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Journal articles on the topic 'Pendulum Wave Energy Converter'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Aminuddin, Jamrud, Mukhtar Effendi, Nurhayati Nurhayati, Agustina Widiyani, Pakhrur Razi, Wihantoro Wihantoro, Abdullah Nur Aziz, et al. "Numerical Analysis of Energy Converter for Wave Energy Power Generation-Pendulum System." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 9, no. 2 (April 20, 2020): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.9.2.255-261.

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The wave energy power generation-pendulum system (WEPG-PS) is a four-wheeled instrument designed to convert wave power into electric energy. The first wheel is connected to the pendulum by a double freewheel, the second and third are ordinary wheels, while the fourth is a converter component that is axially connected to the electric generator. This design used the Euler-Lagrange formalism and Runge-Kutta method to examine an ideal dimension and determine the numerical solution of the equation of motion related to the rotation speed of the wheels. The result showed that the WEPG-PS' converter system rotated properly when its mass, length, and moment of inertia are 10 kg, 2.0 m, and 0.25 kgm2, respectively. This is in addition to when the radius of the first, second, third, and fourth wheels are 0.5, 0.4, 0.2, and 0.01 m, with inertia values of 0.005, 0.004, 0.003, and 0.1 kgm2. The converter system has the ability to rotate the fourth wheel, which acts as the handle of an electric generator at an angular frequency of approximately 500 - 600 rad/s. The converter system is optimally rotated when driven by a minimum force of 5 N and maximum friction of 0.05. Therefore, the system is used to generate electricity at an amplitude of 0.3 - 0.61 m, 220 V with 50 Hz. Besides, the lower rotation speed and frequency of the energy converter of the WEPG-PS (300 rad/s) and induction generator (50 Hz) were able to generate electric power of 7.5 kW. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

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2

Nicola, Pozzi, Bracco Giovanni, Passione Biagio, Sirigu Sergej Antonello, Vissio Giacomo, Mattiazzo Giuliana, and Sannino Gianmaria. "Wave Tank Testing of a Pendulum Wave Energy Converter 1:12 Scale Model." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 02 (March 2017): 1750024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117500247.

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Wave Energy is a widespread, reliable renewable energy source. The early study on Wave Energy dates back in the 70’s, with a particular effort in the last and present decade to make Wave Energy Converters (WECs) more profitable and predictable. The PeWEC (Pendulum Wave Energy Converter) is a pendulum-based WEC. The research activities described in the present work aim to develop a pendulum converter for the Mediterranean Sea, where waves are shorter, thus with a higher frequency compared to the ocean waves, a characteristic well agreeing with the PeWEC frequency response. The mechanical equations of the device are developed and coupled with the hydrodynamic Cummins equation. The work deals with the design and experimental tank test of a 1:12 scale prototype. The experimental data recorded during the testing campaign are used to validate the numerical model previously described. The numerical model proved to be in good agreement with the experiments.

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3

Hantoro, Ridho, Erna Septyaningrum, Yusuf Rifqi Hudaya, and I. Ketut Aria Pria Utama. "STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR TRIMARAN PONTOON ARRAY IN WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER – PENDULUM SYSTEM (WEC - PS)." Brodogradnja 73, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/brod73304.

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Ocean waves are a renewable energy source with abundant reserves in Indonesia. With the vast waters of Indonesia, the development of a sea wave power plant needs to be developed. This research focuses on the development of easy-operated and maintained ocean wave converter–pendulum system (OWC – PS). The numerical simulation and experimental analysis were conducted to obtain the relation between the motion response of the pontoon array and its pendulum. The pontoon used is the trimaran type, which consists of a cylindrical pontoon as the main hull and two outriggers on its side. This study analyses the most stable array arrangement that produces maximum pitching motion and pendulum deviation. The simulation results show that the largest pitching value is in array 1, i.e., 27.91° for pontoon 1 and 38.92° for pontoon 2, which results in a maximum pendulum deviation of 100 ° for pendulums 1 and 56.2 ° for pendulum 2 over a wave period of 9 seconds. The backward motion of the pendulum in both array configurations tends to have a greater deviation than that of the forward motion. The pendulums of array 1 have different motion characteristics, represented by different deviation values in both pendulums. This phenomenon does not occur in array 2, since both pendulums in array 2 have the same deviation (with only a small discrepancy).

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4

Yurchenko, Daniil, and Panagiotis Alevras. "Parametric pendulum based wave energy converter." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 99 (January 2018): 504–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.06.026.

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5

Cao, Shou Qi, Shu Man Fu, and Zi Yue Wu. "Analysis of Hydrodynamic Model of Wave Energy Converter of Inverse Pendulum." Applied Mechanics and Materials 483 (December 2013): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.483.223.

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The efficiency analysis of wave energy collection and conversion is crucial for utility of wave energy of inverse pendulum. In the paper, we build the hydrodynamic model of interaction between pendulum and wave in wave energy converter of inverse pendulum. On the basis of this typical model, we choose the actual wave condition of some sea area in the east of China as the background, research the hydrodynamic property of pendulum by numerical simulation with fluent software, get the relation curve of between the rotation angle of pendulum and moment of wave force with time, and acquire energy conversion model from wave energy to mechanical energy in wave energy converter of inverse pendulum. It makes the beneficial exploration for optimal design of wave energy converter of inverse pendulum.

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6

Zhang, Jun, Chenglong Li, Hongzhou He, and Xiaogang Zang. "Optimization of a Multi-pendulum Wave Energy Converter." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001509010067.

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In order to improve the energy capture efficiency of a multi-pendulum wave energy converter, a mathematical model of the pendulum structure has been built. The final structure parameters of the pendulum have been obtained by using genetic algorithm based on the numerical simulation results of the pendulum structure optimization. The results show that under obtained structure parameters the proposed multi-pendulum device can obtain maximum energy conversion efficiency.

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7

Qiu, Shou-qiang, Jia-wei Ye, Dong-jiao Wang, and Fu-lin Liang. "Experimental study on a pendulum wave energy converter." China Ocean Engineering 27, no. 3 (June 2013): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13344-013-0031-y.

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8

Arief, I. S., I. K. A. P. Utama, R. Hantoro, J. Prananda, Y. Safitri, T. A. Rachmattra, and F. K. Rindu. "Response to Pontoon and Pendulum Motion at Wave Energy Converter Based on Pendulum System." E3S Web of Conferences 43 (2018): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184301022.

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Energy conversion technology derived from ocean wave energy has been developed, one of them is the Power Wave sea-Pendulum System (PLTGL-SB). PLTGL composed of a pontoon which is subjected to the excitation force of ocean waves and will move the pendulum on the top of the pontoon. This study aims to analyze the best shape for PLTGL- SB’s pontoon and determine the largest deviation generated due to the movement of the pendulum vertical pontoon. Pontoon shapes studied are pontoon consisting of a large cylinder in the middle and there are two boats on the right and left, like a trimaran ship. Variations were made in this study consisted of variations of length and height boats, the draft height, wave period, the mass and the length of the pendulum arm. Best pontoon shape is determined by simulating the shape of a pontoon with Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). Pendulum deviation obtained by mathematical modeling pontoon two degrees of freedom (roll) and pendulum. Based on the chart Response Amplitude Operator (RAO) pontoon shape is best for PLTGL-SB is a pontoon with a 2/3 full large cylinder diameter, 1.5 cm height boats, catamarans length of 41.5 cm. Based on the results of a mathematical model of the largest deviation of the pendulum is generated when the pontoon is placed in the period of 0.8 s, with a mass and pendulum arm lengths are 19.9 g and 10.6 cm.

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9

Gu, Yu Jiong, Li Jun Zhao, Jing Hua Huang, and Bing Bing Wang. "The Principle, Review and Prospect of Wave Energy Converter." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3744.

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Abstract: Being confronted with the severity of the energy and environment problems, the world attaches more and more importance to the potential of wave energy. Based on the necessity and feasibility of wave power development, the basic principles of wave energy converter are in this paper firstly. Then some kinds of WEC’s principle, merits and drawbacks, technology application are reviewed, such as OWC, raft, Tapchan, point absorber, Salter, pendulum. After that, wave energy developing conditions in some typical countries are recommended. After reviewing the features of various wave energy converters and WEC application examples in some countries, prospect and a few problems in wave energy utilizing are stated briefly.

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10

Wang, Dong-jiao, Shou-qiang Qiu, and Jia-wei Ye. "Width effects on hydrodynamics of pendulum wave energy converter." Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 35, no. 9 (July 17, 2014): 1167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10483-014-1857-6.

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11

Zhu, Shenglin, Shaohui Yang, Hui Li, Yan Huang, Zhichang Du, Jianyu Fan, and Zhonghua Lin. "A Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on a Pendulum-Plate Wave Energy Converter." Polish Maritime Research 29, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2022-0053.

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Abstract Ocean waves are a promising source of renewable energy, but harvesting this irregular low-frequency energy is challenging due to technological limitations. In this paper, a pendulum plate-based triboelectric nanogenerator (PP-TENG) is proposed. The PP-TENG absorbs wave energy through the pendulum plate installed at the bottom of the device, which generates a swing effect. This drives the motion of the upper TENG power generation unit and generates a charge transfer on the surface of a film of polymer PTFE and nylon, materials which are very sensitive to the low-frequency wave environment. The PP-TENG was tested after building a semi-physical simulation test platform. When the polymer materials were PTFE with a thickness of 0.01 mm and nylon with a thickness of 0.02 mm, 33 commercial LED lamps could be lit simultaneously. Moreover, under short-circuit conditions, the current reached 2.45 μA, and under open-circuit conditions, the voltage reached 212 V. When the PP-TENG was connected in series with a resistor with a resistance of 3 × 105 Ω, its maximum peak power density reached 6.74 mW/m2. It can be concluded that the PP-TENG is characterised by low fabrication costs and excellent energy conversion efficiency. The combination of a pendulum wave energy converter with a TENG shows great output performance. This research lays a solid foundation for practical applications of the proposed structure in the future.

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12

Hongzhou, H. E., and L. I. Hui. "Numerical Simulation of the Pendulum System in a Buoy-pendulum Wave Energy Converter." Energy Procedia 61 (2014): 2030–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.068.

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13

Sirigu, Sergej Antonello, Ludovico Foglietta, Giuseppe Giorgi, Mauro Bonfanti, Giulia Cervelli, Giovanni Bracco, and Giuliana Mattiazzo. "Techno-Economic Optimisation for a Wave Energy Converter via Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070482.

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Although sea and ocean waves have been widely acknowledged to have the potential of providing sustainable and renewable energy, the emergence of a self-sufficient and mature industry is still lacking. An essential condition for reaching economic viability is to minimise the cost of electricity, as opposed to simply maximising the converted energy at the early design stages. One of the tools empowering developers to follow such a virtuous design pathway is the techno-economic optimisation. The purpose of this paper is to perform a holistic optimisation of the PeWEC (pendulum wave energy converter), which is a pitching platform converting energy from the oscillation of a pendulum contained in a sealed hull. Optimised parameters comprise shape; dimensions; mass properties and ballast; power take-off control torque and constraints; number and characteristics of the pendulum; and other subcomponents. Cost functions are included and the objective function is the ratio between the delivered power and the capital expenditure. Due to its ability to effectively deal with a large multi-dimensional design space, a genetic algorithm is implemented, with a specific modification to handle unfeasible design candidate and improve convergence. Results show that the device minimising the cost of energy and the one maximising the capture width ratio are substantially different, so the economically-oriented metric should be preferred.

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14

Wang, Dong Jiao, Shou Qiang Qiu, and Jia Wei Ye. "Study on the Hydrodynamics of a Single-Acting Pendulum Wave Energy Converter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 518 (February 2014): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.209.

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Based on the three dimensional potential theory, numerical studies were carried out to investigate the hydrodynamics of a single-acting trapezoidal pendulum wave energy converter in regular waves by using time domain analysis. The nonlinear viscous damping was also taken into account, and the influence of power take-off damping on the motion responses and output performances were analyzed. Comparisons of experimental and numerical results were performed as part of the validation process.

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15

Tian, Yu Feng, and Yan Huang. "Numerical Simulation of Interactions between Waves and Pendulum Wave Power Converter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 1949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1949.

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The interactions between waves and the pendulum wave power converter were simulated, considering Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations as governing equations of the fluid, using the k-ε turbulence model and finite element software ADINA. The setting wave-generating boundary method and viscosity damping region method were developed in the numerical wave tank. Nodal velocities were applied on each layer of the inflow boundary in the setting wave-generating boundary method. The viscosity of the fluid in the damping region was obtained artificially in the viscosity damping region method, and the energy in the fluid was decreased by the viscosity in governing equations. The physical model tests were simulated with the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) numerical model. The numerical results were compared with the experimental data, and then the results were discussed. A reference method is advanced to design the pendulum wave power converter. The method to solve the complex FSI problems is explored.

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16

Song, Bao wei, Xin Yu An, Zhao Yong Mao, and Hai Bing Wen. "Electromechanical Modeling and Simulation of a Pendulum-Type Wave Energy Converter." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1439.

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This paper concerns the electromechanical model for a pendulum-type wave energy converter (PWEC). By introducing a based-excited mass-spring-damper, the motion of PWEC is divided into two parts: the motion of floating body and the relative motion of the pendulum and floating body. The electromechanical model involves the relative motion. Based on the electromechanical model, the circuit optimization is researched in frequency domain. The simulation results show that the device harvests plenty of power when the excitation is in close proximity to natural frequency, and the output power will decay sharply when the excitation is away from natural frequency. The optimal active power is obtained when the total reactance is zero.

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17

Orszaghova, J., H. Wolgamot, S. Draper, R. Eatock Taylor, P. H. Taylor, and and A. Rafiee. "Transverse motion instability of a submerged moored buoy." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2221 (January 2019): 20180459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0459.

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Wave energy converters and other offshore structures may exhibit instability, in which one mode of motion is excited parametrically by motion in another. Here, theoretical results for the transverse motion instability (large sway oscillations perpendicular to the incident wave direction) of a submerged wave energy converter buoy are compared to an extensive experimental dataset. The device is axi-symmetric (resembling a truncated vertical cylinder) and is taut-moored via a single tether. The system is approximately a damped elastic pendulum. Assuming linear hydrodynamics, but retaining nonlinear tether geometry, governing equations are derived in six degrees of freedom. The natural frequencies in surge/sway (the pendulum frequency), heave (the springing motion frequency) and pitch/roll are derived from the linearized equations. When terms of second order in the buoy motions are retained, the sway equation can be written as a Mathieu equation. Careful analysis of 80 regular wave tests reveals a good agreement with the predictions of sub-harmonic (period-doubling) sway instability using the Mathieu equation stability diagram. As wave energy converters operate in real seas, a large number of irregular wave runs is also analysed. The measurements broadly agree with a criterion (derived elsewhere) for determining the presence of the instability in irregular waves, which depends on the level of damping and the amount of parametric excitation at twice the natural frequency.

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18

Sohn, Jung Min, Ho-jeong Cheon, Keyyong Hong, and Seung-Ho Shin. "Equivalent design wave approach for structural analysis of floating pendulum wave energy converter." Ships and Offshore Structures 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2015): 645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2015.1045268.

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19

Wang, Dong-jiao, Shou-qiang Qiu, and Jia-wei Ye. "An experimental study on a trapezoidal pendulum wave energy converter in regular waves." China Ocean Engineering 29, no. 4 (June 2015): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13344-015-0044-9.

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20

Zhang, Dahai, Wei Li, You Ying, Haitao Zhao, Yonggang Lin, and Jingwei Bao. "Wave energy converter of inverse pendulum with double action power take off." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, no. 11 (January 31, 2013): 2416–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213475760.

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This article describes a double action hydraulic power take off for a wave energy converter of inverse pendulum. The power take off converts slow irregular reciprocating wave motions to relatively smooth, fast rotation of an electrical generator. The design of the double action power take off and its control are critical to the magnitude and the continuity of the generated power. The interaction between the power take off behavior and the wave energy converter’s hydrodynamic characteristics is complex, therefore a time domain simulation study is presented in which both parts are included. The power take off is modeled using AMESim®, and the hydrodynamic equations are implemented in MATLAB®; simulation is used to predict the behavior of the complete system. The simulation results show that the design of the double action hydraulic power take off for wave energy converter of inverse pendulum is entirely feasibility and its superiority has been verified by the preliminary experiments, especially compared with the existing single action power take off system.

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21

Sohn, Jung Min, Ho Jeong Cheon, Seung Ho Shin, and Key Yong Hong. "Ultimate Strength Analysis of Connections of Floating Pendulum Wave Energy Converter." Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy 17, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7846/jkosmee.2014.17.1.36.

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22

Cho, Il Hyoung. "Performance Analysis of Wave Energy Converter Using a Submerged Pendulum Plate." Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy 20, no. 2 (May 31, 2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7846/jkosmee.2017.05.20.2.91.

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23

Cho, Il Hyoung. "Performance Analysis of Wave Energy Converter Using a Submerged Pendulum Plate." Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy 20, no. 2 (May 25, 2017): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7846/jkosmee.2017.20.2.91.

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24

Crowley, S., R. Porter, and D. V. Evans. "A submerged cylinder wave energy converter." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 716 (January 25, 2013): 566–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.557.

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AbstractA novel design concept for a wave energy converter (WEC) is presented and analysed. Its purpose is to balance the theoretical capacity for power absorption against engineering design issues which plague many existing WEC concepts. The WEC comprises a fully submerged buoyant circular cylinder tethered to the sea bed by a simple mooring system which permits coupled surge and roll motions of the cylinder. Inside the cylinder a mechanical system of pendulums rotate with power generated by the relative rotation rates of the pendulums and the cylinder. The attractive features of this design include: making use of the mooring system as a passive component of the power take off (PTO); using a submerged device to protect it from excessive forces associated with extreme wave conditions; locating the PTO within the device and using a PTO mechanism which does not need to be constrained; exploiting multiple resonances of the system to provide a broad-banded response. A mathematical model is developed which couples the hydrodynamic waves forces on the device with the internal pendulums under a linearized framework. For a cylinder spanning a wave tank (equivalent to a two-dimensional assumption) maximum theoretical power for this WEC device is limited to 50 % maximum efficiency. However, numerical results show that a systematically optimized system can generate theoretical efficiencies of more than 45 % over a 6 s range of wave period containing most of the energy in a typical energy spectrum. Furthermore, three-dimensional results for a cylinder of finite length provide evidence that a cylinder device twice the length of its diameter can produce more than its own length in the power of an equivalent incident wave crest.

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25

Dote, Yasuhiko, and Kenji Yano. "VII-2 High efficiency energy conversion control for tide wave energy converter with pendulum." Ocean Engineering 12, no. 6 (January 1985): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-8018(85)90063-0.

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26

Toyota, Kazutaka, Shuichi Nagata, Yasutaka Imai, Toshiaki Setoguchi, and Keisuke Ono. "A Study on Floating Type Pendulum Wave Energy Converter(1st Report ) -Energy Conversion Characteristics in Regular Waves-." Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers 13 (2011): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe.13.67.

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27

Wu, Jinming, Chen Qian, Siming Zheng, Ni Chen, Dan Xia, and Malin Göteman. "Investigation on the wave energy converter that reacts against an internal inverted pendulum." Energy 247 (May 2022): 123493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123493.

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28

Boren, Blake C., Pedro Lomonaco, Belinda A. Batten, and Robert K. Paasch. "Design, Development, and Testing of a Scaled Vertical Axis Pendulum Wave Energy Converter." IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tste.2016.2589221.

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29

Ogai, Shuji, Shinya Umeda, and Hajime Ishida. "An experimental study of compressed air generation using a pendulum wave energy converter." Journal of Hydrodynamics 22, S1 (October 2010): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6058(09)60209-2.

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30

Murakami, Tengen, Yasutaka Imai, and Shuichi Nagata. "Experimental study on load characteristics in a floating type pendulum wave energy converter." Journal of Thermal Science 23, no. 5 (September 3, 2014): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11630-014-0730-6.

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31

Arif, I. S., I. K. A. P. Utama, R. Hartono, J. Prananda, R. Isnaini, and T. Rachmattra A. "Analysis Characteristics Of Pendulum Oscillation In PLTGL-SB." E3S Web of Conferences 43 (2018): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184301005.

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Energy is an everlasting demand which sustains humanity and its activity throughout the world. The main problem energy for all country is still using fossil energy. Using fossil energy caused pollution and contaminate environment. Adopting Ocean wave energy we can convert the wave into eco-green energy. Wave energy in Indonesia very abundant, it’s coastal line is 95,181 km number 2 in the world after Canada. The device that used to convert ocean wave energy into electrical energy is called WECs (Wave Energy Converters). Latterly, there are many kinds of WECs that already developed by an engineer. Pendulum system is one sample of WECs, its has uncomplicated working principle. Zamrisyaf is The man who first invented the device in 2010. Recently, the researcher still haven’t found the parameter of pontoon geometry that can afford a good sea keeping for this WECs. In this research, the authors has been performed using experimental approach to test the pendulum system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the novel geometry of pontoon that identical to trimaran that can produce a large amplitude of pendulum oscillation through an experimental approach. The analyzed aspect is the combination of outrigger length, outrigger height, pendulum rod length, pendulum mass, and wave periods which have a maximum amplitude of pendulum oscillation. The analysis results show that the better solution is pontoon thus has outrigger height of 40 mm, pendulum rod length of 106.7 mm, outrigger length of 413 mm, pendulum mass of 20, and wave periods of 0.8 s have a maximum amplitude of pendulum oscillation as big as 60 degrees.

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32

Gioia, Daniele Giovanni, Edoardo Pasta, Paolo Brandimarte, and Giuliana Mattiazzo. "Data-driven control of a Pendulum Wave Energy Converter: A Gaussian Process Regression approach." Ocean Engineering 253 (June 2022): 111191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111191.

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33

IMAI, Yasutaka, Shuichi NAGATA, and Kazutaka TOYOTA. "1011 An experimental study of power generation of floating pendulum-type wave energy converter." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2013 (2013): _1011–01_—_1011–02_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2013._1011-01_.

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34

Yurchenko, Daniil, and Panagiotis Alevras. "Dynamics of the N-pendulum and its application to a wave energy converter concept." International Journal of Dynamics and Control 1, no. 4 (October 29, 2013): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40435-013-0033-x.

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35

Zhang, Dahai, Haocai Huang, Ying Chen, Haitao Zhao, and Wei Li. "State-Dependent Model of a Hydraulic Power Takeoff for an Inverse Pendulum Wave Energy Converter." Marine Technology Society Journal 49, no. 5 (September 1, 2015): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.49.5.2.

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AbstractThis article reports on a state-dependent model of a hydraulic power takeoff (PTO) for an inverse pendulum wave energy converter. The PTO influences the energy conversion performance by its efficiency and by the damping force exerted, which affects the motion of the body. The state-dependent model presented gives a description of the damping force and the internal dynamics of the hydraulic PTO system. Different values of the parameters of the accumulator and the motor torque are analyzed in order to improve the dynamic performance of the converter. The simulation results prove that it is possible to achieve a great enhancement of the power output with the implementation of optimization parameters of the hydraulic PTO and that a possible combination of some of them might be beneficial for improved efficiency of the system. <def-list>Nomenclature<def-item><term>A :</term><def>pipe cross-section area</def></def-item><def-item><term>B :</term><def>rotational friction coefficient</def></def-item><def-item><term>Dh :</term><def>pipe hydraulic diameter</def></def-item><def-item><term>Fy :</term><def>damping force</def></def-item><def-item><term>L :</term><def>angular momentum of the motor</def></def-item><def-item><term>Leq :</term><def>equivalent length of local resistances</def></def-item><def-item><term>Lg :</term><def>pipe geometrical length</def></def-item><def-item><term>J :</term><def>inertia momentum</def></def-item><def-item><term>kl :</term><def>motor leakage coefficient</def></def-item><def-item><term>kS :</term><def>pipe cross-section shape factor</def></def-item><def-item><term>pa :</term><def>accumulator pressure</def></def-item><def-item><term>pd :</term><def>pressure drop along the pipe</def></def-item><def-item><term>pp :</term><def>oil pressure</def></def-item><def-item><term>ppr :</term><def>precharged pressure of accumulator</def></def-item><def-item><term>qa :</term><def>accumulator flow</def></def-item><def-item><term>qleak :</term><def>leakage flow from motor</def></def-item><def-item><term>qm :</term><def>motor flow</def></def-item><def-item><term>qp :</term><def>oil flow</def></def-item><def-item><term>Re :</term><def>Reynolds number</def></def-item><def-item><term>R :</term><def>set point for damping force</def></def-item><def-item><term>S :</term><def>piston cylinder cross-section area</def></def-item><def-item><term>Tf :</term><def>losses due to rotational friction</def></def-item><def-item><term>TG :</term><def>generator torque</def></def-item><def-item><term>Tm :</term><def>motor torque</def></def-item><def-item><term>Ts :</term><def>losses due to rotational momentum</def></def-item><def-item><term>V :</term><def>oil volume</def></def-item><def-item><term>VA :</term><def>accumulator volume</def></def-item><def-item><term>V :</term><def>piston velocity</def></def-item><def-item><term>ηm :</term><def>mechanical efficiency of the motor</def></def-item><def-item><term>ωm :</term><def>angular velocity of the motor</def></def-item><def-item><term>ρ :</term><def>oil density</def></def-item></def-list>

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36

Yang, Jing, Da-hai Zhang, Ying Chen, Hui Liang, Ming Tan, Wei Li, and Xian-dong Ma. "Design, optimization and numerical modelling of a novel floating pendulum wave energy converter with tide adaptation." China Ocean Engineering 31, no. 5 (October 2017): 578–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13344-017-0066-6.

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Arief, I. S., I. K. A. P. Utama, R. Hantoro, J. Prananda, T. R. Arvisa, and R. F. Kusuma. "Mooring Experimental Study of Motion Response for Pendulum Wave Energy Converters." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 462 (January 8, 2019): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/462/1/012010.

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38

Nam, Bo-Woo, Sa-Young Hong, Ki-Bum Kim, Ji-Yong Park, and Seung-Ho Shin. "Numerical Analysis of Wave-induced Motion of Floating Pendulor Wave Energy Converter." Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology 25, no. 4 (August 31, 2011): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5574/ksoe.2011.25.4.028.

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39

Watabe, Tomiji, Hideo Kondo, and Kenji Yano. "VII-1 Characteristics of a pendulor type wave energy converter." Ocean Engineering 12, no. 6 (January 1985): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-8018(85)90062-9.

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Wan, Zhanhong, Honghao Zheng, Ke Sun, Dahai Zhang, Zhongzhi Yao, and Tianyu Song. "Simulation of wave energy converter with designed pendulor-slope combination." Energy Procedia 158 (February 2019): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.196.

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Wan, Zhanhong, Honghao Zheng, Ke Sun, and Kun Zhou. "A Model and Experiment Study of an Improved Pendulor Wave Energy Converter." Energy Procedia 105 (May 2017): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.315.

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42

Cai, Qinlin, and Songye Zhu. "Applying double-mass pendulum oscillator with tunable ultra-low frequency in wave energy converters." Applied Energy 298 (September 2021): 117228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117228.

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43

Deng, Fei, Ke Yan Wang, and Wen Jun Ding. "Rocking Conversion System Based on Wave Energy for Unmanned Underwater Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.680.

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Aiming at the navigation purpose of long time and large distance of UUV( unmanned underwater vehicle), and dealing with the energy demand of UUV for long continuous work, on the basis of analysis and comparison of existing wave energy converters at home and aboard, a rocking energy generation device based on the wave energy is proposed. The equations of motion for the vehicle and the rocking pendulum are established according to Lagrange method. Finally, the factors affecting the rocking generation performance are analyzed by solving the simplified equation of motion according to the Runge-Kutta method. The influence of parameters on the rocking generation is investigated over a range of sea state. Research and analysis show that the proposed wave energy rocking generation device model is reasonable and feasible, and provide a theoretical basis and reference for the development, the engineering test and the optimization of the rocking generator.

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Yano, Kenji, Hideo Kondo, and Tomiji Watabe. "METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE POWER EXTRACTED BY FIXED COASTAL TYPE WAVE POWER EXTRACTORS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (January 29, 1986): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.176.

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Study is performed on a vertical flap type energy converter, "Pendulor System". The power absorbed with the system in random waves is estimated using a transfer function of absorbed power (absorption coefficient) in regular waves and wave spectrum. A boundary element technique is applied to compute the hydrodynamic problem associated with the system which is placed in regular waves. The applicability of the method has been examined by a series of field test at a test plant caisson. The agreement between estimation and experiment was found to be good except near the resonance frequency of the system.

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Gunawardane, Sudath, Chathura Kankanamge, and Tomiji Watabe. "Study on the Performance of the “Pendulor” Wave Energy Converter in an Array Configuration." Energies 9, no. 4 (April 12, 2016): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en9040282.

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WATABE, Tomiji, Hideo KONDO, and Kenji YANO. "Studies on a Pendulor type wave energy converter. Subsequent operations of Muroran experimental plant." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 54, no. 497 (1988): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.54.136.

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WATABE, Tomiji, Yuzuru KUBOTA, Hiromu SUGlYAMA, and Hideo KONDO. "Studies on a pendulor type wave energy converter. Studies on the efficiency affected by system's elasticity." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 54, no. 500 (1988): 917–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.54.917.

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Dostal, Leo, Kevin Korner, Edwin Kreuzer, and Daniil Yurchenko. "Pendulum energy converter excited by random loads." ZAMM - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics / Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 98, no. 3 (November 3, 2017): 349–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zamm.201700007.

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HIEJIMA, Shinji, Hiroaki TAKAMATSU, Hiroki OGUMA, and Takeji UEDA. "PENDULUM-BASED WATER CURRENT ENERGY CONVERTER USING GALLOPING OSCILLATION." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering) 73, no. 1 (2017): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejoe.73.24.

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Kawaguchi, Takashi, Kunio Nakano, Shogo Miyajima, and Taro Arikawa. "WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER WITH WAVE ABSORBING CONTROL." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.papers.61.

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The wave absorbing control using wave sensors was theorized and developed by the authors, about 30 years ago. It was originally for absorbing wavemakers for tank tests in laboratories. This control enables wavemakers to generate the desired incident waves while absorbing undesirable reflected waves from the tank wall. When waves are absorbed by the wavemaker, the energy of the waves are also absorbed, that is, the energy is regenerated to electric power with the wavemaker drivemotor. According to this theory, in case that certain waves are generated by an oscillating body, these waves can be absorbed by the same body. Therefore, we can design a wave energy converter as a kind of absorbing wavemaker.

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