Relevant bibliographies by topics / Penicillium

Academic literature on the topic 'Penicillium'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Penicillium.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Penicillium"

1

Lalchhandama, Kholhring. "History of penicillin." WikiJournal of Medicine 8, no. 1 (2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15347/wjm/2021.003.

Full text
Abstract:
The history of penicillin was shaped by the contributions of numerous scientists. The ultimate result was the discovery of the mould Penicillium's antibacterial activity and the subsequent development of penicillins, the most widely used antibiotics. Following an accidental discovery of the mould, later identified as Penicillium rubens, as the source of the antibacterial principle (1928) and the production of a pure compound (1942), penicillin became the first naturally derived antibiotic. There is anecdotal evidence of ancient societies using moulds to treat infections and of awareness that various moulds inhibited bacterial growth. However, it is not clear if Penicillium species were the species traditionally used or if the antimicrobial substances produced were penicillin. In 1928, Alexander Fleming was the first to discover the antibacterial substance secreted by the Penicillium mould and concentrate the active substance involved, giving it the name penicillin. His success in treating Harry Lambert's streptococcal meningitis, an infection until then fatal, proved to be a critical moment in the medical use of penicillin. Many later scientists were involved in the stabilisation and mass production of penicillin and in the search for more productive strains of Penicillium. Among the most important were Ernst Chain and Howard Florey, who shared with Fleming the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Frisvad, J. C., O. Filtenborg, and D. T. Wicklow. "Terverticillate penicillia isolated from underground seed caches and cheek pouches of banner-tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis)." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 765–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-102.

Full text
Abstract:
Terverticillate penicillia were important colonists of the underground seed caches and the external cheek pouches of the banner-tailed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spectabilis) from the North American desert. Two taxa representing the dominant Penicillium populations are described as new varieties of well-known ubiquitous species. Penicillium chrysogenum var. dipodomyis var.nov. produces the antibiotic penicillin but does not produce mycotoxins (PR-toxin and roquefortine C) known from P. chrysogenum. The new variety is further distinguished by having rough-walled stipes. Penicillium aurantiogriseum var. neoechinulatum var.nov. isolates produce penicillic acid, viridicatin, and cyclopenin, metabolites with antibiotic properties, but not the potent nephrotoxins xanthomegnin and viomellein or tremorgenic mycotoxins (e.g., penitrem A). The variety is also distinguished by conspicuously rough-walled conidia. Three additional new varieties which do not produce mycotoxins normally associated with their species are also reported: P. griseofulvum var. dipodomyicola var.nov. produced the antibiotically active compounds patulin and griseofulvin but not cyclopiazonic acid and roquefortine C; P. glandicola var. mononematosa var.nov. and P. glandicola var. confertum var.nov. did not produce roquefortine C, penitrem A, or patulin. Infrequently isolated strains of the species P. viridicatum and P. griseofulvum duplicated the mycotoxin profiles of the cultures ex type. It is suggested that the evolution of seed-caching behaviour in D. spectabilis may have guided the selection of less-toxic terverticillate penicillia as colonists in rodent seed caches.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Frisvad, J. C. "A critical review of producers of small lactone mycotoxins: patulin, penicillic acid and moniliformin." World Mycotoxin Journal 11, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 73–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2017.2294.

Full text
Abstract:
A very large number of filamentous fungi has been reported to produce the small lactone mycotoxins patulin, penicillic acid and moniliformin. Among the 167 reported fungal producers of patulin, only production by 29 species could be confirmed. Patulin is produced by 3 Aspergillus species, 3 Paecilomyces species, 22 Penicillium species from 7 sections of Penicillium, and one Xylaria species. Among 101 reported producers of penicillic acid, 48 species could produce this mycotoxin. Penicillic acid is produced by 23 species in section Aspergillus subgenus Circumdati section Circumdati, by Malbranchea aurantiaca and by 24 Penicillium species from 9 sections in Penicillium and one species that does not actually belong to Penicillium (P. megasporum). Among 40 reported producers of moniliformin, five species have been regarded as doubtful producers of this mycotoxin or are now regarded as taxonomic synonyms. Moniliformin is produced by 34 Fusarium species and one Penicillium species. All the accepted producers of patulin, penicillic acid and moniliformin were revised according to the new one fungus – one name nomenclatural system, and the most recently accepted taxonomy of the species.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Laich, Federico, Francisco Fierro, and Juan F. Martín. "Production of Penicillin by Fungi Growing on Food Products: Identification of a Complete Penicillin Gene Cluster in Penicillium griseofulvum and a Truncated Cluster in Penicillium verrucosum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 3 (March 2002): 1211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.3.1211-1219.2002.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Mycobiota growing on food is often beneficial for the ripening and development of the specific flavor characteristics of the product, but it can also be harmful due to the production of undesirable compounds such as mycotoxins or antibiotics. Some of the fungi most frequently isolated from fermented and cured meat products such as Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium nalgiovense are known penicillin producers; the latter has been shown to be able to produce penicillin when growing on the surface of meat products and secrete it to the medium. The presence of penicillin in food must be avoided, since it can lead to allergic reactions and the arising of penicillin resistance in human-pathogenic bacteria. In this article we describe a study of the penicillin production ability among fungi of the genus Penicillium that are used as starters for cheese and meat products or that are frequently isolated from food products. Penicillium griseofulvum was found to be a new penicillin producer and to have a penicillin gene cluster similar to that of Penicillium chrysogenum. No other species among the studied fungi were found to produce penicillin or to possess the penicillin biosynthetic genes, except P. verrucosum, which contains the pcbAB gene (as shown by hybridization and PCR cloning of fragments of the gene) but lacks pcbC and penDE. Antibacterial activities due to the production of secondary metabolites other than penicillin were observed in some fungi.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Houbraken, Jos, Carlos A. López-Quintero, Jens C. Frisvad, Teun Boekhout, Bart Theelen, Ana Esperanza Franco-Molano, and Robert A. Samson. "Penicillium araracuarense sp. nov., Penicillium elleniae sp. nov., Penicillium penarojense sp. nov., Penicillium vanderhammenii sp. nov. and Penicillium wotroi sp. nov., isolated from leaf litter." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 1462–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.025098-0.

Full text
Abstract:
Several species of the genus Penicillium were isolated during a survey of the mycobiota of leaf litter and soil in Colombian Amazon forest. Five species, Penicillium penarojense sp. nov. (type strain CBS 113178T = IBT 23262T), Penicillium wotroi sp. nov. (type strain CBS 118171T = IBT 23253T), Penicillium araracuarense sp. nov. (type strain CBS 113149T = IBT 23247T), Penicillium elleniae sp. nov. (type strain CBS 118135T = IBT 23229T) and Penicillium vanderhammenii sp. nov. (type strain CBS 126216T = IBT 23203T) are described here as novel species. Their taxonomic novelty was determined using a polyphasic approach, combining phenotypic, molecular (ITS and partial β-tubulin sequences) and extrolite data. Phylogenetic analyses showed that each novel species formed a unique clade for both loci analysed and that they were most closely related to Penicillium simplicissimum, Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium daleae and Penicillium brasilianum. An overview of the phylogeny of this taxonomically difficult group is presented, and 33 species are accepted. Each of the five novel species had a unique extrolite profile of known and uncharacterized metabolites and various compounds, such as penicillic acid, andrastin A, pulvilloric acid, paxillin, paspaline and janthitrem, were commonly produced by these phylogenetically related species. The novel species had a high growth rate on agar media, but could be distinguished from each other by several macro- and microscopical characteristics.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Hardianto, Dudi, Suyanto ., Erwahyuni Endang Prabandari, Lira Windriawati, Edy Marwanta, and Tarwadi . "PENICILLIN PRODUCTION BY MUTANT OF Penicillium chrysogenum." Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) 2, no. 1 (November 17, 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v2i1.530.

Full text
Abstract:
Penisilin adalah antibiotika yang pertama kali ditemukan dan digunakan untuk pengobatan infeksi bakteri. Sejak ditemukan penisilin sebagai antibiotika oleh Alexander Fleming pada tahun 1928, banyak usaha dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas Penicillium chrysogenum. Pemuliaan galur untuk meningkatkan produksi penisilin dapat menggunakan mutasi acak secara fisika dan kimia. Pada penelitian ini, radiasi sinar ultraviolet digunakan untuk mendapatkan mutan P. chrysogenum. Produksi penisilin ditentukan menggunakan HPLC dan produktivitas mutan dibandingkan dengan induk P. chrysogenum. Mutan M12 menghasilkan penisilin 1,23 kali lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan induk P. chrysogenum.Kata kunci: Penisilin, Penicillium chrysogenum, ultraviolet, mutan, radiasi ABSTRACTPenicillin is the first antibiotic discovered and used for treatment of bacterial infections. Since the discovery of penicillin as antibiotic by Alexander Fleming in 1928, much effort has been invested to improve productivity of Penicillium chrysogenum. Strain improvement to increase the penicillin production can be carried out by physical and chemical random mutation. In this research, ultraviolet irradiation was used to obtain P. chrysogenum mutant. Penicillin production was determined by using HPLC and productivity of P. chrysogenum mutants was compared to the wild type. Mutant M12 produced 1.23 fold higher penicillin than the wild type did.Keywords: Penicillin, Penicillium chrysogenum, ultraviolet, mutant, radiation
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Andersen, S. J., and J. C. Frisvad. "Penicillin production by Penicillium nalgiovense." Letters in Applied Microbiology 19, no. 6 (December 1994): 486–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.1994.tb00988.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Zafrin, Mehnaz, Shamim Shamsi, and Md Abdullah Al Noman. "Morpho-molecular charactrization of endophytic fungi associated with aquilaria malaccensis lam." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 31, no. 1 (June 25, 2024): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v31i1.74394.

Full text
Abstract:
A total of 26 fungal isolates were identified from Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. (Agarwood). Among them Aspergillus flavus Link type-1, Aspergillus flavus Link type-2, Aspergillus niger Tiegh. type. 1, Aspergillus niger Tiegh. type. 2, Aspergillus sp. 1, Aspergillus sp. 2, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) keissl., Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Penicillum digitatum (Pers.) Sacc., Penicillium commune Thom, Penicillum italicum Wehmer, Penicillium sp. 1, Penicillium sp. 2, Penicillium sp. 3, Penicillium sp. 4, Eupenicillium sp. 1, Eupenicillium sp. 2, Sphaeropsis sp. Sacc. and Harknessia sp. Cooke. were identified by morphological analysis and Alternaria tenuissima (Kunze) Wiltshire, Alternaria palandui Ayyangar, Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb., Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl., Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & Cronus, Diaporthe hongkongensis R.R. Gomes, Glienke & Cronus and Diaporthe perseae (Zerova) R.R. Gomes, Glienke & Cronus were identifed upto genus level by morphological analysis, which were later on identified and confirmed at species level by molecular analysis. Among these isolated fungal species- Alternaria palandui, Diaporthe hongkongensis, Diaporthe perseae and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae have been reported as newly recorded species and Harknessia sp. and Sphaeropsis sp. were reported as new generic records for Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 31(1): 141-154, 2024 (June)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Pitt, J. I. "Phylogeny in the genus Penicillium: a morphologist's perspective." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (December 31, 1995): 768–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-321.

Full text
Abstract:
Great advances have taken place in our understanding of the taxonomy of Penicillium and its teleomorphs in the past 15 years. Physiological and biochemical techniques, applied in conjunction with morphology, have enabled the taxonomy of this difficult genus to approach consensus. Such information, plus existing molecular data, have been used here to construct a hypothetical phylogeny. The proposed phylogeny is based on a number of postulates, including the following: (i) evolution has proceeded from holomorph to strict anamorph; (ii) an intermediate stage exists, the sclerotigenic anamorph; (iii) Eupenicillium and Talaromyces, the Penicillium holomorphs, are of separate (though related) origin; (iv) species in Penicillium have arisen on multiple occasions from these holomorphic genera; and (v) evolution among Penicillium species is away from floccose growth and sparsely produced penicilli, away from irregular penicilli, and away from the soil habitat. Physiologically, evolution is towards growth at low temperature and low water activity and towards mycotoxin production. These and other criteria have been used to construct a hypothetical phylogeny of the major species in Talaromyces, Eupenicillium, and Penicillium, which is offered as a framework for future molecular studies. Key words: Penicillium phylogeny, taxonomy, evolution.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Frisvad, Jens C., Thomas O. Larsen, Petur W. Dalsgaard, Keith A. Seifert, Gerry Louis-Seize, E. K. Lyhne, Bruce B. Jarvis, James C. Fettinger, and David P. Overy. "Four psychrotolerant species with high chemical diversity consistently producing cycloaspeptide A, Penicillium jamesonlandense sp. nov., Penicillium ribium sp. nov., Penicillium soppii and Penicillium lanosum." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64160-0.

Full text
Abstract:
Penicillium jamesonlandense is a novel species from Greenland that grows exceptionally slowly at 25 °C and has an optimum temperature for growth of 17–18 °C. The novel species is more psychrotolerant than any other Penicillium species described to date. Isolates of this novel species produce a range of secondary metabolites with a high chemical diversity, represented by kojic acid, penicillic acid, griseofulvin, pseurotin, chrysogine, tryptoquivalins and cycloaspeptide. Penicillium ribium, another novel psychrotolerant species from the Rocky Mountains, Wyoming, USA, produces asperfuran, kojic acid and cycloaspeptide. Originally reported from an unidentified Aspergillus species isolated from Nepal, cycloaspeptide A is reported here for the first time from the two novel Penicillium species and two known psychrotolerant species with high chemical diversity, Penicillium soppii and Penicillium lanosum. All species, except P. ribium, produce a combination of cycloaspeptide and griseofulvin. However, P. ribium (3/5 strains) produced the precursor to griseofulvin, norlichexanthone. The type strain of Penicillium jamesonlandense sp. nov. is DAOM 234087T (=IBT 21984T=IBT 24411T=CBS 102888T) and the type strain of Penicillium ribium sp. nov. is DAOM 234091T (=IBT 16537T=IBT 24431T).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Penicillium"

1

Smith, David John. "A genetic study of penicillin biosynthesis in Penicillium chrysogenum." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292440.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Martínez, Benítez Eva. "Estudio de especies micotoxígenas del género Penicillium: Penicillium verrucosum Dierckx." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5598.

Full text
Abstract:
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced after growth of fungal species of different genera. This mycotoxin production can be found in different substrata, including food and feed. Nowadays there is an increasing interest in the toxigenic properties of the strains isolated from food, feed and raw materials, and in the factors that can avoid this production. Species of the genus Penicillium, together with Aspergillus and Fusarium spp., are the majority in these substrata and also the main producers of mycotoxins. Ochratoxin A is one of the more studied mycotoxins currently, having a recent legislation in the European Union, mainly due to its high toxicity and wide distribution. Its production is associated with different Aspergillus spp., and uniquely to one species of the genus Penicillium: Penicillium verrucosum. This species is principally isolated from cereals and have a wider distribution in cold climate countries.
In the present thesis, it has been evaluated the presence of Penicillium spp. in 178 samples of feed and cereal destined to animal consumption. A total of 152 strains belonging to 34 different species of the genus were isolated, dominating the species of the subgenus Penicillium. The species Penicillium aurantiogriseum has been the only one isolated from every kind of substrata tested. Penicillium verrucosum, the ochratoxin A producer species, has been isolated only from cereals, and mainly from barley.
A series of physiologic (in the culture media CREA, CSN, YES, NSA, Raulin-Thom and in a liquid culture medium with urea) and biochemical (indole) characteristics, that have been proposed during the last years as taxonomic tools for Penicillium spp., have been evaluated in a total of 298 strains. The media CREA and CSN and the biochemical test for detecting indole metabolites have obtained good results for species distinction in the genus Penicillium. In the culture medium YES, the species P. verrucosum have a violet brown colour in the reverse of the colony, but just by around a 50% of the strains. This colour seems to appear more commonly in fresh cultures than in strains subjected to numerous subcultures.
The capacity of the 298 strains of Penicillium spp. to produce different mycotoxins (aflatoxins, citrinin, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, penicillic acid and penitrem A) was also evaluated. A total of 119 strains had the ability of synthesise one or more of these mycotoxins (except for aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin and zearalenone). A percentage of the 58% of strains of P. aurantiogriseum produced penicillic acid, and the 100% of strains of P. citrinum and P. crustosum synthesised citrinin and penitrem A, respectively. An 85% of strains of P. verrucosum were producers of ochratoxin A, in different concentracions, and around the 50% of them produced the mycotoxin citrinin.
The study by the technique RAPD of the genomic DNA of P. verrucosum allowed the distinction in to groups, A and B, between the strains of the species analysed, corresponding with the two recently proposed species, P. verrucosum and P. nordicum. The study of the sequence of the fragment ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2 of the DNA codifying for the ribosomal DNA was very homogeneous between the strains of P. verrucosum assayed.
The production of the toxins ochratoxin A and citrinin by P. verrucosum was evaluated under different environmental conditions, obtaining the highest concentrations at values of water activity of 0,94 and 0,96, at temperatures between 15 and 25ºC, at a range of pH between 6 and 10 and with saccharose as carbon source (with higher concentrations of ochratoxin A than in media with fructose or glucose, and all those three media with higher concentrations of the toxins than media with wheat, corn, rice and potato starches).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Newbert, Roger William. "A genetic analysis of high titre penicillin production strains of Penicillium chrysogenum." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420327.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Karhoot, J. M. "Production of penicillin G by Penicillium chrysogenum immobilized in rotating disc fermenters." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381320.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

De, Noronha Pissarra Pedro Maria Do Carmo. "Towards a metabolic engineering approach for optimising penicillin production by penicillium chrysogeneum." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244795.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Silva, José Vinícius da. "Estudo de alterações metabólicas nos fungos endofíticos Penicillium brasilianum e Penicillium griseoroseum." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6532.

Full text
Abstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:36:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4447.pdf: 11266317 bytes, checksum: 6b1120210ec06b96c9b2a338298384a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-26
Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
Microorganisms, known as being relatively simple, have shown a great adaptation power to different nutritional situations by changing their metabolism with lack or supply of nutrients in the culture medium. This feature allows a wide range of the use of microorganisms to produce metabolites with several interests. This study has been named OSMAC (One Strain Many Compounds) approach, which was applied in this study by using two fungi from Penicillium genus. Through culture medium modification with FeCl3 during growth of P. brasilianum, it was able to produce isoquinolinic alkaloid. On the other hand, the addition of CaCl2, another alkaloid belonging to tremogenic class was isolated and analysed by spectroscopic methods. When P. griseoroseum was cultivated with NH4Br, it was observed the production of a halogenated secondary metabolite, which was not reported before (brominated roquefortine C). Analyses by GC/MS led to detect three phenolic compounds with bromine atoms in its structure. The secondary metabolites of P. griseoroseum with no modification in the culuture medium were studied and three metabolites were isolated. Two of them belong to the tetronic acid class and the other one was isolated as a dimer from clavatol. Analyses by LC/ MS-MS were able to identify other tetronic acids in the ethyl acetate extract from P. griseoroseum.
Os microorganismos, por serem de organização relativamente simples, têm um poder de grande adaptação a variadas situações nutricionais, modificando seu metabolismo com a carência ou com o fornecimento de nutrientes ao meio de cultivo. Isso permite uma ampla flexibilidade em sua utilização, podendo-se induzir microorganismos a produzir determinadas substâncias de interesse. Esta abordagem pode levar a uma variedade de novos metabólitos secundários interessantes a partir de uma única cepa de um microorganismo. Este estudo vem sendo denominado de abordagem OSMAC (One Strain Many Compounds), a qual foi utilizada no presente trabalho com dois fungos do gênero Penicillium. Foi verificado que ao modificar o meio de cultura com FeCl3 durante o crescimento de P. brasilianum houve a produção de um alcalóide isoquinolínico, enquanto com a adição de CaCl2 houve a produção de outro alcalóide pertencente à classe dos alcalóides tremogênicos. Com relação ao fungo P. griseoroseum, foi isolado um metabólito halogenado (roquefortina C contendo um átomo de bromo) quando ao meio de cultura foi adicionado NH4Br. As substâncias isoladas foram analisadas por técnicas espectroscópicas. Também foram detectados por GC/MS mais três compostos fenólicos contendo átomos de bromo em sua estrutura. O metabolismo secundário de P. griseoroseum foi analisado e foram isolados policetídeos pertencentes à classe dos ácidos tetrônicos e um dímero do clavatol, inédito na literatura. Análises por LC/MS-MS detectaram outros ácidos tetrônicos presentes no extrato de acetato de etila.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

何耀祥 and Yiu-cheung Timothy Ho. "Biotyping in Penicillium marneffei." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969732.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

White, Stewart. "Autolysis in Penicillium chrysogenum." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367044.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Ho, Yiu-cheung Timothy. "Biotyping in Penicillium marneffei." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22050310.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Adatia, Remy. "The nephrotoxins of Penicillium aurantiogriseum." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46637.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Penicillium"

1

1937-, Peberdy John F., ed. Penicillium and acremonium. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Nielsen, Jens Høiriis. Physiological engineering aspects of penicillium chrysogenum. [Denmark]: Polyteknisk forlag, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Peberdy, John F., ed. Penicillium and Acremonium. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1986-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

1937-, Peberdy John F., ed. Penicilliumand acremonium. New York: Plenum, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

A, Samson Robert, and Pitt John I, eds. Integration of modern taxonomic methods for penicillium and aspergillus classification. Australia: Harwood Academicn Publishers, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Samson, Robert A., and John I. Pitt, eds. Advances in Penicillium and Aspergillus Systematics. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1856-0.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

International Penicillium and Aspergillus Workshop (1st 1985 Trippenhuis of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences and letters). Advances in penicillium and aspergillus systematics. New York: Plenum Press, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Pitt, John I. A laboratory guide to common penicillium species. 3rd ed. North Ryde, N.S.W., Australia: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Division of Food Processing, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Samson, Robert A., and John I. Pitt, eds. Modern Concepts in Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3579-3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Paul, Gopal Chandra. Image analysis for characterising Penicillium chrysogenum differentiation. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Penicillium"

1

Rimek, Dagmar. "Penicillium marneffei." In Lexikon der Infektionskrankheiten des Menschen, 625–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39026-8_823.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Williams, Anthony P., and John I. Pitt. "A Revised Key to Penicillium Subgenus Penicillium." In Advances in Penicillium and Aspergillus Systematics, 129–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1856-0_13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Supparatpinyo, Khuanchai, and Thira Sirisanthana. "Penicillium marneffei Infections." In Atlas of Infectious Diseases, 171–80. London: Current Medicine Group, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9313-0_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Bermúdez, Elena, Félix Núñez, Josué Delgado, and Miguel A. Asensio. "Penicillium and Talaromyces." In Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 555–75. Boca Raton : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 2017. | Series: Food microbiology series: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120089-35.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Chen, Sharon C. A., Tania C. Sorrell, and Wieland Meyer. "Aspergillus and Penicillium." In Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 2030–56. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817381.ch119.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Pitt, John I., and Ailsa D. Hocking. "Penicillium and Talaromyces." In Fungi and Food Spoilage, 231–349. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85640-3_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Onions, A. H. S., and B. L. Brady. "Taxonomy of Penicillium and Acremonium." In Penicillium and Acremonium, 1–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1986-1_1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Moss, Maurice O. "Morphology and Physiology of Penicillium and Acremonium." In Penicillium and Acremonium, 37–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1986-1_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Saunders, G., and G. Holt. "Genetics of the Penicillia." In Penicillium and Acremonium, 73–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1986-1_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Peberdy, J. F. "Genetics of Acremonium." In Penicillium and Acremonium, 93–111. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1986-1_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Penicillium"

1

Souza, Janaina Rodrigues, BRUNO REIS MOREIRA NACANO, FRANCO CLAUDIO BONETTI, and LUIZ CARLOS BARONE. "MENINGITE CAUSADA POR PENICILLIUM." In IV Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências Biológicas On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/conbracib2023/16936.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lucas, M. Domenech, C. Vázquez Estévez, M. T. González-Jaén, and B. Patiño Álvarez. "Biocontrol of Penicillium expansum with yeast." In Proceedings of the III International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2009). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814322119_0079.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

OLIVEIRA, ISABELA SIMÕES, Geovana de Oliveira dos Santos, Ana Carolina Tribulato Polvani, Daniel Rosa Almeida Luiz, and Fabiana Guillen Moreira Gasparin. "Produção de Amilases por Penicillium sp." In Simpósio de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia. Londrina - PR, Brazil: Galoa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/simbbtec-2017-80888.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

LIMA, R. C., H. N. L. SILVA, and L. M. PINOTTI. "PRODUÇÃO DE LIPASES POR Penicillium sp." In X Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobec-ic-07-eb-138.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

LACERDA, J. X., and L. M. PINOTTI. "PRODUÇÃO DE CELULASES POR PENICILLIUM SP." In XI Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química em Iniciação Científica. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeqic2015-052-31993-242947.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ahmed MAHMOOD, Abeer. "ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF AIR BORNE FUNGI IN HOUSE 'S ROOMS OF MOSUL CITY AND RELATION OF SENSITIVITY DISEASES." In VI.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress6-50.

Full text
Abstract:
This study was conducted to isolate fungi from air of (bedroom, kitchen and sitting room) of two (2) houses in fifteen (15) areas of east and west side of Mosul city which largest in the north of Iraq. A total of 165 fungal colonies (88in west,77 in east) were isolated ,the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Heliminthosporium, Stemphylium, Botrytis. Penicillium was most prevalent fungal genera 38% in Wadihajar and the 10% in Masarif ,also Aspergillus 14% in east side and 6% in old city of west side of Mosul then Alternaria with rate of 5% in Masarif , 4% in old city and Cladosporium in Wadihajar, Khadraa with rate 3%, in each other .Using Czapek yeast extract(CYA), Malt extract agar(MEA) and 25% Glycerol nitrate agar (G25N)showed Penicillium italicum was most fungal species recorded in Wadihajar(22colonies in bedroom)Also, Penicillium digitatum was recorded in Wadihajar and Yarmouk, Aspergillus niger dominant in Masarif (4 in bedroom and sitting room in same house). . Generally, Wadihajar and Amil district were most contaminated in east and Masarif, Hadba in west reflexes of that 50- 40% of People in Masarif ,50- 16.6% in Muhandisin in east side of Mosul and 28.5% in Yarmouk district in west side suffered from respiratory allergic disease.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Rastimesina, Inna, Olga Postolachi, Valentina Josan, Alina Cotoman, and Vera Mamaliga. "Screening of low density polyethylene degrading microorganisms." In National Scientific Symposium With International Participation: Modern Biotechnologies – Solutions to the Challenges of the Contemporary World. Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52757/imb21.003.

Full text
Abstract:
Bacteria, actinobacteria, and micromycetes stored in the National Collection of NonPathogenic Microorganisms (CNMN) were assessed for the capacity to grow and degrade LDPE. There were tested 15 strains of bacteria from genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Rhodococcus, and 15 strains of micromycetes from genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. Among the studied bacterial strains, actinobacteria were more effective in LDPE degradation than bacilli and Pseudomonas spp. The members of genus Penicillium, in comparing with Aspergillus spp., degraded LDPE more actively.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Marcondes Camargo, Lucas, Ricardo de Sousa Rodrigues, Michael da Conceição de Castro, Josiane Geraldelo da Silva, Patrícia Salomão Garcia, Milena Martins Andrade, and Alessandra Machado Baron. "Produção e extração de lipases de Penicillium corylophilum." In Simpósio de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia. Londrina - PR, Brazil: Galoa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/simbbtec-2017-80914.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Mahdi JABIR, Dhuha, Saba abdulameer Kadhim AL- ZIADI, and Ahmed Abdulameer KADHIM. "INHIBITORY EFFECT OF SOME COMMERCIAL DETERGENTS ON FUNGI ISOLATED FROM INDOOR AIR." In IV.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Appliedand Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress4-27.

Full text
Abstract:
The present study was aimed to investigate about the inhibitory effect of some detergents spread in the Iraqi markets contain a group of fungi that pollute the air of homes for this purpose a group of indoor air pollutant fungi of the following species have been isolated such as(Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, F.oxysporum, Mucore sp., Rhizopus stolanifer and Penicillium) .The species (Penicillium, Fusarium solani, and Aspergillus niger) isolated from six houses chosen randomly in variant residential neighborhoods were selected to test the ability of some commercial deteragent handwashing liquid Ays trade mark, white bleach(sodium hypochlorate) and Al Emlaq super jel(multi uses cleaning jell), which were randomly tested from the local markets of Diwaniyah city in inhibiting their growth, the results showed that Ays brand hand wash did not affect the fungus Penicillium at any concentration of the concentrations used in the study, while it had an inhibitory effect on the other two air pollutant fungi (Fusarium solani, and Aspergillus niger) while hypochlorite sodium and Al Emlaq super jel were effective on all fungi used in the study
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ohta, Takayuki, Sachiko Iseki, Masafumi Ito, and Masaru Hori. "Inactivation mechanism of Penicillium digitatum using atmospheric pressure plasma." In 2010 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2010.5685967.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Penicillium"

1

Bender, Karen, Floortje Tilli, Khanh Pham, and Joop de Hoog. Hyacint antagonisten tegen roet en Penicillium. Wageningen: Wageningen Plant Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/655100.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Droby, Samir, Tim R. Gottwald, Richard Stange, Efraim Lewinsohn, and T. Gregory McCollum. Characterization of the biochemical basis of host specificity of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum on citrus fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587726.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
l. This research demonstrates that citrus fruit volatiles play an important role in host recognition by P. digitatum and P. italicum. 2. Volatiles derived from non-host fruits and vegetables (apple, pear, tomato, pepper, strawberry and avocado) had no effect on promotion of spore germination and growth of citrus pathogens. 3. Citrus volatiles have a specific stimulatory effect solely on P. digitatum and P. italicum. Non-citrus pathogens such as P. expansum and B. cinerea not affected orinhibited by the volatile materials. The specific stimulatory effect of fruit peelvolatiles on citrus pathogens and inhibitory effect on non-pathogens indicateimport ant role of volatile compounds in the host selectivity of citrus postharvestpathogens. 4. Comparative CG-MS quantification was per formed and identification of volatileconstituents of citrus commercial oils, peel extracts and the headspace of thewounded fruits was completed. Monoterpenehydrocarbons (limonene, a-pinene,sabinene, and myrcene) were the most abundant in all volatiles regardless of thesource. 5. Our results demonstrated stimulation of germination and germ tube growth in both P. digitatum and P. italicum by limonene, myrcene, a-pinene, and b-pinene). Limonenewas show n to be the most efficient in induction of germination and growth in bothpathogens. 6. P. digitatum spores placed on the surface of lemon fruit, adjacent to a wounded oil gland, were induced to germinate and grow, thus supporting all the in vitro results and demonstrating that the phenomenon of stimulation of germination and growth occurs on the fruit. 7. We established that P. digitatum is capable of biotransformation of limonene to a terpineol. a-terpinel was proved to be involved in induction of fungal sporulation process. 8. Chemotropism (directional growth) of P. digitatum towards the volatiles released from the oil glands on fruit surface was demonstrated. 9. Citrus germplasm screening work for fruit susceptibility/resistance for P. digitatum infection showed no definitive results regarding host range and susceptibility.Although the sour orange selections appear to show higher resistance to infection and decay development. 10. We demonstrated that P. expansum, non citrus pathogen, is capable of germinating in citrus fruit surface wounds, but it strongly induced host resistance mechanisms which restrict it growth and prevented decay development. The host (citrus fruit) reacted strongly by production of ROS. On the other hand, P. digitatum seems to actively suppress host natural resistance mechanisms possibly through inhibiting the production of ROS production.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Prusky, Dov, Nancy P. Keller, and Amir Sherman. global regulation of mycotoxin accumulation during pathogenicity of Penicillium expansum in postharvest fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600012.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Background to the topic- Penicilliumas a postharvest pathogen and producer of the mycotoxin PAT. Penicilliumspp. are destructive phytopathogens, capable of causing decay in many deciduous fruits, during postharvest handling and storage; and the resulting losses can amount to 10% of the stored produce and the accumulation of large amounts of the mycotoxinpatulin. The overall goal of this proposal is to identify critical host and pathogen factors that modulate P. expansummycotoxin genes and pathways which are required for PAT production and virulence. Our preliminary results indicated that gluconic acid are strongly affecting patulin accumulation during colonization. P. expansumacidifies apple fruit tissue during colonization in part through secretion of gluconic acid (GLA). Several publications suggested that GLA accumulation is an essential factor in P. expansumpathogenicity. Furthermore, down regulation of GOX2 significantly reduced PAT accumulation and pathogenicity. PAT is a polyketide and its biosynthesis pathway includes a 15-gene cluster. LaeA is a global regulator of mycotoxin synthesis. It is now known that patulin synthesis might be subjected to LaeA and sometimes by environmental sensing global regulatory factors including the carbon catabolite repressor CreA as well as the pH regulator factor PacC and nitrogen regulator AreA. The mechanisms by which LaeA regulates patulin synthesis was not fully known and was part of our work. Furthermore, the regulatory system that controls gene expression in accordance with ambient pH was also included in our work. PacC protein is in an inactive conformation and is unable to bind to the promoter sites of the target genes; however, under alkaline growth conditions activated PacC acts as both an activator of alkaline-expressed genes and a repressor of acid-expressed genes. The aims of the project- This project aims to provide new insights on the roles of LaeA and PacC and their signaling pathways that lead to GLA and PAT biosynthesis and pathogenicity on the host. Specifically, our specific aims were: i) To elucidate the mechanism of pH-controlled regulation of GLA and PAT, and their contribution to pathogenesis of P. expansum. We are interested to understanding how pH and/or GLA impact/s under PacC regulation affect PAT production and pathogenesis. ii) To characterize the role of LaeA, the global regulator of mycotoxin production, and its effect on PAT and PacC activity. iii) To identify the signaling pathways leading to GLA and PAT synthesis. Using state- of-the-art RNAseq technologies, we will interrogate the transcriptomes of laeAand pacCmutants, to identify the common signaling pathways regulating synthesis of both GLA and PAT. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements- In our first Aim our results demonstrated that ammonia secreted at the leading edge of the fungal colony induced transcript activation of the global pH modulator PacC and PAT accumulation in the presence of GLA. We assessed these parameters by: (i) direct exogenous treatment of P. expansumgrowing on solid medium; (ii) direct exogenous treatment on colonized apple tissue; (iii) growth under self-ammonia production conditions with limited carbon; and (iv) analysis of the transcriptional response to ammonia of the PAT biosynthesis cluster. Ammonia induced PAT accumulation concurrently with the transcript activation of pacCand PAT biosynthesis cluster genes, indicating the regulatory effect of ammonia on pacCtranscript expression under acidic conditions. Transcriptomic analysis of pH regulated processes showed that important genes and BARD Report - Project 4773 Page 2 of 10 functionalities of P. expansumwere controlled by environmental pH. The differential expression patterns of genes belonging to the same gene family suggest that genes were selectively activated according to their optimal environmental conditions to enable the fungus to cope with varying conditions and to make optimal use of available enzymes. Concerning the second and third Aims, we demonstrated that LaeA regulates several secondary metabolite genes, including the PAT gene cluster and concomitant PAT synthesis invitro. Virulence studies of ΔlaeAmutants of two geographically distant P. expansumisolates (Pe-21 from Israel and Pe-T01 from China) showed differential reduction in disease severity in freshly harvested fruit ranging from no reduction for Ch-Pe-T01 strains in immature fruit to 15–25% reduction for both strains in mature fruit, with the ΔlaeAstrains of Is-Pe-21 always showing a greater loss in virulence. Results suggest the importance of LaeA regulation of PAT and other secondary metabolites on pathogenicity. Our work also characterized for the first time the role of sucrose, a key nutritional factor present in apple fruit, as a negative regulator of laeAexpression and consequent PAT production in vitro. This is the first report of sugar regulation of laeAexpression, suggesting that its expression may be subject to catabolite repression by CreA. Some, but not all of the 54 secondary metabolite backbone genes in the P. expansumgenome, including the PAT polyketide backbone gene, were found to be regulated by LaeA. Together, these findings enable for the first time a straight analysis of a host factor that potentially activates laeAand subsequent PAT synthesis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Mejía, Cindy, Liz Uribe, Alba Marina Cotes, and Jimmy Zapata. Caracterización fisiológica y actividad biocontroladora de levaduras filosféricas sobre Penicillium digitatum en poscosecha de naranja. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2012.8.

Full text
Abstract:
El moho verde causado por Penicillium digitatum es la enfermedad más limitante en la postcosecha de cítricos. Dado que los conidios del hongo están en el aire éste puede afectar los frutos en la precosecha, en la planta de empaque, durante el transporte, en el almacenamiento y en el mercado. Dentro de los microorganismos utilizados como agentes de control biológico, las levaduras se destacan por su versatilidad fisiológica, ya que asimilan una gran variedad de sustratos (Andrews y Back, 2004). Igualmente colonizan y se reproducen rápidamente sobre la superficie vegetal y toleran condiciones ambientales adversas (Elad 1996; Mercier y Lindow, 2000). El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar fisiológicamente 21 accesiones de levaduras nativas y seleccionar las que presentaran alta actividad biocontroladora sobre Penicillium digitatum, con miras al desarrollo futuro de un bioplaguicida para el control de enfermedades en poscosecha.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Sionov, Edward, Nancy Keller, and Shiri Barad-Kotler. Mechanisms governing the global regulation of mycotoxin production and pathogenicity by Penicillium expansum in postharvest fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7604292.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The original objectives of the study, as defined in the approved proposal, are: To characterize the relationship of CreA and LaeA in regulation of P T production To understand how PacC modulates P. expansumpathogenicity on apples To examine if other secondary metabolites are involved in virulence or P. expansumfitness To identify the signaling pathways leading to PAT synthesis Penicilliumexpansum, the causal agent of blue mould rot, is a critical health concern because of the production of the mycotoxinpatulin (PAT) in colonized apple fruit tissue. Although PAT is produced by many Penicilliumspecies, the factors activating its biosynthesis were not clear. This research focused on host and fungal mechanisms of activation of LaeA (the global regulator of secondary metabolism), PacC (the global pH modulator) and CreA (the global carbon catabolite regulator) on PAT synthesis with intention to establish P. expansumas the model system for understanding mycotoxin synthesis in fruits. The overall goal of this proposal is to identify critical host and pathogen factors that mechanistically modulate P. expansumgenes and pathways to control activation of PAT production and virulence in host. Several fungal factors have been correlated with disease development in apples, including the production of PAT, acidification of apple tissue by the fungus, sugar content and the global regulator of secondary metabolism and development, LaeA. An increase in sucrose molarity in the culture medium from 15 to 175 mM negatively regulated laeAexpression and PAT accumulation, but, conversely, increased creAexpression, leading to the hypothesis that CreA could be involved in P. expansumPAT biosynthesis and virulence, possibly through the negative regulation of LaeA. We found evidence for CreAtranscriptional regulation of laeA, but this was not correlated with PAT production either in vitro or in vivo, thus suggesting that CreA regulation of PAT is independent of LaeA. Our finding that sucrose, a key ingredient of apple fruit, regulates PAT synthesis, probably through suppression of laeAexpression, suggests a potential interaction between CreA and LaeA, which may offer control therapies for future study. We have also identified that in addition to PAT gene cluster, CreA regulates other secondary metabolite clusters, including citrinin, andrastin, roquefortine and communesins, during pathogenesis or during normal fungal growth. Following creation of P. expansumpacCknockout strain, we investigated the involvement of the global pH regulator PacC in fungal pathogenicity. We demonstrated that disruption of the pH signaling transcription factor PacC significantly decreased the virulence of P. expansumon deciduous fruits. This phenotype is associated with an impairment in fungal growth, decreased accumulation of gluconic acid and reduced synthesis of pectolytic enzymes. We showed that glucose oxidase- encoding gene, which is essential for gluconic acid production and acidification during fruit colonization, was significantly down regulated in the ΔPepacCmutant, suggesting that gox is PacC- responsive gene. We have provided evidence that deletion of goxgene in P. expansumled to a reduction in virulence toward apple fruits, further indicating that GOX is a virulence factor of P. expansum, and its expression is regulated by PacC. It is also clear from the present data that PacC in P. expansumis a key factor for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, such as PAT. On the basis of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis and physiological experimentation, the P. expansumΔlaeA, ΔcreAand ΔpacCmutants were unable to successfully colonize apples for a multitude of potential mechanisms including, on the pathogen side, a decreased ability to produce proteolytic enzymes and to acidify the environment and impaired carbon/nitrogen metabolism and, on the host side, an increase in the oxidative defence pathways. Our study defines these global regulatory factors and their downstream signalling pathways as promising targets for the development of strategies to fight against this post-harvest pathogen.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Wisniewski, Michael, Samir Droby, John Norelli, Dov Prusky, and Vera Hershkovitz. Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of postharvest decay resistance in Malus sieversii and the identification of pathogenicity effectors in Penicillium expansum. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597928.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Use of Lqh2 mutants (produced at TAU) and rNav1.2a mutants (produced at the US side) for identifying receptor site-3: Based on the fact that binding of scorpion alpha-toxins is voltage-dependent, which suggests toxin binding at the mobile voltage-sensing region, we analyzed which of the toxin bioactive domains (Core-domain or NC-domain) interacts with the DIV Gating-module of rNav1.2a. This analysis was based on the assumption that the dissociation of toxin mutants upon depolarization would vary from that of the unmodified toxin should the substitutions affect a site of interaction with the channel Gating-module. Using a series of toxin mutants (mutations at both domains) and two channel mutants that were shown to reduce the sensitivity to scorpion alpha-toxins, and by comparison of depolarization-driven dissociation of Lqh2 derivatives off their binding site at rNav1.2a mutant channels we found that the toxin Core-domain interacts with the Gating-module of DIV. Details of the experiments and results appear in Guret al (2011). Mapping receptor site 3 at Nav1.2a by extensive channel mutagenesis (Seattle): Since previous studies with photoaffinity labeling and antibody mapping implicated domains I and IV in scorpion alpha-toxin binding, Nav1.2 channel mutants containing substitutions at these extracellular regions were expressed and tested for receptor function by whole-cell voltage clamp. Of a large number of channel mutants, T1560A, F1610A, and E1613A in domain IV had ~5.9-, ~10.7-, and ~3.9-fold lower affinities for the scorpion toxin Lqh2, respectively, and mutant E1613R had 73-fold lower affinity. Toxin dissociation was accelerated by depolarization for both wild-type and mutants, and the rates of dissociation were also increased by mutations T1560A, F1610A and E1613A. In contrast, association rates for these three mutant channels at negative membrane potentials were not significantly changed and were not voltage-dependent. These results indicated that Thr1560 in the S1-S2 loop, Phe1610 in the S3 segment, and Glu1613 in the S3-S4 loop in domain IV participate in toxin binding. T393A in the SS2-S6 loop in domain I also showed a ~3.4-fold lower affinity for Lqh2, indicating that this extracellular loop may form a secondary component of the toxin binding site. Analysis with the Rosetta-Membrane algorithm revealed a three-dimensional model of Lqh2 binding to the voltage sensor in a resting state. In this model, amino acid residues in an extracellular cleft formed by the S1-S2 and S3-S4 loops in domain IV that are important for toxin binding interact with amino acid residues on two faces of the wedge-shaped Lqh2 molecule that are important for toxin action. The conserved gating charges in the S4 transmembrane segment are in an inward position and likely form ion pairs with negatively charged amino acid residues in the S2 and S3 segments (Wang et al 2011; Gurevitz 2012; Gurevitzet al 2013).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Wisniewski, Michael E., Samir Droby, John L. Norelli, Noa Sela, and Elena Levin. Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of postharvest decay resistance in Malus sieversii and the characterization of pathogenicity effectors in Penicillium expansum. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600013.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Blue mold of apple caused by Penicilliumexpansumis a major postharvest disease. Selection for postharvest disease resistance in breeding programs has been ignored in favor of fruit quality traits such as size, color, taste, etc. The identification of postharvest disease resistance as a heritable trait would represent a significant accomplishment and has not been attempted in apple. Furthermore, insight into the biology of the pathogenicity of P. expansumin apple could provide new approaches to postharvest decay management. Hypothesis: Postharvest resistance of apple to P. expansumcan be mapped to specific genetic loci and significant quantitative-trait-loci (QTLs) can be identified that account for a major portion of the population variance. Susceptibility of apple fruit to P. expansumis dependent on the ability of the pathogen to produce LysM effectors that actively suppress primary and/or secondary resistance mechanisms in the fruit. Objectives: 1) Identify QTL(s) and molecular markers for blue mold resistance in GMAL4593 mapping population (‘Royal Gala’ X MalussieversiiPI613981), 2) Characterize the transcriptome of the host and pathogen (P. expansum) during the infection process 3) Determine the function of LysM genes in pathogenicity of P. expansum. Methods: A phenotypic evaluation of blue mold resistance in the GMAL4593 mapping population, conducted in several different years, will be used for QTL analysis (using MapQTL 6.0) to identify loci associated with blue mold resistance. Molecular markers will be developed for the resistance loci. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq will be used to conduct a time course study of gene expression in resistant and susceptible apple GMAL4593 genotypes in response to P. expansum, as well as fungal responses to both genotypes. Candidate resistance genes identified in the transcriptomic study and or bioinformatic analysis will be positioned in the ‘Golden Delicious’ genome to identify markers that co-locate with the identified QTL(s). A functional analysis of LysM genes on pathogenicity will be conducted by eliminating or reducing the expression of individual effectors by heterologous recombination and silencing technologies. LysMeffector genes will also be expressed in a yeast expression system to study protein function. Expected Results: Identification of postharvest disease resistance QTLs and tightly-linked genetic markers. Increased knowledge of the role of effectors in blue mold pathogenic
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Droby, Samir, Michael Wisniewski, Ron Porat, and Dumitru Macarisin. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Tritrophic Interactions in Postharvest Biocontrol Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7594390.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
To elucidate the role of ROS in the tri-trophic interactions in postharvest biocontrol systems a detailed molecular and biochemical investigation was undertaken. The application of the yeast biocontrol agent Metschnikowia fructicola, microarray analysis was performed on grapefruit surface wounds using an Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip. the data indicated that 1007 putative unigenes showed significant expression changes following wounding and yeast application relative to wounded controls. The expression of the genes encoding Respiratory burst oxidase (Rbo), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), G-proteins, chitinase (CHI), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL). In contrast, three genes, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were down-regulated in grapefruit peel tissue treated with yeast cells. The yeast antagonists, Metschnikowia fructicola (strain 277) and Candida oleophila (strain 182) generate relatively high levels of super oxide anion (O2−) following its interaction with wounded fruit surface. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy we observed that the application of M. fructicola and C. oleophila into citrus and apple fruit wounds correlated with an increase in H2O2 accumulation in host tissue. The present data, together with our earlier discovery of the importance of H₂O₂ production in the defense response of citrus flavedo to postharvest pathogens, indicate that the yeast-induced oxidative response in fruit exocarp may be associated with the ability of specific yeast species to serve as biocontrol agents for the management of postharvest diseases. Effect of ROS on yeast cells was also studied. Pretreatment of the yeast, Candida oleophila, with 5 mM H₂O₂ for 30 min (sublethal) increased yeast tolerance to subsequent lethal levels of oxidative stress (50 mM H₂O₂), high temperature (40 °C), and low pH (pH 4). Suppression subtractive hybridization analysis was used to identify genes expressed in yeast in response to sublethal oxidative stress. Transcript levels were confirmed using semi quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Seven antioxidant genes were up regulated. Pretreatment of the yeast antagonist Candida oleophila with glycine betaine (GB) increases oxidative stress tolerance in the microenvironment of apple wounds. ROS production is greater when yeast antagonists used as biocontrol agents are applied in the wounds. Compared to untreated control yeast cells, GB-treated cells recovered from the oxidative stress environment of apple wounds exhibited less accumulation of ROS and lower levels of oxidative damage to cellular proteins and lipids. Additionally, GB-treated yeast exhibited greater biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea, and faster growth in wounds of apple fruits compared to untreated yeast. The expression of major antioxidant genes, including peroxisomal catalase, peroxiredoxin TSA1, and glutathione peroxidase was elevated in the yeast by GB treatment. A mild heat shock (HS) pretreatment (30 min at 40 1C) improved the tolerance of M. fructicola to subsequent high temperature (45 1C, 20–30 min) and oxidative stress (0.4 mol-¹) hydrogen peroxide, 20–60 min). HS-treated yeast cells showed less accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than non-treated cells in response to both stresses. Additionally, HS-treated yeast exhibited significantly greater (P≥0.0001) biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and a significantly faster (Po0.0001) growth rate in wounds of apple fruits stored at 25 1C compared with the performance of untreated yeast cells. Transcription of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (TPS1) was up regulated in response to HS and trehalose content also increased.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Li, Yuan, Benjamin Metcalf, Sopio Chochua, Zhongya Li, Robert Gertz, Hollis Walker, Paulina Hawkins, Theresa Tran, Lesley McGee, and Bernard W. Beall. Validation of β-lactam minimum inhibitory concentration predictions for pneumococcal isolates with newly encountered penicillin binding protein (PBP) sequences [Supporting data]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc/147467.

Full text
Abstract:
The datafiles, R scripts, MIC tables, and other files were used to evaluate the prediction performance of a penicillin-binding protein (PBP) typing system and two methods (Random Forest (RF) and Mode MIC (MM) previously developed by this research team. This data and these files support the finding of the paper "Validation of β-lactam minimum inhibitory concentration predictions for pneumococcal isolates with newly encountered penicillin binding protein (PBP) sequences" at https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12864-017-4017-7 or at https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/47684.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Chalutz, Edo, Michael Wisniewski, Samir Droby, Yael Eilam, and Ilan Chet. Mode of Action of Yeast Biocontrol Agents of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613025.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
In a previous BARD-supported study, three of the investigators of this research were involved in a study on biological control of postharvest diseases of citrus and deciduous fruits. Several naturally occurring, non-antibiotic producing yeast antagonists were identified. Application of some of these antagonists resulted in very high levels of biocontrol under laboratory conditions but lower efficacy in semi-commercial tests. It was felt that the lack of knowledge on the mode of action of the biocontrol agents was limiting their efficient use. The current study was aimed at narrowing this gap in our knowledge. Two specific objectives were outlined: to study the mechanism by which calcium salts enhance biocontrol activity and to determine the role, if any, of the yeast extracellular materials and/or enzymes which degrade fungal cell walls during the interaction between the antagonists, the pathogen and the host. CaCl2 but not MgCl2, inhibited spore germination, and germ-tube elongation of Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and P. digitatum in culture. It also inhibited the pectinolytic activity of the pathogens. Biocontrol of apple decay by isolate 182 of Candida oleophila, an effective biocontrol agent, was enhanced by the addition of CaCl2 whereas there was no effect on the biocontrol activity of isolate 247 of this yeast. Similarly, CaCl2 enhanced efficacy of the US-7 isolate of Pichia guilliermondii in reducing infection of P. digitatum in citrus fruit. CaCl2 by itself also reduced the infection of peel wounds and stimulated ethylene production by grapefruit peel. This antagonist exhibited a very high ability to maintain cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis when exposed to high CaCl2 concentrations. It is postulated, therefore, that enhanced biocontrol activity by calcium is the result of direct inhibition of the pathogen by calcium ions on spore germination and metabolism and indirectly due to the ability of the biocontrol agent to maintain normal metabolism in the presence of high levels of calcium. The extracellular materials produced by P. guilliermondii in culture and on the fruit inhibited, at low concentrations, the pathogen in culture and reduced percent infection of the fruit. The direct inhibition of the pathogen by these materials may thus be involved in the mode of action of the antagonist. This study contributed to our knowledge on the action of calcium salts and the yeast antagonist extracellular materials on biocontrol activity and will contribute to a more efficient use of this technology in the control of postharvest diseases of fruits.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Penicillium' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography