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Rescigno, Rita. "Ricerche sul culto privato di divinità pubbliche: i Penates." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1315.
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2010 - 2011I Penates oggetto del lavoro di ricerca, onorati all'interno delle antiche capanne romane, furono altro rispetto a quelli che emergono dal confronto con l'immagine prevalentemente riflessa dalla tradizione letteraria: dèi di Enea, simbolo di un Popolo, inizio di una Storia, presupposto eziologico di un mito di fondazione... [a cura dell'autore]
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Junior, Alceu Corrêa. "Monitoramento eletrônico de penas e alternativas penais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-20062013-132709/.
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A busca por alternativas à prisão é antiga, e a vigilância eletrônica surgiu como uma solução tecnológica. O contexto cultural dos Estados Unidos no fim do século XX propiciou o surgimento do monitoramento eletrônico, influenciado também pelo utilitarismo e pela cultura do controle do delito. O monitoramento deve respeitar os princípios do Estado Democrático de Direito (dignidade humana) e estar vinculado aos fins preventivos da pena (prevenção especial positiva). Por si só não reduz a população carcerária e não diminui a reincidência, mas as vantagens econômicas e os bons resultados obtidos por outros países não podem ser desprezados. Assim, a experiência estrangeira revela bons resultados no uso da vigilância junto a programas de acompanhamento social. No Brasil, o monitoramento eletrônico foi introduzido por lei na execução penal e como medida cautelar. Interessante seria que fosse estabelecido como modo de execução da prisão (alternativa aos estabelecimentos penitenciários). Poderia ser previsto ainda para a execução das penas restritivas de direitos que demandam fiscalização, consolidando um sistema alternativo de penas capaz de promover a prevenção e substituir o cárcere para delitos menores. O monitoramento eletrônico restringe direitos fundamentais e, assim, deve ser previsto em lei, limitado à restrição imposta, aplicado se necessário e com a menor visibilidade possível.The search for alternatives to prison is old, and electronic surveillance has emerged as a technological solution. The cultural context of the United States at the end of the twentieth century has propitiated the emergence of electronic monitoring, also influenced by utilitarism and by the culture of offense control. Monitoring should respect the principles of Democratic Rule of Law (human dignity) and to be linked to the preventive purposes of sentence (positive special prevention). By itself it does not decrease the prison population and it does not reduce recidivism, but the economic gains and the good results obtained by other countries can not be ignored. Thus, foreign experience shows good results in the use of surveillance along with programs of social support. In Brazil, the electronic monitoring was introduced by law in criminal enforcement and as a precautionary measure. It would be interesting if it could be established as a way of prison enforcement (alternative to prisons). It could be also expected to enforce restrictive penalties of rights that require monitoring, consolidating an alternative system of penalties that can promote prevention and replace the prison for minor offenses. The electronic monitoring restricts fundamental rights and thus it should be provided by law, limited to the restriction, applied when it is necessary with the least visibility.
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Vasilescu, Cristina. "Análisis de la ejecución de las medidas penales alternativas desde una perspectiva de género." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672285.
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The main goal of this PhD dissertation is analyse the implementation of
community sentences in Catalonia from a gender-responsive and criminological
approach. For this a mixed methodology is used. Firstly, is carried out a
quantitative research in Catalan Probation System based on representative
sample of 580 men and women that served a community sentence in Barcelona and
Girona in 2017 through a bivariate descriptive analysis disaggregated by
gender. Secondly, is carried out a qualitative research in Girona and
Barcelona to analyse, on the one hand, the experiences of women serving
community sentences and know what works, what does not work and what can be
improve and on the other hand, to analyse the experiences of professionals,
such as probation officers, supervising and intervening with men and women
offenders. For this, 38 semi-structured interviews are analyzed: 23 with
women offenders, 11 with probation officers and 4 other professionals from
Probation System. This research shows that there are significant gender
differences that the Probation System should take into account in order to
achieve an implementation of community sentences from a gender-responsive
approach. Likewise, once these differences, what works, what does not work
and what could be improved are known, a possible gender-responsive design of
community sentences, such as unpaid work and training programs, is presentedEl principal objectiu d’aquesta tesi doctoral és profunditzar en el coneixement de la execució de les mesures penals alternatives des d’una perspectiva de gènere i criminològica. Per això, s’utilitza metodologia mixta. En primer lloc, es porta a terme una investigació quantitativa sobre una mostra representativa de 580 dones i homes que van finalitzar una mesura penal alternativa a Girona i Barcelona l’any 2017. Es realitza un anàlisi descriptiu bivariat entre la variable gènere i totes les altres variables recollides. En segon lloc, es porta a terme una investigació qualitativa a Girona i Barcelona. Per una banda, s’analitza com experimenten les dones penades el compliment de la mesura penal alternativa i què funciona, què no funciona i què podria millorar segons les mateixes entrevistades. Per altra banda, s’analitza com experimenten les persones delegades i els supervisors d’entitats de treball en benefici de la comunitat la supervisió i la intervenció amb dones i homes penats. Per això, s’analitzen 38 entrevistes semi estructurades en profunditat realitzades a 23 dones penades, 11 persones delegades i 4 supervisors. Aquesta investigació evidencia que existeixen diferències per gènere significatives que el sistema d’execució penal hauria de tenir en compte per aconseguir una execució sensible al gènere i a la diversitat existent. Tanmateix, després de conèixer aquestes diferències, allò que funciona, que no funciona i que podria millorar, es presenta un possible disseny de mesures penals alternatives com els treballs en benefici de la comunitat i els programes formatius, des d’una perspectiva de gènere
Programa de Doctorat Interuniversitari en Dret, Economia i Empresa
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Rovira, i. Sopeña Martí. "Antecedentes penales y mercado laboral." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392632.
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El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es observar si, en la actualidad, en España, los antecedentes penales constituyen un problema en el mercado laboral. Se desarrollan cuatro líneas de investigación: un análisis de la legislación vigente sobre la petición de los certificados de antecedentes penales, un análisis descriptivo de tres fuentes de datos sobre la petición de estos certificados en la práctica, una investigación cualitativa con personas condenadas y una investigación experimental para observar el comportamiento de los responsables de selección de personal. Este trabajo muestra que en España existen una serie leyes que merman las oportunidades laborales de este colectivo. También se expone que, en algunos casos, los empleadores tratan desfavorablemente a las personas cuando observan una señal del paso por el sistema penal. Finalmente se expone que, en ocasiones, las personas con este estigma se autoexcluyen para evitar este potencial rechazo.The main goal of this PhD dissertation is to analyse the effects of criminal records in the labour market in Spain at the present. With this aim, four lines of research are developed: a study of the current legislation on criminal records certificates, a descriptive analysis using three data sources to observe the magnitude of the petition of these certificates and for which jobs criminal records are asked for, a qualitative research with people with a previous conviction and an experimental research directed to study the behaviour of employers. This work shows that in Spain there are certain laws that restrict the labour market opportunities of people with criminal records. Also, in some cases, employers discriminate against candidates when they detect a mark of a criminal record. Finally, in particular contexts, people with this stigma self-exclude from jobs when they expect that they will be rejected.
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Prado, Saldarriaga Víctor Roberto. "Constitucion, derecho y principios penales." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116329.
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Delgado, Barriga Paulina María Alejandra. "Sustitutos penales y Ley 20.603." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/138493.
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Tesis (programa de especialización en derecho penal)El presente trabajo pretende dar una solución al problema de las crisis de las penas privativas de libertad donde, por una parte, de acuerdo con la tendencia a la descriminalización y a la despenalización, se aboga por el establecimiento, ampliación y profundización de las penas sustitutivas, con el objeto de superar la solución simplista e ineficaz de la cárcel como única o preponderante respuesta del sistema penal al complejo fenómeno social de la delincuencia; y por la otra, se asiste al fenómeno de la “hiperinflación penal”, la que trae como consecuencia el aumento del recurso a las soluciones institucionalizadas de carácter segregativo (cárcel), en respuesta a las demandas por mayor seguridad ciudadana que tienen lugar a raíz del incremento de algunas formas de criminalidad. Es así como en nuestro país se establece la ley 20.603 que modifica la ley 18.216 sobre penas sustitutivas a las penas privativas de libertad, ley que como analizaremos, más que solucionar el problema antes señalado, se transforma en una solución paradójica que acarrea respuestas diversas frente a instituciones jurídicas establecidas, como los recursos y los abonos a dichas penas sustitutivas, y lo confronta con el surgimiento de nuevas leyes, como la ley 20.770 y la 20.813 que más que ampliar el abanico de posibilidades sancionatorias diferentes a la cárcel, lo limita e incluso hace nula su aplicación, recurriendo exclusivamente a ésta como la única respuesta penal posible ante la comisión de un hecho ilícito. Se propondrán, a la luz de esta paradoja, soluciones posibles para poder en definitiva, dar cumplimiento a los estándares internacionales respecto a la no utilización de la cárcel como única respuesta al delito
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Heres, Allan Alberto. "Histopathological, biological and molecular characteristics of the pathogenic Spiroplasma penaei isolated from the hemolymph of infected Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196040.
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Biological and molecular characteristics of the pathogenic mollicute, Spiroplasma penaei, isolated from the hemolymph of infected Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, were investigated. The doubling times of a S. penaei were 6.13 h (2% NaCl) and 3.43 h (no salt) under aerobic conditions, and 6.63 h (2% NaCl) and 3.22 h (no salt) under anaerobic conditions. Small diffuse white colonies with granular centers, surrounded by small satellite colonies that appeared embedded in the agar matrix, were detected on solid M1D medium (2% Noble agar) under aerobic conditions at 28°C. The genome size of the S. penaei was 1778 Kb, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using undigested DNA. Reduction of virulence of S. penaei was not detected in serial passage 24 and 76 isolates but passage 131 isolate was attenuated as indicated by the number of surviving shrimp and histological findings of challenged P. vannamei. Toxicity was not detected in supernatant fractions of M1D medium cultures of S. penaei isolates. The most predominant host responses to the S. penaei reference isolate and to serial passage isolates were hemocytic nodules and hemocytic infiltration observed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained histological sections. Transmission electron microscopy of the lymphoid organ of experimentally infected P. vannamei depicted S. penaei without cell wall and free in the cytoplasm of lymphoid organ cells. The lesions observed in histological sections were verified by in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled probe specific to the spiralin gene of Spiroplasma spp. Evolutionary relationship trees, based on five partial DNA sequences of 16S rDNA, 23S rDNA, 5S rDNA, gyrB, rpoB genes and two complete DNA sequences of 16S-23S and 23S-5S ISR, were constructed using the distance-based Neighboring-Joining method with Kimura-2-parameter substitution model. The NJ trees based on all DNA sequences investigated in this study positioned S. penaei in the Citri-Poulsonii clade and corroborates the observations by other investigators using the 16S gene. Pairwise genetic distance calculation between sequences of spiroplasmas showed S. penaei to be closely related to S. insolitum and distantly related to Spiroplasma sp. SHRIMP from China.
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Arroyo, Núñez Winni Marlene. "La inconstitucionalidad de los Antecedentes Penales." Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/104898.
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Tesis de Licenciatura en Derecho en materia de Derechos HumanosEn México es recurrente que al querer acceder a una oportunidad laboral, se haga la solicitud de antecedentes penales, lo cual es violatorio a derechos humanos, ya que contrapone diversas leyes tanto del ámbito laboral como penal. Por ello es de suma importancia, que sea eliminada esta costumbre reiterada, debido a que no solo afecta a quien pudiere haber compurgado una pena, sino que trasciende hacia terceros relacionados directamente con el sujeto, estigmatizando no sólo al inidivduo, sino a quien le rodea. Por lo tanto, en el planteamiento de que existe un modelo penitenciario, cuyo objetivo es la readaptación del individuo a la sociedad para que este sea funcional, productivo y feliz,, la sociedad mexicana se encuentra en un conflicto, el cual propicia la discriminación, y funciona como pauta para observar y/o mantener bajo vigilancia a quien cuenta con antecedentes e carácter penal y en el peor escenario no contratar al trabajador, por los motivos y cómo involucra al individuo y a terceros, ya que esta práctica proveniente de una sociedad que desconfía en su propio sistema de justicia y no cree en la reinserción social. Se enfocará en las leyes que son pasadas por alto con esta actividad y cuáles son las que deben ser reformadas, trayendo tres propuestas de importante valor para el Derecho laboral, el sistema de reinserción social, así como la concientización social en materia de Derechos Humanos.
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García, Rada Domingo. "Comentarios al código de procedimientos penales." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115889.
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Etapas del proceso penal: la instruccción y el juicio oral. La acción penal: pública y privada. Su ejercicio. Cuando en un procedimiento civil aparecen indicios razonables de la comisión de un delito perseguible de oficio. Cuestiones prejudiciales y su efecto procesal. Las excepciones que pueden oponerse a un proceso penal y sus efectos procesales. Territorialidad de la ley penal.
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Hurtado, Pozo José. "Método de resolución de casos penales." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116555.
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Rinaldi, Fabienne. "Le contentieux des decisions penales definitives." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05D005.
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Alors meme que les jugements et arrets rendus par les tribunaux repressifs sont revetus de l'autorite de la chose jugee, leur bien fonde peut encore etre discute devant des juridictions de l'ordre judiciaire. Le droit cree ainsi un contentieux des decisions penales definitives, compose des demandes en revision, des pourvois dans l'interet de la loi et des actions en responsabilite de l'etat du fait de la fonction juridictionnelle repressive. Selon la doctrine, les demandes en revision puiseraient leur raison d'etre dans l'impossibilite de maintenir un jugement de condamnation entache d'erreur de fait. Ainsi, ledit jugement serait annule en cas d'innocence de la personne condamnee. Cependant, l'analyse de la jurisprudence demontre que le recours en revision, loin d'appartenir a un contentieux de l'innocence, s'insere uniquement dans un contentieux de la legalite des decisions penales definitives. De meme, les pourvois dans l'interet de la loi sont l'occasion pour la cour de cassation de controler la legalite de telles decisions. Mais leur mise en oeuvre ne conduit pas necessairement a l'annulation effective de la decision critiquee. Toutefois, il resulte de l'examen de ces pourvoisque l'illegalite de la decision penale definitive devrait toujours conduire a l'annulation effective de cette derniere. Ce dernier principe devrait etre applique aux diverses actions en responsabilite pour faute de l'etat du fait de la fonction juridictionnelle repressive dans la mesure ou leur exercice conduit le juge judiciaire a declarer la decision penale illegale. Ainsi, les differentes composantes du contentieux des decisions penales definitives ont toutes pour cause l'illegalite de l'acte juridictionnel. Cette unicite de fondement devrait etre accompagnee d'une unite de consequence. Elle appelle donc a regrouper les dispositions legislatives actuellement disparates afin de creer une seule et meme action en justice.
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Murillo, Avalos Consuelo. "Ejecución e incumplimiento de las penas comunitarias: la revocación de la suspensión de la pena de prisión con reglas de conducta y el quebrantamiento de los trabajos en beneficio de la comunidad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398576.
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Esta tesis ofrece un estudio de las penas comunitarias, de su ejecución y de su
incumplimiento. El incumplimiento de una pena comunitaria constituye el fracaso de la
misma y una oportunidad perdida para lograr los fines que se le atribuyen. En este trabajo,
se hace uso del conocimiento criminológico para intentar dilucidar qué es el
incumplimiento y cuándo se configura. Se valoran de forma crítica los supuestos de
incumplimiento de las penas comunitarias españolas, para, por último, analizar las
consecuencias que prevé el sistema penal para reaccionar ante los mismos.This thesis provides a study of execution and breach of community penalties, emphasizing the challenges for the implementation of such sanctions. Non-compliance with community penalties involves their failure and a missed opportunity to achieve the goals attributed to them. By reviewing the contributions from criminology, crime policy, and international standards to this subject, critical evaluation of the Spanish regulation of criteria for breach and its consequences is offered.
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Conte, Carmine. "Penalties reworked : the rule against penalties restated, justified and refined." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4bdd452a-08cf-42cd-a1eb-8b3be516c4f5.
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An 'agreed damages clause' is a contractual provision whereby the parties agree on the damages one party must pay if that party breaches a term. A valid agreed damages clause, known as a 'liquidated damages clause', is enforceable. An invalid agreed damages clause, known as a 'penalty clause', is not. The 'penalty rule' is the legal doctrine that discriminates between the two types of clauses. This thesis adopts a rights-based, interpretive and formalist methodology to examine the penalty rule as it has evolved, and exists today, in Anglo-Australian commercial law. The investigation proceeds in three parts. First, this thesis restates the law. It derives a principled account of the rule from the leading cases. Second, the thesis justifies the law as restated. It reveals a theory that rationally explains the penalty rule, providing good or legitimate reasons why the rule is as it is. Finally, this thesis refines the restated law in the light of its theoretical justification. It takes interpretive steps to improve the penalty rule, casting the rule in the best possible light. This thesis concludes that a penalty clause is best understood as requiring one party, upon a default, to incur a detriment that is manifestly excessive in light of the clause's legitimate function. The refined penalty rule invalidates a penalty clause by rendering it partially unenforceable. Also, this thesis illustrates that the rule encapsulates a principle of preventing consensual civil punishment, and that corrective justice norms justify that principle. As such, the penalty rule ultimately instantiates corrective justice. Further, this thesis demonstrates that a classificatory, correctivist theory scores extremely well on several criteria for evaluating private law theories. Such a rights-based theory is highly transparent, powerfully coherent, and practically beneficial. It also displays a tight fit with the current law. In short, this thesis concludes that, viewed in the best possible light, the penalty rule is certain, elegant and (correctively) just.
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Watson, Cloe. "Penalties of Sleep." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1616163115623607.
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Meini, Méndez lván Fabio. "La disyuntiva entre honor y expresión. Aspectos penales." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122939.
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Talavera, Cano Andrés. "Regulating the Intolerance of Contractual Breaches." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123754.
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To penalize contractual breaches allows efficient allocation of risks in a contract, ensuring and maintaining the contractual equilibrium that the parties had in mind and shaped in its contractual regulation. The intelligent use of penalties will safeguard and maintain the economic balance of the contracts, thus maintaining the profitability of business operations pursued through them.Penalizar los incumplimientos permite una asignación eficiente de los riesgos en un contrato, asegurando y conservando el equilibrio contractual que las partes tuvieron en mente y plasmaron en su regulación contractual. El uso inteligente de las penalidades permitirá salvaguardar y mantener el equilibrio económico de los contratos, manteniendo así la rentabilidad de las operaciones comerciales perseguidas a través de ellos.
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VIGORITI, FRANCESCO. "La rilevanza penale dell’omofobia nell’ordinamento penale tedesco ed italiano." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/129631.
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The present work analyses the phaenomenon of homophobia in the framework of criminal law, starting from an inquiry concerning the psychosocial and criminological origin of the prejudice toward LGBT people. In particular, the phaenomenon is explored within the context of complex interactions among groups where a pivotal role is covered by gender prejudices and by sex hierarchies in which sexism, heterosexism and hetero-normativism in male-dominated cultures are rooted. The analysis goes on by contextualizing homophobia within the Anglo-American criminological categories “hate crime” and “hate speech”, according to an interpretation that considers them as conducts which may potentially represent the seeds of genocide-related events and are therefore to be contrasted by criminal law per se as well as in a preventative fashion. On these basis, the study moves on to consider a set of juridical criticalities related to the endorsement of prejudice into criminal law provisions as a relevant element for aggravated sanctions. Furthermore the research analyses the most relevant provisions criminalizing hate crimes and hate speeches existing under the German legal system to sanction behaviours characterized by homophobia (§ 130 StGB, Volksverhetzung and the recently modified § 46 StGB, that sets out the criteria for setting the punishment); with reference to the Italian legal system, the so called “Legge Reale-Mancino” is analysed as the law on which basis hate crimes and hate speeches are mainly punished. Finally, in this context, the study will provide an analysis of the so called “DDL Scalfarotto” – the draft bill approved by only one of the two Italian legislative chambers and therefore not entered into force yet – which is going to modify the Legge Reale-Mancino by introducing homophobic and transphobic motives as further basis for applying the said law.
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Mosaad, Mohamed Ahmed Abdel-Rahman. "Marine propeller roughness penalties." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1006.
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The main objective of the project is to investigate the influence of surface roughness of marine propeller blades on propulsive power. The work has involved studies in the concept and practice of surface roughness measurement and characterisation as well as application of boundary layer theory for the analysis propeller-ship hull flow interaction of propeller flow and propellar-ship hull flow interaction. From extensive measurements of the surface topography of in-service propellers, a standard measurement procedure using different commercially available propeller-surveying instruments is described. A development of turbulent boundary layer procedures has been made to determine sufficiently accurately the increment of drag coefficient of propeller blade sections due to propeller blade surface roughness. The roughness function used for this integral boundary layer analysis is derived using, principally, Musker's experimental data. In addition, an experimental determination of the roughness function of a replicated propeller surface using a rotor apparatus has been carried out and described in detail. The turbulent boundary layer procedures require a knowledge of the surface variation of pressure over the propeller blade. For this purpose a program based on Riegels method has been used to give the velocity distribution for a given propeller section geometry. This is used with the boundary layer procedures for developing a complete program "PROFNESS" to calculate the increment of drag coefficient of the blade section. Results from different propellers analysed indicate that the power penalty is proportional to the relative blade roughness to the 1/3 power. An investigation has been made to compare the increment of frictional coefficient for a flat plate and propeller section profiles. It is shown that a "rough" flat plane calculation is quite adequate for such work.' The use of a flat plate analogue as a reference to calculate the skin friction resistance of both propeller and hull surfaces is considered. It is shown that the proposed solution of flat plate momentum integral equations provides a valid, simple and practical solution to the problem of predicting the hull and propeller roughness drag penalties. It also provides, particularly for ship hull resistance, a strong support for the ITTC Correlation Line, not only, and importantly, in regard to its slope, but also its level. For shipowners and operators who may not wish to access advanced computer programs, a simplified method has been proposed to calculate the propeller roughness penalties. There is a good agreement between the two simplified and detailed propeller analysis methods. The propeller roughness penalties, which can be obtained from either the simplified or the more rigorous method, can be related to the Rubert Propeller Comparator Gauges in order to quantify the benefits and justify the cost of the blade surface roughness. Analytical procedures have been included which can be used to calculate the combined effects on ship performance of propeller blade and ship hull surface roughnesses.
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Daud, Siti Khalijah Bte. "Population genetics of Penaeus monodon Fabricius and Penaeus merguiensis de Man in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295839.
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Pujadas, Tortosa Virginia. "Para una teoría general de las medidas cautelares penales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129639.
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In criminal proceedings are held before the final judgment, limitations of rights for preventive purposes. These restrictive measures are called precautionary measures. This thesis proposes a general theory for these acts: Based on the principle of necessity and the object of criminal proceedings, submits that those measures are justified by the existence of one or more risks for the valid performance of the process and the dangerousness of the defendant. The theory includes determining the basis for punitive preventive measures, materials and formal adoption requirements and the requirement of proportionality. It also proposes a methodology for practical application of theory and criteria to limit the use of remand. It addresses the analysis of the presumption of innocence as a rule of treatment, deriving their theoretical and practical virtuality in criminal proceedingsEn el proceso penal se dictan, antes de la sentencia definitiva, limitaciones de derechos con fines preventivos. Estas medidas limitativas son denominadas medidas cautelares. La presente tesis propone una teoría general para estos actos: A partir del principio de necesidad y del objeto del proceso penal, sostiene que aquellas medidas se justifican por la existencia de uno o varios riesgos para la válida realización del proceso y la peligrosidad del imputado. La teoría incluye la determinación del fundamento de las medidas cautelares penales, sus presupuestos materiales y formales de adopción y la exigencia de proporcionalidad. Se propone además una metodología de aplicación práctica de la teoría y unos criterios para limitar el uso de la prisión provisional. Además, aborda el análisis de la presunción de inocencia como regla de trato, derivando su virtualidad teórica y práctica en el proceso penal
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MENDOZA, SEPÚLVEDA ROSENDO DANIEL. "PRÁCTICAS DE DISCRIMINACIÓN LABORAL EN MÉXICO, POR ANTECEDENTES PENALES." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/70983.
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El objetivo general de esta investigación es analizar profundamente, la problemática que gira en torno a las prácticas discriminatorias en el ámbito laboral hacia personas ex convictas en México, para que de esta manera se pueda plantear una posible solución dotada de viabilidad. El propósito principal de esta investigación es examinar y detallar los elementos que conforman la discriminación laboral en
México, especialmente por Antecedentes Penales. Planteando una serie de definiciones para así despejar dudas y concluir situaciones implícitas, pues desde luego la no discriminación es necesaria para el correcto y mejor funcionamiento de una sociedad.
Probablemente el tema de la igualdad sea repetitivo en la presente investigación, ya que atendiendo al criterio del destacado Dr. Jesús Rodríguez Zepeda:
“En el texto se insiste una y otra vez en el carácter de derecho fundamental de la no discriminación, para el acceso a las oportunidades socialmente disponibles” sobre todo el derecho al trabajo. Es preciso definir respecto al tema tratado, que es una sociedad justa, entendiendo que “una sociedad justa es aquella en la que no existen, o al menos no son significativos, los tratos de desprecio hacia grupos completos por razón de una característica o atributo (como el hecho de contar con
Antecedentes Penales) que además han sido estigmatizados y asociados con inferioridad y falta de valor”, se habla del estigma bajo el que están catalogados, equivocadamente, las personas con Antecedentes Penales y su exclusión en el ámbito laboral.
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García, Rada Domingo. "Comentarios al Código de Procedimientos Penales: El Ministerio Público." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116565.
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Grunvald, Sylvie. "La conservation des condamnations penales : etude du casier judiciaire." Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT3004.
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En 1848, le procureur bonneville de marsangy elabore le systeme des casiers judiciaires. Ce service d'enregistrement des condamnations penales est organise par le code de procedure penale en 1959. La multiplication des documents a traiter due tant a l'inflation des textes repressifs qu'a l'augmentation de la criminalite, conduit a mettre en place un service automatise et centralise pour conserver la trace des condamnations penales. La loi du 4 janvier 1980, cree le casier judiciaire national automatise. Celui-ci en tant que fichier de donnees nominatives, est soumis aux dispositions de la loi du 6 janvier 1978, loi informatique et libertes. La loi du 4 janvier 1980 prend en compte les exigences de la loi de 1978 pour respecter au mieux les interets et les droits des individus, sans toutefois perdre de vue l'enjeu specifique de ce fichier, rouage de notre procedure penale : le prononce d'une justice toujours plus juste et plus efficace. Le casier judiciaire n'est pas un fichier inerte. D'une part, la mention des condamnations penales est susceptible d'evoluer dans le temps. D'autre part, les informations font l'objet d'une divulgation a l'institution judiciaire mais aussi au groupe socialIn 1848, attorney bonneville de marsangy elaborates the system of criminal records. This service of penal sentences registration is organized by criminal procedure code in 1959. The increasing number of files due to inflation of repressive texts and to augmentation of criminality, leads to set up an automatized an centralized service of keeping trace of penal sentences. Law of january 4th 1980 creates automatized national criminal record. This one as nominal data file, is under dispositions of january 6 th 1978 law "loi informatique et libertes". Law of january 4 th 1980 takes requirements of 1978 law into account for respecting interests and rights of persons, without loosing sight of specific goal of thi file, wheel of our criminal procedure : ever more fair and more efficient verdict. Criminal record is not an inert file. On the one hand, penal sentences mention can be changed in course of time, on the other hand, data are divulged to law institution but also to social group
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Hauser, Ester Eliana. "Modelos penais minimalistas." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/81846.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-19T08:26:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T20:52:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 181707.pdf: 4713085 bytes, checksum: 9dcc0406bd2508d136bb2b5c31ec1d6a (MD5)
Apresenta os modelos penais minimalistas de Alessandro Baratta e Luigi Ferrajoli, com o objetivo de compreender em que medida os mesmos contribuem para a reconstrução da legitimidade dos sistemas penais, notadamente no que se refere a aceitação do Direito Penal e do Sistema Penal como instrumentos de combate a violência e de consolidação dos direitos humanos.
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Sorbello, Pietro <1977>. "Abuso del diritto e repressione penale. Profili di diritto penale sostanziale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8200/1/sorbello_pietro_tesi.pdf.
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Un’immagine dell’abuso del diritto è quella del fuoco sotto la cenere perché esprime il pericolo al quale espone legalità e colpevolezza. Sebbene l’ermeneutica penalistica sia vincolata, la materia tributaria rappresenta l’ultimo caso in cui forza normativa dei principi ed interpretazione teleologica hanno consentito incriminazioni in malam partem. Nemmeno la rilevanza costituzionale del bene consente di incriminare l’elusione oltre la riserva di legge: al giudice è vietato “creare un regime legale penale, in luogo di quello realizzato dalla legge”.
Il tema delle infrazioni di origine giurisprudenziale introduce una seconda accezione di legalità come concepita dall’art. 7 CEDU: la norma incriminatrice è valida allorquando - prescindendo dalla fonte - sia accessibile e prevedibile.
Di fronte alla sentenza “Dolce e Gabbana” può affermarsi che incriminare l’elusione non è conforme alla legalità costituzionale, perché la commistione tra evasione ed elusione fiscale modifica il tipo in via interpretativa, né convenzionale perché le conseguenze non erano prevedibili quando furono realizzate le operazioni elusive.
L’antagonismo delle concezioni di legalità trova soluzione avuto riguardo ai fini di garanzia. Se è contrario alla Costituzione accogliere un’idea di legalità-prevedibilità che prescinda dalla riserva di legge, la finalità di maggior garanzia possibile, esplicitata all’art. 53 della CEDU, non consente alternative alla sinergia: la legalità convenzionale sarà più garantista se integra quella costituzionale.
La trasposizione sul piano interno della prevedibilità rileva sul distinto piano della colpevolezza, trova aggancio all’art. 5 c.p. e sposta la questione sulla conoscibilità dell’illecito. Alla rilevanza penale dell’abuso del diritto in materia tributaria ostava anche il principio di colpevolezza non potendosi muovere un rimprovero a fronte di un’ignoranza scusabile. L’affermata irrilevanza penale avrebbe dovuto spegnere definitivamente il fuoco dell’abuso del diritto, se non che alcune posizioni favorevoli al recupero in chiave di artificio espongono ancora il principio di legalità al pericolo di un fuoco sotto la cenere.Metaphorically speaking, the relationship between criminal liability and abuse of law may be described as a flame beneath ashes. In summary, a punishment based on the abuse of law is not consistent with the principle of legality recognized by the Italian Constitution: according to the Article 25, paragraph 2, in fact, no one may be punished except on the basis of a law enacted by the Parliament. Nevertheless, an infringement of the constitutional principle of legality occurred in the Dolce & Gabbana case where a criminal conviction for tax avoidance was pronounced by the Criminal Courts. In the lack of an express provision punishing tax avoidance, only tax evasion may be punished under Italian criminal law. Moreover, the punishment for tax avoidance was not foreseeable according to the principle of legality enshrined in Article 7 of the ECHR due to the fact that prior to the “Dolce & Gabbana” case tax avoidance was not qualified as an offence in the Italian case-law.
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Buffa, M. "TRATTENUTI E TRATTAMENTI ESISTENZE E SPAZI FRA PENALE E NON PENALE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/357894.
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The main aim of this thesis is to investigate the experiences that can be traced to the notion of "withholding” (or trattenimento according to the Italian more precise way to literally describe this phenomenon). By this term I refer to those physical spaces of social inclusion and exclusion within which existences are held without an apparent (at least at the beginning) normative justification. I consider these situations inherently anomic but surprisingly recurring in our century and the latter part of the previous one.
The coercive restraintment in well-defined spaces, brought by the breach of a rule of criminal law, defines a new status of existence, that of "withheld” (or trattenuti). The reality of this (relatively) new form of life has been the main subject of my research as direct product of the obsession for securitization. Withholding is presented to the researcher as a sort of permanent state of exception.The heterogeneity of the places of withholding of existences has been studied from the point of view of the geographical location. From this analysis I have been able to underline the global nature of the phenomenon and, thanks to the concrete forms of execution, to legitimize the image of continuity with the experience of the internment camps, mentioned above.
For the withholding process, in some cases, a whole geographical space is directly used: islands, archipelagos and enclaves. Other times it uses urban structures: I am referring to ghettos (from the Parisian suburbs, or banlieux, to the ghetto of Shanghai) and even to boundary walls.
Walls and borders carry an inherent exclusion, but sometimes their meaning is much more profound. The story of the Berliner Mauer is, from this point of view, absolutely paradigmatic. Behind the justification of action and preventive safety, the lives and rights are deleted. Even the name periodically returns with the strength of the model and example, although negative. It is the "wall of shame", the wall of Tijuana that separates Mexico from the United States, the wall that separates the Western Sahara territories Moroccan domination from those of Arab domination, the separation wall between Israel and the West Bank.
In other cases withholding takes place in constructed and ad hoc delimited situations: like centers of temporary stay and assistance (CPTA), today CIE following the intervention of the EU law; the safety devices terrorism in national and international transport (waiting rooms in airports and train stations); the "red zones" at the summits of heads of state and government of the world (not least the Genoese one in 2001). We can observe, together with Foucault, the mutation of the police apparatus in a system of "governmentality". But places of withholding are not just a European experience. I’m thinking about the internment camps in Libya or Palestinian occupied territories. They have now really assumed the form of an anonymous “archipelago – gulag” of segregation and detention. Especially after the second Intifada, the territories seem to have taken almost spontaneously the structure of the internment camp, while the freedom of movement of Palestinians fades, the principle of detention seems to appear with ever greater clarity. We are really confronted with the genesis of a biopolitics of progressive isolation of the Palestinian territories; the confinement of a people in a dimension of functional enclave of control. A state of emergency becomes a form of government.
Looking to withheld existences, the common feature seems to be the rejection of normalization of difference. We are dealing with lives or threatening, social pathologies that power must identify and separate. The referent is mainly represented by minorities (ethnic-racial, linguistic, religious, political) deserving, if not elimination, of some concealment. Screw deviant, but also, and especially meaningful in the sense that has been indicated above, anomic as stolen from the ordinary processes of criminalization with the intervention of the criminal law. It is a “sacred" existence in a process of reflection that starts with Jean Marie Guyau, passes through Emile Durkheim, and finally comes to Giorgio Agamben. Withheld’s lives are worthless, according to Hannah Arendt' "exemplary human being reduced to the most elementary reactions, the model citizen of a totalitarian state, a city that can be produced only imperfectly outside the camp."
A distinction, however, seems possible and reasonable, in light of the observations made so far. According to Bauman withheld can be divided in outsiders and insiders. The first earn their subjection to detention just because they come from another jurisdiction which makes them extra-national (stateless) or, more generally, foreigners; while on the other side we look at that surplus of native humanity who, unable to be violently amputee, should be at least hidden or fenced, building spaces of anti-city in cities. The last part of my research is dedicated to an ethnographic study of these dimensions, a qualitative research carried out in many centers of detention and "reception". Empathy has been one of the most important instruments in the interviews in order to understand. to verstehen, in a weberian way and approach, the existences and spaces between criminal and non criminal Law. Ethnography is always the writing of difference, but with the aim to make closer words that seem to be only apparently far from each other (especially in terms of understanding).
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Moura, Andréa Figueiredo Procopio de. "Ocorrência do 7-cetocolesterol e efeito de processamentos térmicos sobre sua formação em camarão-rosa ( Penaeus brasiliensis + Penaeus paulensis) ou Efeito de processamentos térmicos sobre ocorrência do 7-cetocolesterol ( Penaeus brasiliensis + Penaeus paulensis)." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-04032015-092135/.
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o colesterol, como um lipídeo insaturado, está sujeito à oxidação levando à formação de óxidos biologicamente ativos, capazes de desencadear processos aterogênicos, mutagênicos e cancerígenos. A presença de luz, calor, radiações ionizantes, ácidos graxos polinsaturados e a exposição ao oxigênio desencadeiam o processo oxidativo do colesterol. Durante o processamento térmico e subseqüente estocagem, os alimentos são submetidos a vários destes fatores, levando à oxidação. Os moluscos e crustáceos, além da presença de polinsaturados, apresentam níveis elevados de colesterol, possuindo portanto, um grande potencial para formação de óxidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de óxidos de colesterol em camarão-rosa fresco (Penaeus brasiliensis e Penaeus paulensis) e a sua formação durante o cozimento e a fritura. O 7- cetocolesterol foi utilizado como indicador da oxidação do colesterol, por ser formado em maior quantidade e nos estágios iniciais da oxidação. Nossos resultados relataram a ocorrência de 7 -cetocolesterol em amostras comerciais frescas de camarão-rosa (P. brasiliensis + P. paulensis). O 7 -cetocolesterol livre quantificado apresentou concentrações que variaram entre 0,185 e O, 366µg/g, com valor médio de 0,230µg/g. O processamento térmico do camarão-rosa fresco, de um modo geral, levou a uma diminuição nas concentrações de colesterol e 7 -cetocolesterol livres. Essa redução foi bem maior na fritura do que no cozimento, e mais acentuada para o 7 -cetocolesterol do que para o colesterol. A fritura foi o processamento que provocou maior alteração na composição lipídica do camarão. A redução nas concentrações de colesterol e 7 -cetocolesterol livre em camarão-rosa processado foi relacionada com a eluição destes compostos nos meios de processamento. Este fato foi confirmado pela presença destes dois compostos na água utilizada no cozimento e no óleo de fritura.The cholesterol, as a unsaturated lipid, undergoes to autoxidation witch results in the production of cholesterol oxides that exert a ride range of biological activities such as atherosclerosis and mutagenicity and carcinogenesis. The light and oxygen exposure, heat-processing and polyunsaturated fatty acids presence can accelerate cholesterol oxidation. During the cooking and subsequent storage, foods are exposed to a several of these factors, taking to the oxidation. Because of the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the high leveis of cholesterol the mollusks and crustaceans have a great potential for oxides production. The objective of this work was evaluate to occurrence of cholesterol oxides in fresh pinkshrimp (Penaeus brasiliensis and Penaeus paulensis) and their formation during the boiling and deep-frying. The 7 -ketocholesterol was used as a \'tracer\' of the degree of cholesterol oxidation, due to its fast and continuous formation and this relatively high amounts with respect to the other oxidation products. Our results showed the occurrence of 7 -ketocholesterol in fresh commercial samples of pink-shrimp (P. brasiliensis + P. paulensis). The amount of free 7 -ketocholesterol found in raw samples was 0,185 to 0,366 µg/g, with average of 0,230µg/g. In general, cooking of pink-shrimp decreased the free cholesterol and 7 -ketocholesterol concentrations. That decrease in frying was higher than in boiling and was more pronounced for 7- ketocholesterol than for cholesterol. The frying was the cooking that result the highest alteration in lipid composition of shrimp. The reduction of free cholesterol and 7 -ketocholesterol concentrations in processed pink-shrimp was related with elution of these compounds by the cooking medium. This fact was confirmed by presence of cholesterol and 7 -ketocholesterol in the boiling water and in the frying oil.
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Gerth, Daniel. "Tikhonov regularization with oversmoothing penalties." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-216262.
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In the last decade l1-regularization became a powerful and popular tool for the regularization of Inverse Problems. While in the early years sparse solution were in the focus of research, recently also the case that the coefficients of the exact solution decay sufficiently fast was under consideration. In this paper we seek to show that l1-regularization is applicable and leads to optimal convergence rates even when the exact solution does not belong to l1 but only to l2. This is a particular example of over-smoothing regularization, i.e., the penalty implies smoothness properties the exact solution does not fulfill. We will make some statements on convergence also in this general context.
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Lindman, Carl-Johan. "Tax Penalties in Transfer Pricing." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-389627.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine both the conditions for levying tax penalties in transfer pricing and the sustainability of the Swedish tax penalty framework in regard to transfer pricing in a post-BEPS world. This question is of relevance as BEPS has resulted in more extensive documentation requirements, affecting both the tax payer’s tax assessment procedure and the Swedish Tax Agency’s auditing practice. Tax penalties were introduced in order to incentivize the tax payer to disclose relevant information for the tax assessment. The scope of relevant information is relative to the correction rule, which has a significant connection to the OECD and BEPS. This thesis concludes that in a post-BEPS world, relevant information relates to domestic developments of the correction rule produced by the legislator, case law and the Swedish Tax Agency. Furthermore, this thesis concludes that transfer pricing documentation in full compliance with the Swedish content requirements should greatly mitigate a tax payer’s risk of being subjected to tax penalties. Court rulings from the lower administrative courts regarding tax penalties in transfer pricing demonstrate contradictory views to that of statutory law, case law and preparatory works. These opposing views constitute the current framework of tax penalties in transfer pricing, which is neither sustainable nor appropriate. For this reason, the Swedish tax system requires either extensive case law or statutory reform on the subject. This thesis concludes that statutory reform would perhaps be the most appropriate development in light of certain aspects of the principle of legality. Proceeding from that conclusion, this thesis therefore presents two amendments to the Swedish tax penalty framework in regard to transfer pricing.
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Seitún, Diego Ignacio. "Peligrosidad y persona: consecuencias jurídico-penales frente al agresor sexual." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/442969.
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En los últimos años se observa una tendencia creciente a recurrir a criterios de peligrosidad para hacer frente a personas condenadas por delitos graves y de quienes se presume que volverán a delinquir, una vez que recuperen su libertad. Con este trabajo pretendo contestar si puede verse legitimado y bajo qué parámetros, un sistema de consecuencias jurídicas distintas y complementarias a la tradicional pena de prisión, fundado en la necesidad emergente de controlar o inocuizar a estas personas. Para ello, me he propuesto hacer una descripción de este tipo de reacciones asegurativas, limitándolas al caso de los delincuentes sexuales y, luego, avanzar con una propuesta de análisis de legitimidad anclada, principalmente, en la dogmática de la proporcionalidad. Asimismo pretendo contestar si, aun en estos casos, es posible recurrir a la prevención especial negativa de un modo exclusivo o será necesario complementarla con herramientas dirigidas a la resocialización.In the last years, an increasing tendency of resorting to dangerousness criteria is observed regarding persons condemned for serious crimes and in the case when it is presumed that they will commit said crimes again once they are free. With this paper I intend to answer if a criminal system of legal consequences different and supplementary to the traditional punishment of imprisonment, founded on the emerging need of controlling or incapacitating these persons, may be legitimated and under which parameters. To that effect, I focused on a description of this kind of measures of correction and prevention, limiting same to the case of sex offenders and, then, advance with a proposal of analysis of legitimacy based, basically, in the principle of proportionality. Likewise, I intend to answer if, even in these cases, it is possible to resort to the negative special prevention exclusively or if it is necessary to supplement same with tools oriented to the resocialization.
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Toledo, Sandoval Marcela, and Ramírez Ana María Bravo. "Tribunales penales internacionales y causales eximentes de responsabilidad penal internacional." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/107557.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)Este trabajo tendrá por objeto el análisis de los artículos pertinentes en los estatutos de los tribunales internacionales que regulan las causales eximentes de responsabilidad penal y la aplicación que de ella ha hecho la jurisprudencia de los mismos.
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Araya, Marco Juan Pablo. "Cheque : recopilación y clasificación jurisprudencial en materias penales y relacionadas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2001. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114539.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo
El propósito que ha inspirado este trabajo de recopilación y clasificación de fallos, ha sido únicamente el de tratar de ofrecer un espectro global y ordenado acerca de lo resuelto por nuestros tribunales de justicia a través del tiempo, en una materia o área del derecho en plena y cambiante construcción, como lo es la regulación jurídico-penal establecida en relación al instrumento de pago denominado cheque. De esta manera se persigue brindar a académicos, abogados y alumnos, un material e evidente utilidad práctica y de análisis, que no se encuentra a su disposición en estos tiempos, en los cuales la jurisprudencia ha cobrado una importancia vital para el progreso del derecho en general, y especialmente para el desarrollo de la doctrina, la actividad docente, el ejercicio de la profesión de abogado y la administración de justicia. Asimismo se busca otorgar al lector la posibilidad de conocer cómo ha sido la evolucióny las tendencias de la jurisprudencia, respecto de una parcel determinada del derecho
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Villalobos, Vallejos Hugo. "Sin segundas oportunidades : el sistema de antecedentes penales en Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/138950.
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El presente trabajo aborda la actividad registral del Estado y su vinculación con el sistema penal. Para ello, la investigación se centra en la distinción de tres sistemas que, considerados en conjunto, conforman el sistema de antecedentes penales en Chile. El primero de ellos lo constituye el sistema registral, el cual anota en el prontuario respectivo todas las sentencias condenatorias definitivas y ejecutoriadas sobre toda clase de delitos que recaigan sobre un individuo determinado. A su vez, estas anotaciones contenidas en el Registro General de Condenas, pueden ser modificadas por una serie de normas que contemplan distintas hipótesis para que los usuarios tengan la opción de eliminar u omitir los antecedentes penales a través de los mecanismos establecidos por la normativa vigente en Chile, y que conforman el sistema de eliminación y omisión. Finalmente, la tercera fase corresponde al sistema de distribución, compuesto por las vías de comunicación establecidas por ley para quienes quieran acceder a la información contenida en el Registro General de Condenas.
Sin embargo, la eficacia y necesidad de este sistema de antecedentes penales es cuestionada cuando, con ocasión del registro y distribución de antecedentes, el titular de dicha información es objeto de actos discriminatorios a nivel laboral, social y económico como resultado del uso que ciertos individuos de la sociedad hacen de los antecedentes penales. Así, los antecedentes penales se convierten en un currículum vitae negativo en quienes, incluso una vez cumplida sus condenas penales, buscan reintegrarse a la sociedad. Desde un punto de vista teórico, se analiza la relación que existe entre la pena como la potestad del Estado de irrogar un mal ante el quebrantamiento culpable de una norma penal, y los antecedentes penales como la extensión injustificada de esa irrogación de un mal a etapas posteriores a la ejecución de la pena
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Rodríguez, Sánchez Belén Cristina. "El fenómeno de teatralidad en los juicios orales penales chilenos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2019. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/165759.
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Tesis para optar al título de actrizLa investigación consiste en determinar la existencia del fenómeno de teatralidad en los elementos integrantes que se desarrollan en los juicios orales penales chilenos. Para esto, en primer lugar, el estudio se fundamenta en las diversas miradas sobre la teatralidad planteadas por variados autores que han abordado el tema, entre los que se destacan: Josette Féral, Óscar Cornago y Erving Goffman. Las visiones de estos teóricos mencionados se aproximan a pensar el fenómeno de teatralidad como un marco de referencia para analizar estructuras sociales. Posteriormente, se expone la teatralidad como un proceso no exclusivo del medio teatral, sino que como un fenómeno social y, por ello, “como un sistema de códigos en el que se privilegia la construcción y percepción visual del mundo y en el que los signos enfatizan la comunicación por medio de imágenes (…) El mundo percibido como escenario en el cual se actúa y los emisores de signos emiten tantos signos visuales y lingüísticos” (Villegas, 2009, p. 53). Desde aquella mirada teatralizante –y en la que se han identificado los siguientes elementos que la conforman: fenómeno de representación, medialidad y concepto de rol– se estudia el evento jurídico conocido como juicio oral en nuestro sistema procesal penal, entendido tal evento como un sistema de representación. Se examinan, por considerarse un aspecto esencial de este análisis, los antecedentes y las características actuales del juicio oral chileno. Además de los estudios teóricos, anteriormente señalados, se emplea la técnica de observación participante en un juicio por delito de abuso sexual y en un juicio por robo con intimidación observados el 24 y el 25 de mayo de 2018 respectivamente, para analizar, cabalmente, los principios de oralidad y publicidad del hecho jurídico que se asocian al fenómeno de teatralidad.
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TAVERRITI, SARA BIANCA. "L'AUTOCONTROLLO PENALE. RESPONSABILITÀ PENALE E MODELLI DI AUTONORMAZIONE DEI DESTINATARI DEL PRECETTO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/619498.
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La ricerca prende l’abbrivio dalla constatazione della crescente importanza acquisita, nel panorama delle fonti penalistiche, dal fenomeno dell’autonormazione: prodotto del diritto penale post-moderno consistente nell’autoimposizione, da parte dei destinatari stessi della norma, di precetti comportamentali in chiave criminal-preventiva. Oltre al ruolo ambivalente del principio di legalità penale (effetto e causa, al contempo, del fenomeno qui preso in considerazione), l’interesse del penalista per l’approfondimento scientifico del fenomeno è sollecitato dal potenziale che quest’ultimo rivela come alternativa (sostitutiva o integrata) rispetto al diritto penale.
Il primo capitolo è dedicato alla ricostruzione delle cause che hanno dato origine al fenomeno, all’uopo ripartite in due macro-categorie: (i) le cause di ordine generale, per l’enucleazione delle quali è stata condotta una ricerca che spazia nelle materie sociologiche, economiche e giusfilosofiche; (ii) le cause di natura giuridica, che sono state investigate considerando sia le manifestazioni comuni all’intero ordinamento giuridico, sia quelle specifiche della penalistica, in cui la crisi del principio della riserva di legge e il declino del diritto penale classico assumono un’importanza cruciale.
Nel secondo capitolo, il focus dell’analisi si concentra sulla dimensione strutturale del paradigma autonormativo per come emerso nelle sue principali manifestazioni e nelle concettualizzazioni teoriche maturate soprattutto grazie all’approfondimento riservato al fenomeno della Self-Regulation dagli studiosi di area anglosassone. La paradigmatica dell’autonormazione viene scrutinata tanto nelle sue singole componenti costitutive statiche, quanto nei suoi moti dinamici come strategia regolatoria all’interno dell’ordinamento.
La ricerca si sposta nel terzo capitolo dalla struttura alla funzione, con l’obiettivo di ricavare i criteri di politica-criminale strumentali all’impiego dell’autonormazione nel sistema penale. A tal fine, sono state esplorate le possibili relazioni interordinamentali di raccordo tra sistemi autonormativi e ordinamento statale, applicando una metodologia mutuata dall’impostazione di Santi Romano ma ambientata sul terreno del diritto penale e delle sue alternative.
Nel quarto capitolo l’indagine si rivolge verso i più eminenti esempi di autonormazione manifestatisi nell’ordinamento italiano: i modelli organizzativi ex D. Lgs. 231 del 2001; i piani per la prevenzione della corruzione nella P.A.; le linee guida medico-chirurgiche per lo svolgimento delle attività sanitaria. Oltre a una disamina ricognitiva della disciplina di questi sub-sistemi normativi, i tre banchi di prova vengono scandagliati in chiave struttural-funzionalistica alla luce dei criteri di analisi illustrati nel secondo capitolo e ricavati nel terzo.
Il capitolo 5 chiude il lavoro proiettando i risultati delle ricerche sul piano della teoria del reato, per verificare quale impatto abbia/possa avere l’autonormazione sulla dogmatica. Dopo aver passato in rassegna le possibili ricadute sulle diverse categorie penalistiche, la chiosa finale valorizza il potenziale del diritto riflessivo come candidato ideale per la concretizzazione della clausola di extrema ratio in materia penale. L’uso dell’autonormazione come strumento alternativo rispetto al diritto penale viene ritenuto, infatti, il profilo applicativo più promettente e degno di essere ulteriormente esplorato.One of the crucial challenges of Criminal Law in the new millennium is to deal with the complexity of contemporary society. The traditional approach based on the State monopoly on criminal matters keeps abreast no longer with the scientific-technological sophistication and the rate of changes in criminal behavior in the era of globalization. In this scenario, we witness the rise of Self-Regulation as an auxiliary tool of crime prevention, whose main goal is to fill the vacuum and to compensate for the rapid obsolescence of state legislation. Compliance Programs, Anti-Bribery Plans, Clinical Guidelines are some of the elements of a diverse constellation of cases in which preventive measures, behavioral rules, surveillance, and sanctions are issued and enforced by a legislator who coincides with the recipient, and which is often a private actor. Nevertheless, the ambivalence of Self-Regulation lies in the fact that – in the face of some positive externalities promised – this paradigm could jeopardize some of the fundamental principles of Criminal Law. The aim of this work is to provide a critical analysis of such phenomenon in order to verify the compatibility of Self-Regulation with the Rule of Law and to assess its efficacy in deterring and detecting misconducts.
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Guimarães, Marcello Ovidio Lopes. "Eutanásia: novas considerações penais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-07072010-151229/.
Full textAbstract:
Le présent travail consiste en la proposition dune étude de leuthanasie dans sés divers aspects , lesquels apparaissent dans de vastes et distincts secteurs de la connaissance humaine, quils soient philosophiques, religieux, historiques, culturels, sociologiques, politiques et, en particulier, juridiques. Létude commence par la notion générale sur le thème de leuthanasie, cherche à présenter quelques définitions apportées par dês auteurs des plus différents courants , dans le but de trouver une définition permettant à que la norme légale sadapte au concept extrait, sous les garanties constitutionnelles - individuelles et sociales - pertinentes . Suit lappréciation historique de la notion de mort, sa relation avec la morale et léthique, la religion, la sociologie et le droit , ainsi que lidée de la mort par pitié dans le déroulement de lordre juridique. Sont aussi vues les notions du droi t à la vie, du droi t sur la vie, du droi t à la mort et du droi t de mourir dignement , en plus des principes de la dignité de la personne humaine, de lintimité et de lautonomie de la volonté. Cest présenté, dailleurs , un classement euthanasique essentiel, où on mentionne certaines figures qui sapproprient indûment du terme. Une attention importante est consacrée aux critères de létat terminal , de la maladie inguérissable et de la douleur intolérable. De même façon sont traités les instituts de lorthothanasie et ceux de la disthanasie, et la relation de leuthanasie avec le suicide assisté, lavortement, la manipulation dembryons et le moment (légal) de la mort. Il faut souligner, également , lanalyse de l importance du consentement de lintéressé, les différentes compréhension concernant les aspects juridiques de leuthanasie, de sa relation avec le balancement de biens juridiques sous tutelle et vulnérés , et des fondements constitutionnels pour lincrimination, mitigation spéciale de peine ou impunité de la conduite. Et finalement, ont été analysés les projets de loi nationaux et la législatíon étrangère sur le thème, ayant encore été discutés quelques types pénaux à lui pertinents et formulés, génériquement, de nouveaux types.Consiste o trabalho em tela na proposição de um estudo da eutanásia em seus variados aspectos, que se refletem em amplos e distintos setores do conhecimento humano, sejam eles filosóficos, religiosos, históricos, culturais, sociológicos, políticos e, particularmente, jurídicos. O estudo é iniciado com a noção geral sobre o tema eutanásico, procurando-se apresentar definições trazidas por autores dos mais diferentes matizes, na busca de uma definição que permita à norma legal amoldar-se ao conceito extraído, sob as garantias constitucionais - individuais e sociais - pertinentes. Segue-se a apreciação histórica da noção de morte, sua relação com a moral e a ética, a religião, a sociologia e o direito, assim como a idéia da morte piedosa no transcorrer do ordenamento jurídico pátrio. Também são abordadas as noções do direito à vida, do direito sobre a vida, do direito à morte e do direito de morrer dignamente, além dos princípios da dignidade da pessoa humana, da intimidade e da autonomia da vontade. Apresenta-se, ademais, uma classificação eutanásica essencial, mencionando-se algumas figuras que indevidamente se apropriam do termo, assim como é dispensada particular atenção aos critérios do estado terminal, da doença incurável e da dor intolerável. De igual modo são tratados os institutos da ortotanásia e da distanásia, e a relação da eutanásia com o suicídio assistido, o aborto, a manipulação de embriões e o momento (legal) da morte. Releva anotar, outrossim, a análise da relevância do consentimento do interessado, os diferentes entendimentos acerca dos aspectos jurídicos da eutanásia, de sua relação com o balanceamento de bens jurídicos tutelados e vulnerados, e dos fundamentos constitucionais para a incriminação, mitigação especial de pena ou impunidade da conduta. Por fim, analisaram-se os projetos de lei pátrios e a legislação estrangeira sobre o tema, sendo ainda discutidos alguns tipos penais a ele pertinentes e formulados, genericamente, novos tipos.
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Armano, Cassandra Raffaella <1988>. "L'irrilevanza penale dell'elusione fiscale." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8857.
Full textAbstract:
L'elaborato si propone di esaminare il fenomeno dell'elusione fiscale alla luce della nuova normativa e delle implicazioni che questa avrà sotto il profilo sanzionatorio. Si procederà all'analisi delle incertezze della fattispecie e della sua regolamentazione che hanno condotto dottrina e giurisprudenza ad un dibattuto ventennale. Si esaminerà poi un caso concreto con riferimento ad una recente sentenza.
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REMELLI, ALICE. "L'imparzialità del giudice penale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/105552.
Full textAbstract:
Tra i caratteri distintivi della funzione giurisdizionale assumono un rilievo particolare l’indipendenza e l’imparzialità dei soggetti chiamati al suo esercizio. La figura del giudice delineata dalla Costituzione è connaturata da una posizione di estraneità rispetto agli interessi coinvolti nella res iudicanda e di assenza di pregiudizi (sancita implicitamente dagli art. 3 e 101 Cost.), nonché di piena autonomia dalle parti processuali, dagli altri poteri dello Stato e dalla stessa organizzazione giudiziaria (art. 101 e 104 Cost.). Anche le principali convenzioni internazionali in tema di diritti della persona e di processo penale riconoscono la necessità che il giudice sia indipendente e imparziale; tuttavia, l’imparzialità viene in risalto in un’ottica diversa, non più come garanzia di regolare svolgimento della giurisdizione, ma come diritto del singolo, presupposto del più ampio diritto ad un giusto processo. Ci si riferisce all’art. 6 comma 1 Conv. eur. dir. uomo, all’art. 14 comma 1 Patto intern. dir. civ. pol., nonché, pur non trattandosi di una vera e propria fonte vincolante, all’art. 10 della Dichiarazione universale dei diritti dell’uomo del 10 dicembre 1948.
I due requisiti essenziali della qualità stessa di giudice, pur dotati di una indubbia autonomia concettuale, non sembrano suscettibili d separata tutela, risultando difficile affermare l’esistenza dell’uno in assenza dell’altro. Del resto, la stessa giurisprudenza costituzionale ha ribadito più volte l’esistenza di un rapporto di stretta connessione, poiché ‹‹il principio dell’indipendenza è volto ad assicurare l’imparzialità del giudice o meglio […] l’esclusione di ogni pericolo di parzialità, onde sia assicurata al giudice una posizione assolutamente ‘super partes’›› (C. cost., sent. 3 aprile 1969 n. 60).
Gli istituti dell’incompatibilità, dell’astensione, della ricusazione e della rimessione si presentano quindi come garanzie sia dell’imparzialità sia di quell’aspetto dell’indipendenza che può definirsi come “indipendenza funzionale”, ossia come non soggezione ad altri nell’esercizio della funzione giurisdizionale, sempre in rapporto ad ogni singolo processo. Rimane invece sullo sfondo l’“indipendenza organica”, come indipendenza dell’organizzazione giudiziaria nel suo complesso. E’ necessario precisare anche che le ipotesi normative in cui il giudice è ritenuto suspectus non indicano una effettiva assenza di serenità ed obiettività nel magistrato, ma una semplice possibilità di dubbio, dalla quale è doveroso liberare la delicata materia dei giudizi penali.
La Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo ha più volte distinto, all’interno del principio di imparzialità del giudice, un aspetto soggettivo (presunto fino a prova contraria) dato dalla posizione personale del singolo magistrato, e un aspetto oggettivo (da valutarsi caso per caso) costituito dalla presenza di situazioni normative, funzionali ed organiche tali da allontanare ogni sospetto di parzialità. In questa materia anche le apparenze infatti possono rivestire una certa importanza, ed in uno Stato democratico è fondamentale che i giudici ispirino fiducia al pubblico e, soprattutto, all’accusato (C. eur. dir. uomo 26 ottobre 1984, De Cubber).Independence and impartiality of the judges are distinctive characteristics of the judicial function. The position of the judge outlined by the Constitution is characterized by the alienation from the interests involved in the res iudicanda and by the absence of prejudice (implicitly defined by articles 3 and 101 of the Constitution), as well as by full independence from the parties of the proceedings, from the other State powers and from the judicial organization itself (articles 101 and 104 of the Constitution). Even the main international conventions in the field of human rights and criminal trial recognize the need for the judge to be independent and impartial. However, impartiality is highlighted in a different view, not as objective guarantee, but as a right of the individual, as assumption of the wider right to a fair trial. Reference is made to article 6 paragraph 1 of European Convention on Human Rights, article 14 paragraph 1 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and to article 10 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10 December 1948, although this is not a real binding act,. The two essential requirements of the judge nature, even if with an undeniable conceptual autonomy, do not seem susceptible of separate protection, making it hard to confirm the existence of one without the other. Moreover, the same constitutional jurisprudence has repeatedly stated that there is a relationship of close connection, since << the principle of independence is intended to ensure the impartiality of the judge or better [...] the exclusion of any risk of partiality, so as to ensure the judge a clear 'super partes' positon >> (C. cost., sent. 3 April 1969 n. 60). Incompatibility, abstention, recusal and remission are guarantees both of impartiality both of "functional independence", i.e. as non subjection to others in their judicial function, always in relation to any individual trial. However, it remains in the background the '' organic independence ", that is independence of the judicial organization as a whole. It is necessary to specify that the legal assumptions on which the judge is deemed suspectus do not mean an actual lack of serenity and objectivity in the judge, but a mere possibility of doubt, from which the delicate subject of criminal proceedings should be made free. The European Court of Human Rights has repeatedly distinguished, within the principle of impartiality of the judge, a subjective aspect (presumed until proven otherwise) given by the personal position of the individual judge, and an objective aspect (to be assessed on a case by case) constituted by the presence of legal situations, functional and organic, such as to remove any suspicion of partiality. In this matter even appearances can indeed be of some importance, and in a democracy it is essential that judges inspire confidence to the society and, above all, to the accused (E.C.H.R. October 26, 1984, De Cubber).
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Pugliese, Antonio <1992>. "Cause celebri, giustizia penale e informazione. La giustizia penale nello specchio dell'informazione giornalistica." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9656/1/TESI_PUGLIESE_Cause%20celebri%2C%20giustizia%20penale%20e%20informazione.%20La%20giustizia%20penale%20nello%20specchio%20dell%27informazione%20giornalistica.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
La tesi approfondisce gli aspetti problematici del rapporto tra processo penale e informazione giornalistica. Si è così ritenuto opportuno suddividere la ricerca in due sezioni, una casistica, l’altra prettamente teorica. Nella sezione teorica si è posta l’attenzione sulle questioni più dibattute: tutela della verginità cognitiva del giudice, dei segreti processuali, della libertà di cronaca, della riservatezza di quanti siano anche solo occasionalmente accostati ad un’indagine penale, dell’autodeterminazione delle persone che partecipano al processo e del sereno svolgimento di quest’ultimo. Il fine ultimo è stato quello di porre sotto esame gli attuali equilibri delineati dal codice. Laddove si è potuta osservare una inadeguatezza legislativa si è tentato di avanzare una proposta di riforma. Sul punto, da un lato si sono potute osservare alcune incongruenze oggi riscontrabili nell’art. 114 c.p.p. Il tutto nella ritrovata consapevolezza che il dilemmatico rapporto tra processo e mass media può rischiare finanche di impattare sulle dinamiche probatorie, col serio rischio di inquinamento di alcune prove dichiarative. Il futuribile testimone esposto all’influenza dell’opinione pubblica può restarne scosso o turbato, al punto da potere soffrire di un’alterazione mnemonica del suo ricordo. Non per ultimo, di ausilio si è mostrata la prospettiva comparata, dalla quale si sono potuti trarre validi spunti per una ideale soluzione dei problemi passati in rassegna. Su questo versante, si è osservato il sistema spagnolo, interessati a cogliere gli equilibri costituzionali sui quali si erge il rapporto tra libertà di cronaca e processo penale e le regole codicistiche in tema di propalazione di atti giudiziari all’opinione pubblica iberica. All’esito, si sono potute trarre le conclusioni ripercorse nel testo.This thesis explores the problematic aspects of the relationship between criminal proceedings and journalistic information. It was therefore considered appropriate to divide the research into two sections, one case study, the other purely theoretical. In the theoretical section, attention was focused on the most debated issues: the protection of the judge's cognitive virginity, the protection of procedural secrets, of the freedom of the press, of the confidentiality of those who are even only occasionally approached by a criminal investigation, of the self-determination of the persons participating in the trial and of the serene development of the latter. The ultimate aim was to examine the current balances laid down in the code. Where legislative inadequacy could be observed, an attempt was made to put forward a proposal for reform. It was possible to observe some inconsistencies in Article 114 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Not only this.The future witness exposed to the influence of public opinion may be shaken or disturbed, to the point of suffering a mnemonic alteration of his memory. Last but not least, a comparative perspective was helpful, from which valuable ideas could be drawn for an ideal solution to the problems reviewed. On this side, the Spanish system was observed, interested in understanding the constitutional balances on which the relationship between freedom of reporting and criminal trial is built and the codified rules on the dissemination of judicial acts to the Iberian public opinion.At the end, it was possible to draw conclusions.
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CUCINOTTA, CARLO. "Sicurezza alimentare e diritto penale. Uno studio sulla tutela penale della salute pubblica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1437676.
Full textAbstract:
Il lavoro affronta una tematica di particolare attualità nel panorama scientifico, concernente la tutela penale della salute pubblica nel settore alimentare. Il presente studio è suddiviso in cinque capitoli: premesse un’indagine di teoria generale sui reati di pericolo (cap. I) e un’analisi storico-comparatistica sulla tutela penale della salute pubblica (cap. II), vengono approfondite le principali problematiche che caratterizzano la disciplina vigente dei reati alimentari (cap. III) e le relative interrelazioni con la normativa sovranazionale (cap. IV), mentre per finire sono esaminate le prospettive di riforma del settore in esame attraverso lo studio di un recente disegno di legge (cap. V).
Più precisamente, la ricerca si diparte da un’analisi delle tecniche normative che si offrono al legislatore nella tutela della salute dei consumatori in materia alimentare. Vengono evidenziati i problemi di determinatezza e di praticabilità processuale che concernono i reati di pericolo concreto; sono esaminati i rapporti fra tale tecnica normativa e l’utilizzo del sapere epidemiologico; sono approfonditi i pregi e gli inconvenienti connessi alle ulteriori tecniche di tutela anticipata; particolare attenzione è infine dedicata all’utilizzo dei c.d. limiti-soglia, di cui viene analizzata la posizione nella struttura del reato, la disciplina giuridica, il relativo procedimento di determinazione, nonché i rapporti con i principi di riserva di legge e di offensività.
Alla luce di siffatta impostazione, il lavoro procede a investigare l’origine storica dell’attuale disciplina dei reati contro la salute pubblica, nella consapevolezza che la comprensione dei problemi posti dalle fattispecie vigenti non può che passare dalla storia entro cui esse si sono formate. L’analisi è dedicata anzitutto ai principali modelli di codificazione che hanno influenzato la redazione del codice Zanardelli – tra cui il codice napoleonico del 1810, i codici dell’Italia preunitaria e il codice dell’impero tedesco del 1871 –, a cui segue una ricostruzione dei relativi lavori preparatori, tesa a comprendere i profili dogmatici e politico-criminali che caratterizzano i delitti contro la salute pubblica nel codice del 1889.
A questo punto la ricerca si sposta sulla normativa vigente. Dopo aver esaminato le problematiche connesse al trattamento sanzionatorio differenziato dei delitti contro la salute pubblica e proposto una ricostruzione maggiormente in linea con il rango primario ricoperto dalla salute all’interno della Costituzione, il lavoro affronta i problemi di tassatività e di ragionevolezza che concernono sia gli artt. 439 ss. c.p., sia il relativo rapporto con le contravvenzioni previste dalla l. n. 283 del 1962, giungendo a sostenere l’opportunità di superare la tradizionale concezione c.d. quantitativa del pericolo comune, incentrata sulla diffusività del danno minacciato. Successivamente vengono analizzati la riforma del settore alimentare operata dal legislatore europeo a partire dal Reg. CE n. 178 del 2002 e i relativi nessi con la disciplina nazionale degli illeciti alimentari, ponendo in luce le principali aporie del sistema sanzionatorio interno.
La ricerca si conclude esaminando il disegno di legge C. 2427 del 6 marzo 2020 ed evidenziando, attraverso la formulazione di talune proposte normative, l’opportunità di riformare la disciplina sanzionatoria del settore alimentare al fine di operare un equilibrato bilanciamento tra le istanze di tutela della salute dei consumatori e i principi di ragionevolezza, determinatezza e tassatività.The work deals with the criminal protection of public health in the food sector. The study is divided into five chapters: after a general theoretical investigation on endangerment crimes (ch. I) and a historical-comparative analysis on the criminal protection of public health (ch. II), the main problems that characterize the current discipline of food crimes (ch. III) and its interrelationship with the supranational legislation (ch. IV) are examined in depth, while finally the prospectives of reform of the sector are examined through the study of a recent draft law (ch. V). More precisely, the research starts from an analysis of the regulatory techniques available to the legislator in the protection of consumer health in the food sector. Then, the study focuses on: the problems of legal certainty and procedural practicability that concern concrete endangerment crimes; the relations between this normative technique and the use of epidemiology; the merits and drawbacks connected to further techniques of anticipated protection. Finally, particular attention is dedicated to the use of the so-called threshold limits, to their role in the structure of the crime as well as to their legal discipline, the relative determination procedure, and the relations with the rule of law and the principle of harmfulness. In the light of this approach, the work proceeds to investigate the historical origin of the current discipline of crimes against public health, in the awareness that the understanding of the problems posed by the current legislation needs to pass through the history within which it was formed. The analysis is first of all dedicated to the main codification models that have influenced the drafting of the Zanardelli code - including the Napoleonic code of 1810, the codes of pre-unification Italy and the code of the German empire of 1871 -, followed by a reconstruction of the related preparatory work, aimed at understanding the dogmatic and political-criminal profiles that characterise crimes against public health in the code of 1889. At this point, the research shifts to current legislation. After examining the problems connected to the differentiated sanctioning treatment of offences against public health and proposing a reconstruction more in line with the primary rank of health within the Italian Constitution, the work addresses the problems of taxability and reasonableness concerning both Articles 439 et seq. of the Criminal Code and the relative relationship with the offences provided for by Law no. 283 of 1962, coming to support the opportunity to overcome the traditional so-called quantitative conception of the public danger, centred on the diffuseness of the threatened damage. Subsequently, the reform of the food sector carried out by the European legislator starting from the EC Reg. n. 178 of 2002 and its connections with the national discipline of food offences are analysed, highlighting the main aporias of the internal sanctioning system. The research concludes by examining the draft law C. 2427 of 6 March 2020 and highlighting, through the formulation of some regulatory proposals, the opportunity to reform the sanctioning discipline of the food sector in order to strike a better balance between the need to protect the health of consumers and the principles of reasonableness and legal certainty.
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Garrido, Crino Vera Alejandra, and Reyes María Luisa Martínez. "Los aspectos penales de la ley no. 19.325 sobre violencia intrafamiliar." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113066.
Full textAbstract:
Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)El problema de la violencia familiar comienza a ser denunciado en nuestro país en la década del 80, a partir del trabajo de las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales. Esta preocupación se manifiesta en el programa de Gobierno de la Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia, donde se establece la necesidad de promover una legislación adecuada para enfrentar la situación de violencia contra la mujer. Posteriormente, como antecedente preparatorio del Servicio Nacional de la Mujer, se constituyó en el año 1991 una comisión con representantes de distintas instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, con el fin de avanzar en un diagnóstico compartido y proponer las medidas legales y de políticas para enfrentar la situación. El 13 de Mayo de 1992, se crea, por Decreto Supremo 108 una Comisión Asesora Interministerial para estudiar y proponer iniciativas y acciones destinadas a abordar y prevenir la violencia intra familiar
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Segura, Heros Oscar David. "Los sucesos de los penales y su repercusión en Izquierda Unida." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6238.
Full textAbstract:
El presente trabajo abordará las repercusiones que tuvo en Izquierda Unida (IU) la
decisión del gobierno del presidente Alan García de ordenar el debelamiento de los
motines protagonizados por los presos de Sendero Luminoso en las cárceles de
Lurigancho, El Frontón y Santa Bárbara, entre el 18 y 19 de junio de 1986.Tesis
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Yacolca, Estares Daniel Irwin. "Deficiencias y reformas de los tipos penales del delito tributario peruano." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8574.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorAnaliza porque los tipos penales del delito tributario no provocan prevención general en la población y especial en los evasores tributarios, llegando a observar que se debe porque dichos tipos adolecen de varias deficiencias en sus estructuras. No se puede diferenciar las infracciones con los delitos tributarios cuyas normas jurídicas son similares, debido a que no cuentan con una cuantía que los diferencien. Los tipos penales de peligro necesitan de elementos especiales que puedan reflejar fácilmente la norma prohibida con el fin de evitar confusiones en su interpretación, al integrarse con las normas tributarias que completen dichos tipos en blanco. La regulación del delito tributario requiere ser mejorado orgánicamente con el sistema penal, porque los tipos penales y las normas procesales vinculadas al delito tributario se encuentran contenidos en muchas leyes; como son el Código Tributario, La Ley Penal Tributaria, Leyes sectoriales y el propio Código Penal, que en la mayoría de veces son normas similares y complejas. Por lo que es necesario que se deroguen e incorporen todos los tipos penales del delito tributario en el Código Penal, para alcanzar una mejor prevención general y especial y una interpretación sistemática coherente, en el marco del derecho penal económico y las garantías constitucionales, superando de este modo la experiencia jurisprudencial que tenemos. Asimismo, se analiza la problemática sobre la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas versus a las consecuencias accesorias que a la fecha no se aplican. El presente trabajo de investigación es de tipo cualitativo y epistemológico, que sugiere mejorar las deficiencias mencionadas a la luz de la doctrina moderna desarrolladas en los campos de la economía y la tributación, respetando la codificación penal y la naturaleza de delito económico del delito tributario, valorada no solo con normas nacionales, sino también normas internacionales.
Tesis
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Aguirre, Chumbimuni Javier. "Hábeas corpus contra resoluciones judiciales penales en el Código Procesal Constitucional." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116390.
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Pérez, Riquelme Patricio. "Las otras consecuencias jurídico penales de los delitos sexuales contra menores." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/153086.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)La presente investigación está orientada a determinar cuáles son aquellas consecuencias jurídicas de los delitos más allá del cumplimiento de una condena privativa de libertad. En esta labor se aborda la actual legislación sobre esta materia, con énfasis en la pena de inhabilitación absoluta para cargos, empleos, oficios o profesiones ejercidos en ámbitos educacionales o que involucren una relación directa y habitual con personas menores de edad y además de la incorporación de dichas inhabilidades en la sección especial en el Registro Nacional de Condenas, conocido popularmente como el “Registro de Pedófilos”. Para ello se hace un análisis crítico no sólo de la normativa sobre delitos sexuales, sino que también de la política criminal en la persecución de estos, además de determinar los fines de estas penas y si cumplen realmente un fin preventivo como lo señala el espíritu de la ley o sólo constituyen una forma de generar una pena más gravosa para el condenado. También se hará un análisis de las consecuencias que tiene el “Registro de pedófilos” y si este significa una irrogación de un mal post penitenciario en los condenados. Por último, se busca determinar si es posible la reinserción social del agresor sexual y si es factible en definitiva corroborar la arraigada creencia de que un condenado por estos delitos tiene una alta tasa de reincidencia contrastando no solo la experiencia nacional, sino que también la comparada, a través de diversos estudios criminológicos, psicológicos y estadísticos a fin de otorgar certeza científica a los datos abordados.
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Rohde, Iturra Herbet. "Aspectos jurídicos penales relevantes del artículo 288 bis del código penal." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/165761.
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Tesis (magíster en derecho penal)Actividad Formativa Equivalente a Tesis (AFET)
La presente investigación propone un análisis de los tipos penales del inciso 1º y 2º del artículo 288 bis de nuestro Código Penal, especialmente en atención al elemento de la -—ausencia de—justificación razonable, contenida en el inciso 2º del citado artículo; delito que ha sido objeto de casi nulo análisis por la doctrina y la jurisprudencia. Así, se analiza el sentido, alcance y consecuencias jurídico penales de esta expresión, exponiendo las distintas posiciones que existen al respecto y sus consecuencias dogmáticas en el ámbito penal, en el sentido de intentar establecer si se trata de un requisito del tipo objetivo, una causal de justificación, una condición objetiva de punibilidad o bien un requisito de procesabilidad, expresando así nuestra postura al respecto, según la cual estamos en presencia de una auténtica causal de justificación y no en presencia de las otras alternativas enunciadas, refiriendo las razones que esgrimimos para adoptar tal posición y las consecuencias jurídico penales que de ello se derivan. También nos adentramos en nuestra investigación en la aplicabilidad —o no— de esta causal de justificación a la hipótesis del inciso 1º del artículo 288 bis del Código Penal; respecto del lugar, momento y cómo debe proporcionarse esta justificación razonable; el eventual conflicto que, en principio, pudiera existir y presentarse entre el derecho a guardar silencio y esta justificación razonable que, a nuestro juicio, siempre será de cargo de la defensa probar; revisando, por último, el escaso tratamiento que le ha dado la jurisprudencia a este delito.
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Zauberman, Renée. "Victimes d'infractions et justice penale." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA111001.
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L'auteur presente d'abord les conditions d'apparition de la victime dans le champ juridique et scientifique,et notamment ses liens avec des preoccupations de politique criminelle. Elle procede ensuite a un examen detaille des travaux de victimisation : leur orientation de base, le comptage de la criminalite, les questions de peur du crime et de signalement aux autorites, les theories criminologiques qu'ils ont permis de developper. A travers les problemes de methodes apparus, elle procede a l'examen critique du concept du crime tel qu'il est saisi a travers ces recherches : tenter de connaitre le crime a travers la victime c'est traiter sur le meme pied, comme un objet homogene, criminalite enregistree et criminalite inconnue, au seul motif qu'elles relevent toutes deux de la loi penale. Or ce critere verificateur en droit ne l'est pas en sociologie : pour le sociologue, le crime,au-dela de sa definition juridique abstraite est l'ensemble des actes qui sont concretement traites comme punissables par les institutions de la justice penale, puisqu'il n'existe aucun lien direct et necessaire entre l'accomplissement d'un acte formellement illegal et l'intervention penale. Dans cette critique se trouvent les fondements d'une tentative de reconstruction de l'objet des enquetes de victimisation. Reprenant dans les recherches existantes la problematique de l'approvisionnement du penal (place de la victime dans la mise en route de l'appareil) l'auteur tente de la depasser. Une recherche exploratoire de type qualitatif sur une population diversifiee de victimes d'infractions penales montre :-l'importance d'autres intervenants que le penal a la suite d'une victimisation;-la diversite des positions des victimes dans le champ des representations et des pratiques concernant le penal; -qu'en arriere-plan de toutes les analyses concernant les victimes se profilent la figure de l'etat et les questions concernant sa place dans les rapports sociauxThe a. First considers the conditions under which the victim has made its appearance as such in the legal and scientific fields, and particulary its links with criminal policy concerns. She then thoroughly examines victimization studies : their primary objective-counting crime- the issues they raided about fear of crime and reporting to authorities, the criminological theories developed on the basis of their results. The methodological problems that emerged gave the opportunity for a critical examination of the concept of crime as it is used in those studies : trying to build a knowledge of crime through its victims means treating recorded crime and unknown crime as equivalent as constituting a homogeneous phenomenon, on the sole ground of the common legal definition. But if this criterion is a unifying one according to law, it is not socaccording to sociology : crime, for the sociologist, beyond its abstract legal definition is a set of human actions that are concretely treated as punishable by the criminal justice agencies, as there is not direct and necessary link between the completion of a formally illegal act and the intervention of the criminal justice system. Building upon this critique, the a. Then tries to reconstruct the matter of victimization studies. Adopting the perspective that considers the outstanding role of the victim in mobilising the criminal justice agencies, the author tries to take it a stop further than in existing studice. A qualitative exploratory research on a diversified population of victime of criminal offences showrs -the role of actors others than the penal agencies, in the follow-up of victimization incident, -that there are different kind of victims in respect of attitudes and behaviours towards the criminal justice system. -that on the background of every approach of the victims, the figure of the state is looming with all the questions about its place in social relations
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Rella, Roberto <1978>. "Della negozialità nel diritto penale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/760/1/Tesi_Rella_Roberto.pdf.
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Rella, Roberto <1978>. "Della negozialità nel diritto penale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/760/.
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Tugnoli, Francesca <1986>. "Giustizia ristorativa e mediazione penale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7714/1/tugnoli_francesca_tesi.pdf.
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La tesi ha lo scopo di verificare l'opportunità di introdurre serie ipotesi di mediazione penale nel nostro ordinamento. Ciò che ci si propone, in particolare, è di superare le attuali mere affermazioni di facciata che vengono fatte di tale istituto, per giungere all'introduzione di forme di mediazione penale che siano realmente tali nel senso che, mediante la praticabilità di tale istituto, se ne dovrebbero raggiungere i reali benefici applicativi. A tal fine, l'analisi ripercorre la nascita e lo sviluppo della giustizia ristorativa e poi della mediazione penale come modalità di realizzazione di giustizia riparativa. Il contributo prosegue con l'esame della sostanza della mediazione e delle sue potenzialità, effettuata anche tramite la disamina di alcuni esempi tratti dall'esperienza inglese, ciò al fine di comprendere come le soluzioni ad oggi offerte dal nostro sistema - che vengono ripercorse alla luce delle più importanti ricerche ad oggi effettuate in Italia, in Europa ed in Inghilterra - non consentano di raggiungere analoghi benefici. Nella parte conclusiva del contributo, infine, alla luce di quanto emerso nel corso della tesi, si ipotizzano soluzioni ermeneutiche che, senza rinnegare il dettato costituzionale ed i nostri principi fondanti, consentano di introdurre forme di mediazione che possano definirsi realmente tali.In this thesis, the author critically explores the opportunity to introduce restorative conferences and victim-offender mediation in our criminal proceeding. In particular, this contribution stars with the analysis of foundation and development of restorative justice practices and how this procedure has influenced the victim conception and the born of the new conciliative paradigm. Subsequently, it examines the victim offender mediation itself as a type of restorative practices and how in our Country this procedures are used and applied: youth and juvenile probation; adult offenders probation and Justice of the Peace. Furthermore this contribution reports some English example of victim-offender mediation to show the importance of this procedures and it analyzes the most important research on that theme that have been done in Europe, England and Italy. At the end of the analysis, the author, after verified the perfect adaptability of this practices with our Constitution; purposes some hypothesis of mediation conferences, inspired from English system, to include them in our criminal proceeding.