Journal articles: 'Pensions – Greece'

1

Petmesidou, Maria. "Women, Politics and Pensions: Pension Reform in Greece Between 1975–2002." South European Society and Politics 17, no. 4 (December 2012): 609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2011.613561.

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Zacharakis, Giorgos P., Panagiota Ι. Antonopoulou, Antonios K. Travlos, and George S. Kipreos. "Corruption and Illegal Payments in Greece." Journal of Public Management Research 3, no. 1 (May 9, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpmr.v3i1.11191.

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The phenomenon of corruption is global and extends in many areas of the public sector. However, in Greece it appears to be socially acceptable since in the case of illegal benefits and pensions, the corruption of the public officials takes place with the collaboration of the citizens who receive such pensions and allowances. It should be noted that in Greece the phenomenon has not been fully recorded since the only information available can be derived from the Press due to the publicity that such cases take and because of the large sums of money involved and the great damage they cause to the public sector. The fact is that this phenomenon is an important proof for the social fostering of corruption and that it is motivated by the pursuit of illicit enrichment both by the public officials and the citizens.

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3

Nektarios, Milton. "Public Pensions and Labor Force Participation: The Case of Greece." Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice 32, no. 4 (October 2007): 553–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.gpp.2510144.

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4

Matsaganis, Manos. "The welfare state and the crisis: the case of Greece." Journal of European Social Policy 21, no. 5 (December 2011): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928711418858.

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The paper examines the relationship between the severe economic crisis facing Greece and the country’s social protection system, arguing that this relationship is ambivalent. On one level, the welfare state itself has contributed in a far from trivial way to the fiscal crisis of the state, with its various failures including huge deficits in key programmes such as pensions and health. On a second level, the crisis and the measures to counter it deprive the welfare state of resources, while at the same time setting in motion sweeping changes. On a third level, social protection can help cope with the consequences of the crisis, but enhancing its capacity to do so will require considerable reconfiguration and proper funding of social safety nets. The paper concludes by discussing the prospects for a revival of welfare state building in Greece in the current harsh climate.

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Papadopoulos, Theodoros, and Antonios Roumpakis. "Familistic welfare capitalism in crisis: social reproduction and anti-social policy in Greece." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 29, no. 3 (October 2013): 204–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2013.863736.

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Familistic welfare capitalism is a model of national political economy prevalent in many regions in the world (Southern Europe, Latin America, and Asia), where the family plays a double role as the key provider of welfare and a key agent in the model's socio-economic and political reproduction. The article offers a new approach to the study this model by adopting an expanded concept of social reproduction to capture its historical evolution, using Greece as a case study. Our empirical analysis of austerity measures on employment and pensions demonstrates, how, in the Greek case, a crisis of social reproduction of the traditional form of familistic welfare capitalism was already underway prior to the well-known sovereign-debt crisis. And further we show how the adoption of austerity measures and pro-market reforms is deepening this crisis by severely undermining the key pillars of familial welfare security while rapidly transforming the model into a political economy of generalised insecurity.

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Mavridis, Symeon N., and Savvoula I. Mouratidou. "The Phenomenon of Homelessness during the Greek Economic Crisis 2009-2018." Humanities and Social Science Research 1, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): p23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/hssr.v1n2p23.

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This research focuses on the phenomenon of homelessness in Greece, especially during the deep economic crisis that has lasted from 2009 until this day. Unfortunately, in large part, homelessness also affects welfare policy, as well as social cohesion and healthcare. The significance of the study lies in the fact that there are no official data from governmental institutions concerning the number of homeless people across the country. For this reason, this study attempts to collect all available data in order to present the evolution of the phenomenon of homelessness from 2009 to present. Homelessness is examined in relation to poverty and other factors of deprivation. In addition, countermeasures addressing homelessness, adopted by both public and private organizations, are also examined. Public institutions usually provide small pensions, only for seniors over sixty-seven years old, meal cards, free soup kitchens and several shelters. At the same time, a large number of private organizations, such as NGOs, provide free accommodation, meals, and showers. Unfortunately, the rising number of homeless people during the ongoing socioeconomic crisis and the lack of communication among institutions deteriorate the problem. On these grounds, this research analyzes the phenomenon of homelessness in Greece in order to provide the appropriate solutions for its containment.

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7

Wilkie, A. D. "Notes for a Discussion on the European Single Currency." British Actuarial Journal 3, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 277–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700004979.

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ABSTRACTThis paper forms notes for discussions about the European single currency at the Institute of Actuaries and the Faculty of Actuaries. The author assumes (and hopes) that the single currency will start on time in 1999, with most of the Member States of the European Union included. The key dates are 1 January 1999, when the exchange rates between currencies will become irrevocably locked and become conversion rates, and 2002, when euro notes and coins will be introduced, and the retail banking sector will convert to euros. The advantages of a single currency are potentially very great; the costs are also considerable. Governments of Member States will no longer be able to get a competitive advantage by devaluing their currency, or be able to choose an inflation rate that is different from that of the E.U. as a whole. The key document is the Maastricht Treaty, and the conversion criteria included therein are discussed. The author concludes that, if governments choose to interpret the criteria leniently, all countries, except possibly Greece, will be included in 1999, with Greece joining a year or two later. Some of the practical considerations for actuaries, including life insurance, general insurance, pensions, banking and investment are mentioned. The paper is not comprehensive, and is a personal contribution to stimulate discussion.

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8

Liargovas, Panagiotis, Athanasios Anastasiou, Dimitrios Komninos, and Zacharias Dermatis. "Mapping the Socio-Economic Indicators of Greece from the Implementation of the Monetary Policy and the Tax Administration." Applied Economics and Finance 7, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v7i1.4669.

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The economic crisis that led to a decline in private consumption in the period 2009-2016 is the main factor that has accelerated developments in the country's business map, in the sense that in many cases of business development in Greece there are structural weaknesses revealed by the crisis. This confirms that the country's economic crisis cannot be an alibi for the many problems of the Greek economy.The impact of the economic crisis differs not only between countries where low- and middle-income countries are more affected by developed countries but also within countries. The dramatic decline in wages and pensions has led to a decline in the purchasing power of citizens. The debt crisis, the weakening of demand in the context of addressing the competitiveness of the Greek economy and the significant structural interventions in the labor market, affected supply and demand in the labor market and its participants.The purpose of this paper is to present the social and economic indicators of our country by implementing the policy of the memorandums and the Tax Administration. In particular, a mapping exercise is being undertaken in the period 2009-2016:• The number of starts, change of tax office and business holidays• The business map of our country• Unemployment rates as they have been in our country• The degree of contribution of austerity programs and memorandum policies to addressing unemployment.• The areas and categories of occupations where the highest unemployment rates have occurred.• The role of Tax Administration in addressing these problems.

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9

Symeonidis, Georgios. "Immigrants and Greece: pensions at crossroads: an analysis of the people who claim a part of their pension from the Greek Social Security System and a calculation of the respective liability." Social Cohesion and Development 10, no. 2 (April 18, 2016): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/scad.9977.

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10

O'Donnell, Owen, and Platon Tinios. "The Politics of Pension Reform: Lessons from Public Attitudes in Greece." Political Studies 51, no. 2 (June 2003): 262–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00423.

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While the construction of a rational case for pension reform is often straightforward, the political implementation of such reform can be somewhat more difficult. In large part, this can be attributed to sceptical public opinion. The precise role played by public opinion in constraining the political feasibility of pension reform is, however, unclear. The purpose of this paper is to distil the ways in which public attitudes influence pension reform. This is done through examining survey data from Greece, where progress with the implementation of pension reform has been particularly modest. Political opposition to pension reform appears to be rooted in a general lack of public appreciation of the case for reform combined with the desire to protect interest group privileges. Public ignorance and insecurity breed attitudes not conducive to reform. Public attitudes do not simply act as a given constraint on reform but are a product of the structure of the pension system and the reform process itself. In this path-dependent process, implementation of a reform agenda of rationalisation is more difficult from the starting point of a severely fragmented and distorted system.

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11

정인영, 정창률, and 권혁창. "Forced Pension Reform: The Case of Greece." Health and Social Welfare Review 35, no. 2 (June 2015): 32–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2015.35.2.32.

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12

Matsaganis, Manos. "Union Structures and Pension Outcomes in Greece." British Journal of Industrial Relations 45, no. 3 (September 2007): 537–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2007.00627.x.

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13

Featherstone, Kevin, Georgios Kazamias, and Dimitris Papadimitriou. "The Limits of External Empowerment: EMU, Technocracy and Reform of the Greek Pension System." Political Studies 49, no. 3 (August 2001): 462–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00321.

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This paper seeks to explain an aborted attempt at reform of the Greek pension system, following a series of previous failures. It applies the framework of rational choice institutionalism in order to examine the strategy and setting of the relevant actors. The pension system had become a huge fiscal burden on the state, threatening Greece's position in the European Union. Moreover, its gross inequalities of provision and bureaucratic inefficiency were symptoms of the embedded clientelism and ‘disjointed corporatism’ that stood in the way of the government's self-proclaimed ‘modernization’ programme. In the event, though EMU entry requirements empowered the reform momentum, a combination of the strategic weakness of key actors and the entrenched opposition of sectoral interests dissipated the initiative. The failure suggests the relevance of the wider social setting to reform: in particular, the weakness of the technocratic community and the relative absence of a supportive ‘advocacy coalition’, beyond the dominance of the ‘party state’. Faced with criticism, the political leadership sought to protect their electoral position and postponed pressing decisions. The case study raises important questions about the scope for such reform in Greece and the future stability of the ‘Euro-zone’.

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14

International Monetary Fund. "Greece: Selected Issue--An Overview of Pension Reform." IMF Staff Country Reports 02, no. 58 (2002): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451816167.002.

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15

Matsaganis, Manos. "Yet Another Piece of Pension Reform in Greece." South European Society and Politics 7, no. 3 (September 2002): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13608740708539635.

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16

Vlachantoni, Athina. "Gender and Pension Individualisation: The Case of Greece." South European Society and Politics 15, no. 2 (June 2010): 225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2010.499642.

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17

Duci, Veronika, Elona Dhembo, and Zana Vathi. "Precarious Retirement for Ageing Albanian (Return) Migrants." Südosteuropa 67, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 211–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2019-0015.

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Abstract Return migration and pension benefits are crucial for ageing migrants whose migration project takes a significant turn due to circumstances in the receiving country. A significant number of migrants have recently returned to Albania from Greece due to the financial crisis and are struggling to start a new life. A number of those remaining in Greece wish to retire upon return to Albania, or prefer to remain in Greece if they manage to retire there. Problems arise because of the lack of portability of social security benefits from Greece to Albania. This article looks at the policy and legal frameworks of migration and the national social security system, aiming to identify the existing gaps in the policy and legislative configurations of the two countries. It appears that significant policy inconsistencies and gaps have serious implications for ageing returned migrants and also for those remaining in the host country (Greece), indicating an urgent need to address these difficulties at a transnational policy level.

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18

Tinios, Platon. "Greece: Extreme crisis in a monolithic unreformed pension system." Global Social Policy: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy and Social Development 12, no. 3 (December 2012): 332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018112456766.

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19

Tinios, Platon. "Pension Reform in Greece: ‘Reform by Instalments’ – A Blocked Process." West European Politics 28, no. 2 (March 2005): 402–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402380500060346.

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20

Taşdemir, Aslı Güleç. "Social dialogue and public pension reform in Greece and Turkey." European Journal of Industrial Relations 22, no. 2 (November 5, 2015): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680115612346.

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21

Yoo Hosun. "Pension Reform in Mediterranean European Countries -Focused on Italy and Greece ?-." Journal of Mediterranean Area Studies 16, no. 1 (February 2014): 41–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18218/jmas.2014.16.1.41.

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22

Dewhurst, Elaine, and Dafni Diliagka. "Increasing Pension Ages in Greece and Ireland: A Question of Legitimate Expectations." European Journal of Social Security 16, no. 3 (September 2014): 225–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/138826271401600303.

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23

Vlachantoni, Athina. "Gender and the politics of the 1990–92 pension reforms in Greece." Policy & Politics 35, no. 2 (April 24, 2007): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/030557307780712942.

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24

MATSAGANIS, MANOS. "The Limits of Selectivity as a Recipe for Welfare Reform: The Case of Greece." Journal of Social Policy 34, no. 2 (March 15, 2005): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279404008566.

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Selectivity emerged as the core of a new social policy paradigm in Greece when a new ‘modernising’ government took office in 1996. Though it was adopted energetically, its real impact eventually proved negligible, except for an initial flutter of activity. The article argues that its failure as a recipe for welfare reform was inevitable. The nature of social protection arrangements in Greece severely constrained the scope for selectivity, while the particular version pursued was poorly designed and badly administered. Moreover, the elevation of selectivity to the status of a ‘Big Idea’ was an indirect cause of serious lateral damage: while fruitlessly puzzling over the place of selectivity in the ‘new social policy’, the government was losing the crucial battle on the reform of an unviable and inequitable pension system. The article concludes that selectivity has little relevance to the priorities for reform in a welfare state still struggling to cope with its Bismarckian, south European contradictions.

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25

Hilsen, Anne Inga, and Robert Salomon. "Retirement - Not Necessarily a Farewell to Work Life." SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO, no. 125 (March 2012): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sl2012-125006.

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Due to financial and demographic reasons, many countries are trying to increase the actual retirement age. Pension reforms are taking place in countries such as France, Greece and the UK. Norway has recently introduced a new pension reform from January 1st 2011 to encourage longer work life careers. These reforms may lead to a variety of options on life/work balance choices at the later stages of working life. Based on earlier studies, the article illustrate the identification of a three overlapping phases of good managerial practices and worker responses affecting the employment of older workers by developing an analytical model ("a three phase perspective on senior policies") of organisational orientations towards older workers. This paper focuses on a possible fourth phase at the end of the working career as well as the transition from work to retirement. The fourth phase consists of both an economic and a social link between employer and employee.

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26

Tsesmelis, Yianni. "The Disassembly of the Greek Welfare State under the Troika." ATHENS JOURNAL OF LAW 7, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajl.7-2-5.

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Having broken from half a century of binary political choice between Greece's two established political parties, SYRIZA's rise to power in the 2010s represented an opportunity for the country's welfare state to resist intrusions by European entities and institutions. This paper analyses Greece’s history and political interaction during this period, arguing that Greece has now, in folding to the EU, completed its transition from a relatively liberally-spending welfare state to what Wolfgang Streeck calls a “consolidation state.” Relevant to this analysis is a set of historical details leading up to the SYRIZA election and the 2015 referendum—seen as the high-water mark of opposition to austerity and cuts to the welfare state. In turn, the impact of austerity on the Greek population is quantified and substantiated, demonstrating that austerity measures predominately impacted the welfare state, more often than not resulting in direct reductions to pension and other monetary payments to the citizenry. Finally, these factual conditions are squared with theoretical descriptions and conceptualisations of the welfare state as existing under neoliberalism. Ultimately, what can be drawn from this research is that Europe's institutions are unyielding in their prioritisation of an ordoliberal, single-market ideology over individual Member States’ varying conceptions of locally implemented fiscal policy. Keywords: Austerity; Consolidation state; Neoliberalism; Ordoliberalism; Referendum; Welfare state; SYRIZA

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27

Angelaki, Marina, and Leandro N. Carrera. "Radical Pension Reforms after the Crisis: A Comparative Analysis of Argentina and Greece." Politics & Policy 43, no. 3 (June 2015): 378–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/polp.12117.

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28

Tinios, Platon, and Stavros Poupakis. "Knowledge is Power: Public Attitudes and the Stalling of Pension Reform in Greece." Journal of Population Ageing 6, no. 4 (September 20, 2013): 247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12062-013-9088-x.

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29

Polakowski, Michał. "OLD-AGE PENSION SYSTEMS’ REFORMS IN GERMANY, GREECE AND FRANCE – A SOCIAL CITIZENSHIP PERSPECTIVE." PRACE NAUKOWE UNIWERSYTETU EKONOMICZNEGO WE WROCŁAWIU, no. 510 (2018): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/pn.2018.510.13.

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30

Featherstone, Kevin. "‘Soft’ co-ordination meets ‘hard’ politics: the European Union and pension reform in Greece." Journal of European Public Policy 12, no. 4 (August 2005): 733–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501760500160631.

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31

Alexandrakis, Othon. "Incidental Activism: Graffiti and Political Possibility in Athens, Greece." Cultural Anthropology 31, no. 2 (May 4, 2016): 272–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca31.2.06.

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Based on field research in Athens, Greece, this essay considers graffiti as a mode of political response to the material and symbolic violences of neoliberal governmentality. In 2010, the Greek state declared sovereign debt crisis and began to implement an aggressive austerity program in exchange for economic aid from a troika of international lenders. This resulted in the dismantling of public services, tax increases, salary and pension reductions, layoffs, and, generally, the impoverishment of the middle and lower classes. In this work I consider a crew of three young graffiti writers, both before and during the years of the crisis, as they came to realize a fear of becoming integrated into an economized social mainstream and responded by creating street art intended to bolster critical reasoning among Athenians. I argue that fear of abjection and the experience of being at the social margins served as a stimulus of critical agency, and that the crew’s intervention can be considered indirect activism: a mode of resistance whose critical agents attempt to bring about their ambitions and visions by activating other groups to undertake resistance of their own. I show how my interlocutors made political possibility by creating art that lessened the capacity of neoliberal governmentality to manufacture consent, thereby contributing to a thriving ecology of resistance action in Athens.

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32

TSAROUHAS, DIMITRIS. "POLITICAL DISCOURSE AND PATH SHAPING IN PUBLIC POLICY: COMPARING PENSION REFORMS IN GREECE AND ITALY." Public Administration 90, no. 1 (July 20, 2011): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2011.01951.x.

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33

Symeonidis, Georgios, Platon Tinios, and Panos Xenos. "Enhancing Pension Adequacy While Reducing the Fiscal Budget and Creating Essential Capital for Domestic Investments and Growth: Analysing the Risks and Outcomes in the Case of Greece." Risks 9, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks9010008.

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Many countries around the world are resorting to mandatory funded components in their multi-pillar pension systems with the purpose of catering for the financial pressure from ageing. This paper aims at analysing the possible replacement rates for such a scheme, by choosing different assumptions and setting the best combined area for the expected result. Then, an approach for analysing the potential for the implementation of such a scheme in Greece is presented along with the actuarially projected expected benefit expenditure and respective accrued capital. A result of the introduction of such a component is expected to be the elevated replacement rate at retirement with a concurrent alleviation of the fiscal burden for the state. The projected scale of savings will also provide domestic financing for investments generating growth.

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34

Güleç, Aslı. "The politics of pension reform in Greece and Turkey: International institutions as external determinants of adjustments." Global Social Policy: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy and Social Development 14, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018113514866.

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35

정창률, 정인영, and 권혁창. "A Comparative Study on the Pension Reforms in Southern European countries: Focusing on Italy, Spain and Greece." Social Welfare Policy 42, no. 1 (March 2015): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15855/swp.2015.42.1.161.

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36

Norfield, Tony. "Derivatives and Capitalist Markets: The Speculative Heart of Capital." Historical Materialism 20, no. 1 (2012): 103–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920612x634735.

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AbstractFinancial derivatives have been singled out as the major villain in the latest crisis, particularly through speculative trading by banks. Yet little attention has been paid to the fundamental rôle that derivatives play in modern capitalism. Even less has there been a focus on how the boom in derivatives-trading was prompted by the crisis of profitability and capital-accumulation. This article shows that while derivatives were one means by which speculation took off, the momentum behind this was driven by low profitability. That was why banks turned their mortgage-loans into derivative-driven securities, why pension-funds placed bets on commodity-futures and why countries such as Greece used derivatives to hide the real state of their finances. Derivatives helped determine the form and magnitude of the crisis, but were not its underlying cause. Proposed reforms of the derivatives-market ignore the fundamental determinants of the financial crisis, assuming it to be a failure of regulation.

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37

Vaitekūnas, Stasys. "Human Resources of Lithuania: On the Question of the Fate of the Nation." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 10, no. 10 (January 1, 2008): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-008-0016-4.

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Human Resources of Lithuania: On the Question of the Fate of the Nation The mutual dependence of human resources and the development of the state has been one of the most important geopolitical questions discussed from the times of Ancient Greece. The article analyses the growth of the population and human resources of Lithuania, their change and influence on the state's development, the possible consequences of the decline of the population on international policies and the state's geopolitical situation. Reflecting the changes in the number of inhabitants and their structure five possible scenarios of the state's development in the future are constructed: 1) a small, but economically strong national state; 2) more pensioners than grandchildren; 3) a multinational and multicultural state; 4) the end of the national state (?); 5) a strong economic and cultural state.

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38

Soon-Beng, Chew, and Rosalind Chew. "Union Social Responsibility: A Necessary Public Good in a Globalized World." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 26, Issue 4 (December 1, 2010): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2010027.

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Almost all countries have been adversely affected by the global financial crisis, and almost all countries have resorted to expansionary fiscal policy to boost domestic demand and to contain unemployment. Many countries have also tried to reduce labour costs to contain redundancies. One possible consequence of cutting labour costs is that unions and workers will protest and resist the cost-cutting measures. In addition, labour unions have made demands on their respective governments to reduce the import of goods and foreign workers in order to protect jobs. In the case of Greece, the government is running a huge budget deficit and cannot borrow funds at normal interest rates from the bond markets. The EU insists that Greece should reduce the budget deficit to calm the financial markets. At the same time, Greece is under pressure to reduce fiscal spending during the recession. Since one of the results of cutting public spending is a reduction in benefits for pensioners, public servants, and the public sector, the unions have taken to the streets to protest against the austerity measures. This paper argues that the labour movement should look beyond its self-interest. Labour unions should exhibit union social responsibility (USR) by putting public interest before self-interest. This paper will use the labour movement in Singapore as an example of how a socially responsible labour union can help to save jobs and enable the economy to recover faster. In the fourth quarter of 2008, the Singapore economy registered a 16.4% fall in GDP, but the unemployment rate rose only from 2.5% to 3.3% in the first quarter of 2009. This was to a large extent due to the behaviour of labour unions in Singapore. The theoretical framework for socially responsible labour union action will be presented and examined in the context of the Singapore economy.

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39

Kudryavtseva, Tatyana V. "Lysias’s Speech On the Refusal of a Pension and Athenian Citizens with Disabilities." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, no. 1 (2022): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2022.107.

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The article examines speech XXIV by Athenian orator Lysias “On the Refusal of a Pension” (V–IV c. BCE) This text provides not only an excellent example of a legal speech written by a renowned Attic orator but also invaluable material for the study of social policy of Athenian democracy, namely — adaptation and survival of people with disabilities in the ancient Greek polis. The author of the article agrees with those researchers who have no doubts concerning the authorship of the speech and its intention to be delivered during the litigation on dokimasia of “infirm” people in the Council 500. The article considers the information about the disabled people in Athens and the allowance granted to them, and analyses topoi frequently used by litigants in legal speeches. Similarly to other Athenian trials, the outcome of this is not known, nor is the fate of the disabled person and whether he managed to assert his position. The analysis of the strategies of litigants indicates that appealing to pathos, enhancing the image of a good citizen, and discrediting the opponent in combination with irony, humor, and dramatization of the trial, to a certain extent, often made an impact on judges and resulted in a favorable decision The whole repertoire of these tactics was effectively utilized by the orator in speech XXIV, therefore is reasonable to suggest that the success was almost guaranteed. It is also noteworthy that the Athenian law that granted the allowance to adynatoi was unique for the Ancient Greece and, in all probability, was connected with the development of Athenian democracy.

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40

Koutsogianni, K., F. Asimakopoulou, E. Repa, I. Papadakis, M. Chatziioannou, A. Verikiou, M. Chatzigeorgiou, P. Pratsidou-Gertsi, and I. Chatzikrystallis. "OP0317-PARE THE CONTEMPORARY WORK-RELATED BURDEN OF DISEASE FOR PEOPLE WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES IN GREECE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 193.1–194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1385.

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Background:EULAR recommendations emphasize the importance of suitable working conditions for people with Rheumatic diseases (RD). Thus, opportunities and choices at work need to be increased for people with rheumatic diseases. Conversely, the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the working population and particularly those with chronic conditions, such as those with RD. However, there is still a lack of reliable data.Objectives:To depict contemporary real-life data regarding the work-related burden of disease among Greek patients with RD. To develop a White Paper with proposals to the State in order to facilitate people with rheumatic diseases to rejoin or be retained in the work force.Methods:A 24-item quantitative questionnaire was uploaded in the website and social media of REUMAZEIN to capture patients’ responses in respect to work life. The questionnaire was online accessible for a 45-day period (15/8-30/9/2020).Results:The responses of 503 adult people with RD (M/F/NA 94/408/1), were available for analysis. Their age was stratified in decades (18-20 0.6%,21-30 5.99%, 31-40 22.36%, 41-50 38.92%, 51-60 22.16% and over 60 9.58%); totally, 83.44% were in the “work-reproductive” period. The predominant RD types were RA 30.3%, SLE 22.8%, AS 20.2% and PsA 20.2%, respectively. Nearly 90% were on medication, namely 40% on biologics, 33% on methotrexate (as a monotherapy or combined therapy), 16.2% on steroids. A minority were either on alternative therapies (2.8%) or off medication (7.5%), respectively. Most of the people were still employed (72.9%) on a full-time schedule (57.7%) and 4.8% on a part-time one, due to their RD. The rest of them (27.1%) were out of work either due to RD (17%) or retirement (1.7%) or for unrelated to the RD reasons (8.4%). The main source of financial income was personal work (52.4%), followed by a family member support (31.1%), while 11% had either a state pension (8%) or a subsidy (3.2%). In respect to the daily house-keeping, half of them (59.3%) had a varying difficulty (mild 36.3%, severe 23%) and 0.8% considered themselves as “unable”. The diagnosis was mostly established (81%) prior to the work onset. Post-diagnosis, RD had not affected their working schedule in 47.2%, 17% continued to work with respective adaptations but 30% had quitted or resigned from their work 1-7 years later. RD was notified to the work environment by 85%. As for a compassionate work management, 46% reported no change, 28% an improved policy but 28% a worse one. The development of relative adaptations in the work setting (as chairs, devices, flexible schedule) were considered as favorite factors easing the work by 85%. 17% reported an employer’s knowledge on RD related working legislation, 43% the contrary and another 38.7% wished for a future employer’s awareness. Most of the participants (58.9%) had no personal information on this field but were eager to get it. The uneventful impact of RD on finding or keeping a job was registered by 77.4% and 66.9%, respectively. During COVID, most of the participants (53%) have not asked for an RD-related leave and only 24.2% chose to telework, a policy that raised mutual satisfaction in 19%. Of note, the working conditions have not mainly been altered (67%) after the end of the 1st quarantine.Conclusion:This study highlighted that although RD predominate in females, women are more willing to participate in such projects (F 90%). The financial income was mainly based on a personal or a family member work reimbursement (83%), while 11% depended on a state pension or subsidy. The majority has notified the RD to their work environment (85%) while another 85% considered as favorite factors easing the work, several adaptations in the work setting such as chairs, devices, flexible schedule etc. Interestingly, 60% of the participants were unaware of the beneficial legal work rights and nearly 70% of them believe that RD is an obstacle for employment or working maintenance. COVID has not dramatically impaired their work life although the use of teleworking should be strengthened.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

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KING, RUSSELL, and JULIE VULLNETARI. "Orphan pensioners and migrating grandparents: the impact of mass migration on older people in rural Albania." Ageing and Society 26, no. 5 (August 1, 2006): 783–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x06005125.

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Since 1990, Albania has witnessed rural out-migration on a massive scale, both to other countries, chiefly Italy and Greece, and internally to Tirana and other major towns. The scale of this migration has disrupted the multi-generational rural social and kinship systems that, before 1990, displayed strong and coherent family bonds, and simultaneously accommodated paternalistic state directives and were supported by welfare provision for all members of the population. The sudden political, social and rural dislocations that followed the end of the communist regime have made older people particularly vulnerable: many have been left behind by their emigrant children, creating the phenomenon of socially-isolated ‘elderly orphans’. While the migrants' remittances cushion this social isolation, the loss of children and grandchildren through emigration has undermined older people's self-respect and raison d'être in Albanian family life. This paper, based on fieldwork and interviews in regions of heavy out-migration in northern and southern Albania, examines the human impact of emigration on the older people who have been left behind as well as their coping mechanisms, one being to follow their children abroad to care for the grandchildren, enabling the ‘middle generation’, working-age parents both to engage in paid work.

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Brzoska, Patrick, Odile Sauzet, Yüce Yilmaz-Aslan, Teresia Widera, and Oliver Razum. "Satisfaction with rehabilitative health care services among German and non-German nationals residing in Germany: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e015520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015520.

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ObjectivesRehabilitation following medical conditions is largely offered as in-patient service in Germany. Foreign-national residents use rehabilitative services less often than Germans and attain less favourable treatment outcomes. These differences are independent of demographic, socioeconomic and health characteristics. Satisfaction with different aspects of rehabilitative care presumably affects the effectiveness of rehabilitative services. We compared the degree of satisfaction with different domains of the rehabilitative care process between Germans and non-German nationals residing in Germany.MethodsWe used data from a cross-sectional rehabilitation patient survey annually conducted by the German Statutory Pension Insurance Scheme. The sample comprises 274 513 individuals undergoing medical rehabilitation in 642 hospitals during the years 2007–2011. Participants rated their satisfaction with different domains of rehabilitation on multi-item scales. We dichotomised each scale to low/moderate and high satisfaction. For each domain, a multilevel adjusted logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine differences in the levels of satisfaction between German and non-German nationals. Average marginal effects (AMEs) and 99.5% CI were computed as effect estimates. AMEs represent differences in the probability for the occurrence of the outcome.ResultsTurkish nationals had a higher probability for being less satisfied with most aspects of their rehabilitation, with AMEs ranging between 0.05 (99.5% CI 0.00 to 0.09) for ‘satisfaction with psychological care’ and 0.11 (99.5% CI 0.08 to 0.14) for ‘satisfaction with treatments during rehabilitation’. Patients from former Yugoslavia and from Portugal/Spain/Italy/Greece were as satisfied as Germans with most aspects of their rehabilitation.ConclusionsTurkish nationals are less satisfied with their rehabilitative care than other population groups. This may be attributable to the diversity of the population in terms of its expectations towards rehabilitation. Rehabilitative care institutions need to provide services that are sensitive to the needs of all clients. Diversity management can contribute to this process.

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Fradelos, Evangelos C., Stylianos Boutlas, Eleni Tsimitrea, Alexandra Sistou, Konstantinos Tourlakopoulos, Ioanna V. Papathanasiou, and Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis. "Perceived Symptoms, Mental Health and Quality of Life after Hospitalization in COVID-19 Patients." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050728.

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Patients recovering from novel coronavirus are reporting a variety of symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, myalgia as well as psychological distress and poor quality of life. The aim of this study is to assess quality of life and psychological distress in COVID-19 survivors and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics that affect COVID-19 survivors’ mental health status and quality of life. A quantitative study was conducted among COVID-19 survivors, who had previously been admitted to the University Hospital of Larissa, Greece. Data were collected via a questionnaire consisting of three-parts. The first part consisted of questions about the demographic characteristics. The second part was the SF-36 QoL index. The third part was the Symptom Checklist-90r (SCL 90-R). In addition, clinical information such as the length and the department of hospitalization, days since discharge and pulmonary function (spirometry values) were recorded. From a total of 145 patients, 60% were male, aged 59.72 ± 12.74 and 78.6% of them were married; the majority had completed secondary education, 35.9% were pensioners and 58.6 were living in urban areas. The most frequently reported symptoms were fatigue (67.6%) and pain (44.8%) and 11.7% were experiencing psychological distress. Pain, loss of smell, mandatory education, ICU admission, female gender and the experiencing of skin disturbance are associated with poor physical QoL among COVID-19 recovered patients. Greek COVID-19 previously hospitalized patients were reporting several symptoms associated with COVID-19. Good QoL and mental health were also reported. Physical pain, loss of smell and female gender were associated with poor QoL and psychological distress.

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De Becker, Eleni. "The Constraints of Fundamental Social Rights on EU Economic Monitoring: Collective Complaint No. 76-80/2012, Ika-Etam, Panhellenic Federation of Public Service Pensioners, Isap, Pos-Dei, Ate V. Greece." European Journal of Social Security 17, no. 1 (March 2015): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/138826271501700106.

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Stuckler, D. "Understanding the relationship between alternative pension systems and healthy ageing: cross-national and quasi-natural experimental analyses of 27 EU countries." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.766.

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Abstract How do pension systems contribute to healthy ageing? It is widely speculated that more generous and stable pensions could promote better ageing outcomes, as well as could potentially result in lowered healthcare costs. Yet little is known about how alternative pension regimes shape health and healthcare expenditures in older persons. Here, using multi-level, cross-country data from the European Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE, n = 140,000) covering 27 nations, we test the hypotheses that more generous pensions, as well as systems with defined benefit (which are predictable and more stable) compared with defined contributions, associate with improvements in self-reported health, quality of life, better physical and mental health scores, and lowered healthcare utilization. To do so we report the results of two sets of studies. In the first, we evaluate cross-national longitudinal SHARE integrated with OECD pension generosity and replacement rate data. In the second, we perform a series of quasi-natural experimental studies in Ireland, Germany, and Greece, taking advantage of pension reforms mostly involving budgetary reductions that occurred in the wake of the Great Recessions in Europe. For the proposed workshop we present our results, as well as provide methodological insight into how to perform such integrated epidemiological-economic analysis. We will further discuss the implications for policy and for future research investigating the relations between pension and health systems.

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Lamnisos, D., K. Giannakou, and T. Siligari. "Demographic forecasting of population projection in Greece: A Bayesian probabilistic study." European Journal of Public Health 29, Supplement_4 (November 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.387.

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Abstract Background Demographic aging is an emerging issue in Greece, characterized by low fertility and increased life expectancy. Undoubtedly, demographic aging is a challenge for public health not only due to the financing of public pensions, but also for the increasing utilization of health care. Methods The total fertility rate and life expectancy at birth are projected probabilistically using Bayesian hierarchical models and United Nations population data for Greece from the period of 1950 to 2015. These are then converted to age-specific mortality rates and combined with a cohort component projection model. This yields probabilistic projections of total population by sex and age groups, total fertility rate (TFR), female and male life expectancies at birth and potential support ratio PSR (persons aged 20-64 per person 65+) by the year 2100. Results The total population in Greece in 1950 was around 7.5 million, increasing to 11 million based on the 2011 population census but is projected to decline to 7.5 million at 2100. TFR has followed a strong downward trend with 1.4 children per woman in 2005-2010 and is projected to have a slight increase to 1.6 and 1.8 children per woman for 2050 and 2100 with all values being below the replacement-level fertility. Life expectancy is expected to increase to 84 years for men and 88 years for women in 2050, and 90 years for men and 94 years for women in 2100. PSR is expected to decline dramatically from 3 in 2011 to approximately 1.5 in 2050 and 2100. Conclusions Over the years, Greece has lost its youthful structure and has acquired the characteristics of an aging population, reflecting the population distribution of Western countries. Demographic aging is harmful for the economic growth, the social security system, the social assistance, and it is closely linked to national defense and public health. A long-term multidimensional program is recommended to confront the demographic issue based on the previous international experience. Key messages Total fertility rate will be below replacement level and potential support ratio will decline dramatically. A long-term multidimensional program needs to be developed to address the demographic aging.

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Baraggia, Antonia, and Maria Elena Gennusa. "Social Rights Protection in Europe in Times of Crisis: ‘A Tale of Two Cities’." ICL Journal 11, no. 4 (December 20, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icl-2017-0071.

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AbstractEurope can be considered a sort of fortress of the protection of socio-economic rights. However, this bright scenario has been unsettled by the eruption of the Eurozone crisis, which has challenged the narrative of social Europe and swept away protections for social rights in Member States grappling with sovereign debt crises such as Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Cyprus, Latvia and Romania. In these countries, austerity measures led to persistent violations of social rights, under the external constraint of conditionality regimes which involved cuts in wages, pensions and welfare services. Consequently, austerity measures were challenged in domestic and European Courts and before the ECSR. In other words, there has been a ‘turn to the law’, in order to give concrete effect to the potential offered by the relevant legal instruments. What has been the general attitude of the Courts and quasi-judicial bodies to actions challenging austerity measures? Since the analysis of how the Courts and other human rights bodies manage the complex and controversial balance between austerity and social rights is an excellent ‘stress test’ to determine the ‘weight’ of the latter not only in the political debate, but also in the human rights discourse, this paper will focus on the ‘crisis cases’ in Europe, so as to shed light on the actual level of protection for social rights.

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Jarosław Poteraj, Jarosław Poteraj. "Pension Systems in Europe. Case of Greece." Contemporary Economics 1, no. 3 (July 2, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.o27.

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Laliotis, Ioannis, Mujaheed Shaikh, Charitini Stavropoulou, and Dimitrios Kourouklis. "Retirement and Household Expenditure in Turbulent Times." Journal of Family and Economic Issues, January 12, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10834-022-09884-7.

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AbstractWe examine how expenditure changes at retirement during an institutionally and economically uncertain period when a series of pension reforms and cuts were implemented. Overall, we fail to confirm that consumption declines at retirement using data from Greece (2008–2018). Any estimated declines come from turbulent years when major pension cuts were applied. Expenditure drops at retirement were due to pension income shocks, especially for those who were particularly dependent on pension income. Further checks support the presence of an income shock mechanism for retirees who are relatively more treated during the crisis sub-period. Given an aging population and the ongoing global turbulence, our results offer valuable insights.

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Matsaganis, Manos, and Chrysa Leventi. "Pathways to a Universal Basic Pension in Greece." Basic Income Studies 6, no. 1 (January 5, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1932-0183.1191.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pensions – Greece'

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