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Journal articles on the topic 'Pentachloronitrobenzene'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Hu, Xing Lan, Ping Lv, and Yan Guo Wang. "A Mini Review of Transformation and Biosorption of Pentachloronitrobenzene." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.35.

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Pentachloronitrobenzene are applied widely to protect plants from disease, weeds and insect damage, and usually come into contact with soil, where they undergo a variety of transformations that provide a complex pattern of metabolites. This article reviews the most relevant biotransformation methods for Pentachloronitrobenzene and their transformation products. Some recent advances addressed in technologies of Abiotic Degradation for Pentachloronitrobenzene and their residues. We discuss and critically evaluate biotransformation procedures and motabolic pathway of Pentachloronitrobenzene recently. We also consider the advantages and the disadvantages of the various methodologies.

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2

Parvathi, K., K. Venkateswarlu, and A. S. Rao. "Toxicity of soil-applied fungicides and gypsum to the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae in groundnut." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 1673–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-232.

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The effects of four commonly used commercial formulations of contact fungicides (pentachloronitrobenzene, captan, captafol, and mancozeb) and gypsum on the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal development of Glomus mosseae (Nic. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe in groundnut were studied. Drenching the soil with pentachloronitrobenzene or gypsum at the time of seed sowing significantly inhibited the colonization and sporulation by the fungus; the other fungicides were less toxic. Captan, a widely used fungicide, was least inhibitory on development of the fungus. Pentachloronitrobenzene, gypsum, and captafol treatments significantly reduced the plant biomass.

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3

Wang, Y., C. Wang, A. Li, and J. Gao. "Biodegradation of pentachloronitrobenzene byArthrobacter nicotianaeDH19." Letters in Applied Microbiology 61, no. 4 (September 18, 2015): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lam.12476.

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4

Li, Xia, Ping Lv, and Yan Guo Wang. "Determination of Pentachloronitrobenzene in Panax Ginseng by HPLC." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.516.

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The separation and determination of pentachloronitrobenzene powder within 10 min by HPLC with HP hypersil C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm), isocratic mobile phase of 0.05 mL/L disodium hydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile (35:65, v/v) containing 0.3 mL/L triethylamine at pH 6.2 and UV detector at 254 nm are described. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy, quantification limits and extraction yields are calculated for pentachloronitrobenzene at the sametime.

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5

FUSHIWAKI, YUICHI, NORIO TASE, KAZUO KOTODA, and KOHEI URANO. "Biodegradability of Fungicide Pentachloronitrobenzene in Water Environment." Eisei kagaku 37, no. 6 (1991): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.37.529.

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6

Choudhury, H., J. Coleman, F. L. Mink, C. T. De Rosa, and J. F. Stara. "Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pentachloronitrobenzene." Toxicology and Industrial Health 3, no. 1 (January 1987): 5–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378700300102.

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7

Thompson, T. S., R. G. Treble, D. T. Waite, and A. J. Cessna. "Identification of Pentachloronitrobenzene in Ambient Air Extracts." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 58, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900425.

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8

Okutman Tas, Didem, and Spyros G. Pavlostathis. "Microbial Reductive Transformation of Pentachloronitrobenzene under Methanogenic Conditions." Environmental Science & Technology 39, no. 21 (November 2005): 8264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es050407+.

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9

Lièvremont, Didier, Francoise Seigle-Murandi, Jean-Louis Benoit-Guyod, and Régine Steiman. "Biotransformation and biosorption of pentachloronitrobenzene by fungal mycelia." Mycological Research 100, no. 8 (August 1996): 948–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(96)80047-5.

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10

Tas, Didem Okutman, and Spyros G. Pavlostathis. "Occurrence, Toxicity, and Biotransformation of Pentachloronitrobenzene and Chloroanilines." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 44, no. 5 (January 2014): 473–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2012.728809.

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11

Thomas, Lynne H., T. Richard Welberry, Darren J. Goossens, Aidan P. Heerdegen, Matthias J. Gutmann, Simon J. Teat, Peter L. Lee, Chick C. Wilson, and Jacqueline M. Cole. "Disorder in pentachloronitrobenzene, C6Cl5NO2: a diffuse scattering study." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 63, no. 4 (July 17, 2007): 663–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768107024305.

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Monte Carlo computer simulation has been used to interpret and model observed single-crystal diffuse X-ray scattering data for pentachloronitrobenzene, C6Cl5NO2. Each site in the crystal contains a molecule in one of six different basic orientations with equal probability. However, no short-range order amongst these different orientations has been detected. The strong, detailed and very distinctive diffraction patterns can be accounted for almost entirely on the assumption of random occupancy of each molecular site, but with very large local relaxation displacements that tend to increase the neighbouring distances for contacts involving NO2...NO2 and NO2...Cl with a corresponding reduction for those involving Cl...Cl. The results show that the mean NO2...NO2 distance is increased by ∼ 0.6 Å, compared with that given by the average structure determination.

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12

Tan, Zhi-Cheng, Yasuhiro Nakazawa, Kazuya Saito, and Michio Sorai. "Heat Capacity and Glass Transition of Crystalline Pentachloronitrobenzene." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 74, no. 7 (July 2001): 1221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.74.1221.

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13

Zhang, Wang, Jun Huang, Fuyuan Xu, Shubo Deng, Wanpeng Zhu, and Gang Yu. "Mechanochemical destruction of pentachloronitrobenzene with reactive iron powder." Journal of Hazardous Materials 198 (December 2011): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.045.

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14

Steiman, Régine, Jean-Louis Benoit-Guyod, Françoise Seigle-Murandi, and Bartisetiani Muntalif. "Degradation of pentachloronitrobenzene by micromycetes isolated from soil." Science of The Total Environment 123-124 (August 1992): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90155-l.

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15

Li, Ying Ying, and Hong Yang. "Bioaccumulation and degradation of pentachloronitrobenzene in Medicago sativa." Journal of Environmental Management 119 (April 2013): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.02.004.

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16

Okutman Tas, Didem, and Spyros G. Pavlostathis. "Microbial transformation of pentachloronitrobenzene under nitrate reducing conditions." Biodegradation 21, no. 5 (February 4, 2010): 691–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-010-9335-2.

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17

Vujanovic, Vladimir, Chantal Hamel, Suha Jabaji-Hare, and Marc St-Arnaud. "Development of a selective myclobutanil agar (MBA) medium for the isolation of Fusarium species from asparagus fields." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 841–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w02-082.

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A new selective myclobutanil agar medium for the detection of Fusarium species is proposed. Ten media formulations based on various selective agents (pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), Rose Bengal, malachite green, sodium hypochlorite, captan, benomyl, chlorotalonil, myclobutanil, thiram, and cupric sulfate) were compared. First, mycelium growth and colony appearance of Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Epicoccum nigrum,Fusarium sp., Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi, Penicillium sp., and Trichoderma viride isolates were compared. Second, the ability of the different media to isolate and enumerate fusaria from asparagus fields was evaluated. The myclobutanil-based medium showed the highest selectivity to Fusarium spp. growth but required a slightly longer incubation time (>5 d) than peptonepentachloronitrobenzene-based agar (PPA) (< 5 d). PPA allowed a faster fusaria growth but also permited the growth of other moulds. The other media were less selective and did not allow to isolate fusaria or to differenciate them from other growing fungi.Key words: selective medium, myclobutanil, Fusarium, soil, Asparagus.

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18

Li, Ming, Guanghui Xu, Rui Yu, Yang Wang, and Yong Yu. "Bioaccumulation and toxicity of pentachloronitrobenzene to earthworm (Eisenia fetida)." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 174 (June 2019): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.016.

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19

Ibata, Toshikazu, and Xinzhuo Zou. "Nucleophilic substitution of pentachloronitrobenzene with secondary amines under high pressure." High Pressure Research 11, no. 1-3 (January 1993): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08957959208201694.

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20

Arora, Pankaj Kumar, and Hanhong Bae. "Toxicity and Microbial Degradation of Nitrobenzene, Monochloronitrobenzenes, Polynitrobenzenes, and Pentachloronitrobenzene." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/265140.

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Nitrobenzene and its derivatives (NBDs) are highly toxic compounds that have been released into the environment by anthropogenic activities. Many bacteria and fungi have been well-characterized for their ability to degrade NBDs. The biochemical and molecular characterization of the microbial degradation of NBDs has also been studied. In this review, we have summarized the toxicity and degradation profiles of nitrobenzene, monochloronitrobenzenes, polynitrobenzenes, and pentachloronitrobenzene. This review will increase our current understanding of toxicity and microbial degradation of NBDs.

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21

Liévremont, Didier, Françoise Seigle-Murandia, and Jean-Louis Benoit-Guyod. "Effects of culture parameters on pentachloronitrobenzene removal by Sporothrix cyanescens." Chemosphere 32, no. 2 (January 1996): 361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(95)00347-9.

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22

Torres, R. Mora, C. Grosset, and J. Alary. "Liquid chromatographic analysis of pentachloronitrobenzene and its metabolites in soils." Chromatographia 51, no. 9-10 (May 2000): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02490808.

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23

Okutman Tas, Didem, and Spyros G. Pavlostathis. "Effect of Nitrate Reduction on the Microbial Reductive Transformation of Pentachloronitrobenzene." Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 9 (May 2008): 3234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es702261w.

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24

Okutman Tas, Didem, and Spyros G. Pavlostathis. "Temperature and pH Effect on the Microbial Reductive Transformation of Pentachloronitrobenzene." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55, no. 14 (July 2007): 5390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0637675.

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25

Okutman Tas, Didem, and Spyros G. Pavlostathis. "The influence of iron reduction on the reductive biotransformation of pentachloronitrobenzene." European Journal of Soil Biology 43, no. 5-6 (November 2007): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2007.03.003.

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26

Mueller, D. S., G. L. Hartman, and W. L. Pedersen. "Development of Sclerotia and Apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from Infected Soybean Seed and Its Control by Fungicide Seed Treatment." Plant Disease 83, no. 12 (December 1999): 1113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.12.1113.

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Field and laboratory studies were done to evaluate the development of sclerotia and apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from soybeans and its control with fungicide seed treatment. Soybean seed infected with S. sclerotiorum produced mycelia on both seed coats and cotyledons after 48 h on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Obviously infected soybean seed also were placed in aluminum pans containing field soil and placed in soybean fields near Urbana, Illinois and Clinton, Wisconsin. In 1997, a total of 553 sclerotia, 20 stipes, and 10 apothecia were produced from 500 infected seeds. In 1998, 201 sclerotia and 22 stipes were produced, but no apothecia were observed from the 500 infected seeds. Fludioxonil was the most effective fungicide for reducing radial growth of S. sclerotiorum on PDA plates and suppressed 99% of the radial growth at 0.1 μg a.i./ml. S. sclerotiorum was recovered from 2% of soybean seed lots containing infected seed. When this seed lot was treated with several fungicides, captan + pentachloronitrobenzene + thiabendazole and fludioxonil completely inhibited mycelial growth from infected seed; thiram and thiabendazole each reduced recovery of S. sclerotiorum by 90%. In the field, 754 sclerotia and 10 apothecia were produced from 1,000 infected seeds over a two-year period. When evaluating fungicide control in the field, thiram, fludioxonil, and captan + pentachloronitrobenzene + thiabendazole reduced sclerotia formation from infected seed by more than 98%.

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27

LI, Rong, Jin-Wei ZHENG, Bin NI, Kai CHEN, Xiu-Juan YANG, Shun-Peng LI, and Jian-Dong JIANG. "Biodegradation of Pentachloronitrobenzene by Labrys portucalensis pcnb-21 Isolated from Polluted Soil." Pedosphere 21, no. 1 (February 2011): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0160(10)60076-8.

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28

Cairns, Thomas, Emil G. Siegmund, and Fred Krick. "Identification of several new metabolites from pentachloronitrobenzene by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 35, no. 3 (May 1987): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00075a037.

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29

Ribeiro da Silva, Manuel A. V., Ana I. M. C. Lobo Ferreira, Joana I. T. A. Cabral, Ana Filipa L. O. M. Santos, Ana Rita G. Moreno, Tiago L. P. Galvão, Inês M. Rocha, et al. "Experimental and computational thermochemical study of the tri-, tetra-, and pentachloronitrobenzene isomers." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 41, no. 9 (September 2009): 984–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2009.03.014.

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30

Yin, Weizhao, Jinhua Wu, Ping Li, Guanghui Lin, Xiangde Wang, Bin Zhu, and Bo Yang. "Reductive transformation of pentachloronitrobenzene by zero-valent iron and mixed anaerobic culture." Chemical Engineering Journal 210 (November 2012): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.09.003.

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31

Fushiwaki, Yuichi, Norio Tase, Akiyoshi Saeki, and Kohei Urano. "Pollution by the fungicide pentachloronitrobenzene in an intensive farming area in Japan." Science of The Total Environment 92 (March 1990): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90321-k.

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32

Bevacqua, Robert F., and Dawn M. VanLeeuwen. "Planting Date Effects on Stand Establishment and Yield of Chile Pepper." HortScience 38, no. 3 (June 2003): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.38.3.357.

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Chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) yields are highly variable and are strongly influenced by disease and weather. The goal of two field experiments was to evaluate crop management factors, especially planting date, that could contribute to improved and more consistent crop production. Current practice in New Mexico is to direct seed the crop from 13 to 27 Mar. In the first experiment, chile pepper was direct seeded on three planting dates, 13, 20, and 27 Mar. 2000, without or with a fungicide treatment of pentachloronitrobenzene and mefenoxam for the control of damping off. The results indicate planting date had no effect on stand establishment or yield. Fungicide treatment, significantly reduced stand, but had no effect on yield. In the second experiment, chile pepper was direct seeded on six planting dates, 13, 20, 27 Mar. and 3, 10, 17, Apr. 2001, with or without an application of phosphorus fertilizer, P at 29.4 kg·ha-1, banded beneath the seed row. During the growing season, this experimental planting suffered, as did commercial plantings in New Mexico, from high mortality and stunting due to beet curly top virus, a disease transmitted by the beet leafhopper. The results indicate planting date had a significant effect on crop performance. The best stand establishment and highest yield were associated with the earliest planting date, 13 Mar. This date also resulted in the least viral disease damage. Phosphorus fertilizer had no effect on stand establishment or yield. Chemical names used: pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB); (R)-2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-methoxyacetylamino]-propionic acid methyl ester (mefenoxam).

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33

Takagi, Kazuhiro, Akio Iwasaki, Ichiro Kamei, Koji Satsuma, Yuichi Yoshioka, and Naoki Harada. "Aerobic Mineralization of Hexachlorobenzene by Newly Isolated Pentachloronitrobenzene-Degrading Nocardioides sp. Strain PD653." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 13 (May 8, 2009): 4452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02329-08.

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ABSTRACT A novel aerobic pentachloronitrobenzene-degrading bacterium, Nocardioides sp. strain PD653, was isolated from an enrichment culture in a soil-charcoal perfusion system. The bacterium also degraded hexachlorobenzene, a highly recalcitrant environmental pollutant, accompanying the generation of chloride ions. Liberation of 14CO2 from [U-ring-14C]hexachlorobenzene was detected in a culture of the bacterium and indicates that strain PD653 is able to mineralize hexachlorobenzene under aerobic conditions. The metabolic pathway of hexachlorobenzene is initiated by oxidative dechlorination to produce pentachlorophenol. As further intermediate metabolites, tetrachlorohydroquinone and 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone have been detected. Strain PD653 is the first naturally occurring aerobic bacteria capable of mineralizing hexachlorobenzene.

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34

Huang, Jun, Jie Gao, Gang Yu, Norimasa Yamazaki, Shubo Deng, Bin Wang, and Roland Weber. "Unintentional formed PCDDs, PCDFs, and DL-PCBs as impurities in Chinese pentachloronitrobenzene products." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22, no. 19 (August 30, 2014): 14462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3507-2.

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35

FUSHIWAKI, YUICHI, NORIO TASE, KAZUO KOTODA, and KOHEI URANO. "Behaviour of Fungicide Pentachloronitrobenzene and Intermediates in an Intensive Farming Area in Japan." Eisei kagaku 40, no. 1 (1994): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.40.39.

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36

Ramos, Joaquim J. Moura, and Natália T. Correia. "THE HIDDEN β-RELAXATION OF PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE AS STUDIED BY THERMALLY STIMULATED DEPOLARIZATION CURRENTS." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 404, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421400390249817.

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37

ZHANG, Ning, Dong GUO, Ye ZHU, Xiaomi WANG, Lingjia ZHU, Fang LIU, Ying TENG, Peter CHRISTIE, Zhengao LI, and Yongming LUO. "Microbial remediation of a pentachloronitrobenzene-contaminated soil under Panax notoginseng: A field experiment." Pedosphere 30, no. 4 (August 2020): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0160(17)60476-4.

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38

Bauske, E. M. "Effects of Dinitroaniline Herbicides, Carboxin-Pentachloronitrobenzene Seed Treatment, and Rhizoctonia Disease on Soybean." Plant Disease 76, no. 3 (1992): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-76-0236.

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39

Shim, M. Y., J. L. Starr, N. P. Keller, K. E. Woodard, and T. A. Lee. "Distribution of Isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii Tolerant to Pentachloronitrobenzene in Texas Peanut Fields." Plant Disease 82, no. 1 (January 1998): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.1.103.

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The tolerance to pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) of an isolate of Sclerotium rolfsii collected in 1985 was quantified, and a survey of tolerance to PCNB in 377 other isolates of the fungus collected from Texas peanut fields from 1990 through 1994 was conducted. The effective dose (ED)50 of the previously collected PCNB-tolerant isolate was 11.07 μg PCNB/ml and was more than 5-fold greater than the ED50 of PCNB-sensitive isolates. The distribution of tolerance to PCNB among all isolates was slightly skewed, with 18 of the 377 isolates identified as having greater (P ≤ 0.05) tolerance to PCNB than the standard sensitive isolate. No isolate of S. rolfsii collected during the period of 1990 to 1994 had as high an ED50 value as did the 1985 isolate, even among those isolates collected from the same field from which the 1985 isolate was collected. ED50 values of two PCNB-sensitive and five PCNB-tolerant isolates were unchanged after 15 generations on potato dextrose agar amended with 10 μg PCNB/ml or on unamended media. The PCNB-tolerant isolate collected in 1985 was less aggressive than other isolates in greenhouse and microplot tests, but no correlation was observed between ED50 values and disease incidence in these tests for other PCNB-sensitive and tolerant isolates. These data suggest that even though high levels of tolerance to PCNB can be confirmed in some isolates of S. rolfsii, this phenomenon is likely to remain a rare event.

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40

Bustamam, Masdiar, and Hugh D. Sisler. "Effect of pentachloronitrobenzene, pentachloroaniline, and albinism on epidermal penetration by appressoria of Pyricularia." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 28, no. 1 (May 1987): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-3575(87)90110-6.

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41

Li, Ming, Guanghui Xu, Rui Yu, Yang Wang, and Yong Yu. "Uptake and accumulation of pentachloronitrobenzene in pak choi and the human health risk." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 42, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00305-7.

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42

Seigle-Murandi, Françoise, Régine Steiman, Jean-Louis Benoit-Guyod, Bartisetiani Muntalif, and Lucile Sage. "Relationship between the biodegradative capability of soil micromycetes for pentachlorophenol and for pentachloronitrobenzene." Science of The Total Environment 123-124 (August 1992): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90154-k.

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43

Mora Torres, Rocio, Catherine Grosset, Régine Steiman, Josette Alary, and J. Fourier. "Liquid chromatography study of degradation and metabolism of pentachloronitrobenzene by four soil micromycetes." Chemosphere 33, no. 4 (August 1996): 683–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(96)00220-2.

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44

Hakala, J. Alexandra, Yu-Ping Chin, and Eric J. Weber. "Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter and Fe(II) on the Abiotic Reduction of Pentachloronitrobenzene." Environmental Science & Technology 41, no. 21 (November 2007): 7337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es070648c.

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45

Klupinski, Theodore P., Yu-Ping Chin, and Samuel J. Traina. "Abiotic Degradation of Pentachloronitrobenzene by Fe(II): Reactions on Goethite and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles." Environmental Science & Technology 38, no. 16 (August 2004): 4353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es035434j.

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46

Khan, Fazlurrahman, Dhan Prakash, and RK Jain. "Development of an HPLC method for determination of pentachloronitrobenzene, hexachlorobenzene and their possible metabolites." BMC Chemical Biology 11, no. 1 (2011): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6769-11-2.

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47

Kant, Shiva, and R. N. Rai. "Solid–liquid equilibrium and thermochemical studies of organic analogue of metal–nonmetal system: Succinonitrile–pentachloronitrobenzene." Thermochimica Acta 512, no. 1-2 (January 2011): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2010.08.021.

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48

Kuai, Yanrong, Xiaobo Gao, Huixia Yang, Haiyan Luo, Yang Xu, Chenchen Liu, Haiying Yu, et al. "Pentachloronitrobenzene alters progesterone production and primordial follicle recruitment in cultured granulosa cells and rat ovary†." Biology of Reproduction 102, no. 2 (October 16, 2019): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioz195.

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Abstract Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) is an organochlorine fungicide widely used for crop production and has become an environmental concern. Little is known about the effect of PCNB on ovarian steroidogenesis and follicular development. We found that PCNB stimulated Star expression and progesterone production in cultured rat granulosa cells in a dose-dependent manner. PCNB activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK3/1) extracellulat regulated kinase (ERK1/2), thus inhibition of either protein kinase A (PKA) or MAPK3/1 signaling pathway significantly attenuated progesterone biosynthesis caused by PCNB, suggesting that PCNB induced progesterone production by activating the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP/PKA) and MAPK3/1 signaling pathways. Further investigation demonstrated that PCNB induced Star expression and altered MAPK3/1 signaling in ovary tissues of immature SD rats treated with PCNB at the dose of 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg by daily gavage for 7 days, while serum progesterone level was dose-dependently decreased. We demonstrated that PCNB exposure accelerated the recruitment of primordial follicles into the growing follicle pool in ovary tissues, accompanied by increased levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in both ovary tissues and serum. Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time that PCNB stimulated Star expression, altered MAPK3/1 signaling and progesterone production in vivo and in vitro, and accelerated follicular development with a concomitant increase in AMH in ovary tissues and serum. Our findings provide novel insight into the toxicity of PCNB to animal ovary function.

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To-Figueras, Jordi, Jesús Gómez-Catalán, Miquel Rodamilans, and Jacint Corbella. "Studies on sex differences in excretion of sulphur derivatives of hexachlorobenzene and pentachloronitrobenzene by rats." Toxicology Letters 56, no. 1-2 (April 1991): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(91)90093-l.

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Wen, Hsiao-Wei, Ming-Fa Hsieh, Ya-Ting Wang, Hsiao-Ping Chung, Po-Chow Hsieh, I.-Hsin Lin, and Fong-In Chou. "Application of gamma irradiation in ginseng for both photodegradation of pesticide pentachloronitrobenzene and microbial decontamination." Journal of Hazardous Materials 176, no. 1-3 (April 15, 2010): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.025.

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