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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pensions

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pensions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Pensions"

1

Case, Anne, and Alicia Menendez. "Does money empower the elderly? Evidence from the Agincourt demographic surveillance site, South Africa1." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 35, no. 69_suppl (August 2007): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14034950701355445.

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Aims: To quantify the impact of the South African old age (social) pension on outcomes for pensioners and the prime-aged adults and children who live with them, and to examine alternative means by which pensions affect household outcomes. Methods: We collected socioeconomic data on 290 households in the Agincourt demographic surveillance area (DSA), stratifying our sample on the presence of a household member age-eligible for the old-age pension (women aged 60 and older, men aged 65 and older). Results: The presence of a pensioner significantly reduces household reports that adults and, separately, children missed meals because there was not enough money for food. In addition, girls are significantly more likely to be enrolled in school if they are living with a pensioner, an effect that is driven entirely by living with a female pensioner. Our results are consistent with a model in which pensioners have a greater say in household functioning once they begin to receive their pensions. Conclusions: We find a program targeted toward the elderly plays a significant role in children's health and development.

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Walker, Robert, Geoffrey Hardman, and Sandra Hutton. "The Occupational Pension Trap: Towards a Preliminary Empirical Specification." Journal of Social Policy 18, no. 4 (October 1989): 575–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400001860.

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ABSTRACTLegislation in 1985 and 1986 has attempted to give new impetus to the growth of occupational and personal pension schemes. This article demonstrates that, because of the interaction between occupational pensions and means-tested social security provision, many of today's pensioners receive little or no financial benefit from their occupational pension. The evidence presented is consistent with the thesis that the pensioners who are worst affected by the ‘pension trap’ include those who, as workers, were low-paid and experienced interrupted employment. As a consequence they reached retirement with small state and occupational pensions, limited savings and no house which they owned. Many are women. The penetration of occupational and personal pensions is currently lowest among the same groups of workers and it could be that the Government's policy to extend the coverage of private pensions will result in an increase in the severity of the pension trap. Some measures for reducing the impact of the pension trap are discussed.

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Broadbent, Simon, Justin van de Ven, and Martin Weale. "Commentary: Pensions and Pension Policy." National Institute Economic Review 193 (July 2005): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950105058544.

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The Pensions Commission is to make its recommendations on pension policy reform later this year, in the light of comments on the challenges identified in its first Report. Widespread agreement on the need for such reform is partly a consequence of problems which have already surfaced, such as the insolvency of some pension schemes, moves to curtail benefits and mis-selling scandals. However the main impetus comes from the fact, clearly demonstrated by the Pensions Commission (2004), that for pensioners to enjoy the current relative standard of living in fifty years time will require people either to (i) retire later (ii) save more; or (iii) pay higher taxes. In the Commission's view the key issues are to find a consensus on the appropriate combination of these three, or of the alternative of lower pensioner incomes, and to find ways of bringing about such an outcome. We focus on aspects of such a reform and suggest one measure which could be implemented without further ado.

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Gorlin, Y. M., and V. Y. Lyashok. "Drivers of pension growth in the long term." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 98–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2022-12-98-117.

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One of the main challenges for the Russian insurance pension system in the long term is to sustain an acceptable ratio of pensions to wages and to prevent the growth of the share of pensioners with unacceptably low pensions. The key challenges and factors affecting the level of pensions have been identified. A set of potential measures for a more acceptable dynamics of pensions, their risks and limitations have been revealed. Forecast calculations for the period up to 2050 on the model of the Russian insurance pension system developed by the authors made it possible to estimate the impact of relevant factors and measures on key pension indicators. It is shown that the implementation of these measures can ensure in 2030—2050: the coefficient of the relative level of pensions (to average wage) of about 40%; the theoretical replacement rate (at 35 years of service and the average wage in Russia) of about 50%; the ratio of the average pension payment to non-working recipients of the old-age insurance pension to the subsistence minimum for pensioners — about 250% in 2030—2035 and 380% by 2050; reducing the share of those whose pension payment is less than the minimum subsistence level, almost by half relative to the inertial scenario — to 6—8%.

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Hunt, E. H. "Paupers and Pensioners: Past and Present." Ageing and Society 9, no. 4 (December 1989): 407–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x0001401x.

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ABSTRACTThis article compares treatment of the elderly today and in the mid-nineteenth century. The starting point is David Thomson's recent claim (Ageing and Society, 4, 1984) that welfare-state pension benefits are not as valuable, relative to the incomes of non-pensioners, as were the poor-law pensions of Dickensian England. Thomson's calculations of incomes and of the value and availability of pensions in the mid-nineteenth century are critically reassessed. It is argued that welfare-state pensions are superior to poor-law pensions not only in absolute terms but also as a proportion of average working-class incomes. The paper concludes with some comments on long-term trends in pensioners' living standards and the implications for pension policy.

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Harianto, Windu Gata, Virda Mega Ayu, and Achmad Bayhaqy. "Perancangan Modul Persetujuan Otomatis dan Klasifikasi pada Sistem Persetujuan Lapor Diri Pensiun Menggunakan FSA." Jurnal JTIK (Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi) 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/jtik.v7i1.626.

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Retired Dana Pensiun Perkebunan Defined Benefit Pension Plan (PPMP) participants are required to certify annually that they still meet the criteria for being a valid pensioner. The retiree uses the Dapenbun online application to take a photo of himself and her ID card and wait for the data to be processed by the administrator. Pensioners who do not report will have their pension entitlements suspended. The number of retirees managed by the Plantation Pension Fund is over 216,000, and managers are overwhelmed with approval at the start of the re-data period. For this reason, authors design systems that can run automated approval and classification systems to facilitate data approval. Applying the FSA concept to this system reduces the processing of participant data as automation is applied to the first process of automatic termination of pensions for children aged 21 and over, second data with criteria for automatic approval. It will be faster. Categorizing data reduces approval errors and makes it easier for users to approve data.

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Špirková, Jana, Martin Dobrovič, and Miroslava Vinczeová. "A Critical View on Pension Savings in Slovakia." Statistika: Statistics and Economy Journal 101, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 370–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54694/stat.2021.11.

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In almost all countries around the world, pension systems are based on several pillars. This is also the case of Slovakia with its three-pillar pension system. The paper presents a case study underlying the risks that can seriously affect the amount of future pensions. The case study clearly indicates that current pensions in Slovakia paid under all three pillars do not correspond with the expectations from the implementation of the three-pillar pension system. The aim of the paper is to the risks that can seriously affect the amount of future pensions. Our own contribution is the determination of the amount of pension for a specific pensioner specified in the presented case study. Within the saving phase of pension contributions the development of investment fund returns, the amount of future pensioner´s contributions, as well as administrative costs are analyzed on a monthly basis. The payout phase is modelled using actuarial functions applying the mortality tables of Slovakia.

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Kim, Seung Hoon, Hyunkyu Kim, Sung Hoon Jeong, and Eun-Cheol Park. "Association of the Type of Public Pension With Mental Health Among South Korean Older Adults: Longitudinal Observational Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 10 (May 2, 2024): e49129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/49129.

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Background As income and health are closely related, retirement is considered undesirable for health. Many studies have shown the association between pension and health, but no research has considered the association between contribution-based public pensions or their types and health. Objective This study investigates the association between the type of contributory public pension and depressive symptoms among older adults. Methods We analyzed the data of 4541 older adults who participated in the South Korea Welfare Panel Study (2014-2020). Depressive symptoms were measured using the 11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Public pensions in South Korea are classified into specific corporate pensions and national pensions. For subgroup analyses, pensioners were categorized according to the amount of pension received and the proportion of public pension over gross income. Analyses using generalized estimating equations were conducted for longitudinal data. Results Individuals receiving public pension, regardless of the pension type, demonstrated significantly decreased depressive symptoms (national pension: β=–.734; P<.001; specific corporate pension: β=–.775; P=.02). For both pension types, the higher the amount of benefits, the lower were the depression scores. However, this association was absent for those who received the smaller amount among the specific corporate pensioners. In low-income households, the decrease in the depressive symptoms based on the amount of public pension benefits was greater (fourth quartile of national pension: β=–1.472; P<.001; second and third quartiles of specific corporate pension: β=–3.646; P<.001). Conclusions Our study shows that contributory public pension is significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms, and this association is prominent in low-income households. Thus, contributory public pensions may be good income sources for improving the mental health of older adults after retirement.

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Mamatkazin, I. R. "Problems of pension provision for working pensioners." Voprosy trudovogo prava (Labor law issues), no. 01 (January 22, 2022): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-2-2201-08.

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Working pensioners represent a special category of pension recipients. The legislation does not restrict their labor rights, equating them with other categories of employees, but in pension provision, there are significant restrictions on their rights in relation to these persons. These restrictions are primarily related to the payment of pensions “not in full”, when it comes to the non-application to working pensioners of provisions on the indexation of insurance pensions or the absence of their right to a social supplement to the pension. Very significant are the restrictions in the formation of their pension rights in the exercise of labor activity after the appointment of an insurance pension. These restrictions, each of which individually is not so significant, collectively represent a very serious factor that negatively affects the motivation of pensioners to continue working.

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Gibson, Dot. "Standing up for today's and tomorrow's pensioners." Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 16, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qaoa-11-2014-0034.

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Purpose – The National Pensioners’ Convention aims to challenge the case for current government policies to raise the age of retirement from paid work and to diversify routes to and amounts of pensions entitlement. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This policy-oriented commentary draws on evidence and arguments presented in the National Pensioners’ Convention Manifesto about the relative affluence of socio-economic class groups and their length of life after 65. Findings – In contrast to government claims of simplifying pensions by introducing single-tier state pensions, three different pension schemes will coexist for many years and in many cases these will provide less than current entitlements. Other universal pensioner benefits such as concessionary travel and winter fuel payments are now also the target of financial cost savings. Access to home care and residential care is increasingly restricted by service cuts and wider means testing. Practical implications – National Pensioners’ Convention Manifesto argues that the standard of care and support for older people needs to be guaranteed to be set above current poverty levels, to be linked to price and consumer indices and earnings, for universal pensioner benefits to be maintained, for a National Health and Care Service to be free at the point of use, funded through taxation and for standards to be improved through a legally binding Dignity code. Originality/value – This commentary expresses the views of a non-party campaigning organisation run by pensioners themselves to highlight their case for ways in which they may gain increased rather than decreased support for maintaining active living in later life.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pensions"

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Chernyavska, Olena, Edison Vizuete, and Olena Gorbunova. "Pensions: governmental obligations or individual choices." Thesis, Полтава : ПУЕТ, 2014. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2732.

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Chernyavska, Olena, Edison Vizuete, and Olena Gorbunova. "The future and realities of pensions in the Western world." Thesis, Полтава: ПУЕТ, 2013. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2680.

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Vidler, Sacha. "Pension reform: an analysis of the economic foundations of private pensions." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/577.

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The dissertation investigates support by economists for the global policy shift away from unfunded public pension schemes towards funded private pension schemes. Influential economists and institutions, including the World Bank, present a suite of economic arguments that suggest that this shift will have positive effects on national economies, particularly in the context of aging. The arguments may be categorised according to their relation to the operation of three sets of institutions: capital markets, labour markets and political systems. In capital markets, the transition is purported to increase private and national saving, increase the quantity and quality of investment, and provide more efficient private administration. In labour markets, it is claimed that the shift will reduce labour market distortions associated with public pensions, which inhibit competitiveness, produce unemployment and encourage early retirement. According to the World Bank, public pensions systems cause these distortions without achieving their stated objective of reducing inequality. In the political sphere, the shift is purported to insulate the pension system from political pressures, which otherwise inevitably lead to crisis. The thesis provides evidence which refutes these claims. The best research, including studies by orthodox economists, indicate that the shift does not increase savings or investment, or improve the quality of financial investment. The main effect of tax concessions associated with private pension systems is to divert to private pension funds savings that would occur in any case via other mechanisms. The tax concessions are also regressive, even in systems with compulsory elements. Private administration of pensions, particularly in a plural consumer market setting, is highly inefficient, with customers at a disadvantage in dealing with providers due to the complexity and opacity of products and pricing. A negative relationship is found between public pension spending and levels of elderly poverty, suggesting that reducing public pension spending increases levels of elderly inequality. Public pensions are found not to explain differences in economic growth between regions. Elements of system design which distort labour markets, such as by encouraging early retirement, can easily be adjusted. However, such elements are explicit government policy in several countries. A review of public and private pensions finds that examples of public system crisis are associated with instances of economic and political collapse, rather than system design. Private funded systems are found to be more vulnerable, not less, to the same external influences. Relatively generous universal public pension systems are found to be financially sustainable despite demographic change, assuming modest levels of economic growth.

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Vidler, Sacha. "Pension reform an analysis of the economic foundations of private pensions /." University of Sydney. Political Economy, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/577.

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The dissertation investigates support by economists for the global policy shift away from unfunded public pension schemes towards funded private pension schemes. Influential economists and institutions, including the World Bank, present a suite of economic arguments that suggest that this shift will have positive effects on national economies, particularly in the context of aging. The arguments may be categorised according to their relation to the operation of three sets of institutions: capital markets, labour markets and political systems. In capital markets, the transition is purported to increase private and national saving, increase the quantity and quality of investment, and provide more efficient private administration. In labour markets, it is claimed that the shift will reduce labour market distortions associated with public pensions, which inhibit competitiveness, produce unemployment and encourage early retirement. According to the World Bank, public pensions systems cause these distortions without achieving their stated objective of reducing inequality. In the political sphere, the shift is purported to insulate the pension system from political pressures, which otherwise inevitably lead to crisis. The thesis provides evidence which refutes these claims. The best research, including studies by orthodox economists, indicate that the shift does not increase savings or investment, or improve the quality of financial investment. The main effect of tax concessions associated with private pension systems is to divert to private pension funds savings that would occur in any case via other mechanisms. The tax concessions are also regressive, even in systems with compulsory elements. Private administration of pensions, particularly in a plural consumer market setting, is highly inefficient, with customers at a disadvantage in dealing with providers due to the complexity and opacity of products and pricing. A negative relationship is found between public pension spending and levels of elderly poverty, suggesting that reducing public pension spending increases levels of elderly inequality. Public pensions are found not to explain differences in economic growth between regions. Elements of system design which distort labour markets, such as by encouraging early retirement, can easily be adjusted. However, such elements are explicit government policy in several countries. A review of public and private pensions finds that examples of public system crisis are associated with instances of economic and political collapse, rather than system design. Private funded systems are found to be more vulnerable, not less, to the same external influences. Relatively generous universal public pension systems are found to be financially sustainable despite demographic change, assuming modest levels of economic growth.

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Otero, Correa A. F. "Pensions, work and informality : a multi-tier contributory pension system." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1462658/.

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This thesis studies the relationship between pension incentives and formal labour market participation in a multi-tier de ned contribu- tion pension system. During 2008 a mayor pension reform was imple- mented in Chile, changing simultaneously the redistributive welfare and contributory tier of the system, introducing several elements to boost formal labour market participation and reduce inequalities. The expected pension wealth at retirement and the accrual rate have di er- ently changed for di erent group of the population due to the reform. I estimate the e ects of the reform on formal labour market partici- pation using two di erent empirical strategies: First, I use a di erence in di erence estimator to address the e ect of the expected pension wealth on formal labour market participation. I exploit the di eren- tial e ects of the reform on individuals belonging to di erent groups to gain identi cation. The endogenous pension wealth is instrumen- talized using time and group dummies. Second, I solve and estimate a dynamic consumption, labour supply and pension savings accumula- tion life cycle structural model. It complements the existing literature by incorporating the choice of two sectors in the labour market, the formal and informal labour sectors and by allowing for intrahouse- hold bargaining power. Households choose individuals' sector labour supply and consumption in an environment with uncertainty given by sectoral wage shocks, future marital status and future fertility choices. The main results of the thesis are threefold. Firstly, the changes in the nal pension wealth at retirement and the accrual rate have reduced formal labour market participation. Secondly, the reform has increased not only the self- nanced pension wealth but also has importantly improved the nal pension due to the rst tier reform. Finally, even though the nal pension changes have been positive for both gender, the female pension improvement has been much higher than the rise for men reducing the gender inequalities.

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Price, Debora. "Pensions and partnerships." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/798038/.

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Peggs, Kay. "Women and pensions." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/771371/.

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Legislative changes in the 1980s and 1990s have meant that non-state pensions are becoming increasingly important in pension provision in Britain. The introduction of Approved Personal Pension Plans (APPS) as a legal second-tier pension option has meant that potential pension alternatives have increased and now consist of SERPS, occupational pension schemes and APPS. These alternatives are not, however, similarly beneficial. Occupational pensions are usually by far the better option. It is precisely because women have been disadvantaged in occupational pensions in the past that so many older women live in poverty today. Using secondary analysis of the General Household Survey for 1988-90 the research shows that women of employable age are less likely to have occupational pensions or personal pension plans than men and this is largely because of the impact of childcare responsibilities on their labour market positions. However, the generally disadvantaged position of women in the labour market means even women without caring responsibilities are disadvantaged in pension welfare. In addition the research demonstrates that differences among women in relation to labour market variables as well as ethnicity, marital status and child dependency status means that women cannot be treated as an homogeneously disadvantaged group, and consequently some women are more disadvantaged than others in their pension provision. Interviews with 45 women aged 40-59 reveal that, for the women interviewed, although most women wanted an independent pension income, many could not afford, or were ineligible for, their desired schemes. The research also shows that married women cannot, even if they wanted to, rely on husbands for financial welfare in pensionable years as a polarisation of couples between those where both have a pension and where neither has a pension means that women are less likely to have a pension if their husband does not have a non-state pension. The research concludes that women's poverty in older age will increase, as concentration on non-state pension provision means that women will be increasingly disadvantaged.

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Chávez, Montoya María Susan. "La determinación de las pensiones de alimentos y los sistemas orientadores de cálculo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2017. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/1370.

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El derecho de alimentos, es considerado un derecho inherente a cada persona, por dicha razón es que se encuentra contemplado en todas las legislaciones del mundo y la nuestra no es una excepción. En ese sentido tememos al Código Civil, al Código de Niños y Adolescentes y la Constitución Política del Perú, los cuales se encargan de regular el tema de los alimentos, por ejemplo, la constitución en su artículo 6 nos señala que: “… El Estado asegura los programas de educación adecuados y el acceso a los medios, que no afecten la vida o la salud. Es deber y derecho de los padres alimentar, educar y dar seguridad a sus hijos. Los hijos tienen el deber de respetar y asistir a sus padres…”. Para nuestra legislación, los alimentos son considerado todo lo indispensable para la manutención, conservación, perpetuación y evolución, ellos constituyen un derecho natural y frente al incumplimiento se ha tratado de superar cualquier dificultad. Es allí donde se solicita que la justicia brinde una respuesta fijando un monto para atender a este derecho fundamental y es el juez el que asume este compromiso. Ante el pedido de una respuesta judicial, nuestra legislación debería establecer de forma específica y detallada los criterios que el juez debe tener en cuenta para fijar un monto y poder brindar instrumentos que ayuden al juez en esta labor. The right to food is considered an inherent right of each person, for that reason is that it is contemplated in all the laws of the world and ours is no exception. In that sense, we are afraid of the Civil Code, the Children and Adolescents Code and the Political Constitution of Peru, which regulate the issue of food, for example, the constitution in its article 6 states that: "... The State ensures adequate education programs and access to the media, which do not affect life or health. It is the duty and right of parents to nurture, educate and provide security for their children. Children have a duty to respect and assist their parents ...” For our legislation, food is considered indispensable for maintenance, preservation, perpetuation and evolution, they constitute a natural right and in the face of non-compliance we have tried to overcome any difficulty. It is there that it is requested that the justice provides a response fixing an amount to attend to this fundamental right and it is the judge who assumes this commitment. In response to a request for a judicial response, our legislation should establish in a specific and detailed manner the criteria that the court should take into account to set an amount and to be able to provide instruments to assist the judge in this work.

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Mbedzi, Ndivhuhweni Innocent. "A legal analysis on the distribution and payment of the special pensions under the Special Pensions Act, 69 of 1969." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1183.

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Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013
The South African government has paid compensation in a form of special pension to individuals who have been exposed to certain types of hardship and suffering caused by the governments or their predecessors. This compensation is described as ‘the appreciation or sense of guilty of society towards those people on whom the government has rightfully or wrongfully and at any rate disproportionally inflicted damage’. Government have been prepared to pay compensation to the following persons: former enemies, victims of war, victims of harmful compulsory vaccination measures, persons who had sacrificed their jobs and education in the process of overturning oppressive governments establishing democratic government; and persons whose basic human rights had been violated by governments or their predecessors. These persons have sacrificed their lives either in exile or within South Africa fighting for South Africa to be democratic. These persons must prove that they served their respective political organisations for a period of five years or above or they were banished or restricted in certain area or imprisoned or sentenced.

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Cozort, Larry A. "The effect of accrued pension benefit preservation on worker mobility in muliemployer plans." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54746.

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The relationship between mobility of vested plan participants and the use of reciprocity agreements in multiemployer plans was investigated. The assumption that pension benefit forfeiture retards worker mobility was considered. The assumption that worker mobility is enhanced by benefit preservation is one of the justifications for tax incentives provided retirement plans. Several variables were considered in addition to the use or nonuse of reciprocity agreements; however, none of the variables were found to be significantly related to the turnover rate for vested plan participants in multiemployer plans. The primary conclusion of the research was that the hypothesis that benefit preservation through the use of reciprocity agreements in multiemployer plans is ineffective in increasing turnover for vested plan participants could not be rejected.
Ph. D.

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Books on the topic "Pensions"

1

1957-, Sullivan M., ed. Pensions and pension funding. London: Routledge, 2007.

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Organisation for economic co-operation and development. OECD private pensions outlook 2008. Paris: OECD, 2009.

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Davis, E. Philip. Public pensions, pension reform and fiscal policy. Frankfurt: European Monetary Institute, 1997.

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Institute, Pensions Management, and Pensions Research Accountants Group, eds. Pensions terminology: A glossary for pension schemes. 4th ed. London: Pensions Management Institute/Pensions Research Accountants Group, 1992.

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Institute, Pensions Management, and Pensions Research Accountants Group, eds. Pensions terminology: A glossary for pension schemes. 3rd ed. London: PensionsManagement Institute, 1988.

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trésor, Canada Conseil du, ed. Your pension plan =: Votre régime de pensions. Ottawa, Ont: Treasury Board of Canada = Conseil du trésor du Canada, 2000.

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Wainman, David. Pensions. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1992.

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Hill, Michael J. Pensions. Bristol [England]: Policy Press, 2007.

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Services, Broadcasting Support, and Channel Four Television Company, eds. Pensions. London: Channel Four Television, 1987.

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Authority, Financial Services, ed. Pensions. London: Financial Services Authority, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pensions"

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Iparraguirre, José Luis. "Pensions and Pension Schemes." In Economics and Ageing, 231–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29019-1_4.

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Ogg, Jim. "The Role of Pension Policies in Preventing Old-Age Exclusion." In International Perspectives on Aging, 373–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_29.

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AbstractAccess to an adequate pension is fundamental to preventing exclusion. As populations age, modern economies have put into place pension reforms to safeguard financial stability. In Europe, raising the age of eligibility for pensions and increasing the length of time necessary in a working career to access a pension are among the main policy measures that are being adopted. In addition, pensions and life expectancy are increasingly linked mainly in the form of the replacement of defined benefit pensions, where financial risks were shared collectively and produced stable pension benefits, by defined contribution pensions which depend on the capacity of individuals to save and individualise the risk of investments in diverse pension schemes. This chapter presents the main mechanisms of reforms to pension systems and addresses the opportunities and constraints for reducing exclusion in later life. It focuses on policies that aim to safeguard adequate levels of pension income for individuals who are unable to extend their working life; policies that aim to reduce gender pay gaps and, in turn, gender pension gaps; reforms to survivor pensions; and the provision of pension safety nets for individuals who have not built up enough contributions to ensure an adequate income. These policies are examined in the context of new social risks which result from shifting political systems, rapid technological change, and economic uncertainties.

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Culotta, Fabrizio. "A Prospective Sustainability Indicator for Pension Systems." In Proceedings e report, 209–14. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.39.

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This work proposes an informative system to monitor pension systems by integrating pension and labor market statistics. This more comprehensive system is used to build an indicator to measure prospectively the sustainability of pension systems. The set of indicators is divided into two groups, each tracking pension contributions and payments flows. Each flow is composed by the product of three statistics: a statistics for the extensive margin, i.e. how many contributors and retirees, one for the intensive margin, i.e. how much workers contribute and pensioners receive pensions, and one for the durational margin, i.e. for how long workers contribute and retirees receive pensions. As such, the statistical content is coherent with the set of pension indicators considered by Eurostat and OECD. Statistics are extracted from Eurostat database and ensure cross-country comparability. The advantage of this approach is twofold. Firstly, it allows reflecting specificities of each pension regimes, characterized by own specific contribution rules and pension formulas, without explicitly account for them. Secondly, it allows to relate the assessment of sustainability of pension systems to the dynamics of labor markets since it explicitly takes into account the distribution of wages, the duration of working life, the distribution of old-age pensions and the life expectancy at retirement. An application on a pool of seven European countries (Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands) is provided for the period 2015 - 2019. The indicator for the prospective sustainability of pension systems is compared across two other alternatives to stress the contribution of each margin. These alternatives are then compared with a benchmark indicator and their correlations are measured.

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Davidson, Ian D. "Pensions." In European Monetary Union: The Kingsdown Enquiry, 72–75. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24825-4_14.

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Griffiths, Ian. "Pensions." In New Creative Accounting, 40–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13649-0_4.

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Le Grand, Julian, Carol Propper, and Sarah Smith. "Pensions." In The Economics of Social Problems, 69–88. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-92210-9_5.

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Jenkins, Clive, and Barrie Sherman. "Pensions." In Collective Bargaining, 103–13. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003349273-8.

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Bodie, Zvi. "Pensions." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 10169–75. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2578.

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Sinclair, Walter. "Pensions." In St. James’s Place Tax Guide 2002–2003, 212–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230287716_14.

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Bodie, Zvi. "Pensions." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–7. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2578-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pensions"

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Voitsyshyn, Diana. "Pension provision: domestic and world practices." In Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.208.

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Background: Pension provision of citizens of Ukraine currently remains one of the most important problems of the socio-economic development of the state. The existing system of pension insurance does not adequately fulfill its main task, since the size of pensions mostly does not provide an opportunity to maintain a minimum standard of living. Purpose: To investigate the features of pension provision for persons who have reached retirement age in Ukraine and world experience. Methods: A method of analysis, evaluation, comparison and generalization. Results: After analyzing the state of the pension system, it can be considered a crisis, because the pension does not protect pensioners from poverty, the system is also socially unfair, the Pension Fund receives significant subsidies from the budget in order to be able to pay pensions to the elderly. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the state of pension provision in Ukraine today is quite low. The pension system needs to be reformed, namely, the introduction of reforms in the solidarity system, the creation of an accumulation system and the development of voluntary pension provision, because reducing the level of pension payments cannot be a real alternative, as it will lead to an increase in poverty among elderly citizens. Therefore, the reforms should be aimed at reducing the inflow of new pensioners and increasing the number of people paying pension contributions. Keywords: retirement age, pension system, pension system reform, joint pension system.

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Rajevska, Olga. "ADEQUACY OF DISABILITY PENSION SYSTEM IN LATVIA." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b2/v3/11.

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The author analyzes the performance of the disability pension system in Latvia in order to assess the ability of the system to perform its main function: to prevent poverty among people with disabilities. It has been found that the system does not meet the criteria of adequacy and the causes of problem have been addressed. In the analysis, the author uses statistical data from Eurostat and the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia, Mutual Information System on Social Protection (MISSOC) database, as well as considers statutory regulations. Particular attention is paid to such an element of the pension system as statutory minimum pension amount as a key tool aimed at ensuring the adequacy of the social protection of people with disabilities. Additionally, the author provides a comparative analysis of minimum disability pension provisions in the EU member states. Since the systems of old-age pensions and disability pensions in Latvia are closely connected, the author emphases the importance of the improvement of the adequacy of disability pensions in achieving more adequate old-age pensions.

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Varga, Zoltán. "Pension scheme rules for the EU officials and the transfer of pensions." In MultiScience - XXXII. microCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference. University of Miskolc, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26649/musci.2018.048.

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Kraft, Jiří. "Důchodový systém ČR: Navozování sociálního smíru nebo konfliktu?" In XXVI. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0311-2023-5.

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The pension system is a very important social policy instrument of the state. An incorrectly set pension system, or one that does not respond sufficiently to the often contradictory developmental changes in its individual parameters, can cause social disharmony, not only between or within generations. The aim of this paper is to assess the regional aspect of the consequences of the current Czech pension system based on the principles of solidarity and equivalence. It seeks an answer to the question whether, from a regional perspective, the pension system is more likely to induce social harmony or to provoke conflict among regions. The starting point is an analysis of selected parameters of the pension system of the Czech Republic in the period 2010-2021, the results of which are followed by a regional analysis of average gross wages and average old-age pensions, including an assessment of the relationship between them, using normalized data for both indicators. Five types of positions of the Czech regions are identified in determining solidarity donors and solidarity recipients. At the same time, some points are pointed out that should not be overlooked in the context of pension reform, as they could be a source of social conflicts in the future.

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Foziah, Hazimi, Puspa Liza Ghazali, Azman Alias, Sukono Sukono, and Abdul Talib Bon. "Global Retirement and Pensions System Development." In 11th Annual International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Michigan, USA: IEOM Society International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46254/an11.20211143.

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Varga, Zoltán. "Financial Aspects of the Old-Age Pensions' Coordination." In MultiScience - XXIX. microCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference. University of Miskolc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26649/musci.2015.085.

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Voitekhovich, V. N. "ON THE RIGHT TO ANNUAL INDEXATION OF PENSIONS." In SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN EAST: NEW CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC GUIDELINES. Khabarovsk: KSUEL Editorial and Publishing Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0746-2-2021-192-196.

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In the modern pension system, there are many problems and controversial issues that have yet to be resolved. Not always the presence of legislative regulation leads to a clear understanding of the application in practice. The article considers the possibility of eliminating gaps in legislation that arise in practice by explaining the authorized state bodies, without a lengthy procedure for adopting additional legislative acts.

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Nutsubidze, Tamila. "The Impact of the Development of Funded Pensions on Retirement Policy in Georgia." In Human Capital, Institutions, Economic Growth. Kutaisi University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/c.2023.11.14.

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The implementation of mandatory and voluntary funded pension schemes contributes to the development of long-term investment opportunities and savings in Georgia to ensure the financial security of workers at retirement age. In the long term, the development of the above-mentioned funded pension schemes is likely to influence the state's pension policy. The role of state involvement in social policy and its social spending may change in line with demographic trends. Article in Georgian.

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FRĂTICĂ-DRAGOMIR (GUȘE), Alina Mihaela. "DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC PENSIONS: A CASE STUDY OF FOUR EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." In INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE. Editura ASE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2023/02.12.

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This paper delves into the pension systems of four European nations – Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Romania – offering a comprehensive analysis of their respective structures, digitalization efforts and potential for harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) for public benefit. It paints a vivid portrait of the various approaches to pension systems and digitalization strategies in these four European countries. It illuminates the potential of AI and technology to drive progress in the public sector, ultimately improving citizen well-being and government efficiency. The comparison of the four national systems is made in order to understand Romania’s situation in the Eastern European landscape. In Romania, the National Public Pension House is in a complex process of evolution in terms of improving access to electronic services, increasing the quality of information and communication technology so that all institutions have the possibility of multiple interactions both with the citizen and with the business environment and with other central and local public institutions, being in fact optimization and de-bureaucratization measures. Within the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, the Reform of the pension system was foreseen, a major and complex reform, which also includes the milestone – Operational efficiency and advanced electronic services for the national pension system through digitization – with a deadline of completion by the date of December 31, 2024, with several directions of development.

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Zolkin, A. L. "VETERINARY BUREAUCRATIC OFFICE IN THE STATE SERVICE SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE." In DIGEST OF ARTICLES ALL-RUSSIAN (NATIONAL) SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "CURRENT ISSUES OF VETERINARY MEDICINE: EDUCATION, SCIENCE, PRACTICE", DEDICATED TO THE 190TH ANNIVERSARY FROM THE BIRTH OF A.P. Stepanova. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1853-9-2021-65.

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The article examines the bureaucratic office in veterinary medicine in the general context of the state service of the Russian Empire. There is he hierarchical system of rank production, rewards and penalties. A certain part of the material is devoted to the formation of pensions for officials in prerevolutionary Russia.

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Reports on the topic "Pensions"

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Emmerson, Carl, Orazio Attanasio, James Banks, Richard Blundell, and Robert Chote. Pensions, pensioners and pensions policy: financial security in UK retirement savings? Institute for Fiscal Studies, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2004.0048.

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Clark, Tom. Recent pensions policy and the Pension Credit. Institute for Fiscal Studies, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2001.0017.

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Bando, Rosangela, Sebastián Galiani, and Paul Gertler. Another Brick on the Wall: On the Effects of Non-Contributory Pensions on Material and Subjective Well Being. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003082.

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Public expenditures on non-contributory pensions are equivalent to at least 1 percent of GDP in several countries in Latin America and is expected to increase. We explore the effect of non-contributory pensions on the well-being of the beneficiary population by studying the "Pensiones Alimentarias" program established by law in Paraguay, which targets older adults living in poverty. Households with a beneficiary increased their level of consumption by 44 percent. The program improved subjective well-being in 0.48 standard deviations. These effects are consistent with the findings of Bando, Galiani and Gertler (2020) and Galiani, Gertler and Bando (2016) in their studies on the non-contributory pension schemes in Peru and Mexico. Thus, we conclude that the effects of non-contributory pensions on well-being in Paraguay are comparable to those found for Peru and Mexico and add to the construction of external validity.

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Olivera, Javier, and José A. Valderrama. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Future Pensions of the Peruvian Pension System. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004533.

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We study the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the pension policy response on the private and public pension systems of Peru. We find that the policies allowing early withdrawals from the private pension balances imply a significant reduction in expected pension wealth by about 40 people, yet there are important heterogeneous effects: the losses are larger for males, for affiliates at the bottom of the distribution of income or pension wealth, and for older people as they have less time to rebuild their pension pots. We detect that the excess of mortality due to the pandemic will reduce the actuarial net liability of the public pension system by about 2.4 percent, even after accounting for new survival pensions and a drop in contributions. The effect is largely driven by savings due to the anticipated deaths of pensioners. Moreover, a new set of reduced pension benefits implemented in the public pension system during the pandemic could cost about 4 percent of the actuarial net reserve.

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Gustman, Alan, and Thomas Steinmeier. An Analysis Of Pension Benefit Formulas, Pension Wealth And Incentives From Pensions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2535.

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Tanner, Tanner,, and Carl Emmerson. Stakeholder pensions. Institute for Fiscal Studies, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.1999.0001.

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Bebchuk, Lucian, and Robert Jackson. Executive Pensions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11907.

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Castro, Rubén, Leonardo González, Ignacio Schiappacasse, and Juan Tapia. The Impact of Covid-19 on Pensions due to Early Withdrawals of Pension Savings. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004517.

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The Chilean pension system was hit hard during 2020-2021 by the withdrawal of 25 per cent of the individual pensions funds accumulated by 2019, an amount equivalent to 20 per cent of Chiles GDP. We estimate here the impact of those withdrawals on new pension allowances, using a combination of official data sets and the IDB model for the actuarial projection of pensions, including its heterogeneity matrix, to simulate the distribution of pension impacts. The withdrawal impact decreases in new retirees of future years until disappearing around the year 2065. We estimate respective impacts of about 31 percent and 37 percent for males and females new self-financed pensions around the year 2022, which goes to about 56 percent among the third of the affiliates with the lowest savings. However, we found that the recent increase in non-contributory pensions more than counteracted this impact for roughly 90 percent of 2022 new retirees. Regarding labor markets shocks, we found only a moderate role for them in the long-term evolution of the pension system, as we also found to be the case of seven Caribbean countries (Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Bahamas and Barbados). As an overall conclusion, we recommend studying contribution rates, because low-salary workers attain a substantial replacement rate with just the non-contributory pension, which casts doubt on whether a mandatory contribution is appropriate for them.

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Chen, Zeyuan, and Albert Park. Rural Pensions, Intra-Household Bargaining, and Elderly Medical Expenditure in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230373-2.

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This study investigates the impact of a new social pension program in the People’s Republic of China on the health expenditures of rural elderly people. Results show that receiving pension payments increases outpatient care utilization and expenditures among ill elderly people. Pensions improve bargaining power for elderly people who live with their children or grandchildren. This enables elderly people to spend more on health care. However, pensions have no significant effect on medical expenditures of elderly people who live independently.

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Clark, Robert, Emma Hanson, and Olivia Mitchell. Lessons for Public Pensions from Utah’s Move to Pension Choice. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21385.

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