Academic literature on the topic 'Pension reform; welfare; world bank'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pension reform; welfare; world bank"
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Holzmann, Robert. "The World Bank Approach to Pension Reform." International Social Security Review 53, no. 1 (January 2000): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-246x.00061.
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Wang, Xin, Kang-Lin Peng, and Ting Meng. "Urban Ageing Welfare Leaking and Remedy Strategies in Macau." Urban Science 7, no. 1 (February 16, 2023): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7010026.
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The world is experiencing population ageing, which will extend to the future across the world. The ageing population is sure to impact a country’s welfare policy and economy. Macau is a special administrative region (SAR) of China with a long-life expectancy and a decreasing reproduction rate, making the population ageing particularly obvious. This study adopts a mixed methods approach to analyze the relationship between the ageing population, pension recipients, and pension payments to suggest the pension system and welfare leaking strategies of Macau SAR. The Granger causality test and focus group were conducted to test and discuss the ageing population, pension recipients, and pension payments. Results show that the ageing population positively affects pension payments. The ageing recipients are not corresponding to the ageing population and payments show welfare leakage. Suggestions are offered accordingly for a welfare policy to offer remedy strategies and reform the pension system.
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Muller, Katharina. "Beyond privatization: pension reform in the Czech Republic and Slovenia." Journal of European Social Policy 12, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a028429.
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Research on the political economy of pension reform has focused on the recent wave of pension privatizations in the post-socialist region. This paper is motivated by the need to shed more light on cases where radical reform was rejected. Pension privatization did not proceed when the World Bank and the Ministry of Finance - important advocates of radical reform - were absent from the pension reform arena and the Ministry of Social Affairs was the only relevant reform actor. Moreover, unions need not be secondary actors, but may effectively veto pension privatization. The paper highlights the importance of the specific political and economic conditions that may constrain the leeway of pension reform actors, while also discussing the global politics of attention.
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Sarfati, Hedva. "Pension reform and the development of pension systems - An evaluation of World Bank assistance." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 12, no. 3 (August 2006): 470–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890601200318.
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Gedeon, P. "Pension reform in Hungary." Acta Oeconomica 51, no. 2 (July 1, 2001): 201–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.51.2000-2001.2.3.
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Reforms are not created simply by will, they are constrained by path dependency and also by existing economic and political structures. The course of reforms is also dependent on the formulation of reform alternatives and the balance of power among decisive actors. Both the postponement and then the introduction of the pension reform in Hungary can be explained by the economic and political constraints of the reform, by how reform alternatives were formulated, and by the role of the different actors in the reform process. The structure of this paper reflects these considerations. First, I summarize the characteristics of the socialist pension system that partly created path dependency in the process of pension reform. Second, I look at the economics of pension reform, by discussing the economic constraints of the reforms, and presenting the economic aspects of reform arguments and economic policies modifying and changing the pension system. Third, I examine the politics of the pension reform, and describe the political process of bargaining that generated reform outcomes. Finally, I deal with the role of the World Bank that was the most important international actor in the Hungarian pension reform process.
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Chen, Tianhong. "Comparison of Old-age Pension Policy in China and Russia: the Common and the Specific." Administrative Consulting, no. 7 (September 9, 2020): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2020-7-68-82.
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In the process of transforming from planned economy to market economy, both China and Russia faced the issue of pension reform. There are similarities in the reform and development process and the system model of the pension security system in China and Russia. Transition from planned economy to market economy and aggravation of population aging are main reasons for the reform of pension system in both countries. Under the influence of the World Bank and other international organizations, China and Russia have gradually established a multi-tier pension system, with the state, enterprises and individuals sharing the pension costs. Differences also exist in the old-age security system of China and Russia.
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Paul, Susanne S., and James A. Paul. "The World Bank, Pensions, and Income (In)Security in the Global South." International Journal of Health Services 25, no. 4 (October 1995): 697–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/w99v-7jbj-ep4b-53x2.
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The authors describe and analyze recent reductions and reorganizations of public pension programs in Latin America, as well as trends in pensions in the global South more broadly. They consider the role of the World Bank in the current pension “reform” process and situate the Bank's policies in the context of privatization, reduction of social budgets, and other aspects of structural adjustment. Chilean pension changes are analyzed in particular, showing that even by the Bank's criteria, the reforms have not been successful. The authors then discuss pension changes in China, where the World Bank is also deeply involved. The article concludes with the consideration of a number of arguments about pensions and support mechanisms in later life—including family support and means-tested welfarism—and argues in favor of global policy approaches, such as globally funded pensions and full access by older persons to productive and remunerated labor.
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Shaqiri, Nexhmedin. "Economic Transition Process and Kosovo Pension Reform System." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v6i1.p80-100.
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This article aims to study the Kosovo economic transition process and its impact on the Pension system reform. The study will focus on; model of new economic building system (market liberalization, economic recovery, the concept of entrepreneurship development, system integration of economic trends in the global economy, privatization and transformation of property, social welfare, social justice), etc. During this study different theories on the transition process in the economy will be used, as well as theories on reforming the pension system in the world, which affirm the sustainability of the construction of the new economic and pension system. Methods used will serve to draw relevant conclusions as follow; heuristic, descriptive, historical, comparative, statistical. The hypothesis of this study is, "Impact of the economic reform system in Kosovo and its results in the construction of the new sustainable pension system model." Through this study conceptual changes to the economic system will be put forward, dealing with socialist and liberal philosophy, as different concepts of economic development, the role of the state or the market as a regulator of the economic system. In particular, attention is paid to the new pension system in Kosovo; the causes for reform of the pension system, reforming the pension system, the basic goals of the reform of the pension system, the types of pensions systems in the world, the conceptual basis of the construction of the pension system in Kosovo, the principles of the reform of the pension system, the regulatory framework of the new pension system in Kosovo, advantages and challenges of multi pillar pension system model, the model used for Kosovo's pension system, pension schemes in Kosovo, the efficiency of the new pension system in Kosovo, comparing the new pension system in Kosovo with pension systems of other countries in the region.
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BÉLAND, DANIEL, and KA MAN YU. "A Long Financial March: Pension Reform in China." Journal of Social Policy 33, no. 2 (March 29, 2004): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727940300744x.
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In the context of rapid economic and demographic change, the People's Republic of China has attempted to reshape its public pension system. Although China's current pension system has drawn the attention of many policy analysts, no theoretically informed account on the politics of Chinese pension reform has yet been published. Grounded in a broad institutionalist perspective, this contribution analyses contemporary pension politics in China through the interplay of four main factors: (1) decentralisation and limited administrative capacity, which make it difficult to rationalise and transform the existing pension system; (2) feedback effects from previously enacted pension schemes that further complicate policy change; (3) liberalisation and economic reforms, which have created ‘vested interests’ in the newly established private sector, but which have lacked the strength to generate a mature financial system; (4) finally, the apparent dominance of the neo-liberal financial paradigm commonly associated with the World Bank. While this financial paradigm favours the adoption of new reform proposals, the economic and institutional factors mentioned above complicate their implementation.
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Yusuke, Kawamura. "PENSION REFORM IN AN AUTHORITARIAN STATE: A CASE STUDY OF EGYPT." Public Administration Issues, no. 5 (2021): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2021-0-5-89-106.
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This article focuses on two pension reforms in Egypt in order to understand the dynamics of social policy reform under authoritarian rule. One was supported by the World Bank and promulgated in 2010. It included drastic changes, such as the introduction of a defined benefit scheme, and ultimately failed. Another was successfully implemented in 2019. Compared to the 2010 reform, the 2019 reform involved only parametric change (such as increasing the retirement age and amalgamating social insurance funds), in order to mitigate the criticisms that had been made of the previous pension reform and to facilitate gradual, steady enhancement of the programme’s sustainability. The findings suggest that perceptions of authoritarian leaders as having wide-ranging discretion in decision-making concerning public policy and being able to more decisively implement harsh social reform compared with democratic political leaders need to be reconsidered.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pension reform; welfare; world bank"
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Vidler, Sacha. "Pension reform: an analysis of the economic foundations of private pensions." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/577.
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The dissertation investigates support by economists for the global policy shift away from unfunded public pension schemes towards funded private pension schemes. Influential economists and institutions, including the World Bank, present a suite of economic arguments that suggest that this shift will have positive effects on national economies, particularly in the context of aging. The arguments may be categorised according to their relation to the operation of three sets of institutions: capital markets, labour markets and political systems. In capital markets, the transition is purported to increase private and national saving, increase the quantity and quality of investment, and provide more efficient private administration. In labour markets, it is claimed that the shift will reduce labour market distortions associated with public pensions, which inhibit competitiveness, produce unemployment and encourage early retirement. According to the World Bank, public pensions systems cause these distortions without achieving their stated objective of reducing inequality. In the political sphere, the shift is purported to insulate the pension system from political pressures, which otherwise inevitably lead to crisis. The thesis provides evidence which refutes these claims. The best research, including studies by orthodox economists, indicate that the shift does not increase savings or investment, or improve the quality of financial investment. The main effect of tax concessions associated with private pension systems is to divert to private pension funds savings that would occur in any case via other mechanisms. The tax concessions are also regressive, even in systems with compulsory elements. Private administration of pensions, particularly in a plural consumer market setting, is highly inefficient, with customers at a disadvantage in dealing with providers due to the complexity and opacity of products and pricing. A negative relationship is found between public pension spending and levels of elderly poverty, suggesting that reducing public pension spending increases levels of elderly inequality. Public pensions are found not to explain differences in economic growth between regions. Elements of system design which distort labour markets, such as by encouraging early retirement, can easily be adjusted. However, such elements are explicit government policy in several countries. A review of public and private pensions finds that examples of public system crisis are associated with instances of economic and political collapse, rather than system design. Private funded systems are found to be more vulnerable, not less, to the same external influences. Relatively generous universal public pension systems are found to be financially sustainable despite demographic change, assuming modest levels of economic growth.
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Vidler, Sacha. "Pension reform an analysis of the economic foundations of private pensions /." University of Sydney. Political Economy, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/577.
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The dissertation investigates support by economists for the global policy shift away from unfunded public pension schemes towards funded private pension schemes. Influential economists and institutions, including the World Bank, present a suite of economic arguments that suggest that this shift will have positive effects on national economies, particularly in the context of aging. The arguments may be categorised according to their relation to the operation of three sets of institutions: capital markets, labour markets and political systems. In capital markets, the transition is purported to increase private and national saving, increase the quantity and quality of investment, and provide more efficient private administration. In labour markets, it is claimed that the shift will reduce labour market distortions associated with public pensions, which inhibit competitiveness, produce unemployment and encourage early retirement. According to the World Bank, public pensions systems cause these distortions without achieving their stated objective of reducing inequality. In the political sphere, the shift is purported to insulate the pension system from political pressures, which otherwise inevitably lead to crisis. The thesis provides evidence which refutes these claims. The best research, including studies by orthodox economists, indicate that the shift does not increase savings or investment, or improve the quality of financial investment. The main effect of tax concessions associated with private pension systems is to divert to private pension funds savings that would occur in any case via other mechanisms. The tax concessions are also regressive, even in systems with compulsory elements. Private administration of pensions, particularly in a plural consumer market setting, is highly inefficient, with customers at a disadvantage in dealing with providers due to the complexity and opacity of products and pricing. A negative relationship is found between public pension spending and levels of elderly poverty, suggesting that reducing public pension spending increases levels of elderly inequality. Public pensions are found not to explain differences in economic growth between regions. Elements of system design which distort labour markets, such as by encouraging early retirement, can easily be adjusted. However, such elements are explicit government policy in several countries. A review of public and private pensions finds that examples of public system crisis are associated with instances of economic and political collapse, rather than system design. Private funded systems are found to be more vulnerable, not less, to the same external influences. Relatively generous universal public pension systems are found to be financially sustainable despite demographic change, assuming modest levels of economic growth.
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Kuo, Chao-Nan, and 郭昭男. "World Bank'' Pension Reform Proposals and its Critical Commentary." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18910698401164098312.
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Zheng, Lizhao. "Pension reform in China: under the shadow of the World Bank." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1430.
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This thesis situates the ongoing changes to pension schemes in China within the macro legal and economic conditions in that country, and contextualizes these changes in light of international influences, particularly the influence of the World Bank. Drawing on such contextualization, this thesis explores a number of related factors, including the rule of law, economic development and pension reform strategy in order to understand both the need for and flaws in pension reform in China during the past three decades.
This thesis argues that the pension system has mirrored China’s economic reforms. The marketization process that began in the late 1970s impelled China to make fundamental pension reforms. The fact that China has not yet achieved the rule of law further complicates the pension reform process. This thesis concludes that the pension reforms that have been inspired by the World Bank pension model have not been ideal reform choices for China; however, several steps on the way to fundamental reform are suggested as being worth trying in China’s current economic and legal climate.
Books on the topic "Pension reform; welfare; world bank"
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Pension reform and the development of pension systems: A evaluation of World Bank assistance. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2006.
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Sang-in, Chŏn, ed. Hanʼguk hyŏndaesa: Chinsil kwa haesŏk. Kyŏnggi-do Pʻaju-si: Nanam Chʻulpʻan, 2005.
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The Three Pillars of Wisdom? a Reader on Globalization, World Bank Pension Models and Welfare Society: A Reader on Globalization, World Bank Pension Models, and Welfare Society. Nova Science Publishers, 2002.
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Tausch, Arno. Three Pillars of Wisdom? a Reader on Globalization, World Bank Pension Models and Welfare Society. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2022.
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Financial Sector Dimensions of the Colombian Pension System (World Bank Working Papers). World Bank Publications, 2007.
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A Case for Reform: Fifty Years of the Imf & World Bank : Oxfam Insight (Oxfam Insight Series). Humanities Press Intl Inc, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pension reform; welfare; world bank"
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Bonvin, Jean-Michel, and Francesco Laruffa. "Disputing the economization and the de-politicization of ‘social’ investment in global social policy." In The Struggle for Social Sustainability, 73–88. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447356103.003.0004.
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This chapter highlights the question and limits of neoliberalism. It analyzes the ‘social’ investment (SI) perspective (focused on human capital formation) taking hold in global social policy discourses and the policy proposals advocated by international institutions like the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), as well as regional actors like the EU and the European Commission (EC) and UN Regional Commissions like the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). With this growing worldwide development, they also sense the growing economization and de-politicization of the social. The chapter first reviews the problems with the SI perspective before introducing the capability approach. It then describes social policy as an essential precondition for an effective democracy, and investigates the implications of treating welfare reform itself as a political–democratic matter. The chapter aims to highlight the differences of this conception with the SI perspective on social policy.
Conference papers on the topic "Pension reform; welfare; world bank"
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Abdulqadir Mustafa, Sanna. "The Kingdom of Norway's experience in monetary reform and exchange rate change and Iraq's access to it." In 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/icearnc/1.
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The Kingdom of Norway is a welfare state based on principles such as equality and security for all and has a responsibility to raise the living, health and economic level of the people regardless of the social status and class affiliation of the people through the existence of economic and financial institutions such as the Central Bank, which monitors the process of monetary reform and exchange rate change in terms of its legality based on the country's constitution, judiciary and finance. Monetary reform is a key pillar of the economic reform program in any country in the world, as well as in international economic bodies, because the exchange rate of a country's currency compared to other international currencies is the best proof of the strength of that country's national economy, which is important in the price system and a lever that affects the general price level and the balance of payments through its impact on exports and imports. It also affects the overall burden of the foreign indebtedness of that country, its general balance, external transfers, the state's ability to attract foreign investment, the degree of confidence in the national currency, savings and investment, and the state of the distribution of national income between different social strata and segments.
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Abdulqadir Mustafa, Sanna. ""The Kingdom of Norway's experience in monetary reform and exchange rate change and Iraq's access to it "." In 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicearnc/1.
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The Kingdom of Norway is a welfare state based on principles such as equality and security for all and has a responsibility to raise the living, health and economic level of the people regardless of the social status and class affiliation of the people through the existence of economic and financial institutions such as the Central Bank, which monitors the process of monetary reform and exchange rate change in terms of its legality based on the country's constitution, judiciary and finance. Monetary reform is a key pillar of the economic reform program in any country in the world, as well as in international economic bodies, because the exchange rate of a country's currency compared to other international currencies is the best proof of the strength of that country's national economy, which is important in the price system and a lever that affects the general price level and the balance of payments through its impact on exports and imports. It also affects the overall burden of the foreign indebtedness of that country, its general balance, external transfers, the state's ability to attract foreign investment, the degree of confidence in the national currency, savings and investment, and the state of the distribution of national income between different social strata and segments.