Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pensions – Government policy – Germany'
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1
Burger, Csaba. "Occupational pensions in Germany : an economic geography." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:94e64b94-3bf7-4fb6-b8f5-102a472f4be7.
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By the end of the twentieth century, the generous German public pay-as-you-go pension system had been struggling with a serious deficit due to the country’s ageing population. In 2001, the German government enacted the “Riester” pension reform, named after Mr. Walter Riester, the Labour Minister brokering it, which reduced the level of publicly provided pensions, and strengthened the funded occupational and private pillars in order to replace the loss in retirement income. This thesis investigates the role and structure of occupational pensions during the Riester-reform and in its aftermath, using an economic geography perspective. In doing so, it discusses the role of trade unions and employer associations (social partners) in moulding the structure of the occupational system, and investigates the geography of occupational pensions both at employer and at employee level. Empirically, the thesis is based on an in-depth interview with Mr. Walter Riester, and a unique, proprietary data-set of a German occupational pension provider, containing information on 332 thousand employees and over 12 thousand employers. The results show that the internal division of social partners played a critical role in leaving occupational pensions voluntary, but they have been successful in setting standards on the occupational pension market by means of collective bargaining. Employers and employees show systematic spatiotemporal patterns in their pension-related decisions, confirming the importance of local relationships and local contexts in implementing social partners’ measures and in the transformation of the welfare state. It is finally pointed out that the Riester-reform was a part of a gradual transition, which has been reducing employers’ autonomy in order to reinforce the social role of occupational pensions. To achieve that and to catalyse the reform process, employers’ and employees’ risk exposure has been mitigated in the hope that old-age poverty can be avoided.
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Hon, Tsz-lai, and 韓子麗. "An analysis of retirement protection policy in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50255174.
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Cheung, Ching-wan Sharon. "An institutional analysis of legislative politics and policy making in Hong Kong : the case of retirement protection policy /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20716898.
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Hustedt, Thurid, and Jan Tiessen. "Central government coordination in Denmark, Germany and Sweden : an institutional policy perspective." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/813/.
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The paper analyses the processes of central government coordination in Denmark, Germany and Sweden. First it gives an account of the existing coordination patterns, second it analyses changes within these coordination patterns over time and finally it asks, whether these changes can be attributed to an intentional institutional design. To answer this set of questions, we introduce an institutional policy analytic perspective to the study of central government change. This perspective focuses on central actors, interests, strategic motivations and the degree of the actors reflexivity as a promoter of intentional institutional change in government coordination.
The empirical analysis shows the prevalence of negative coordination as the dominant pattern of coordination in all three countries. However, country-specific constitutional and political traditions result in a variety of different coordination techniques actually used. The paper concludes by identifying three different patterns of change, depending on the degree of change and the reflexivity involved : "fragmented institutional politics" in Denmark, "policy-driven institutional politics" in Germany and "adaptive and symbolic institutional politics" in the case of Sweden.
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Cheung, Ching-wan Sharon, and 張靜雲. "An institutional analysis of legislative politics and policy making inHong Kong: the case of retirement protectionpolicy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31220551.
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Lee, Seong Young. "Pension reform in Korea : the role of policy actors in the dynamics of policymaking." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:03b1429e-751a-4f53-90ed-1d8e16bc3d73.
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This study aims to understand the factors and dynamics that influenced a major social policy change. This is undertaken by unravelling the policymaking processes involved in the largest public pension scheme in Korea, the National Pension System (NPS). Changes to the NPS followed a very different direction to other expansionary welfare developments either in Korea or in similar East Asian welfare systems. This research set out to explain how and why this happened. This is examined via a case study approach with a particular focus on the role of policy actors. This provides an analysis of this single policy change across three time periods, which are characterised by different political and economic regimes: authoritarian rule; democratisation in the midst of a financial crisis; and finally a democracy in recovery from the financial crisis. Data was gained from 44 interviews with the actual policymakers and major policy actors involved, and was complemented by extensive archival data. The findings suggest that, first, although authoritarian governments in Korea may pursue social policy to harness economic development in order to legitimise their non-democratic rule, subtle yet crucial policy competition can still exist among key policy actors. Second, democratisation does not necessarily lead to a dominant view favouring welfare system expansion. Third, new major policy actors - strengthened by a democratic, centre-left government - may not always favour an expansive welfare system. The analysis suggests that, despite the emergence of an increased range and number of policy actors as the democracy matured, there was a marked continuity in policy development in the case of the NPS. Key policy actors pursued a reform in line with liberal economic policy that had been the dominant tendency during the authoritarian era. This suggests that the major mechanism contributing to this continuity was the role of a persistent and powerful epistemic policy community, members of which continued to influence policymaking throughout its development. The conclusion points to how incremental changes in the pension system led to the path dependency of the original policy ideas. We suggest that future research could apply a similar analytical approach to understanding change processes in various policy domains and to other East Asian welfare systems.
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Clark, Matthew Franklin. "The Challenges and Opportunities of Immigrant Integration: A Study of Turkish Immigrants in Germany." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/322.
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In an ever-globalizing world, societies comprised of myriad people and cultures are quickly becoming the norm rather than the exception. In societies made up of culturally diverse, religiously pluralistic and disparate people, an added layer of complexity becomes apparent when attempting to integrate multiple cultures into a single society. Germany, in its reconstruction effort following World War II, faced such an integration challenge when a massive influx of Turkish migrants arrived as part of a "foreign worker" agreement. The introduction of a large and culturally diverse immigrant population made cultural understanding of paramount importance. Culture is an intangible element that can be difficult to quantify in political, social, or economic terms. As such, understanding culture and the peaceful coexistence of multiple cultures requires an examination beyond traditional perspectives. The implementation of conflict resolution theories and viewing situations from a conflict resolution perspective enables the extra layer of complexity that can occur within culturally diverse societies to be unpacked and better understood. Specifically, the goal of this thesis was to examine the integration challenges for Turkish immigrants in Germany while at the same time looking for opportunities to learn from the challenges facing societies attempting to implement immigration and integration policies in order to promote the coexistence of multiple cultures. The thesis concludes by offering directives or recommendations, formulated from the findings in this study, for multicultural societies facing integration challenges.
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Cloppenburg, Jürgen. "The regulation of global mobile personal communications by satellite : a comparative analysis of regulations, policy and perspectives in the European Union, in particular Germany, and the United States." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31153.
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This thesis analyses the current regulatory regimes in the European Union---in particular Germany---and the United States governing the authorization of global mobile personal communications by satellite (GMPCS).Current satellite licensing regimes fail to take into account the international character of satellite telecommunications. The reliance on a national public interest standard does not properly address the interests of the community of states, industry and consumers and is not suitable to meet the aspirations of international space law. The international harmonization of frequencies and international standardization are indispensable for the introduction of these new services. The establishment of an international communications regulator with the power to adopt binding decisions if required is the most suitable way to address these problems. However, the development of an international public interest standard with clear policy objectives will be hard to achieve.
With regard to the different aspects of ground segment licensing, a gradual approach is the best way to balance the different interests and concerns in this field. The International Telecommunications Union GMPCS MoU and the development of European regulations show a feasible way to achieve a regulatory regime that facilitates the introduction of these new services. Lighter regulations, possibly the introduction of one stop shopping procedures, mutual recognition of licenses and the introduction of general authorizations are measures that can and should be taken at the international level. The interdependence of earth and space segment licensing may lead to the understanding that some aspects of earth segment licensing should also be regulated at international level.
The question will be whether States, industry and users are able to reconcile their interests and the sometimes opposing trends of international cooperation and international competition for the benefit of "all mankind".
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Li, Tao, and 李濤. "Retirement protection in Hong Kong: a study of the policy-making process 1991-95." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965337.
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Sanford, Gregory J. "El Sistema de Pensiones Español: ¿Puede la Inmigración Prevenir una Crisis Futura?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/49.
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El envejecimiento de la población, una baja tasa de natalidad y la inminente jubilación de la generación “baby-boom” han aumentado preocupación para la estabilidad del sistema de pensiones en España. Según muchos estudios, el sistema de pensiones va a sufrir un déficit en el año 2030. Esta tesis investiga si la inmigración puede ayudar a evitar una futura crisis de pensiones y ofrece otras soluciones que en combinación con la inmigración pueden asegurar la estabilidad del sistema de pensiones en el largo plazo.
Population aging, a low birthrate, and the impending retirement of the Baby Boom generation has increased concern for the stability of the pension system in Spain. According to studies, the pension system will incur a deficit in 2030. This thesis examines to what extent immigration can help avoid a future pension crisis and offers other solutions that, in combination with a favorable immigration policy, can ensure the stability of the pension system in the long run.
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Motadel, David. "Germany's policy towards Islam, 1941-1945." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609302.
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Van, der Heyden Ulrich Klaus Helmut. "GDR development policy with special reference to Africa, c. 1960-1990." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001860.
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This thesis explores the political, economic and theoretical underpinnings of the German Democratic Republic’s (GDR’s) development policies towards the Third World between c.1960 and 1990. Particular attention is paid to Africa. Case studies of assistance to SWAPO and the ANC further focus the attention of the reader on southern Africa in particular. Aspects of both military and civilian aid are considered, including both development initiatives overseas in Africa, and development training for Africans within the GDR itself. Since German “reunification”, the GDR’s history has been explored largely from a West German perspective. The present work attempts to provide a more balanced view of successes and shortcomings of the GDR’s policies towards, and interaction with, African countries and liberation movements. It also aims to bring to the attention of English-speaking readers German archival sources, other primary sources and published works which they would otherwise have been unlikely to encounter. From its formation, the GDR made strenuous efforts to develop relations with countries which were either free from colonial dependency or were struggling for freedom. Over the course of thirty years, it followed a number of different approaches, and developed diverse objectives. These were shaped in the wider context of the cold war, the Hallstein doctrine (which established that the FRG – and, in effect, its allies - would not establish or maintain diplomatic relations with any state that recognised the GDR), the relationships between the GDR and partner socialist states, and the economic difficulties faced by the GDR. Arising from this complex situation, from time to time, both internally in the GDR and in terms of its foreign affairs, tensions and discrepancies arose between theoretical objectives and political and economic reality. Despite these severe constraints, during the period under review, the volume and range of the GDR’s relationships with developing countries increased dramatically. For example, between 1970 and 1987, the number of developing countries with which the GDR had foreign economic relations on the basis of international agreements grew from 23 to 64. Viewed within its economic context, the state was arguably far more committed to development aid than the Federal Republic of Germany. In addition, there is a great deal of evidence that “solidarity” with developing nations and the oppressed enjoyed a considerable degree of popular support.
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Osterday, Elyse Rene. "Government Policy and Total Fertility Rates: An Analysis of Germany in Stage Five of the Demographic Transition Model." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1383228026.
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Eule, Tobias Georg. "Inside immigration law : decision-making and migration management in German immigration offices." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610093.
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Nuyken, Mark E. "Between domestic constraints and multilateral obligations : the reform of the Bundeswehr in the context of a normalised German foreign and security policy." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/6511.
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This thesis seeks to understand the developments in Germany’s foreign and security policy since the end of the Cold War. Primarily, this thesis will centre on the question of whether Germany can now, after being re-unified for more than 20 years, be considered a normal actor in international relations. Although this subject has been debated extensively, the effects a possible change in foreign policy behaviour has on related fields of policy, have largely been left aside. This thesis therefore sets out to understand if there has in fact been a change in Germany’s foreign and security policy and will then apply the findings on the institution most affected by this change, i.e. Germany’s armed forces the Bundeswehr. It will therefore firstly discuss the perceived changes in German foreign policy since 1990 by analysing the academic debate on the process of normalisation and continuation. It will be argued that Germany has in fact become more normal and abandoned the constrained foreign policy of the Cold-War-era. The Bundeswehr will therefore have to be reformed accordingly to accommodate the new tasks set out by the changed foreign policy – most importantly peacekeeping and peace-enforcing out-of-area missions. This thesis will therefore analyse the reform efforts made over the last 20 years and apply them to the Bundeswehr’s large deployments in Kosovo and Afghanistan to determine how effective the reforms have been. Finally, this thesis will be able to contribute to the discussion on Germany’s status of a normal player in international relations with the added perspective from the Bundeswehr’s point of view.
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Bell, P. "The British Government and the menace from Germany and Japan : A study of the first Defence Requirements Enquiry, 1933-1934." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234823.
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Vonyó, Tamás. "Post-war reconstruction and the economic miracle : the dynamics of West German economic growth during the 1950s and 1960s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669982.
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Adshead, Maura Louise. "Developing European regions? : a comparative examination of sub-national government and regional policy change in Objective One areas of Germany, Ireland and Britain." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366302.
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Thompson, Jay Arthur. "Greater flexibility, greater growth : a comparative study of labor and capitalist models in Japan, Germany, and the United States." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002217.
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Kgatla, Itumeleng Peter. "Social security and retirement reforms in South Africa : prospects and challenges." Thesis, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1114.
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Thesis (LLM. (Development and Management Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013This mini-dissertation discusses South African social security and retirement reforms that will be used as guidelines towards promulgation of the new Pension Funds Act which will incorporate both private and public pensions. These proposals have been highlighted in the Retirement Reform Discussion Paper issued by National Treasury in 2004 and the Social Security and Retirement Reform paper, issued by both National Treasury and Department of Social Development, 2007. Further, the recent discussion papers entitled ‘Strengthening Retirement Savings and a Safer Financial Sector to Serve South Africa Better’ published in 2011 and 2012 respectively have strengthened social security and retirement reforms debate in South Africa. This mini-dissertation will incorporate both social security and retirement reforms.
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Fehmel, Thilo. "Staatshandeln zwischen betrieblicher Beschäftigungssicherung und Tarifautonomie." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-208318.
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In demokratischen politischen Systemen haben staatliche Akteure darauf zu achten, die legitimatorische und die ökonomische Basis ihres Handelns stabil und miteinander vereinbar zu halten. Dieses Interesse des politischen Systems an sich selbst wird damit zur Grundlage all seiner Steuerungsbemühungen. Aufgrund der strukturellen Abhängigkeit des Staates von einer funktionsfähigen Ökonomie ist staatlichen Akteuren auch an der Steuerung der industriellen Beziehungen gelegen – zumindest dann, wenn sie in Rezessionsphasen das Handeln der Tarifverbände als dysfunktional bewerten. Unmittelbarer staatlicher Intervention und Steuerung steht aber das grundgesetzlich verankerte Konstrukt der Tarifautonomie entgegen. Das bedeutet jedoch nicht, dass dem Staat alle Steuerungsmöglichkeiten genommen sind. Am Beispiel der staatlichen Forcierung betrieblicher Bündnisse für Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass der Staat über den Umweg der indirekten, diskursiven Steuerung in der Lage ist, gesellschaftliche Akteure zur Selbststeuerung anzuregen. Im Ergebnis lässt sich eine Transformation der Strukturen der industriellen Beziehungen beobachten, die zu einem wesentlichen Teil nicht von den Tarifverbänden, sondern vom Staat ausgehtIn political systems that are liberal and democratic state actors must keep the legitimating and economic basis of their actions stable and compatible with each other. This interest of political systems in themselves becomes the basis of all their intervention policies. Due to the structural dependency of the state from a functioning economy state actors also attempt to regulate industrial relations; at least during periods of recession in which free collective bargaining is regarded as dysfunctional. Direct state intervention and regulation are restricted by the right of free collective bargaining, which is guaranteed by the German constitutional law. Notwithstanding this does not mean that the state has lost all its possibilities of regulation and control. The example of the state’s demand, and to a certain extent enforcement, of internal alliances for jobs shows that the state is very well in the position to stimulate collective actors to self-regulation. This stimulation takes place through a discursive, indirect intervention. As a result of these shifts and changes a structural transformation of industrial relations takes place, which, to a great extent, is not initiated by employers’ and employee’s associations, but by the state
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Ochs, Kimberly. "Educational policy borrowing and its implications for reform and innovation : a study with specific reference to the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670201.
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Mai, Dan T. "Sustaining family life in rural China : reinterpreting filial piety in migrant Chinese families." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8e679650-a857-4f3c-a5c1-770a1bff848e.
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This study explores the changing nature of filial piety in contemporary society in rural China. With the economic, social and political upheavals that followed the Revolution, can 'great peace under heaven' still be found for the rural Chinese family as in the traditional Confucian proverb,"make yourself useful, look after your family, look after your country, and all is peaceful under heaven"? This study explores this question, in terms not so much of financial prosperity, but of non-tangible cultural values of filial piety, changing familial and gender roles, and economic migration. In particular, it examines how macro level changes in economic, social and demographic policies have affected family life in rural China. The primary policies examined were collectivisation, the hukou registration system, marketization, and the One-Child policy. Ethnographic interviews reveal how migration has affected rural family structures beyond the usual quantifiable economic measures. Using the village of Meijia, Sichuan province, as a paradigmatic sample of family, where members have moved to work in the cities, leaving their children behind with the grandparents, the study demonstrates how migration and modernization are reshaping familial roles, changing filial expectations, reshuffling notions of care-taking, and transforming traditional views on the value of daughters and daughters-in-law. The study concludes that the choices families make around migration, child-rearing and elder-care cannot be fully explained by either an income diversification model or a survival model, but rather through notions of filial piety. Yet the concept of filial piety itself is changing, particularly in relation to gender and perceptions about the worth of daughters and the mother/ daughter-in-law relationship. Understanding these new family dynamics will be important for both policy planners and economic analysts.
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STAMATI, Furio. "The politics of a broken promise : risk shifting reforms in Bismarckian pension policies." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/34817.
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Defence date: 21 January 2015Examining Board: Professor Sven Steinmo, EUI (Supervisor); Professor Alexander H. Trechsel, EUI; Professor David Natali, University of Bologna; Professor Kent Weaver, Georgetown University.
This thesis deals with a broken promise: namely, a broken pension promise. Looking at Italy and Germany in particular, it tells a story that is fairly common to retirement systems across the OECD. Over the last forty years, pension institutions have been facing major economic and demographic challenges. This 'affordability crisis' has slowly eroded the confidence of large segments of the population in the old pension contract, while paving the way for the anti-welfare rhetoric and initiatives of more than a conservative policy entrepreneur. Cost containment reforms took root and clamped down on pension spending and, what is more, on public responsibility for individual welfare after quiescence. As a result, pension income is lower and riskier now than was expected when today's pensioners entered the labour market. Most notably, it will be even more meagre and uncertain for tomorrow's retirees. By comparing the Italian and German reform patterns, this thesis suggests that answering the puzzle requires focusing on two sets of interrelated transformations: the prominence of so-called 'systemic risks' and the changing ways of political representation. Risks hereby defined as 'systemic'first emerged in Western political economies in the 1970s, only to turn into a recurring malaise during the following decades (Streeck 2011). Unlike the risks central to the post-war welfare state model, they far outreach the individual level, being borne by the community or by society as a whole. Furthermore, those risks proved somehow resilient to traditional means of public intervention and management. Systemic risks, in sum, have originated a distinctive combination of functional and political effects, ultimately providing a functional as well as a political rationale to risk shifting reforms. Again, since the 1970s political representation has also changed. On the one side, the traditional mass party model has been replaced by new organisational forms, while new parties and party families have emerged, activating novel issues and cleavages. On the other side, industrial representation in the corporate arena changed as well, becoming less organised all over the industrialised world. Systemic risks, then, have further influenced transformations in both the electoral and the corporate arenas, further eroding the political consensus for expanding social responsibility and socialising risks. It was, in other words, the co-evolution of problems and politics (to put it in Kingdon's terms) to lead popular and strongly institutionalised pension systems to challenge the basic tenets of their pension promises, although this common story played out very differently across different countries as a result of the action of national institutional filters (policy legacies and the functioning of the electoral and corporate arenas).
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TRIANTAFILLOU, Polyxeni. "The politics of pension reform in Greece in comparative perspective." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5410.
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Defence date: 28 November 2005Examining board: Prof. Martin Rhodes (European University Institute, Florence) ; Prof. Manos Matsaganis (Athens University of Economics and Business) ; Prof. Colin Crouch (European University Institute, Florence) ; Prof. Maurizio Ferrera (Università degli Studi di Milano, Università L. Bocconi, Milan)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Shen, Hsuan-Jui, and 沈軒睿. "The policy of Government positions to Chin-Jin pensions over-developed." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93422807534201789870.
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碩士中華大學
營建管理研究所
92
In recent years, the pensions in Chin-Jin wanted toward into the force management and making money. Not to conform to the laws of the pension’s regulations that not in force management. Caused serious problems during the rules of the pensions ask for legal. And the pensions over-developed also caused a lot of problems that damaged the environment. The research analysis the laws of pension, and investigate the situation of the Chin-Jin, to know using the laws of pension still can’t control the resource of the pensions over-developed and caused what kind of problems caused form pensions over-developed. Finally, the research using government position to solve the problems that pensions of developed apply for the government. The research suggest two levels suggestion as following： One： Specific classification pensions buildings with illegal architecture and conclude fine. Two：Add actual manger’s bouns or fine in laws. Three：The laws of pension must after the local government, actually analysis how actual building scale to fine the manger. Before central government anthorize the Nan-ton government.
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MAESTRI, G. Ezio. "Arena parlamentare e regolazione politica in Italia : Il caso della politica pensionistica - L'impatto dei conflitti redistributivi sul processo di produzione legislativa (1948-1983)." Doctoral thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5298.
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Defence date: 26 June 1987Examining board: Prof. Jean Blondel ; Prof. Maurizio Cotta ; Prof. Gosta Esping-Andersen ; Prof. Peter Flora ; Prof. Massimo Paci
First made available online: 14 September 2015
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Barnsley, Paula Elizabeth. "Understanding economic inequality for women in Canada's retirement income system: reform, restructuring and beyond." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8888.
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Gendered poverty among the elderly is a statistical fact. Previous studies have identified
inequitable treatment of women and insufficient income for unattached elderly women among the
most serious shortcomings of the retirement income system. Despite pension reform over the past
decade, the gender gap has widened for elderly Canadians whose incomes fall below the poverty
line. This thesis seeks to understand the relationship between the laws that govern Canada's
retirement income system and the over-representation of elderly women among Canada's poor,
and to explore why the retirement income system continues to deliver benefits in a manner that,
though expressed in gender neutral language, is systemically unfair to women.
The benefits of Canada's retirement income system may be accessed through workforce
participation and, in a more limited way, through a spousal relationship. Familial ideology is used
as the theoretical framework to examine the role of the laws that govern access to benefits in
reinforcing and perpetuating assumptions about women that undermine their economic autonomy.
This examination reveals that gendered economic inequality is embedded within Canada's
retirement income system because it accepts the social and economic construction implicit in
familial ideology of women as economically subordinate to, and dependent upon, men. The
relationship between gender inequality and the two modes of delivery of retirement income
benefits, during retirement as pension benefits and prior to retirement as tax subsidies that
enhance taxpayers' opportunities to accumulate retirement savings, is also explored. A tax
expenditure analysis exposes the bias against the economically disadvantaged (mostly women)
inherent in delivering benefits as tax subsidies. Additionally, familial, public/private and
restructuring
ideologies are used as methodological tools to interrogate the reform process which,
although ignoring gender issues, paradoxically deepened and compounded the systemic
inequalities for women that existed prior to reform.
The thesis concludes by offering suggestions for developing a progressive agenda for
advancing gender equality within the retirement income system. The limitations of legal action
as a strategy for implementing this type of agenda are discussed, and political action is designated
as the most promising strategy for achieving progressive reform.
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RADL, Jonas. "Retirement timing and social stratification : a comparative study of labor market exit and age norms in Western Europe." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14714.
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Awarded the 2011 'Research Prize of the German Pension Insurance Agency' (Berlin, 8 December 2011).Defence date: 11 September 2010
Examining Board: Martin Kohli (EUI) (Supervisor), Fabrizio Bernardi (EUI) (Co-Supervisor), Hans-Peter Blossfeld (Otto Friedrich University, Bamberg), Bernhard Ebbinghaus (University of Mannheim)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The goal of this dissertation is to enhance our understanding of the micro and macro level determinants of retirement timing in contemporary Western Europe. This objective is pursued by means of a statistical analysis of large-scale comparable survey data. In short, three points of emphasis characterize this study in comparison with previous research on the topic: 1) the focus on social stratification in terms of gender and class differentials; 2) the central attention paid to social norms of aging; and 3) the joint consideration of individual and country level mechanisms in explaining retirement timing. The review of the previous literature in the second chapter demonstrates that the currently available theoretical approaches by themselves are inappropriate for explaining social variability in retirement timing. Building on the life course paradigm and social class theory, I consequently outline a novel analytical framework for the study of differential retirement behavior. It can be characterized as a choice-within-constraints approach (chapter 3), which essentially focuses on differences between older workers in age norms and late-career opportunity structures, paying special attention on class and gender disparities. In the fourth chapter, I gather empirical evidence on international and individual differences in retirement age norms in Western Europe on the basis of data from the European Social Survey (ESS). Subsequently, I turn to examining actual retirement behavior in the fifth chapter. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) a series of event-history models is used to scrutinize the determining factors of retirement timing at the country and individual level variation. In chapters 6 and 7, two case studies on Germany and Spain examine the impact of pension legislation on social stratification in retirement in a detailed manner. The two country studies are based on ad-hoc module on the transition from work into retirement, which has been implemented in the respective national labor force surveys (Encuesta de la Población Activa (EPA) and Mikrozensus) of 2006.
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ACKERMANN, Ute. "Geheimrezept oder chemische Reaktion? Die westdeutsche chemische Industrie (1950-1964): Firmen, Produkte und Märkte." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5701.
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"China's pension reform, its impact on household savings, and interaction with financial market." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891171.
Full textAbstract:
Li Wei.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-84).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
English Abstract --- p.ii
Chinese Abstract --- p.vii
Acknowledgements --- p.vi
Table of Contents --- p.vii
List of Graphs and Tables --- p.ix
Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 2: --- Literature Review
Chapter 2.1 --- Social Security and Savings --- p.3
Chapter 2.2 --- Pension Funds and Financial Markets --- p.10
Chapter 2.3 --- China's Pension Reform --- p.14
Chapter Chapter 3: --- China's Pension Reform
Chapter 3.1 --- The Evolution of Pension System --- p.18
Chapter 3.2 --- The Background for Current Reform --- p.21
Chapter 3.3 --- The New Pension System --- p.27
Chapter 3.4 --- Key Issues for Future Reform --- p.31
Chapter Chapter 4: --- The Impact of Pension Reform on Private Savings in China
Chapter 4.1 --- The Theory --- p.36
Chapter 4.2 --- The Model --- p.40
Chapter 4.3 --- Data and Methodology --- p.45
Chapter 4.4 --- Empirical Results --- p.49
Chapter Chapter 5: --- The Interaction between Pension Reform and Financial Marketin China
Chapter 5.1 --- The Effects of A Funded Pension System on Financial Market --- p.53
Chapter 5.2 --- Pension Reform and Financial Market in China --- p.59
Chapter Chapter 6: --- Experiences of Chile and Singapore and the Implications for China
Chapter 6.1 --- The Pension Reform in Chile --- p.69
Chapter 6.2 --- The Central Provident Funds in Singapore --- p.70
Chapter 6.3 --- The Implications for China --- p.71
Chapter Chapter 7: --- Conclusion --- p.76
Bibliography --- p.79
Data Appendix --- p.85
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FISCHER, Peter. "Die Anfänge der Atompolitik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Spannungsfeld von Kontrolle, Kooperation und Konkurrenz (1949-1955)." Doctoral thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5775.
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Examining board: Prof. Dr. A.S. Milward, London (Doktorvater) ; Prof. Dr. R.T. Griffiths, Florenz ; Prof. Dr. P. Guillen, Grenoble ; Prof. Dr. P. Hertner, Florenz ; Prof. Dr. J. Radkau, BielefeldDefence date: 17 November 1989
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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LESSMANN, Sabine. "Electoral politics as determinants of policy outputs : an empirical investigation of the West German case." Doctoral thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5270.
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Wilson, Kweku N. "The underlying differences in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions control and renewable energy : three European countries approaches to policy." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29843.
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NAUMANN, Ingela. "Childcare politics in the West German and Swedish welfare states from the 1950s to the 1970s." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6348.
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Defence date: 2 October 2006Examining board: Prof. Klaus Eder (Humboldt-University, Berlin) ; Prof. Birgit Pfau-Effinger (University Hamburg) ; Prof. Bo Stråth (European University Institute) ; Prof. Colin Crouch (The University of Warwick)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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HUBER, Michael. "Das regulative Netzwerk Risiko und regulative Politik im bundesdeutschen Kernenergiekonflikt." Doctoral thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5154.
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Defence date: 16 May 1991Examining board: Klaus Eder (EUI, supervisor) ; Prof. Christian Joerges (EUI/Univ. Bremen) ; Prof. Giandomenico Majone (EUI, supervisor) ; Prof. Helga Nowotny (Univ. Vienna) ; Prof. Wolfgang van den Daele (Free University, Berlin)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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BAUER, Michael W. "The transformation of the European Commission : a study of supranational management capacity in EU structural funds implementation in Germany." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5201.
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Defence date: 23 October 2000Examining Board: Adrienne Héritier, MPP-RdG, Bonn (supervisor) ; Jacques Ziller, EUI ; Michael Keating, EUI ; Les Metcalfe, EIPA, Maastricht
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
How can we approach the Commission's role as co-manager of policy implementation? Why should we expect the Commission to be pulled into domestic policy execution and to accumulate something like an implementation management capacity? How should we conceptualise the Commission's linkage with post-decision management issues? Finally, how does the Commission's involvement in the application of EU policies, if any, significantly change everything? Such questions are answered in this study, which is concerned with what may be called the implementation management capacity of the European Commission. Simply put, this is the role the Commission plays in the implementation of large-scale European spending programmes. While it is true that the Commission's predominant prerogatives are to draft legislation and facilitate bargaining, it also has a role in post-decision policy management. This role is of increasing importance for the emerging governance of the European Union.
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Whisnant, Clayton John 1971. "Hamburg's gay scene in the era of family politics, 1945-1969." 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/10877.
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SCHOELLER, Magnus G. "Explaining political leadership : the role of Germany and the EU institutions in Eurozone crisis management." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/43705.
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Defence date: 17 October 2016Examining Board: Professor Adrienne Héritier, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; Professor Ulrich Krotz, European University Institute / RSCAS (Co-Supervisor) ; Professor Amy Verdun, University of Victoria ; Professor Lucia Quaglia, University of York
Why and how do composite actors such as states or international institutions emerge as political leaders? Moreover, once in charge, how do they influence policy or institutional change? What are the conditions for successful leadership? These questions become particularly relevant in times of crisis. However, there is no political science theory that explains the emergence and the impact of leadership when exercised by composite actors. In the context of the Eurozone crisis, we observe that neither Germany, which is the actor most frequently called upon to assume leadership, nor any of the EU’s institutional actors have emerged as leader under all circumstances. Instead, we find three different outcomes: no leadership, failed leadership, and successful leadership. This thesis develops a theoretical model to explain this variation and to address the stated gap in the literature. Building on rational-institutionalist assumptions, it argues that leaders can help a group to enhance collective action when there are no, or only incomplete, institutional rules to do so. Thus, especially in times of crisis, leaders can act as drivers of policy or institutional change. However, they emerge only if the expected benefits of leading exceed the costs of it, and if the potential followers suffer high status quo costs. A leader’s impact on the outcomes, by contrast, depends on its power resources, the distribution of preferences, and the institutional constraint. The model is applied to Germany’s role in the first financial assistance to Greece, the proposal to establish a so-called ‘super-commissioner’, and the shaping of the Fiscal Compact. Moreover, the attitude of the European Commission and the European Parliament towards the issue of Eurobonds as well as the European Central Bank’s launch of the Outright Monetary Transactions are analysed on the basis of congruence tests and rigorous process-tracing. These within-case analyses are complemented by a cross-case comparison in order to enhance the external validity of the results. The analysis draws on 35 semi-structured élite interviews conducted at the German Ministry of Finance, the European Central Bank, the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Parliament, and two Permanent Representations in Brussels.
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Indongo, Albinus Atugalikana. "An analysis of the impact of taxation and government expenditure components on income distribution in Nambia." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26033.
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This research analyses the statistical relationship between income distribution and seven taxation and government expenditure components in Namibia using data from 1996-2016. The research is aimed at creating new knowledge on the research topic because no literature exists for Namibia. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration technique was employed to assess the long-run relationship between the dependent and independent variables in Eviews. The research findings indicated that there is no long-run relationship between the dependent variable and independent variables. In the short-run, the research findings indicate that government expenditure on social pensions and government expenditure on education have a balancing effect on income distribution, while tax on products, corporate income tax and customs and excise duties have an unbalancing and/or worsening effect on income distribution. Based on these findings, tertiary education loans are recommended as opposed to grants to ensure sustainability of Namibia Students Financial Assistance Fund (NASFAF). In adjusting corporate and value added taxes, the government is cautioned to avoid overburdening consumers and employees through tax shifting in the form of high prices of goods and services and low wages and benefits. A tax mix, tax discrimination and a hybrid of taxation and government expenditure components are strongly recommended to achieve a balance.Economics
M. Com. (Economics)
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Mashile, Khutso. "The laws regulating the establishment and functions of the office of the pension funds adjudicator." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2014.
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Thesis (LLM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017This dissertation deals with the inception of the office of the Pension Fund Adjudicator in South Africa with comparison with the United Kingdom and Australia. The challenges faced by the office of the Pension Fund Adjudicator are one element that advised the composition of this dissertation. South Africa is a well developing country that carries well developed laws, including, the laws that deals with the pension fund complaints and this dissertation shall analyse and unpack those laws and principles that deals with the pension fund complaints.
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Kufčák, Jakub. "Bezpečnostně-politická dimenze kontroly exportu zbraní na příkladu vlád H. Kohla a G. Schrödera v letech 1989-2005." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-333263.
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This thesis addressed the arms export control in the Federal Republic of Germany during the tenure of chancellor Helmut Kohl and Gerhard Schröder between 1989 and 2005. To this end this thesis elaborated an analytical framework, which analyses this phenomenon thought government arms export policy. Due to lack of preceding research in this area it was necessary to devote significant space for conceptual definition of the arms export policy and contextualization of analytical framework. It was argued that arms export policy of the Federal Republic of Germany should be analyzed as a passive sub-category within security policy. Analytical framework employed to analyze the period between 1989 and 2005 thus reflected four factors or standpoints that exert influence on arms export policy (foreign pressures, security policy, European coordination and legislative and institutional framework). This thesis designed as disciplined interpretive case study posited two hypothesis based on concepts that have been partially applied to arms export phenomenon in different context and time period. First hypothesis concerns the nature of change of arms exports control, which was supposed to change between periods restriction and relaxation of export control. Second hypothesis postulates the nature of change of arms exports...
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Lee, Nam-Eun. "Europäisierung deutscher Migrationspolitik." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F0A7-6.
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Kroner, Sabine. "Migration und Migrationspolitik im Zuge des Transformationsprozesses seit 1989 – am Beispiel Polen." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-9608-2.
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In der politikwissenschaftlichen Transformationsforschung ist Polen ein beliebtes Auswahlland in vergleichenden Untersuchungen oder Einzelfallstudien. Sehr viel seltener wird es Gegenstand von Migrationsstudien. Das liegt darin begründet, dass die polnische Migrationsforschung noch relativ am Beginn steht, die Quellen- und Datenlage zu Migrationsbewegungen und zur Migrationspolitik noch nicht sehr umfassend ist und das Thema „Einwanderung und Asyl“ in Polen, wie auch in anderen mittel- und osteuropäischen Ländern (MOE), erst seit wenigen Jahren in der Öffentlichkeit diskutiert wird. In der Transformationsforschung sind demgegenüber Wanderungsbewegungen bislang nur von untergeordneter Bedeutung. Die Forschung richtet sich überwiegend auf die Institutionen, Akteure und Akteurinnen von politischen Systemen sowie die Zivilgesellschaft. Eingewanderte werden in aller Regel nicht dazu gezählt, und das Feld der Migrationspolitik wird nicht zur Kenntnis genommen. In der Europaforschung werden die Auswirkungen des Integrationsprozesses auf den Handlungs- und Entscheidungsspielraum von Akteuren und Akteurinnen – auch in der Migrationspolitik – sowie auf Organe der politischen Systeme der EU-Mitglieder ebenso intensiv untersucht wie die Folgen des Beitritts zum Acqui Communautaire für Beitrittsstaaten. Ein Desiderat der Forschung ist nach wie vor, die Auswirkungen der europäischen Integration auf die Politik und das politische System von Transformationsländern zu analysieren. Mit der Studie „Migration und Migrationspolitik im Zuge des Transformationsprozesses seit 1989 – am Beispiel Polen“ liegt eine Untersuchung vor, die erstmals verschiedene Stränge aus der Migrations-, Transformations- und Europaforschung zusammenführt. Es wird gefragt, ob sich in Polen nach dem Zusammenbruch des staatssozialistischen Systems ein eigenständiges Migrationssystem und eine eigenständige Migrationspolitik entwickeln konnten, oder ob der Beitrittsprozess und dann der Beitritt zur EU im Jahr 2004 die Entwicklung des Migrationssystems maßgeblich beeinflusst haben. Die Auswahl Polens als Untersuchungsland ist gut begründet. Denn Polen grenzt an die Ukraine und Weißrussland, von denen Wanderungsbewegungen ausgehen oder die Transitländer für Migranten und Migrantinnen aus Russland einschließlich Tschetschenien, dem Kaukasus oder der MENA-Region und Süd- und Südostasien sind. Polen steht zudem vor dem Problem, die EU-Außengrenzen nach Dublin II absichern zu müssen.
Die Studie rekonstruiert die Entwicklung des polnischen Migrationssystems für den Zeitraum von 1989 bis 2007 mit Hilfe einer Inhaltsanalyse von Dokumenten nationaler und internationaler Institutionen, beispielsweise der polnischen Regierung, der EU-Kommission, des UNHCR sowie von insgesamt 34 Interviews mit Experten und Expertinnen, durch die sowohl Betriebs- als auch Erfahrungswissen über den Aufbau des Migrationssystems erfasst wurden. Es wurden Expertinnen und Experten interviewt, die in Ministerien, Gewerkschaften, NGO’s oder an Universitäten arbeiten und direkt in den Prozess eingebunden waren oder als Organisation von diesem betroffen sind. Die Ergebnisse aus diesem empirischen Material wurden trianguliert. Sie waren dann auch Grundlage für das Phasenmodell zur Entwicklung der Migrationspolitik und ihrer Institutionen, das im vierten Kapitel aufgezeigt wird.
Der Schwerpunkt der Studie liegt in der rechtspolitischen und strukturpolitischen Rekonstruktion, die dann kontextualisiert wird: in das Migrationsgeschehen, den Transformationsprozess und den europäischen Integrationsprozess. Im Fazit wird die Bedeutung der staatlichen Organe, des Transformationsprozesses, der EU als Akteurin, der innen- und außenpolitischen Interessen Polens sowie der Erfahrungen mit Migrationsprozessen gegeneinander ab gewogen. Mit der vorliegenden Studie ist eine Grundlage für weiterführende Migrationsforschung gelegt.
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Fehmel, Thilo. "Staatshandeln zwischen betrieblicher Beschäftigungssicherung und Tarifautonomie: die adaptive Transformation der industriellen Beziehungen durch den Staat." 2006. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14908.
Full textAbstract:
In demokratischen politischen Systemen haben staatliche Akteure darauf zu achten, die legitimatorische und die ökonomische Basis ihres Handelns stabil und miteinander vereinbar zu halten. Dieses Interesse des politischen Systems an sich selbst wird damit zur Grundlage all seiner Steuerungsbemühungen. Aufgrund der strukturellen Abhängigkeit des Staates von einer funktionsfähigen Ökonomie ist staatlichen Akteuren auch an der Steuerung der industriellen Beziehungen gelegen – zumindest dann, wenn sie in Rezessionsphasen das Handeln der Tarifverbände als dysfunktional bewerten. Unmittelbarer staatlicher Intervention und Steuerung steht aber das grundgesetzlich verankerte Konstrukt der Tarifautonomie entgegen. Das bedeutet jedoch nicht, dass dem Staat alle Steuerungsmöglichkeiten genommen sind. Am Beispiel der staatlichen Forcierung betrieblicher Bündnisse für Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass der Staat über den Umweg der indirekten, diskursiven Steuerung in der Lage ist, gesellschaftliche Akteure zur Selbststeuerung anzuregen. Im Ergebnis lässt sich eine Transformation der Strukturen der industriellen Beziehungen beobachten, die zu einem wesentlichen Teil nicht von den Tarifverbänden, sondern vom Staat ausgeht.:Einführung; Inhalte und Verbreitung betrieblicher Bündnisse für Arbeit; Das Interesse des Staates an betrieblichen Bündnissen für Arbeit; Daten: Das Interesse des Staates am Diskurs über betriebliche Bündnisse; Das Desinteresse des Staates an betrieblichen Bündnissen?; FazitIn political systems that are liberal and democratic state actors must keep the legitimating and economic basis of their actions stable and compatible with each other. This interest of political systems in themselves becomes the basis of all their intervention policies. Due to the structural dependency of the state from a functioning economy state actors also attempt to regulate industrial relations; at least during periods of recession in which free collective bargaining is regarded as dysfunctional. Direct state intervention and regulation are restricted by the right of free collective bargaining, which is guaranteed by the German constitutional law. Notwithstanding this does not mean that the state has lost all its possibilities of regulation and control. The example of the state’s demand, and to a certain extent enforcement, of internal alliances for jobs shows that the state is very well in the position to stimulate collective actors to self-regulation. This stimulation takes place through a discursive, indirect intervention. As a result of these shifts and changes a structural transformation of industrial relations takes place, which, to a great extent, is not initiated by employers’ and employee’s associations, but by the state.:Einführung; Inhalte und Verbreitung betrieblicher Bündnisse für Arbeit; Das Interesse des Staates an betrieblichen Bündnissen für Arbeit; Daten: Das Interesse des Staates am Diskurs über betriebliche Bündnisse; Das Desinteresse des Staates an betrieblichen Bündnissen?; Fazit
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Rezková, Eva. "Diplomaté průmyslu. Zahraniční obchod a německá "Ostpolitik" v 50. a 60. letech 20. stol." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-343752.
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This thesis entitled "Transformation through Trade. The pioneers of the New Eastern Policy in the 50s and 60s." examines the efforts of the German entrerpreneurs during the Cold War to revive trade relations with the Sowjetunion and to the states within its sphere of power. Because Europe was divided politically into two antagonistic systems, and due to the embargo imposed on West Germany by the Allied Powers, the entrepreneurs encountered extreme difficulties in their attemps to renew trade. The determined efforts of the economic diplomats, which were fundamental in creating conditions for the new eastern policy, reached their peak in 1970 when the Gas Pipeline Deal was concluded. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)