Relevant bibliographies by topics / PEMFC : proton exchange membrane fuel cell

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Academic literature on the topic 'PEMFC : proton exchange membrane fuel cell'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 October 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "PEMFC : proton exchange membrane fuel cell"

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Li, Changjie, Bing Xu, and Zheshu Ma. "Ecological Performance of an Irreversible Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3846.

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In this paper a novel PEMFC voltage model considering the leakage current is established. Numerical simulation results based on the newly established PEMFC model is compared with the experimental results and indicates that they have a good match with the experimental results. Based on the proposed voltage model and previous studies, the PEMFC ecological criterion was proposed and derived. As well, other finite time thermodynamics objective functions including entropy yield, ecological objective function and ecological performance coefficient formula are derived for PEMFCs. Detailed numerical simulations are performed considering different design parameters and operating parameters. Ecological performance of an irreversible PEMFC is gained and such results can be further used for ecological optimization to yield maximum performance of the PEMFC.
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Wafiroh, Siti, Suyanto Suyanto, and Yuliana Yuliana. "PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI MEMBRAN KOMPOSIT KITOSAN-SODIUM ALGINAT TERFOSFORILASI SEBAGAI PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEMFC)." Jurnal Kimia Riset 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v1i1.2436.

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AbstrakDi era globalisasi ini, kebutuhan bahan bakar fosil semakin meningkat dan ketersediannya semakin menipis. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan bahan bakar alternatif seperti Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat dan mengkarakterisasi membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat dari rumput laut coklat (Sargassum sp.) terfosforilasi sebagai Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEM dibuat dengan 4 variasi perbandingan konsentrasi antara kitosan dengan sodium alginat 8:0, 8:1, 8:2, dan 8:4 (b/b). Membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat difosforilasi dengan STPP 2N. Karakterisasi PEM meliputi: uji tarik, swelling air, kapasitas penukar ion, FTIR, SEM, permeabilitas metanol, dan konduktivitas proton. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, membran yang optimal adalah perbandingan 8:1 (b/b) dengan nilai modulus young sebesar 0,0901 kN/cm2, swelling air sebesar 19,14 %, permeabilitas metanol sebesar 72,7 x 10-7, dan konduktivitas proton sebesar 4,7 x 10-5 S/cm. Membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat terfosforilasi memiliki kemampuan yang cukup baik untuk bisa diaplikasikan sebagai membran polimer elektrolit dalam PEMFC. Kata kunci: kitosan, sodium alginat, terfosforilasi, PEMFC AbstractIn this globalization era, the needs of fossil fuel certainly increases, but its providence decreases. Therefore, we need alternative fuels such as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). The purpose of this study is preparationand characterization of phosphorylated chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane from brown seaweed (Sargassum sp.) as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEM is produced with 4 variations of concentration ratio between chitosan and sodium alginate 8:0, 8:1, 8:2, and 8:4 (w/w). Chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane phosphorylated with 2 N STPP. The characterization of PEM include: tensile test, water swelling, ion exchange capacity, FTIR, SEM, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity. Based on the analysis result, the optimal membrane is ratio of 8:1 (w/w) with the value of Young’s modulus about 0.0901 kN/cm2, water swelling at 19.14%, methanol permeability about 72.7 x 10-7, and proton conductivity about 4.7 x 10-5 S/cm. The phosphorylated chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane has good potentials for the application of the polymer electrolyte membrane in PEMFC. Keywords: chitosan, sodium alginate, phosphorylated, PEMFC
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Jourdani, Mohammed, Hamid Mounir, and Abdellatif El Marjani. "Latest Trends and Challenges In Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01710010096.

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Background: During last few years, the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) underwent a huge development. Method: The different contributions to the design, the material of all components and the efficiencies are analyzed. Result: Many technical advances are introduced to increase the PEMFC fuel cell efficiency and lifetime for transportation, stationary and portable utilization. Conclusion: By the last years, the total cost of this system is decreasing. However, the remaining challenges that need to be overcome mean that it will be several years before full commercialization can take place.This paper gives an overview of the recent advancements in the development of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel cells and remaining challenges of PEMFC.
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Liu, Hongtan, Tianhong Zhou, and Ping Cheng. "Transport Phenomena Analysis in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Journal of Heat Transfer 127, no. 12 (April 8, 2005): 1363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2098830.

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The objective of this review is to provide a summary of modeling and experimental research efforts on transport phenomena in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Several representative PEMFC models and experimental studies in macro and micro PEMFCs are selected for discussion. No attempt is made to examine all the models or experimental studies, but rather the focus is to elucidate the macro-homogeneous modeling methodologies and representative experimental results. Since the transport phenomena are different in different regions of a fuel cell, fundamental phenomena in each region are first reviewed. This is followed by the presentation of various theoretical models on these transport processes in PEMFCs. Finally, experimental investigation on the cell performance of macro and micro PEMFC and DMFC is briefly presented.
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Madhav, Dharmjeet, Junru Wang, Rajesh Keloth, Jorben Mus, Frank Buysschaert, and Veerle Vandeginste. "A Review of Proton Exchange Membrane Degradation Pathways, Mechanisms, and Mitigation Strategies in a Fuel Cell." Energies 17, no. 5 (February 20, 2024): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17050998.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have the potential to tackle major challenges associated with fossil fuel-sourced energy consumption. Nafion, a perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membrane that has high proton conductivity and good chemical stability, is a standard proton exchange membrane (PEM) used in PEMFCs. However, PEM degradation is one of the significant issues in the long-term operation of PEMFCs. Membrane degradation can lead to a decrease in the performance and the lifespan of PEMFCs. The membrane can degrade through chemical, mechanical, and thermal pathways. This paper reviews the different causes of all three routes of PFSA degradation, underlying mechanisms, their effects, and mitigation strategies. A better understanding of different degradation pathways and mechanisms is valuable in producing robust fuel cell membranes. Hence, the progress in membrane fabrication for PEMFC application is also explored and summarized.
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MA, Jing, Qiang MA, Junjie WANG, Zhensong GUO, and Yasong SUN. "Effects of temperature and cathode humidity on performance of PEM full cell." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 41, no. 6 (December 2023): 1162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20234161162.

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The performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is significantly influenced by their temperature and cathode humidity, as they affect power density and internal water distribution. The interdependent nature of these two parameters necessitates their simultaneous consideration in practical engineering to achieve high efficiency and reliable PEMFC operation. Therefore, this study proposes a synergistic analysis of the dual-parameter effect of working temperature and cathode humidity on PEMFC performance, using a three-dimensional steady-state model for counter-flow single-channel PEMFCs. The model's correctness is verified through comparison with experimental results, and the resulting power density and internal water distribution characteristics of PEMFCs are studied based on voltage changes. The findings indicate that the sensitivity of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) to temperature and cathode humidity varies at different voltage stages. Coupling analysis of these two factors enhances proton exchange membrane conductivity and expands the range of power density adjustment. Consequently, this study provides crucial insights into the interplay between temperature and cathode humidity in PEMFCs, facilitating the design and optimization of PEMFC systems for practical engineering applications.
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Fan, Liping, Chong Li, and Kosta Boshnakov. "Performance Comparison of Three Different Controllers of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 8, no. 1 (May 29, 2015): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01508010115.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising clear and efficient new energy sources. An excellent control system is a normal working prerequisite for maintaining a fuel cell system in correct operating conditions. Conventional controllers could not satisfy the high performance to obtain the acceptable responses because of uncertainty, time-change, nonlinear, long-hysteresis and strong-coupling characteristics of PEMFCs. Based on the dynamic model of PEMFC, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller is proposed for PEMFC to realize constant voltage output and reliability service. Three different controllers, including fuzzy controller, fuzzy sliding mode controller and adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller, are designed and compared. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller for PEMFC can get satisfactory controlling effects.
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Jin, Jianhua, Xiaochun Xia, Yuchao Shi, Zhaoshun Wu, Xingyi Chen, and Wenxuan Zhang. "Temperature Maintenance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System Based on Genetic Algorithm." Advances in Computer and Materials Scienc Research 1, no. 1 (July 23, 2024): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.70114/acmsr.2024.1.1.p143.

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Temperature is one of the main factors affecting proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC). In severe cold conditions, when equipment with PEMFCs is shut down for a short period of time, the battery temperature will drop to below zero degrees Celsius. Under this condition, the generation of ice will increase the battery start-up time, and cold start of PEMFC often requires additional heat sources. At the same time, repeated cold starts will seriously reduce the lifespan of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Aiming at this problem, a temperature maintenance strategy is proposed for short-term low-power output of PEMFCs in severe cold conditions based on the temperature dynamic model of PEMFCs, which reduces energy loss through genetic algorithm effectively.
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Tseng, Jung Ge, Der Ren Hsiao, and Bo Wun Huang. "Dynamic Analysis of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.718.

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Hydrogen energy fuel cell is one of the clean/green energy solutions for the environmental pollution, global warming, and petroleum energy shortage. This study investigates the dynamic characteristic of the green hydrogen energy fuel cell: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEMFC has been adopted to be the power supplier of the vehicle, small train, etc. A lot of researchers aim on pure electrical property analysis. However, to put PEMFC power system on the road, some mechanical properties of the system should also been examined. In this paper, the dynamic characteristic of a single PEMFC is studied. A single PEMFC (L112×W82×D6 mm) is set up and measured for the time and frequency response. Several fundamental modes are found experimentally which should be avoid during operation period of PEMFC especially in a moving vehicle.
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Valle, Karine, Franck Pereira, Frederic Rambaud, Philippe Belleville, Christel Laberty, and Clément Sanchez. "Hybrid Membranes for Proton Exchange Fuel Cell." Advances in Science and Technology 72 (October 2010): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.72.265.

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Fuel cell technology has merged in recent years as a keystone for future energy supply. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the most promising projects of this energy technology program; the PEMFC is made of a conducting polymer that usually operates at temperatures in the range 20-80°C. In order to reach high energy consumption application like transportation, the using temperatures need to be increased above 100°C. Sol-gel organic/inorganic hybrids have been evaluated as materials for membranes to full file the high temperature using requirement. These new materials for membrane need to retain water content and therefore proton conductivity property with using temperature and time. The membranes also need to be chemical-resistant to strong acidic conditions and to keep their mechanical properties regarding stacking requirements. In order to! answer all these specifications, the proposed hybrid membranes are based on nanoporous inorganic phase embedded in an organic polymer in which chemical grafting and conductivity network microstructure are optimized to preserve both water-uptake and proton conductivity at higher temperatures. Such very promising results on these new hybrids are presented and discussed regarding electrochemical properties/microstructure
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PEMFC : proton exchange membrane fuel cell"

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Jia, Nengyou. "Electrochemistry of proton-exchange-membrane electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) electrodes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/MQ54898.pdf.

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Mustafa, M. Y. F. A. "Design and manufacturing of a (PEMFC) proton exchange membrane fuel cell." Thesis, Coventry University, 2009. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/272310c1-2614-c525-0f72-77c2c68cc626/1.

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This research addresses the manufacturing problems of the fuel cell in an applied industrial approach with the aim of investigating the technology of manufacturing of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells, and using this technology in reducing the cost of manufacturing through simplifying the design and using less exotic materials. The first chapter of this thesis briefly discusses possible energy alternatives to fossil fuels, arriving at the importance of hydrogen energy and fuel cells. The chapter is concluded with the main aims of this study. A review of the relevant literature is presented in chapter 2 aiming to learn from the experience of previous researchers, and to avoid the duplication in the current work. Understanding the proper working principles and the mechanisms causing performance losses in fuel cells is very important in order to devise techniques for reducing these losses and their cost. This is covered in the third chapter of this thesis which discusses the theoretical background of the fuel cell science. The design of the fuel cell module is detailed in chapter 4, supported with detailed engineering drawings and a full description of the design methodology. So as to operate the fuel cell; the reactant gases had to be prepared and the performance and operating conditions of the fuel cell tested, this required a test facility and gas conditioning unit which has been designed and built for this research. The details of this unit are presented in chapter 5. In addition to the experimental testing of the fuel cell under various geometric arrangements, a three dimensional 3D fully coupled numerical model was used to model the performances of the fuel cell. A full analysis of the experimental and computational results is presented in chapter 6. Finally, the conclusions of this work and recommendations for further investigations are presented in chapter 7 of this thesis. In this work, an understanding of voltage loss mechanism in the fuel cell based on thermodynamic irreversibility is introduced for the first time and a comprehensive formula for efficiency based on the actual operating temperature is presented. Furthermore, a novel design of a 100W (PEMFC) module which is apt to reduce the cost of manufacturing and improve water and thermal management of the fuel cell is presented. The work also included the design and manufacturing of a test facility and gas conditioning unit for PEM fuel cells which will be useful in performing further experiments on fuel cells in future research work. Taking into consideration that fuel cell technology is not properly revealed in the open literature, where most of the work on fuel cells does not offer sufficient information on the design details and calculations, this thesis is expected to be useful in the manifestation of fuel cell technology. It is also hoped that the work achieved in this study is useful for the advancement of fuel cell science and technology.
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DeLashmutt, Timothy E. "Modeling a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1227224687.

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Yakisir, Dincer. "Development of gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cell, PEMFC." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24094/24094.pdf.

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Yakisir, Dinçer. "Development of gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cell, PEMFC." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18765.

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Tan, Chiuan Chorng. "A new concept of regenerative proton exchange membrane fuel cell (R-­‐PEMFC)." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0012.

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Les travaux précédents trouvés dans la littérature ont mis l'importance sur la pile à combustible PEM ou électrolyseur PEM. Certains articles ont étudié également la pile à combustible réversible et le système d'alimentation en hydrogène par énergie solaire en intégrant à la fois la pile à combustible et électrolyseur. Contrairement à un « Unitised regenerative fuel cell (URFC)», notre conception a un compartiment individuel pour chaque système de PEM-Fuel Cell et d'electrolyseur-PEM et nommé Quasi - URFC. Grâce à ce nouveau concept, l'objectif principal est de réduire le coût de la pile à combustible régénératrice (RFC) en minimisant le rapport de surface superficielle géométrique du catalyseur de l'assemblage membrane électrodes (AME) des deux modes dans la cellule. D'ailleurs, nous visons également à construire un RFC plus compact, léger et portable par rapport à une pile à combustible ou l'électrolyseur classique. Ce travail de recherche est divisé en trois parties : la modélisation et simulation numérique, l'assemblage du prototype et le travail d'expérimentation. Quant à la partie de modélisation, un modèle physique multi-2D a été développé dans le but d'analyser les performances d'une pile à combustible à régénérée à trois-compartiments, qui se compose d'une piles à combustible et d'électrolyseur. Ce modèle numérique est basée sur la résolution des équations de conservation de masse, du momentum, des espèces et du courant électrique en utilisant une approche par éléments finis sur des grilles 2D . Les simulations permettent le calcul de la vitesse, de la concentration de gaz, la densité de courant et les distributions de potentiels en mode pile à combustible et en mode d'électrolyse, ainsi nous aider à prédire le comportement de quasi - RFC. En outre, l'assemblage du premier prototype du nouveau concept de pile à combustible à combustible régénérée a été achevée et testée au cours des trois années d'études dans le cadre d'une thèse. Les résultats expérimentaux de la 3 Compartiments R-PEMFC ont été prometteurs dans les deux modes, soit en mode piles à combustible et soit en mode d'électrolyseur. Ces résultats valideront ensuite les résultats de la simulation, obtenus auparavant par la modélisation
The past works found in the literature have focused on either PEM fuel cell or electrolyzer-PEM. Some of the papers even studied the unitised reversible regenerative fuel cell (URFC) and the solar power hydrogen system by integrating both fuel cell and electrolyzer. Unlike the URFC, our design has an individual compartment for each PEMFC and E-PEM systems and named Quasi-URFC. With this new concept, the main objective is to reduce the cost of regenerative fuel cell (RFC) by minimizing the ratio of the catalyst’s geometric surface area of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of both cell modes. Apart from that, we also aim to build a compact, light and portable RFC.This research work is divided into three parts: the modeling, assembly of the prototype and the experimentation work. As for the modeling part, a 2D multi-physics model has been developed in order to analyze the performance of a three chamber-regenerative fuel cell, which consists of both fuel cell and electrolyzer systems. This numerical model is based on solving conservation equations of mass, momentum, species and electric current by using a finite-element approach on 2D grids. Simulations allow the calculation of velocity, gas concentration, current density and potential's distributions in fuel cell mode and electrolysis mode, thus help us to predict the behavior of Quasi-RFC. Besides that, the assembly of the first prototype of the new concept of regenerative fuel cell has been completed and tested during the three years of PhD studies. The experimental results of the Three-Chamber RFC are promising in both fuel cell and electrolyzer modes and validate the simulation results that previously obtained by modeling
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Sethi, Amrit. "A Prognostics and Health Monitoring Framework for Self-Humidified Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stacks." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25556.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) systems are of considerable interest in clean energy research because of their advantages. Self-humidified PEMFCs, specifically, are noteworthy since they can operate without many of the auxiliary components present in traditional PEMFC configurations. However, cost, performance issues, and short lifetimes limit their widespread usage, prompting the need for a prognostics and health monitoring (PHM) framework. Novel methods are developed and compared against those in literature to address issues specific to self-humidified PEMFCs. The framework is developed using the following steps: -Find suitable features for health diagnosis: Health monitoring (HM) strategies applied to externally humidified PEMFC systems are compared to determine their suitability to self-humidified systems. A relative health scale is also developed to address the absence of suitable state-of-health definitions for self-humidified PEMFCs operating in real-world applications. -Develop an HM framework for the stack: A data-driven framework based on Gaussian process regression (GPR) is developed. The framework provides estimations for the system’s current health. The framework can provide uncertainty measurements, and variational learning is used to reduce the associated computational cost. An alternative model is also developed that can work with less training data. -Develop a hybrid probabilistic prognostics methodology: Data from the HM framework is repurposed to build a steady-state diagnostics (SSD) model of the stack. The SSD model can adapt to the highly fluctuating performance of self-humidified stacks. This SSD model is then used to provide basic prognostics predictions, which, when combined with a modified Gaussian process–Long short-term memory (GP-LSTM) network, forms a powerful generative prognostics model suitable for self-humidified PEMFC systems operating under dynamic loads. The hybrid model also provides an uncertainty estimate.
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Armstrong, Kenneth Weber. "A Microscopic Continuum Model of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Electrode Catalyst Layer." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10080.

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A series of steady-state microscopic continuum models of the cathode catalyst layer (active layer) of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell are developed and presented. This model incorporates O₂ species and ion transport while taking a discrete look at the platinum particles within the active layer. The original 2-dimensional axisymmetric Thin Film and Agglomerate Models of Bultel, Ozil, and Durand [8] were initially implemented, validated, and used to generate various results related to the performance of the active layer with changes in the thermodynamic conditions and geometry. The Agglomerate Model was then further developed, implemented, and validated to include among other things pores, flooding, and both humidified air and humidified O₂. All models were implemented and solved using FEMAP™ and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver, developed by Blue Ridge Numerics Inc. (BRNI) called CFDesign™. The use of these models for the discrete modeling of platinum particles is shown to be beneficial for understanding the behavior of a fuel cell. The addition of gas pores is shown to promote high current densities due to increased species transport throughout the agglomerate. Flooding is considered, and its effect on the cathode active layer is evaluated. The model takes various transport and electrochemical kinetic parameters values from the literature in order to do a parametric study showing the degree to which temperature, pressure, and geometry are crucial to overall performance. This parametric study quantifies among a number of other things the degree to which lower porosities for thick active layers and higher porosities for thin active layers are advantageous to fuel cell performance. Cathode active layer performance is shown not to be solely a function of catalyst surface area but discrete catalyst placement within the agglomerate.
Master of Science
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Agarwal, Rohit. "Preparation and Characterisation of Stabilized Nafion/Phosphotungstic Acid Composite Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Automobile Engines." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4236.

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Membrane durability is one of the limiting factors for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) commercialisation by limiting the lifetime of the membrane via electrochemical / mechanical / thermal degradation. Lower internal humidity in the membrane at high temperature (>100 oC) and low relative humidity (25-50 %RH) operating conditions leads to increased resistance, lowering of performance and higher degradation rate. One of the promising candidates is composite proton exchange membranes (CPEMs) which have heteropoly acid (HPA) e.g. Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) doped throughout the Nafion® matrix. HPA is primarily responsible for carrying intrinsic water which reduces the external water dependence. The role of relative humidity during membrane casting was studied using surface analysis tools such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) / Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Membrane casting at lower relative humidity (30% approx.) results in finer size, and better PTA incorporation in the composite membrane. The effect of increase in PTA concentration in the Nafion matrix was studied with regards to conductivity, performance and durability. In-plane conductivity measurements were performed at 80 oC and 120 oC. During theses measurements, relative humidity was varied from 20% to 100% RH. Membrane conductivity invariably increases on increasing the relative humidity or operating temperature of the cell. Membrane conductivity increases with increasing PTA content from 3% to 25% PTA but never reaches the conductivity of membrane with 0% PTA. Possible explanation might be the role of cesium in PTA stabilisation process. Cesium forms a complex compound with PTA inside host matrix, rendering the PTA incapable of holding water. In plane conductivity measurements only measure surface conductivity, hence another reason might be the existence of a PTA skin on the membrane surface which is not truly representative of the whole membrane. XRD revealed that the structure of the composite membrane changes significantly on addition of PTA. Membrane with 3% PTA has structure similar to Nafion® and does not exhibit the characteristic 25o and 35o 2Ө peaks while membrane with 15% PTA and 25% PTA have strong characteristic PTA peaks. Also the membrane structure with 25% PTA matches well with that of PTA.6H2O. By applying the Scherer formula, PTA particle size was calculated from Full width half maximum (FWHM) studies at 17o 2Ө peak of the membranes. Particles coalesce on increasing the PTA concentration in the membrane leading to larger particles but still all particles were in nanometer range. Also the FWHM of membranes decreased at 17o 2Ө peak on increasing the PTA concentration, leading to higher crystallinity in the membrane. Structure analysis by FTIR indicated increase in PTA signature intensity dips, as the PTA concentration in membrane increases from 0-25%. Also by FTIR studies, it was found that some PTA is lost during the processing step as shown by comparison of as cast and protonated spectra. Possible reasoning might be that some amount of PTA does not gets cesium stabilized which gets leached away during processing. TGA studies were performed which showed no signs of early thermal degradation (temperature >300 oC); hence the assumption that all membranes are thermally robust for intended fuel cell applications. The membranes with different amounts of PTA were then catalyst coated and tested for 100-hour at open circuit voltage (OCV), 30% RH and 90 oC. By increasing the PTA in the host Nafion® matrix, the percent change in fuel crossover decreases, percent change in ECA increases, cathode fluoride emission rate decreases, and percent change in OCV decreases after the 100 hour test. Possible reasons for decreasing percentage of fuel crossover might be the increased internal humidity of the membrane due to increasing PTA incorporation. It is reported that during higher relative humidity operation, there is decrease in fuel crossover rate. Increasing ECA percentage loss might be due to the fact that HPA in the membrane can get adsorbed on the catalyst sites, rendering the sites inactive for redox reaction. Decrease in cathode fluorine emission rate (FER) might be due to the fact that there is more water available internally in the membrane as compared to Nafion®. It is reported that at higher relative humidity, FER decreases. ECA and crossover both contribute to the OCV losses. Higher component of OCV is crossover loss, which results in mixed potentials. Hence decreasing percentage of crossover might be the reason behind the decreasing OCV loss. Initial performance of fuel cell increases with increasing PTA concentration, but after the 100 hour test, higher PTA membrane exhibited highest performance loss. Increasing initial fuel cell performance can be due to the lowering of resistance due to PTA addition. Increasing ECA losses might be responsible for the increasing performance losses on adding more PTA to host membrane.
M.S.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;
Engineering and Computer Science
Materials Science & Engr MSMSE
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Oyarce, Alejandro. "Electrode degradation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad elektrokemi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-133437.

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The topic of this thesis is the degradation of fuel cell electrodes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In particular, the degradation associated with localized fuel starvation, which is often encountered during start-ups and shut-downs (SUs/SDs) of PEMFCs. At SU/SD, O2 and H2 usually coexist in the anode compartment. This situation forces the opposite electrode, i.e. the cathode, to very high potentials, resulting in the corrosion of the carbon supporting the catalyst, referred to as carbon corrosion. The aim of this thesis has been to develop methods, materials and strategies to address the issues associated to carbon corrosion in PEMFC.The extent of catalyst degradation is commonly evaluated determining the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of fuel cell electrode. Therefore, it was considered important to study the effect of RH, temperature and type of accelerated degradation test (ADT) on the ECSA. Low RH decreases the ECSA of the electrode, attributed to re-structuring the ionomer and loss of contact with the catalyst.In the search for more durable supports, we evaluated different accelerated degradation tests (ADTs) for carbon corrosion. Potentiostatic holds at 1.2 V vs. RHE were found to be too mild. Potentiostatic holds at 1.4 V vs. RHE were found to induce a large degree of reversibility, also attributed to ionomer re-structuring. Triangle-wave potential cycling was found to irreversibly degrade the electrode within a reasonable amount of time, closely simulating SU/SD conditions.Corrosion of carbon-based supports not only degrades the catalyst by lowering the ECSA, but also has a profound effect on the electrode morphology. Decreased electrode porosity, increased agglomerate size and ionomer enrichment all contribute to the degradation of the mass-transport properties of the cathode. Graphitized carbon fibers were found to be 5 times more corrosion resistant than conventional carbons, primarily attributed to their lower surface area. Furthermore, fibers were found to better maintain the integrity of the electrode morphology, generally showing less degradation of the mass-transport losses. Different system strategies for shut-down were evaluated. Not doing anything to the fuel cell during shut-downs is detrimental for the fuel cell. O2 consumption with a load and H2 purge of the cathode were found to give around 100 times lower degradation rates compared to not doing anything and almost 10 times lower degradation rate than a simple air purge of the anode. Finally, in-situ measurements of contact resistance showed that the contact resistance between GDL and BPP is highly dynamic and changes with operating conditions.
Denna doktorsavhandling behandlar degraderingen av polymerelektrolytbränslecellselektroder. polymerelektrolytbränslecellselektroder. Den handlar särskilt om nedbrytningen av elektroden kopplad till en degraderingsmekanism som heter ”localized fuel starvation” oftast närvarande vid uppstart och nedstängning av bränslecellen. Vid start och stopp kan syrgas och vätgas förekomma samtidigt i anoden. Detta leder till väldigt höga elektrodpotentialer i katoden. Resultatet av detta är att kolbaserade katalysatorbärare korroderar och att bränslecellens livslängd förkortas. Målet med avhandlingen har varit att utveckla metoder, material och strategier för att både öka förståelsen av denna degraderingsmekanism och för att maximera katalysatorbärarens livslängd.Ett vanligt tillvägagångsätt för att bestämma graden av katalysatorns degradering är genom mätning av den elektrokemiskt aktiva ytan hos bränslecellselektroderna. I denna avhandling har dessutom effekten av temperatur och relativ fukthalt studerats. Låga fukthalter minskar den aktiva ytan hos elektroden, vilket sannolikt orsakas av en omstrukturering av jonomeren och av kontaktförlust mellan jonomer och katalysator.Olika accelererade degraderingstester för kolkorrosion har använts. Potentiostatiska tester vid 1.2 V mot RHE visade sig vara för milda. Potentiostatiska tester vid 1.4 V mot RHE visade sig däremot medföra en hög grad av reversibilitet, som också den tros vara orsakad av en omstrukturering av jonomeren. Cykling av elektrodpotentialen degraderade istället elektroden irreversibelt, inom rimlig tid och kunde väldigt nära simulera förhållandena vid uppstart och nedstängning.Korrosionen av katalysatorbäraren medför degradering av katalysatorn och har också en stor inverkan på elektrodens morfologi. En minskad elektrodporositet, en ökad agglomeratstorlek och en anrikning av jonomeren gör att elektrodens masstransportegenskaper försämras. Grafitiska kolfibrer visade sig vara mer resistenta mot kolkorrosion än konventionella kol, främst p.g.a. deras låga ytarea. Grafitiska kolfibrer visade också en förmåga att bättre bibehålla elektrodens morfologi efter accelererade tester, vilket resulterade i lägre masstransportförluster.Olika systemstrategier för nedstängning jämfördes. Att inte göra något under nedstängning är mycket skadligt för bränslecellen. Förbrukning av syre med en last och spolning av katoden med vätgas visade 100 gånger lägre degraderingshastighet av bränslecellsprestanda jämfört med att inte göra något alls och 10 gånger lägre degraderingshastighet jämfört med spolning av anoden med luft. In-situ kontaktresistansmätningar visade att kontaktresistansen mellan bipolära plattor och GDL är dynamisk och kan ändras beroende på driftförhållandena.

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Books on the topic "PEMFC : proton exchange membrane fuel cell"

1

Włodarczyk, Renata. Badania właściwości użytkowych materiałów stosowanych na interkonektory ogniw paliwowych typu PEMFC: Examination of functional properties of materials used for interconnectors in PEMFC fuel cells = Analisi delle proprietà dei materiali utilizzati negli interconnettori delle celle a combustibile PEMFC. Częstochowa: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej, 2011.

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Heikrodt, Klaus. Erdgasbetriebene PEMFC-Hausenergieversorgungsanlage: Innovativer Beitrag zur Emissions- und Energiereduktion. Düsseldorf: VDI, 2004.

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Herring, Andrew M. Fuel cell chemistry and operation. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2010.

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Herring, Andrew M. Fuel cell chemistry and operation. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2010.

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Herring, Andrew M. Fuel cell chemistry and operation. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2010.

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N, Büchi Felix, Inaba Minoru 1961-, and Schmidt Thomas J, eds. Polymer electrolyte fuel cell durability. New York: Springer, 2009.

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Taub, Steven. The challenge of reducing PEM fuel cell costs. Cambridge, Mass: CERA, 2004.

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Thounthong, Phatiphat. A PEM fuel cell power source for electric vehicle applications. New York: Nova Science, 2008.

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Spiegel, Colleen. PEM fuel cell modeling and simulation using Matlab. Boston: Academic Press/Elsevier, 2008.

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Spiegel, Colleen. PEM fuel cell modeling and simulation using Matlab. Boston: Academic Press/Elsevier, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "PEMFC : proton exchange membrane fuel cell"

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Gao, Fei, Benjamin Blunier, and Abdellatif Miraoui. "PEMFC Structure." In Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Modeling, 13–20. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118562079.ch2.

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Liu, Jing, and Tong Zhang. "Design of Membrane Electrode Assembly with Non-precious Metal Catalyst for Self-humidifying Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1, 401–11. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_39.

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AbstractHigh cost is one of the key factors restricting the industrialization and commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this paper, a low-cost membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is prepared by using a self-made non-precious metal catalyst. Through the polarization curve test of fuel cell, the optimal loading of Fe-N-S-C catalyst and the optimal ratio with Nafion ionomer are studied. When the loading of Fe-N-S-C catalyst is 2.0 mg cm−2 and the ratio of Nafion ionomer to Fe-N-S-C catalyst is 3:7, the performance of the PEMFC is the best. The performance of MEA under different relative humidity (RH) and inlet pressure is also explored. The experimental results show that the MEA can still maintain good performance under the condition of 40% RH, which shows that this MEA has a certain self-humidifying ability. Because the non-precious metal catalyst layer is too thick, the performance of PEMFC can be improved by increasing the inlet pressure appropriately. The durability of MEA with non-precious metal catalyst is poor, and there is still a lot of work to be done to improve the stability and durability.
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Taneja, Gunjan, Vijay Kumar Tayal, and Kamlesh Pandey. "Robust Control of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) System." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 617–28. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7346-8_53.

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Kim, Hyoung-Juhn. "Single Cell for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)." In Fuel Cells : Data, Facts and Figures, 135–40. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693924.ch14.

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Pandey, Jay. "Investigating Membrane Degradation in Low-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 475–81. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8517-1_36.

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Wang, Bin, Weitong Pan, Longfei Tang, Guoyu Zhang, Yunfei Gao, Xueli Chen, and Fuchen Wang. "Effect of Flow Channel Blockage on the Scale-Up of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1, 312–33. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_31.

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AbstractOptimizing flow field structure can effectively improve the performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Adding the block in the flow channel is one of the approaches. In this work, the enhanced transport characteristic of the block is re-examined, and its effect on the performance of the fuel cell scale-up is further revealed. The models of single-channel fuel cells with different lengths L and blockage ratio β are developed. Results show that the best cell performance exhibits when β = 100% due to the combined effect of the block and upstream zone. The convection appears below the block, and higher upstream pressure is induced, both of which increase the oxygen concentration at the catalyst layer. Besides, results indicate that the performance of the scaled-up fuel cell with blockage increases at a slower rate. Combined with the pump power, it is found that the addition of the block with β = 100% is indeed beneficial for the fuel cell scale-up. The findings of different blockage effects on different-sized cells provide guidelines for the flow field design.
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Ji, Weichen, and Rui Lin. "Relationship Between Stress Distribution and Current Density Distribution on Commercial Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1, 174–79. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_19.

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AbstractThe current density of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM-FCs) is directly linked to their electrochemical reaction. Its distribution over the active area can give the local performance of the cells, which is significant for exploration of internal process and optimization of performance. In this paper, segmented cell technology is applied to investigate the current density distribution for a commercial PEMFC with different clamping strategies. The stress distribution and current density distribution as well as the overall performance of the cell are tested under the same operating conditions. The results show that a more uniform stress distribution can lead to a more uniform reaction current density distribution and the good uniformity of the stress distribution and current density distribution has a positive impact on the improvement of the cell overall performance. Thus, it is significant to improve the clamping strategy in order to improve the uniformity of the stress distribution and reaction current density distribution, which ultimately improves the cell overall performance.
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Heng, Xun Zheng, Peng Cheng Wang, Hui An, and Gui Qin Liu. "Novel Design of Anode Flow Field in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)." In IRC-SET 2018, 375–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9828-6_30.

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Singh, Swati, Vijay Kumar Tayal, Hemender Pal Singh, and Vinod Kumar Yadav. "Performance Analysis of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) with PI and FOPI Controllers." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 211–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1186-5_17.

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Yang, Mingyang, Song Yan, Aimin Du, and Sichuan Xu. "The Cracks Effect Analysis on In-Plane Diffusivity in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layer by Lattice Boltzmann Method." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1, 141–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_16.

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AbstractCrack is always considered as a kind of defect on a catalyst layer in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and its enhancement on mass transfer ability has always been ignored. In this work, the crack effect analysis on in-plane (IP) diffusivity on a catalyst layer is numerically evaluated by a D2Q9 lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The effects on some key parameters like crack length, width, quantity and shape are carried out. The IP concentration distribution of crack CL shows deviation from the theoretical value, and this is because of the tortuosity caused by the CL cracks. The crack shape has almost no effect on the IP effective diffusivity, and the crack length shows a little bit more influence than the crack width and quantity. The crack ratio of the CL is the dominant effect on the IP mass diffusivity enhancement, and the lower the CL porosity is, the higher this enhancement achieve.
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Conference papers on the topic "PEMFC : proton exchange membrane fuel cell"

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Zhang, Huamin, and Xiaobing Zhu. "Research and Development of Key Materials of PEMFC." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97059.

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In this paper, R & D on the electrocatalysts and the proton conductive membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells in our group is presented. It is shown that both the electrocatalysts and the proton conductive membranes have attained an enhanced performance.
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Ma, Hsiao-Kang, Shih-Han Huang, Ya-Ting Cheng, Chen-Chiang Yu, Chrung Guang Hou, and Ay Su. "Study of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PZT-PEMFCs) With Nozzle and Diffuser." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85033.

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Previous theoretical studies have shown that piezoelectric proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PZT-PEMFCs) might solve water flooding problems and increase cell performance. The innovative design of PZT-PEMFCs results in more oxygen being compressed into the catalyst layer. This enhances the electrochemical reaction and the current density, especially at a high PZT vibration frequency (64 Hz). In this investigation, a single, valveless PZT-PEMFC experimental fuel cell is built. The results are then compared with those of previous theoretical studies. This study includes an analysis of PZT vibration frequencies, and cell operation temperatures. A Nafion 212 membrane with a reaction area of 2 cm × 2 cm is used to measure the voltage and average current density under different temperatures and vibration frequencies. When the PZT device moves upward and increases the chamber volume, a diffuser directs most of the air to the outlet. In the valveless PZT-PEMFC, both a nozzle and diffuser are used. This innovative design may direct air flow into the cathode channel through the diffuser and prevent air backflow. The nozzle/diffuser design in this study can direct a single directional air flow without valves. The experimental results indicate that the direction in which the cell is mounted have a negligible effect on cell performance due to air flow through the nozzle. The diffuser is not influenced by gravity. The optimal operating temperature for the PZT-PEMFC of this study is 50°C, as higher temperatures dry out the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The optimal vibration frequency of the PZT-PEMFC is 180Hz, as higher frequencies cause more air intake and solve the problem of water flooding in the cathode channel. This study also concludes that the innovative design of PZT-PEMFCs may equal the performance of an open cathode stack configuration and can be applied in a fuel cell stack without an external air supply device.
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Lin, Hsiu-Li, Chih-Ren Hu, Po-Hao Su, Yu-Cheng Chou, and Che-Yu Lin. "Proton Exchange Membranes Based on Blends of Poly(Benzimidazole) and Butylsulfonated Poly(Beznimidazole) for High Temperature PEMFC." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33031.

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Phosphoric acid doped poly(benzimidazole) (PBI) is one of excellent candidates of proton exchange membranes for high temperature (150–180°C) proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, the strong inter-polymer hydrogen bonds cause low elongation and brittleness of PBI membranes. In this work, we synthesize poly(benzimidazole) (PBI) and butylsulfonated poly(benzimidazole) (PBI-BS), in which around 22 mole% of imidazole –NH groups of PBI are grafted with sulfonated butyl groups. We show the elongation, phosphoric acid doping level, and proton conductivity of PBI can be improved by blending ∼ 20 wt% of PBI-BS in the PBI membrane, and the membrane electrode assembly prepared from PBI/PBI-BS (8/2 by wt) blend membrane has a better PEMFC performance at 140°C ∼ 180°C than that prepared from PBI membrane. It is believed that the crosslink interactions of imidazole -NH and -N=C-groups with side chain –C4H8−SO3H groups of PBI-BS reduces the inter-PBI hydrogen bonds and increases the free volume of polymers, which leads to the enhancements of the membrane toughness and phosphoric acid doping level and the PEMFC performance.
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Chen, Chang-Ching, Chia-Chi Sung, and Chun-Ting Liao. "The Influence of Transient Variations on the Durability of PEM Fuel Cells." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33073.

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Recently, a number of studies have shown that the ionic conductivity of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) strongly depends on the water retention ability of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell. This suggests that water management in the cell is important in achieving high PEMFC performance. Therefore, membrane dehydration, water flooding, and cell durability have become major challenges in PEMFC applications. In this study, we investigated the effect of the transient phenomenon on PEMFC performance using an electrode with an area of 25 cm2. Parameters, including the cell temperature, stoichiometry of the fuel/oxidant, relative humidity of the reactive gas, were used for analyzing the performance of PEMFCs, along with fluid field imaging technologies. The results indicated that the ionic conductivity of the proton exchange membrane has a positive effect on PEMFC performance. PEMFC voltage will cause a sudden change in the current density overshoot phenomenon. This is because the decline in oxygen concentration and the oxygen concentration itself are also affected by the water concentration. This study revealed the relationship between the transient phenomenon and the performance of PEMFCs.
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Iester, Federico, Luca Mantelli, Michele Bozzolo, Loredana Magistri, and Aristide Fausto Massardo. "Performance Assessment of an Innovative Turbocharged Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2023: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2023-103513.

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Abstract This paper presents an innovative turbocharged proton-exchange membrane fuel cell system (TC-PEMFC) fuelled by hydrogen. Their high efficiency and absence of pollutant emissions allowed interest in hydrogen-powered PEMFCs to grow constantly over the past few decades. Nowadays, both industry and academia consider PEMFCs as one of the most promising solutions to replace conventional fossil fuel plants and achieve decarbonization of the energy and transportation sectors. The system proposed in this study further improves the performance of standalone PEMFCs (generally within the 60–40% range), using the pressurization of the fuel cells. Two separate stacks are operated in parallel and integrated with a turbocharger, which pressurizes the cathode air flows. Before being discharged into the ambient, the PEMFC outlet flow expands in the turbine, providing part of the mechanical power absorbed by the compressor and increasing the net power output of the plant. The remaining part is supplied by an electrical motor connected to the shaft of the turbocharger. To guarantee the proper operation of the PEMFCs in terms of mass flows, pressures, temperatures, chemical compositions and humidity, the layout incorporates many auxiliary components. They include a polymeric membrane cross-flow humidifier on the cathode side, a gas-to-gas heat exchanger on the air loop, a side channel blower on the anode recirculation and a liquid cooling system for the stacks. A dedicated control system was designed to keep all the operative parameters of the plant on the proper values. A proportional-integral-derivative controller and a set of look-up tables regulate the opening of fuel and bypass valves, as well as the rotational speed of turbocharger, cooling fluid pump and blower. To fully understand the potential of this innovative solution, Rolls-Royce Solutions and Thermochemical Power Group (University of Genoa) developed a simulation model using GT-Power, a commercial software by Gamma Technologies Inc. The complete layout of the system was recreated within GT-Power relying on its extensive library of components. This is the first time a turbocharged PEMFC system was modelized including all the main balance of plant components and implementing the full control logics. The model was used to simulate the TC-PEMFC system under different conditions, to monitor its operative parameters, and to compare its performance with a standalone PEMFC. The promising results obtained during this analysis confirm the potential of the turbocharged layout and open the way for even more sophisticated simulation studies and experimental activities.
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Luckose, L., N. J. Urlaub, N. J. Wiedeback, H. L. Hess, and B. K. Johnson. "Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) modeling in PSCAD/EMTDC." In Energy Conference (EPEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epec.2011.6070180.

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Kang, Sang-Gyu, Han-Sang Kim, Taehun Ha, Kyoungdoug Min, Fabian Mueller, and Jack Brouwer. "Dynamic Cell Level Modeling and Experimental Data From a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97238.

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A quasi three-dimensional dynamic model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been developed and evaluated by comparison to experimental data. A single PEMFC cell is discretized into 245 control volumes in three dimensions to resolves local voltage response, current generation, species mole fractions, temperature, and membrane hydration spatially in the PEMFC. The model can further simulate transients in electrical load, inlet flow conditions, ambient conditions, and/or other parameters to provide insight into the local dynamic performance of a PEMFC. The quasi three-dimensional model has been validated against an experimental single cell. To compare the model, polarization constants were tuned to match one experimental operating point of the fuel cell. With this tuning, the model is shown to predict well the voltage current (V-I) behavior for the full range of cell operating current. Further, model comparison to an instantaneous increase in current indicates that the model can predict the transient electrochemical response of the PEMFC. This suggests such a model can be utilized for PEMFC system development, transient analysis of a PEMFC in general, as well as transient control design.
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Das, Susanta K., and K. J. Berry. "CFD Analysis of a Two-Phase Flow Model for a Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65212.

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To understand heat and water management phenomena better within an operational proton exchange membrane fuel cell’s (PEMFC) conditions, a three-dimensional, two-phase flow model has been developed and simulated for a complete PEMFC. Both liquid and gas phases are considered in the model by taking into account the gas flow, diffusion, charge transfer, change of phase, electro-osmosis, and electrochemical reactions to understand the overall dynamic behaviors of species within an operating PEMFC. The model is solved numerically under different parametric conditions in terms of water management issues in order to improve cell performance. In this paper, mostly cathode side results of a complete PEMFC are presented. The results obtained from two-phase flow model simulations show improvement in cell performance as well as water management under PEMFCs operational conditions as compared to the results of a single phase flow model available in the literature. The quantitative information obtained from the two-phase model simulation results will help to open up a route in designing improvement of PEMFC for better operational efficiency and performance.
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Cheng, Chin-Hsien, Shu-Feng Lee, and Che-Wun Hong. "Molecular Dynamics of Proton Exchange Inside a Nafion® Membrane." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97135.

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The proton transfer mechanism is the fundamental principle of how the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) works. This paper develops a molecular dynamics technique to simulate the transfer mechanism of the hydrogen protons inside a Nafion 117 membrane. The realistic polymer structure of the Nafion is extremely huge and very complex, it is simplified to be a repeated structure with part of the major carbon-fluoride backbone and a side chain with radicals of SO3− in this paper. Water molecules were assigned to distribute between side chains randomly. The simulation package of DLPOLY was employed as the platform. Simulation results show that the water molecules will cluster together due to the polarization characteristics, and the clusters are attracted by the side chain of the membrane electrolyte. Hydrogen protons are then transferred from one side chain to another through the water clusters. The migration process of the hydrogen protons within the membrane is a function of the water uptakes and many other factors. They are investigated to further improve the ionic conduction of the fuel cell membrane.
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Srinivasan, S., R. Dillon, L. Krishnan, A. S. Arico, V. Antonucci, A. B. Bocarsly, W. J. Lee, K. L. Hsueh, C. C. Lai, and A. Peng. "Techno-Economic Challenges for PEMFCs and DMFCs Entering Energy Sector." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1764.

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Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC) have been in the forefront of all fuel cell technologies for transportation and portable power applications. This is mainly because of the quantum/semi-quantum jumps in these technologies. However, there are several techno-economic challenges for these types of fuel cells to enter the energy sector. The cell structures and operating principles of PEMFC and DMFC are similar to each other. However, techno-economic challenges for PEMFCs are significantly different from those for DMFCs, due to their applications, associated competing technologies, global market, and manufacturing environment. Both types of fuel cell are close to entering the energy sector now, more than ever before. Significant reduction of PEMFCs capital cost and miniaturization of DMFCs are two critical issues. Intense research and development efforts are needed with respect to (i) finding better and less expensive electrocatalysts and proton conducting membranes (ii) optimization of structure and composition of membrane and electrode assemblies, (iii) automation of techniques to fabricate cell and stack components, and (iv) finding efficient and cost effective methods for thermal and water management.
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Reports on the topic "PEMFC : proton exchange membrane fuel cell"

1

L.G. Marianowski. 160 C PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE (PEM) FUEL CELL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838020.

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Srinivasan, S., S. Gamburzev, and O. A. Velev. High energy density proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dry reactant gases. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460281.

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Oei, D., J. A. Adams, and A. A. Kinnelly. Direct-hydrogen-fueled proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell system for transportation applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/567477.

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Susan Agro, Anthony DeCarmine, Shari Williams. Develpment of Higher Temperature Membrane and Electrode Assembly (MEA) for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Devices. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/878466.

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Dhar, H. P., J. H. Lee, and K. A. Lewinski. Self-humidified proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Operation of larger cells and fuel cell stacks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460298.

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Oei, D., A. Kinnelly, R. Sims, M. Sulek, and D. Wernette. Direct-hydrogen-fueled proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell system for transportation applications: Conceptual vehicle design report pure fuel cell powertrain vehicle. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/469169.

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Thomas, C. E. Direct-hydrogen-fueled proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell system for transportation applications. Hydrogen vehicle safety report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/534504.

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Srinivasan, Supramaniam, Seung-Jae Lee, Paola Costamagna, Christopher Yang, Kevork Adjemian, Andrew Bocarsly, Joan M. Ogden, and Jay Benziger. Novel membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cell operation above 120°C. Final report for period October 1, 1998 to December 31, 1999. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1172224.

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9

Oei, G. Direct-hydrogen-fueled proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cell system for transportation applications. Quarterly technical progress report Number 1, July 1--September 30, 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/81020.

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Oei, D. Direct-hydrogen-fueled proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cell system for transportation applications. Quarterly technical progress report No. 4, April 1, 1995--June 30, 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/100178.

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