoparticles using CAFPE and characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, HR–TEM, FESEM, EDX, XRD, DLS, and FTIR. The presence of plant secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, terpenoids, and steroids was detected. The FTIR analysis of the extract revealed the presence of functional groups like hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, amine, and phenyl, whereas the GC–MS analysis indicated presence of chemical compounds such as 1,2,4-Benzenetricarboxylic acid, Fumaric acid, nonyl pentadecyl, and 4-Methyl-2-trimethylsilyloxy-acetophenone, etc., with similar functional groups. The synthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNP) has displayed the characteristics of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band peak from 360–405 nm. High resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and field emission scan electron microscope (FESEM) confirm polydisperse, spherical shaped, and smooth surface nanoparticles with an average size of 24.023 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis further revealed that silver is the most abundant element found in the micrograph of the nanoparticles, and FTIR analysis further confirmed the presence of different functional groups in the surface of the nanoparticle. The XRD analysis also confirmed that the nanoparticles synthesized are crystalline in nature. Based on the findings of this study, it is understood that the variety of natural compounds that are present in plant extracts of Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel can act as both reducing and stabilizing agents for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. It is, therefore, concluded that Citrus aurantifolia peel extract can be potentially used for the large production of silver nanoparticles for several applications.

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15

Samantarai, Satyajit, Denial Mahata, Ahindra Nag, Golok B. Nando, and Narayan C. Das. "FUNCTIONALIZATION OF ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE RUBBER WITH META-PENTADECENYL PHENOL, A MULTIFUNCTIONAL ADDITIVE AND A RENEWABLE RESOURCE." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 90, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 683–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.17.83728.

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ABSTRACT The present invention deals with the functionalization of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) by chemically grafting meta-pentadecenyl phenol (cardanol) onto the backbone chain. This imparts inherent multifunctional characteristics to the nitrile rubber. The grafting of cardanol onto NBR was accomplished successfully in emulsion stage using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a free radical initiator. The grafted NBR is characterized by ultraviolet–visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. Cardanol grafted NBR (CGNBR) shows an increase in molecular weight (6.6%) with an increase in polydispersity index value. The optimal conditions of grafting are found out to be, “1 phr BPO, 15 phr cardanol, at a reaction temperature of 60 °C and a reaction time 10 h” by using the “Taguchi L9 orthogonal array” method. The grafting efficiency and percentage grafting are calculated to be 79.2% and 7.1%, respectively, at the optimum combination of parameters. The CGNBR shows an increase in molecular weight and reduction in Wallace plasticity number as well as Mooney viscosity, but exhibits a higher plasticity retention index value, as compared to ungrafted NBR. The rheological characteristics of CGNBR exhibit a better flow behavior index than NBR. Differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis results exhibit a decrease in Tg value for grafted NBR. Thermogravimetric analysis results displayed an increase in thermal stability of the functionalized NBR than that of raw NBR.

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16

Suresh, Kattimuttathu I., and Eckhard Bartsch. "Effect of sulfonated 3-pentadecyl phenyl acrylate as surfmer in the emulsion polymerization of styrene: synthesis and polymer properties." Colloid and Polymer Science 291, no. 8 (February 15, 2013): 1843–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-013-2919-8.

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17

Kivekäs, R., J. A. Muñoz, L. Escriche, J. Casabó, and R. Sillanpää. "6-Oxo-6-phenyl-6-phospha-3,9-dithiabicyclo[9.4.0]pentadeca-1(11),12,14-triene." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 53, no. 1 (January 15, 1997): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270196012140.

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18

Pokhodylo, N. T., M. D. Obushak, and V. S. Matiychuk. "Synthesis of 13-phenyl-9,15-dithia-2-azatricyclo-[9.3.1.03,8]pentadeca-1(14),3,5,7-tetraene." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 47, no. 8 (November 2011): 1053–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10593-011-0875-0.

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19

Mohapatra, Sunita, and Golok Bihari Nando. "ANALYSIS OF CARBON BLACK–REINFORCED CARDANOL-MODIFIED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 88, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 289–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.15.85941.

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ABSTRACT Carbon black is advantageous for rubber as a reinforcing filler. Carbon blacks at higher loadings require process aids for easier processing and improved filler dispersion. Aromatic oils have been used so far in the rubber industry as plasticizer and process aids. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in these oils has raised concerns, and they have been banned. Rubber industries are looking for alternate sources of process aids from renewable resources. Cardanol (m-pentadecenyl phenol), an agricultural by-product of the cashew industry, is cheap and abundantly available. It was proved recently to be a plasticizer and a multifunctional additive. The dispersion of carbon black in natural rubber (NR) grafted chemically with cardanol (CGNR) is investigated and compared with that of oil plasticized natural rubber. The physico-mechanical properties of the carbon black–filled CGNR vulcanizates are better than that of the aromatic oil plasticized NR vulcanizates. The cross-link density and bound rubber content are higher and the Payne effect is lower for the carbon black–filled CGNR vulcanizates as compared with oil plasticized NR vulcanizates. Dispersion of carbon black in the CGNR matrix is uniform and better than the aromatic oil plasticized NR.

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20

Mahata, Denial, Onkar Prabhavale, Satyajit Samantarai, Himadri Maity, Ahindra Nag, and Golok B. Nando. "Functionalization of styrene-butadiene rubber with meta-pentadecenyl phenol for better processing: A multifunctional additive and renewable resource." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 134, no. 31 (April 19, 2017): 45150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.45150.

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21

Krátký, Martin, Zsuzsa Baranyai, Šárka Štěpánková, Katarína Svrčková, Markéta Švarcová, Jiřina Stolaříková, Lilla Horváth, Szilvia Bősze, and Jarmila Vinšová. "N-Alkyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]hydrazine-1-carboxamides and Their Analogues: Synthesis and Multitarget Biological Activity." Molecules 25, no. 10 (May 12, 2020): 2268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102268.

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Based on the isosterism concept, we have designed and synthesized homologous N-alkyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]hydrazine-1-carboxamides (from C1 to C18) as potential antimicrobial agents and enzyme inhibitors. They were obtained from 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzohydrazide by three synthetic approaches and characterized by spectral methods. The derivatives were screened for their inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) via Ellman’s method. All the hydrazinecarboxamides revealed a moderate inhibition of both AChE and BuChE, with IC50 values of 27.04–106.75 µM and 58.01–277.48 µM, respectively. Some compounds exhibited lower IC50 for AChE than the clinically used drug rivastigmine. N-Tridecyl/pentadecyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]hydrazine-1-carboxamides were identified as the most potent and selective inhibitors of AChE. For inhibition of BuChE, alkyl chain lengths from C5 to C7 are optimal substituents. Based on molecular docking study, the compounds may work as non-covalent inhibitors that are placed in a close proximity to the active site triad. The compounds were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and nontuberculous mycobacteria (M. avium, M. kansasii). Reflecting these results, we prepared additional analogues of the most active carboxamide (n-hexyl derivative 2f). N-Hexyl-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine (4) exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations within this study (MIC ≥ 62.5 µM), however, this activity is mild. All the compounds avoided cytostatic properties on two eukaryotic cell lines (HepG2, MonoMac6).

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22

Nuraini, Fatia Rizki. "Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Compound Produces by Endophtic Fungi Isolated from Mangifera casturi Kosterm Endemic Plant from South Kalimantan, Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology 28, no. 2 (June 27, 2023): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.71150.

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One of promising bio-prospect as producer of an antibacterial compound is endophytic fungi that live in endemic plants. This research is aimed to evaluate the endophytic fungi antibacterial compound from Mangifera casturi, an South Kalimantan endemic plant that has ethnobotanical utilisation in the pharmaceutical field. The bioactive compounds of 13 endophytic fungi were extracted using ethyl acetate and evaluated for antibacterial activity using disc diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was measured by the serial broth dilution method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to examine cell damage due to the effect of the extract. The antibacterial compounds then were detected using GC-MS analysis. The endophytic fungi were identified morphologically and molecularly based on ITS rDNA sequence. Among 13 isolates, endophytic fungi identified as Botryosphaeria rhodina AK32 able to produce antibacterial compounds that exhibited the highest activity and have a broad spectrum, moreover capable against resistant bacteria (MRSA) with 1.56% of MIC value for all of the test bacteria. AK32 ethyl acetate extract was inhibiting the cell wall synthesis and penetrate the outer membrane of bacteria. Based on GC-MS, antibacterial compounds of AK32 ethyl acetate extract were di-n-octylphthalate, phenol, 2-methyl-, 4-pentadecyne, 15-chloro-, benzeneacetonitrile, and benztriazole.

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23

Astuti, Rimby Puji, Linda Suyati, and Rahmad Nuryanto. "Pirolisis Kulit Biji Jambu Mete (Cashew Nut Shell) dengan Katalis Ag/Zeolit." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 15, no. 3 (December 1, 2012): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.15.3.100-104.

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Tanaman jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L. merupakan salah satu komoditi perkebunan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi cukup tinggi. Kulit biji jambu mete mengandung 50% minyak yang terdiri dari senyawa fenolat berupa 90% asam anakardat dan 10% berupa kardol dan kardanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi katalis Ag/zeolit, melakukan pirolisis kulit jambu mete, mengetahui pengaruh temperatur pirolisis terhadap produk cair pirolisis dan membandingkan produk cair hasil pirolisis yang menggunakan katalis zeolit dan Ag/zeolit. Penelitian dilakukan beberapa tahap yaitu pembuatan katalis Ag/Zeolit dan pirolisis kulit biji jambu mete. Pirolisis dilakukan dengan katalis Ag/zeolit pada temperatur 200, 250, 300, 350, dan 400°C. Karakterisasi katalis menggunakan Surface Area Analyzer, AAS, uji keasaman dan GC-MS untuk produk cair pirolisis. Hasil penelitian diperoleh katalis Ag/zeolit yang mengalami penurunan luas permukaan spesifik sebesar 70,28%, volume total pori sebesar 70,19%. Nilai keasaman katalis Ag/zeolit mengalami kenaikan sebesar 50%, mengandung logam Ag sebesar 0,6326%. Hasil analisis GC-MS produk cair pirolisis pada temperatur 400°C dengan katalis Ag/zeolit diperoleh senyawa 3-octylphenol dengan kelimpahan sebesar 72,28%, dengan katalis zeolit alam teraktivasi dihasilkan senyawa 3-(pentadec-8-enyl)phenol dengan kelimpahan sebesar 77,04%.

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24

KIVEKAES, R., J. A. MUNOZ, L. ESCRICHE, J. CASABO, and R. SILLANPAEAE. "ChemInform Abstract: 6-Oxo-6-phenyl-6-phospha-3,9-dithiabicyclo(9.4.0)pentadeca-1(11),12,14- triene." ChemInform 28, no. 19 (August 4, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199719058.

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25

TADA, Takahiro, Masato NOMURA, Toshiaki SAKAKIYAMA, Yoshihito FUJIHARA, Kenji SHIMOMURA, Koichi IIDA, and Yukihisa YAMABE. "Condensation Reaction of 3- [(8Z) -8-Pentadecenyl] Phenol and 3- [(8Z, 11Z) -8, 11, 14-Pentadecatrienyl] Phenol with Several Indoles and Their Application to Whitening Effects Utility." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 46, no. 8 (1997): 891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1996.46.891.

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26

Wang, Shuting, Lan Cen, and Qihao Wu. "Maleated glycidyl 3-pentadecenyl phenyl ether with styrene: synthesis and application as compatibilizer in SBR/silica composite." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 26, no. 8 (March 23, 2015): 953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.3508.

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27

Benedit BaI, U. Josephin, G. Uma, and G. Immanue. "GC-MS ANALYSIS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF SCOPARIA DULCIS L. LEAVES." Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 13, no. 02 (March 31, 2022): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202213227.

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Scoparia dulcis L. is a plant with various medicinal roles. The present study deals to analyse the phytochemical components in the aqueous extract of S.dulcis leaves through GC-MS. This plant is reported to have medicinal activities such as anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-oxidants etc. The aqueous extract of the leaves was subjected to column chromatography and eluted with chloroform and methanol. The eluted fractions were tested with thin layer chromatography. The GC-MS analysis of fractions indicated the presence of some important compounds like 3-Buten-2-one-4 (2,5,6,6, tetramethyl 2-cyclohexane 1-yl), Tetra cyclo pentadeca-5,12 dien-3 one, Coumarine,3 acetylamino-6-phenyl, 4,5,7,Trihydroxyl isoflavone, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester α-Ketosteric acid, Myricetin, D-astycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate(ester), 1,2,Benzenedicarboxylic acid mono (2-ethylhexyl)ester and lycophene which have known medicinal values similar to the medicinal roles as found in the plant. The result of this study offered a platform of using aqueous extract of S.dulcis leaves as herbal alternative for various diseases.

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Xiao-Lan, Wang, Xue Jie-You, Hu Zhong, Tang Shi-Xiong, and Wang Ru-Ji. "The crystal structure and conformation of 15-phenyl-bicyclo[10.3.0]pentadec-1(12)-en-13-one." Chinese Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 5 (September 1990): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.19900080502.

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Umbreen Rashid, Muhammad Rashid Khan, Jasia Bokhari, Shumaila Jan, and Naseer Ali Shah. "Phytochemical profiling of methanolic extract of Periploca aphylla Decne. using GC-MS analysis." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 1 (October 30, 2022): 417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.1.0965.

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Introduction: Periploca aphylla Decne. (Asclepiadoideae) locally named as “Bata”, is a medicinally important plant. The milky juice of P. aphylla is externally applied to tumors and swellings, for cerebral fever treatment and as stomachic. The flowers are used as vegetables, emetic purposes, expectorant, laxative, diuretic and for wart removal. Objectives: In this study, crude methanolic extract of P. aphylla (whole plant) was investigated for its phytochemical composition using GC-MS analysis. Methodology: THERMO GC-TRACE ULTRA VER: 5.0, THERMO MS DSQ II and Gas chromatograph interfaced to a Mass spectrometer (GC-MS) equipped with a ZB 5-MS CAPILLARY STANDARD NON-POLAR COLUMN (30 m x 0.25 mm ID x 0.25 μm FILM) was used to carry out analysis of extract. The interpretation of mass spectrums was performed utilizing National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) database. Results: Thirty compounds were recognized in P. aphylla methanol extract during GC-MS analysis in which hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (13.65%) was a major component followed by 1,1,6-trimethyl-3-methylene-2-(3,6,9,13 tetramethyl-6-ethenye-10,14-dimethylene-pentadec-4-enyl)cyclohexane (9.41%), 9-Octadecenal, (Z)-(CAS) (8.00%), Pyrrolidine, 1-(6-phenyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-(CAS) (7.50%) and 5 (Dimethylamino)-3-ethoxy-5-isopropyl-1-(4'-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-[2"-(4-"'trifluoromethyl phenyl) ethynyl]-1,3-cyclopentadiene (5.28%). Conclusion: Periploca aphylla is a rich source of chemical compounds having therapeutic potentials which validates its usage for the treatment of different diseases.

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Pokhodylo, N. T., M. D. Obushak, and V. S. Matiychuk. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 13-Phenyl-9,15-dithia-2-azatricyclo [9.3.1.03,8]pentadeca-1(14),3,5,7-tetraene (IV)." ChemInform 43, no. 21 (April 26, 2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201221190.

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Astuti, Rimby Puji, Linda Suyati, and Rahmad Nuryanto. "Pirolisis Kulit Biji Jambu Mete dengan Katalis Ag/Zeolit." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.16.1.6-10.

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Tanaman jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L. merupakan salah satu komoditi perkebunan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi cukup tinggi. Satu bagian dari tanaman jambu mete yang belum banyak dikenal masyarakat adalah kulit bijinya. Kulit biji (shell) mengandung 50% minyak yang terdiri dari senyawa fenolat berupa 90% asam anakardat dan 10% berupa kardol dan kardanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi katalis Ag/zeolit, mengetahui pengaruh temperatur terhadap produk cair pirolisis kulit biji jambu mete dan membandingkan produk cair hasil pirolisis dengan katalis zeolit dan Ag/zeolit. Penelitian dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap yaitu pembuatan katalis Ag/Zeolit dan pirolisis kulit biji jambu mete dengan katalis Ag/Zeolit dan zeolit alam teraktivasi pada temperatur 200°, 250°, 300°, 350° dan 400°C. Karakterisasi katalis menggunakan Surface Area Analyzer, AAS, uji keasaman dan GC-MS untuk produk cair pirolisis. Hasil penelitian diperoleh katalis Ag/zeolit yang mengalami penurunan luas permukaan spesifik sebesar 70,28%, volume total pori sebesar 70,19%. Nilai keasaman katalis Ag/zeolit mengalami kenaikan sebesar 50%, dan mengandung logam Ag sebesar 0,6326%. Hasil analisis GC-MS produk cair pirolisis pada temperatur 400°C dengan katalis Ag/zeolit diperoleh senyawa 3-octylphenol dengan kelimpahan sebesar 72,28%, dengan katalis zeolit alam teraktivasi dihasilkan senyawa 3-(pentadec-8-enyl)phenol dengan kelimpahan sebesar 77,04%.

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Cen, Lan, Guo-zheng Lv, Xin-wen Tan, and Zhan-lin Gong. "Short Nylon Fibers Waste Modified with Glycidyl 3-Pentadecenyl Phenyl Ether to Reinforce Styrene Butadiene Rubber Tread Compounds." Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (February 14, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5847292.

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The utilization of waste fibers represents an important environmental benefit and great economic savings for the community. In this study short nylon fibers waste was modified with Glycidyl 3-Pentadecenyl Phenyl Ether (GPPE) in the presence of Triethylamine/Ammonium persulfate by a simple two-step procedure. The reinforcing effects of modified fibers (MNSF-2) on the vulcanization characteristics, mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and the wear resistant property of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) tread compounds were investigated. The addition of the MNSF-2 resulted in slightly lower minimum torque (ML) and maximum torque (MH), as well as longer cure time (t90) and scorch time (t10) of tread compounds. The deterioration of tensile strength and elongation at break of the tread compound containing short nylon fibers waste (NSF) was apparent. Conversely, the modified fibers showed reinforcing effect on tread compounds. The tensile strength values of compounds increased with MNSF-2 content, passed through a maximum value, and then reduced slightly. The modulus and the tear strength of compounds increased significantly with fiber loadings. The highest tear strength value was observed in 8phr MNSF-2 reinforced SBR compounds, 31.9% higher than that of the gum compound. Meanwhile elongation at break of MNSF-2 compound maintained a relative high value than that of NSF/SBR compound. The addition of NSF exaggerated wear volume of compounds. However, the wear resistance of MNSF-2 compounds was superior to that of NSF compounds and comparable with that of the gum compound. The DMA results reveal that E′ and tan⁡δ values decreased at elevated temperature. Meanwhile enhanced storage modulus in MNSF-2/SBR tread compound can be observed. It is worth highlighting that MNSF-2/SBR compounds show higher tan⁡δ at 0°C, indicating improved wet traction of tread compounds, while tan⁡δ at 60°C maintains almost the same value as that of the gum sample. The results of this study are encouraging, demonstrating that the use of short nylon fibers waste in composites offers promising potential for the green tire application.

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Muñoz, Orlando, Víctor H. Argandoña, and Luis J. Corcuerac. "Chemical Constituents from Shoots of Hordeum vulgare Infested by the Aphid Schizaphis graminum." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 53, no. 9-10 (October 1, 1998): 811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1998-9-1006.

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Stress, pathogens or insects induce profound changes in the expression of the chemical constituents of plants. Some of these changes could be adaptations to the new conditions or the expression of new defensive characteristics. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the effect of aphid infestation on the composition of endogenous compound, in barley leaves. Leaf waxes were obtained by washing with dichloromethane and remaining compounds were extracted with ethyl acetate and ethanol from homogenized leaves. The identification of compounds was done by combined capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Epicuticular compounds detected in barley after 6 days of aphid infestation were as follows (%): (1) 1-docosene (1.98), (2) 1-octadecene (2.07), (3) phytol (0.81). Epicuticular compounds in non-infested plants were (4) isophytol (0.83), (5) N-cyclohexyl-cyclohexanamine, (0.11) (6) 5-pentadecyl-1,3-benzenediol (2.10). In ethyl acetate extracts from infested plants the main compounds were: (1) (2.02), (7) 2,5-diethylpyrazine (0.61), (8) (5E)-eicosene (1.61), (9) (3E)-eicosene (1.93), (10) (9E)-eicosene (1.80). In non-infested plants the only detected compounds were (1) (1.02), (6) (1.91), and (7) (0.43). In methanol extracts from infested plants the following compounds were identified: (6) (2.15), (7) (0.21), (11) 2,2,6.6 tetramethyl- piperidine (0.12), (12) indole (1.01), (13) heptadecane (0.10), (14) methyl-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (0.21), (15) 2,5- dihydroxybenzaldehyde (0.27) and (16) N-phenyl-2-naphthalenamine (0.29). In polar extracts from non-infested plants the most abundant compounds were (4) (1.40), (7) (0.18), (17) (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoic methyl ester (1.01), (18) (9Z,15Z)- octadienoic methyl ester (2.01), and (19) hexadecanoic methyl ester (1.93). Compounds 4, 5 and 7 -1 9 are described for the first time in Hordeum vulgare.

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TANAKA, Satoko, Katsuya KATO, Hiroshi KIMOTO, and Kazuyoshi SEGUCHI. "Crystal Structure of 2-Ethoxy-6,13-dimethoxy-12-methyl-11-phenyl-9,11,13,15-tetraazatetracyclo(7.6.0.01,12.03,8)pentadeca-3,4,6-triene-10,14-dione." Analytical Sciences 15, no. 8 (1999): 817–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.15.817.

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Sudha, J. D., and T. S. Sasikala. "Studies on the formation of self-assembled nano/microstructured polyaniline–clay nanocomposite (PANICN) using 3-pentadecyl phenyl phosphoric acid (PDPPA) as a novel intercalating agent cum dopant." Polymer 48, no. 1 (January 2007): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2006.10.030.

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Komendová-Vlašánková, Renata, and Lumír Sommer. "Separation and Preconcentration of Platinum Group Metals and Gold on Modified Silica and XAD Sorbents in the Presence of Cationic Surfactants for Their Determination by ICP-AES." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 67, no. 4 (2002): 454–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20020454.

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Various modified silica sorbents and unmodified silica were tested for the separation and preconcentration of 10-200 ng cm-3 from 50-1 000 cm3 sample volume of platinum group metals (PGMs), Pt(IV, II), Pd(II), Ir(IV), Rh(III), Os(VI), Ru(IV) and Au(III) in the form of ion associates of their chloro and bromo complexes with cationic surfactants. [1-(Ethoxycarbonyl)pentadecyl]trimethylammonium bromide (Septonex®), benzyl(dodecyl)dimethylammonium bromide (Sterinol®), trimethyl(tetradecyl)ammonium bromide or hexadecyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride and 0.1 M HCl or 0.1 M HBr are suitable for the purpose. 100% recovery for Pd(II), Pt(IV) and Au(III) was obtained with octadecyl silicas Separon™ SGX C18, Separon™ SGX RPS and Phenyl™ silica in the presence of 0.006 M Septonex® or 0.003 M Sterinol®. The retained PGMs and Au(III) were eluted with acetonitrile and determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after evaporation of organic solvent in the presence of 0.1 M HCl. The enrichment factor on Separon™ SGX RPS reaches 100. A 1 000 : 1 excess of Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+ or Al3+ does not interfere with the preconcentration of PGMs and Au(III) on this sorbent. With the silica-based anion exchanger Separon™ SGX AX, the 100% recovery is observed for Ir(IV), Pd(II), Pt(IV) when the elution is performed with 5 M HCl or 5 M HNO3. Macroporous sorbents Amberlite™ XAD2 and Amberlite™ XAD4 are suitable for the retention of Au(III), Pd(II) and Pt(IV) from 0.1 M HCl and 0.006 M Septonex®. 100% recovery is achieved using acetonitrile as eluent but there is no preference of these sorbents to modified silica. In this way, the recovery of 0.1-0.2 μg cm-3 Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(IV) was also successfully tested with spiked matrices of soil extracts, power station dust samples and natural waters.

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SEGUCHI, Kazuyoshi, Satoko TANAKA, and Ai KOBAYASHI. "Crystal Structure of 6-Chloro-2-ethoxy-13-methoxy-12-methyl-11-phenyl-9,11,13,15-tetraazatetracyclo[7.6.0.01,12.03,8]pentadeca-3,5,7-triene-10,14-dione." Analytical Sciences: X-ray Structure Analysis Online 20 (2004): x147—x148. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analscix.20.x147.

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Gong, Zhan-Lin, Lan Cen, Shu-Ting Wang, and Fu-Lin Chen. "Synthesis and characterization of maleated glycidyl 3-pentadecenyl phenyl ether as a functionalized plasticizer for styrene-butadiene rubber/carbon black/silica composites." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 13 (February 11, 2014): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.40462.

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Fuentes, Luís, M. Jesús Lorenzo, Mikhail Galakhov, César Márquez, Avelino Martín, and Pilar Gómez-Sal. "Synthesis, X-ray structure and NMR data of 12-amino-15-phenyl-2,5,8-trioxa-13-azabicyclo[9.2.2]pentadeca-1(14),12- diene-11,14-dicarbonitrile." Chemical Communications, no. 18 (2000): 1775–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b004474l.

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Fuentes, Luis, M. Jesus Lorenzo, Mikhail Galakhov, Avelino Martin, Cesar Marquez, and Pilar Gomez-Sal. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, X-Ray Structure and NMR Data of 12-Amino-15-phenyl-2,5,8-trioxa-13-azabicyclo [9.2.2]pentadeca-1(14),12-diene-11,14-dicarbonitrile." ChemInform 31, no. 51 (December 19, 2000): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200051155.

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Sivanandam, Magudeeswaran, Saravanan Manjula, and Poomani Kumaradhas. "Investigation of activation mechanism and conformational stability of N-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-ethoxybenzamide and N-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-6-pentadecyl-benzamide in the: active site of p300 histone acetyl transferase enzyme by molecular dynamics and binding free energy studies." Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 37, no. 15 (January 13, 2019): 4006–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2018.1533497.

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42

Escriche, Lluis, José Antonio Muñoz, Joan Rosell, Raikko Kivekäs, Reijo Sillanpää, and Jaume Casabó. "Synthesis and Reactivity of Nickel(II) Complexes of the Pyridine-Based Phosphorus-Containing Macrocycle 6-Phenyl-15-aza-6-phospha-3,9- dithiabicyclo[9,3,1]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene." Inorganic Chemistry 37, no. 19 (September 1998): 4807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic9714753.

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Antonio Muñoz, José, Lluis Escriche, Jaume Casabó, Consuelo Pérez-Jiménez, Raikko Kivekäs, and Reijo Sillanpää. "A new pyridine-based phosphorus-containing macrocycle. Crystal structure of [Co(Lox)2][CoCl3(Lox)]2 (Lox=6-phenyl-6-oxo-15-aza-6-phospha-3,9-dithiabicyclo [9,3,1]pentadeca-1 (15), 11, 13-triene)." Inorganica Chimica Acta 257, no. 1 (April 1997): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(96)05464-3.

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Negri, Giuseppina, Caroline Cristina Fernandes Silva, Guilherme Rabelo Coelho, Roberto Manoel do Nascimento, and Ronaldo Zucatelli Mendonça. "Cardanols detected in non-polar propolis extracts from Scaptotrigona aff. postica (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini)." Brazilian Journal of Food Technology 22 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.26518.

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Abstract The propolis produced by stingless bees of the tribe Meliponini is a viscous product that contains the resin collected from buds, leaves and plant exudates, mixed with salivary secretions, wax and soil. The species Scaptotrigona aff. postica (Latreille, 1807), (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae) popularly known as “tubi” in Maranhão State, Brazil, does not mix soil to produce its propolis. The propolis from S. postica harvested in Barra do Corda, Maranhão State, is popularly used in the treatment of wounds and respiratory illnesses. The hydroalcoholic extract of this propolis, rich in flavone-6,8-di-C-glycosides (vicenin-2 and schaftoside), pyrrolizidine alkaloids derived from retronecine, catechin and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives exhibited antiviral activity against the herpes simplex and rubella viruses. The aim of this study was to increase knowledge about the chemical composition of the S. postica propolis by analyzing non-polar extracts obtained using hexane and chloroform as the solvents, by GC-EI-MS. A total of 15 constituents were identified comparing their respective mass spectral data with those available in the NIST data bases and those reported in the literature. The main constituents detected were the phenolic lipids, known as cardanols, 3-(4,7-heptadecadienyl) phenol (5), 3-(10-heptadecenyl) phenol (7), 3-heptadecylphenol (9) and 3-pentadecyl phenol or hydrocardanol (13), which predominated in the hexane extract, while the predominant constituents in the chloroform extract were 3-pentadecyl phenol or hydrocardanol (13) and 3-(8-pentadecenyl) phenol (12). The antioxidant, antitumoral, antifeedant, cytotoxic, anticarcinogenic, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antileishmanial and larvicidal activities of the cardanols have been demonstrated in many studies.

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"Chemical and Medicinal Properties of Spondias Mombim (Linn) Leaf Harvested From the South Eastern Nigeria." Global Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research 10, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjpacr.2013/vol10no1pp.1-22.

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Spondia Mombin Linn is a very important medicinal plant used in the sourth eastern Nigeria for the treatment of various ailment , Initial phytochemical analysis of the leaf revealed the presence of alkaloids 2.2%, flavonoids 1.34%, saponins 3.73%, tannins 2.4%, cardiac glycosides and steroids .The antimicrobial analysis against certain selected human pathogens revealed activities against Staphylococus aureus by a diameter of 35mm, Streptococcus specie 30mm ,Aspergillis niger 18mm and Mucor specie 19mm but could not inhibit the growth of Klebsiella specie and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .GC-MS of the chloroform extract was carried out with SHIMAZU Japan Gas Chromatography 5890-11 with a fused GC column OV 101coated with polymethyl silicon (0.25 mm x 50 m) and Gas chromatography Mass spectrum GC-MS QP 2010 Plus Shimazu Japan, showed that the leaf extract contained 26 compounds: Stigmast-4-en-3-one C29H48O, lupeol C30H50O, tetracontane C29H50O , Heptacosane C44H90, Vitamin E C29H56 , γ-TocopherolC29H50O2, 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol C28H48O2 ,heptacosane C27H46O, Squalene C27H56 ,methyl [2] 5,11,14,17 eicosatetraenoate C30H501,2-Benzene dicarboxylic acid bisoctylester C24H38O4, Phenol-3 pentadecyl C21H36O,Octadecanoic acid C18H36O2,. 9,12-Octadecadienoylchloride[z,z] C18H31ClO. Phytol C20H40O, n-Hexadecanoic acid C16H32O2,3, 7, 11, 15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol C20H40O. 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol C20H40O,.5-Octadecene[E] C18H36, Tetradecanoic acid C14H28O2 , Decane -5,6-bis(2,2-dimethyl propylidene)(E,Z) C20H38,1-Hexadecene C16H32 .Cholestan-3-d-2- methylene(3β,5a)C28H48O, Benzocycloheptatriene C11H10, Benzene- 2-ethenyl-1,3,5-trimethyl C11H14 and Napthalene C10H8 . Most of these compounds have marked anticancer, anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory properties making the plant leaf a potent medicine for the treatment of cancer, tumour, inflammation and cardiovascular disease.

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Ikkala, Olli, and Gerrit ten Brinke. "Towards Monodomains of Self-Organized Comb-Shaped Polymeric Supramolecules." MRS Proceedings 775 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-775-p8.3.

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AbstractWe have previously shown that hierarchical self-organization is achieved upon physically bonding amphiphilic molecules to diblock copolymers. Here we discuss the effect of imposed shear flow to achieve overall alignment of the locally self-organized structures. We will first present shear aligned polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) diblock copolymers (PS-b-P4VP), where pentadecyl phenol (PDP) has been hydrogen bonded to the pyridines. Depending on the selected molecular weights, eg. hexagonal arrangement of PS cylinders in the lamellar matrix of P4VP(PDP) can be obtained with high overall order of both structures. This is a template to obtain discrete PS nanorods, which have P4VP corona once the PDP molecules have been cleaved off by a solvent treatment. Selecting a relatively high molecular weight PS block and a short P4VP block leads to mesoporous materials with emptied cylinders with P4VP brushes at the walls. The glassy state of the PS matrix prevents the pores from collapsing. The pyridine groups of PS-b-P4VP can be protonated using eg. toluene sulphonic acid and the resulting polymeric salt has been complexed using PDP. The weight fractions have been selected so that the polyelectrolyte/amphiphile complex self-organizes into cylindrical domains with hexagonal packing. Shear alignment leads to high overall order. SAXS in combination with structural models suggests that within the cylinders there are parallel self-organized layers. The conductivity is anisotropic. We will also discuss dielectric reflectors based on self-organized block polyelectrolytes consisting PS-b-P4VP where DBSA has been complexed to P4VP. In this case, plasticization due to the oligomeric side chains promotes a facile structure formation at long periodicities in comparison to concepts based on eg. blends of high molecular weight polymers and block copolymers. Finally, plasticized comb-shaped supramolecules based on rigid conjugated poly(p-pyridine) are discussed. Even gentle shearing leads to highly aligned lamellar structures, which show efficient polarized photoluminescence.

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Muñoz-Ramírez, Alejandra, Carolina Mascayano-Collado, Andrés Barriga, Javier Echeverría, and Alejandro Urzúa. "Inhibition of Soybean 15-Lipoxygenase and Human 5-Lipoxygenase by Extracts of Leaves, Stem Bark, Phenols and Catechols Isolated From Lithraea caustica (Anacardiaceae)." Frontiers in Pharmacology 11 (November 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.594257.

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Lithraea caustica (Molina) Hook. and Arn. (Anacardiaceae), common name Litre, is an evergreen endemic plant used in the Mapuche Chilean folk medicine. The stem juice of L. caustica mixed with Rubus ulmifolius (blackberry) is used to treat cough and the infusion of leaves is used in baths to treat joint inflammations. In this study, the activities of 3-n-alk(en)yl-catechols, obtained from the dichloromethane extract of the epicuticular compounds of fresh leaves (DCME), stem bark petroleum ether extract (PEE), fractions of phenols and phenol-acid compounds obtained from the methanolic extract (methanolic extract) of defatted leaves and aqueous infusion (AE) from fresh leaves, were evaluated as in vitro inhibitors of soybean 15-lipoxygenase (15-sLOX) and human 5-lipoxygenase (5-hLOX), one of the inflammation pathways. The 3-n-alk(en)yl-catechols were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance analysis as mixtures of 3-[(10E)-pentadec-10′-en-1-yl]-catechol, 3-[(10Z)-pentadec-10′-en-1-yl]-catechol and 3-n-pentadecylcatechol. In addition, two fractions, obtained from MeOHE, were characterized by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric as complex mixtures of known acids and phenolic compounds. DCME, MeOHE and ethyl acetate extract (AcOEtE) extracts showed inhibition against 15-sLOX, and the AE of fresh leaves, showed the best inhibition against 5-hLOX. The mixture of 3-n-alk(en)yl-catechols showed inhibition of 15-sLOX and 5-hLOX. The compounds 3-[(10Z)-pentadec-10′-en-1-yl]-catechol (IC50 2.09 µM) and 3-n-pentadecylcatechol (IC50 2.74 µM) showed inhibition against 5-hLOX. The inhibition values obtained for the 3-n-alk(en)yl-catechols are in the range of well-known inhibitors of 5-hLOX. Acetylation of the 3-n-alk(en)yl-catechols blocks the inhibitory activity, indicating that the free catechol function is necessary for the enzyme inhibition. In addition, the fractions of phenols and phenol-acid compounds showed inhibitory activity against 15-sLOX and the AE, showed a good inhibition against 5-hLOX. These results would be in agreement with the use of L. caustica, as an anti-inflammatory in Mapuche ethnomedicine.

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Tamboli, A. B., and N. N. Maldar. "Soluble aromatic polyamides containing pendant pentadecyl substituted methoxy phenyl unit." Journal of Polymer Research 26, no. 6 (May 15, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-019-1799-0.

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Campaner, Pietro. "Novel Cycloaliphatic Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Derivatives and their use as Isocyanate Protective Groups." International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering 7, no. 4 (May 31, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.29294/ijase.7.4.2021.1904-1911.

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Cardanol (3-pentadecenyl-phenol), a well-known non-edible natural oil obtained as a by-product of the Cashew Industry, represents a valid alternative to petro-based derivatives, thanks to its peculiar chemical structure. When selected as polymer building block in the synthesis of epoxy curing agents or polyols and diols for polyurethane applications, cardanol can impart unique benefits, like chemical resistance, hydrolytic stability, thermal resistance and balanced mechanical properties. Once used in polyurethane prepolymers, it demonstrates various benefits, including favorable and easily tunable deblocking conditions, lower viscosity of resulting NCO-blocked prepolymers and excellent storage stability in comparison to commonly used phenolic compounds (phenol, nonylphenol, in particular). In this paper, novel cardanol-based fully cycloaliphatic derivatives (e.g. cyclohexanol, oxime, lactam-types) will be presented, investigating their use as innovative isocyanate protective groups with faster reactivity and lower deblocking temperatures than petro-derived benchmarks.

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Eskander, Mohammed Zyarah, Khalid Hassak Abdel Hassan, Ali Alshara, Eman Taher, and Zeinab Ali. "OIL EXTRACTION AND FATTY ACID CHARACTERIZATION OF SWEET PEPPERS SEEDS CAPSICUM ANNUM (L.) BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY(GC-MS) AND ITS USE IN BEEF BURGER PATTIES PRESERVATION." Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences, February 20, 2023, e9520. http://dx.doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.9520.

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Abstract:

The present study was conducted to estimate the physicochemical characteristics, fatty acids, phenolic compositions and antioxidant activity of the extracted sweet pepper seed oil (SPSO) using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The obtained oil yield was 14.7%. Outcomes of the extracted oil revealed the following physical and chemical properties: Iodine number 141.64 mg/100g, saponification number 197.51 mg KOH/g, peroxide number 3.63 meq/ Kg oil, free fatty acid 0.48, refractive index 1.467, specific gravity 0.924 g/cm3 and viscosity 63.24 cp. Applying GC-MS technique, cis-Palmitoleic acid was the predominating fatty acid, followed by Myristic acid and Pentadecylic acid while Heptanoic acid was the lowest one. Additionally, esters of some fatty acids and bioactive chemical compounds such as Phenol, 2,2'- methylene bis [6-(1,1-di methyl ethyl)-4-methyl] were determined. The antioxidant activity of SPSO at different concentrations 0.625, 1.25, and 2.50 % was estimated during the cold storage of beef burgerpatties at 4°C, and results revealed that the highest inhibition of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) root was 74% at a concentration of 20 mg/ml. Whereas, a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in the peroxide value 12.27 mEq/ Kg was observed at 2.5 % SPSO,presenting the highest antioxidant activity through inhibiting the peroxide formation in burger samples by the end of the tenth day of storage at 4Co. In conclusion, SPSO is suggested as a powerful natural food preservative for application in the food industry. because of its bioactive antioxidant components.

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