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Journal articles on the topic 'Pelter'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Mulzer, Johann. "Book Review: Borane Reagents. Series: Best Synthetic Methods. By A. Pelter, K. Smith, and H. C. Brown." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 28, no. 3 (March 1989): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198903541.

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2

Šafran, Branimir, Matija Jug, Stjepan Risović, Krešimir Vučković, Kristijan Augustinović, Marijan Hasan, and Kristijan Radmanović. "Contribution to the research on wood pellet characteristics from Turopolje area." Šumarski list 142, no. 3-4 (April 26, 2018): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.142.3-4.3.

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U ovome radu analiziraju se kvalitativna svojstva peleta izrađenih iz vrsta drva turopoljskog kraja – sadržaj pepela, ogrjevna vrijednost, gustoća peleta i tlačna čvrstoća. Prikupljeni su uzorci hrasta lužnjaka (Quercus robur L.), običnoga graba (Carpinus betulus L.), poljskog jasena (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.), crne johe (Alnus glutinosa L.) i crne topole (Populus nigra L.). Prikupljeni i okorani uzorci usitnjeni su na mlinu s noževima na granulaciju 2,00 mm. Na uzorcima je ispitan sadržaj vode, pepela i ogrjevna vrijednost. Sadržaj pepela određen je zasebno za koru i drvo. Sadržaj pepela u kori pokazuje visok udio kod hrasta lužnjaka koji iznosi 13,64 % i graba sa 11,91 %, dok je kod ostalih vrsta udio pepela u kori između 7 i 10 %. Sadržaj pepela okoranog drva pokazuje vrijednosti 0,63 % za hrast, 0,50 % za jasen, 0,46 % za grab. Vrijednosti sadržaja pepela kod johe i topole bile su oko 0,4 %. Rezultati ukazuju na potrebu okoravanja u proizvodnji peleta s ciljem postizanja kvalitete peleta klase A1 i A2. Određivanjem ogrjevne vrijednosti najbolji rezultati utvrđeni su kod uzorka drva crne topole koja iznosi 19,63 MJ/g, a najmanja vrijednost izmjerena je kod uzorka graba 18,94 MJ/g. Nadalje, navedeni uzorci pomiješani su te su fomirane 3 grupe mješavina. Udio tvrdih vrsta listača hrasta, graba i jasena u svakoj pojedinoj mješavini bio je 60 % dok su u preostalom udjelu od 40 % jednoliko sudjelovale joha (20 %) i topola (20 %). Formirane mješavine materijala JTJ (jasen 60 : topola 20 : joha 20), HTJ (hrast 60 : topola 20 : joha 20) i GTJ (grab 60 : topola 20 : joha 20) prešane su u pelete uz pomoć hidrauličke laboratorijske preše pri 2 veličine sile (3,0 i 6,0 kN) i 2 temperature (150 i 200 °C). Po isprešanju, peleti su ostavljeni 15 dana da se dimenzijski stabiliziraju te su im određene dimenzije i gustoća. Peleti su potom ispitani na tlačnu čvrstoću u radijalnom smjeru pomoću kidalice. Peleti iz svih mješavina, prešani silom 6,0 kN kod temperature 200 °C pokazali su visoku gustoću koja je bila u rasponu 1 207 – 1 234 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. Peleti osnovne mješavine jasena dali su kod sile 3,0 kN i temperature 200 °C vrlo visoku gustoću od ≈ 1200 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, dok su općenito najmanju gustoću imali peleti osnovne mješavine graba kod svih režima prešanja. Rezultati tlačne čvrstoće u radijalnom smjeru pokazuju najbolje rezultate kod peleta prešanih pri 6,0 kN i 200 °C i to 13,59 MPa kod osnovne mješavine jasena, 11,1 MPa mješavine hrasta i 9,06 MPa mješavine graba. Ako se tlačna čvrstoća peleta promatra zbirno prema mješavini, značajno bolje rezultate daju peleti izrađeni iz mješavine jasena, topole i johe u usporedbi s ostale dvije mješavine.

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3

Syah, Allya Alan Putra, Ketty Siti Salamah, and Eko Ihsanto. "Sistem Pemberi Pakan Otomatis, Ph Regulator Dan Kendali Suhu Menggunakan Fuzzy Logic Pada Aquarium." Jurnal Teknologi Elektro 10, no. 3 (February 17, 2020): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/jte.v10i3.008.

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Banyaknya penghobi yang ingin memelihara ikan dan tumbuhan air karena indah tetapi cukup sulit untuk merawatnya. Namun, dimasa sekarang ini disibukkan dengan urusan yang mengharuskan untuk keluar rumah. Oleh karena itu, pemilik akuarium atau aquascape tidak memiliki banyak waktu untuk memeliharanya. Ini merupakan masalah bagi para penghobi. Dengan itu dibuatlah alat kendali dan monitoring ini (akuarium pintar). Pada tugas akhir ini dibuat suatu sistem yang terpasang pada akuarium dengan menerapkan konsep Internet of Things, agar dapat dikendalikan dari jarak jauh. Pada penelitian ini digunakan single board computer Raspberry Pi B, Arduino, Motor Servo, sensor DS18B20, sensor pH, solenoid valve, stepper motor. Kontrol jarak jauh yang dimaksud adalah dapat dikontrol dengan menggunakan smartphone dan laptop yang kemudian berintegrasi dengan Raspberry Pi. Disini Raspberry Pi mendapat data dari Arduino, sebagai pengolah data suhu dan pH, dan untuk sistem kendali suhu menggunakan metode Fuzzy Logic. Dan aktuator menggunakan pelter, sedangkan pH meter hanya membaca nilai pH air dan dapat dinaikkan dan diturunkan nilai pH air dengan cara manual elektronik, atau menambahkan cairan penaik atau penurun pH secara elektronik. Uji kendali kestabilan suhu pada air menggunakan metode fuzzy logic yaitu menunjukkan rentang error sekitar 5% dari nilai target.Kata Kunci — Aquascape, Fuzzy Logic, Motor Servo, Solenoid.

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4

Schutte, G. J. "H. Visch, C. Tonsbeek, Th. van den End, Pelter. Brieven van Henk Visch en Cor Tonsbeek uit Bali, 1948-1971, End, Th. van den, ed." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 120, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.6244.

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5

Mulzer, Johann. "Borane Reagents. Reihe: Best synthetic methods. Von A. Pelter, K. Smith und H. C. Brown. Academic Press, New York 1988. XXXI, 503 S., geb. $ 55.00. – ISBN 0-12-549875-6." Angewandte Chemie 101, no. 1 (January 1989): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19891010138.

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6

Hadiansyah, Hadied, Emilia Roza, and Rosalina Rosalina. "Perancangan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas pada Knalpot Motor." Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknoka 3 (December 23, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/teknoka.v3i0.2827.

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Handphone sebagai penunjang bisnis ojek on line tidak bisa kehabisan daya, sehingga dibutuhkan suatu pembangkit listrik yang bisa mengisi baterai tanpa harus berhenti terlebih dahulu. Metode yang dilakukan adalah merancang prototype pembangkit listrik tenaga panas pada knalpot yang merubah energi panas pada knalpot sepeda motor menjadi energi listrik. Apakah tegangan keluaran dari peltier bisa mencapai 2-3 volt. Mana yang lebih stabil antara menggunakan 1 peltier atau 2 peltier. Metode yang dilakukan adalah mengukur tegangan output pada 1 peltier dan tegangan keluaran 2 peltier yang dirangkai seri. Pengujian dilakukan pada perancangan pembangkit listrik tenaga panas saat knalpot motor yang dinyalakan selama 60 menit dengan mengukur tegangan output peltier dan modul chnager. Tegangan yang dihasilkan pada peltier saat menggunakan 1 peltier dan pada saat tegangan keluaran 2 peltier dirangkai seri > 2 volt yaitu 2.05 Volt dan 2.46 Volt. Tegangan keluaran pada 2 peltier yang dirangkai seri > 1 peltier tetapi pada modul charger tegangan yang dihasilkan lebih stabil pada saat menggunakan 1 peltier dari pada 2 peltier.

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7

Widianto, Tri Nugroho, and Caesar Mahendra. "Kinerja Susunan dan Jumlah Elemen Peltier pada TEC Alat Transportasi Ikan Segar." Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan 14, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v14i1.567.

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AbstrakKinerja cara penyusunan dan jumlah elemen peltier pada pendingin termoelektrik (TEC) alat transportasi ikan segar telah diuji. TEC alat transportasi ikan segar terdiri dari komponen utama yaitu elemen peltier, heatsink, kipas, bracket alumunium dan heat pipe. Uji kinerja dilakukan terhadap susunan dan jumlah elemen peltier TEC alat transportasi ikan segar dengan variasi dua buah TEC dengan elemen peltier tunggal, dua buah TEC dengan elemen peltier ganda dan empat buah TEC dengan elemen peltier tunggal. Parameter yang diamati meliputi suhu ruang penyimpanan ikan, suhu heatsink dan kebutuhan energi TEC. Pengukuran dilakukan selama 120 menit dengan interval pengukuran setiap 10 menit. Suhu ruang peti penyimpanan ikan dengan dua buah TEC peltier ganda adalah 18,8 °C, dua buah TEC peltier tunggal sebesar 13,5 °C dan empat buah TEC peltier tunggal sebesar 8,5 °C. Kebutuhan energi TEC dengan dua buah elemen ganda sebesar 46 Watt, TEC dengan 2 buah elemen peltier tunggal sebesar 83 Watt, sedangkan pada 4 elemen peltier tunggal 166 Watt. Performance of Arrangement and Number the Peltier Elements on Refrigerated Fish Container TECAbstractPerformance of arrangement and number of peltier elements on the refrigerated fish container TEC (thermoelectric cooler) had been tested. The TEC of refrigerated fish container was composed of peltier elements, a heatsink, a fan, an aluminum bracket, and a heat pipe. The arrangement and number of peltier element variations in each refrigerated container box were two TEC composed of a single peltier element, two TEC composed of dual peltier element and four TEC composed of a single peltier element. Performance test was conducted by measuring temperature of box container, temperature of heatsink, and the energy consumption of TEC. Performance test carried out at every 10 minutes for 120 minutes. Temperature of refrigerated container box composed of two TEC with dual peltier element was 18.8 °C, two TEC with single peltier element was 13.5 °C and four TEC with single peltier element was 8.5 °C. The energy consumption of refrigerated container box of two TEC composed dual peltier element was 46 Watts, two TEC composed of single peltier element was 83 Watts and four TEC composed of single peltier element were 166 Watts.

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8

Ramadhan, Faishal. "Rancang Bangun Sistem Pendingin Sekunder Untuk Kabin Mobil Dengan Memanfaatkan Thermoelektrik (TEC)." Jurnal Teknik Mesin ITI 3, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31543/jtm.v3i1.244.

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The air conditioner (AC) system of the car will stop when the car's engine is turned off, this causes the temperature in the cabin of the car to increase. The increase in temperature is caused by the cabin being closed so that there is no air circulation and also influenced by the temperature of the environment. Designing, assembling and testing the cooling system using peltier, fan, heatsink and pump as the main component. The test was carried out for 1 hour 30 minutes, with variations in the number of peltier working 2, 4 and 6. The results obtained were 2 peltier 28oC, 4 peltier 27.5oC and 6 peltier 27.5oC. The same results at 4 and 6 peltier where at 6 peltier there is a temperature increase then a decrease occurs. This is because the voltage received by peltier is not stable. The best results are obtained by the number of peltier 4 pieces, because the voltage received is stable so the temperature drops constantly.

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9

Moon, I. K., D. H. Jung, K. B. Lee, and Y. H. Jeong. "Peltier microcalorimeter." Applied Physics Letters 76, no. 17 (April 24, 2000): 2451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126373.

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10

Campos, Antonio Luiz P. S., Aécio Vinícius Amorim Farias, Jainne Daniele F. S. Fernandes, Alailson De Freitas Braz, Ludmila Sayonara S. X. Machado, and Edfranklin De Souza Pimentel. "REFRIGERAÇÃO UTILIZANDO PASTILHAS DE EFEITO PELTIER." HOLOS 2 (June 13, 2010): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15628/holos.2010.383.

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Pastilhas de Peltier são dispositivos baseados no efeito Peltier e são aplicadas para produzir efeito refrigerador ou aquecedor. Este trabalho aborda conceitos envolvidos na fabricação e funcionamento desses dispositivos tais como: histórico do efeito Peltier e desenvolvimento de placas de efeito Peltier. É feito um estudo de eficiência da refrigeração de água utilizando uma placa de efeito Peltier existente no Campus Natal – Zona Norte. Para isso, é implementada uma estrutura de refrigeração de água e são feitas medições para determinar a eficiência de sistema. Por fim, são apresentadas conclusões sobre o estudo desenvolvido.

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11

Fyson, W. K. "A succession of quartz veins in Archean metaturbidites, Yellowknife Bay, Slave Province." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 698–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-068.

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The style of extensional quartz veins changed during deformation and metamorphism of greywacke–mudstones near Yellowknife, with successive types of veins accompanying a progression from steeply plunging, predominantly macroscopic F1, and F2 folds to mesoscopic F3 folds and subvertical S3 axial planar cleavages. (A) Early-stage multiple bedding-parallel veins are confined to pelitic units. Some form saddle reefs around hinges of F1 and a few later folds, whereas others are unrelated to fold hinges. Emplacement of most bedding veins during or before F1 folding is suggested. (B) Echelon veins pre-dominantly lie stratabound within pelites. Folding about S3 cleavage indicates a pre-F3 or early F3 origin. (C) Foliation veins more commonly cross sandstones than pelites and follow S3 or F3 axial surfaces. Boudinage of the veins indicates emplacement before S3 was fully developed. (D) Sporadic veins, discordant to bedding and cleavage, vary from undeformed to folded about S3. Evidently these veins were emplaced towards the end or after F3 folding.The change from pelite as the preferred host rock for bedding and echelon veins to sandstone for foliation veins could reflect migration of loci of hydraulic fracturing as fluid was produced and lost during metamorphism. Bedding and foliation veins apparently followed weakness planes (bedding fissility and cleavage), whereas the echelon vein arrangement suggests that during an intermediate stage of deformation pelites acted as shear zones. All veins could have formed during variably directed, subhorizontal, tectonic compression.

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12

Poulson, Simon R., and Hiroshi Ohmoto. "Devolatilization equilibria in graphite-pyrite-pyrrhotite bearing pelites with application to magma-pelite interaction." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 101, no. 4 (April 1989): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00372215.

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13

Buse, Ben, Stuart Kearns, Charles Clapham, and Donovan Hawley. "Decontamination in the Electron Probe Microanalysis with a Peltier-Cooled Cold Finger." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, no. 5 (October 2016): 981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616011715.

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AbstractA prototype Peltier thermoelectric cooling unit has been constructed to cool a cold finger on an electron microprobe. The Peltier unit was tested at 15 and 96 W, achieving cold finger temperatures of −10 and −27°C, respectively. The Peltier unit did not adversely affect the analytical stability of the instrument. Heat conduction between the Peltier unit mounted outside the vacuum and the cold finger was found to be very efficient. Under Peltier cooling, the vacuum improvement associated with water vapor deposition was not achieved; this has the advantage of avoiding severe degradation of the vacuum observed when warming up a cold finger from liquid nitrogen (LN2) temperatures. Carbon contamination rates were reduced as cooling commenced; by −27°C contamination rates were found to be comparable with LN2-cooled devices. Peltier cooling, therefore, provides a viable alternative to LN2-cooled cold fingers, with few of their associated disadvantages.

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14

Manik, Terang UHS Ginting, Tulus Burhanuddin Sitorus, and Ferry Sembiring. "Kinerja Sistem Kotak Pendingin Peltier Tenaga Surya Untuk Penyimpanan Sayur dan Buah." ROTASI 20, no. 4 (January 11, 2019): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.20.4.214-220.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja sistem kotak pendingin peltier yang memanfaatkan tenaga surya untuk penyimpanan sayuran dan buah. Keuntungan dari sistem pendingin peltier adalah tidak mengkonsumsi listrik dan ramah lingkungan. Komponen termoelektrik digabungkan dengan heat sink dimana kipas kecil ditempatkan di luar dan kipas yang lainnya ditempatkan di dalam kotak pendingin. Data pengukuran distribusi temperatur dari sistem pendingin peltier kemudian dianalisis untuk mendapatkan performansinya. Pengujian dilakukan di ruang terbuka yang mengalami paparan radiasi matahari. Proses pengukuran kondisi cuaca dilakukan menggunakan alat pengukur cuaca. Untuk merekam distribusi temperatur pada setiap komponen sistem pendingin peltier digunakan termokopel yang terhubung ke data akuisisi. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa temperatur minimum yang dapat dicapai pada objek yang didinginkan yaitu sayuran dan buah-buahan adalah 17.324°C. Temperatur rata-rata sayuran dan buah-buahan selama pengujian berkisar 22oC. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kotak pendingin peltier dapat digunakan untuk menjaga kesegaran sayuran dan buah-buahan. Nilai COP maksimum dari sistem pendingin peltier yang diuji adalah 0,0670 dan nilai COP minimum adalah 0,0428.

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15

Suzuki, Nobuyuki, Hideyuki Homma, and Shigeo Yamaguchi. "Proposal and Fabrication of a Temperature-Field Stage with an NN-Type Peltier Device." Advanced Materials Research 254 (May 2011): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.254.183.

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We have proposed and fabricated a NN-type Peltier device. The conventional Peltier devices have a structure called π-shaped, which is required to have both P-type and N-type thermoelectric materials. On the other hand, our NN-type Peltier device proposed here is only composed of N-type (or P-type) thermoelectric materials. In this study, we fabricated an NN-type Peltier device with a T-shaped stage, and the current dependence of the stage temperature was measured both for cooling and heating.

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16

Suliono, Suliono, Emin Haris, Rachmatullah Rachmatullah, and Abu Rizal Al Gifari. "Pemanfaatan Briket Sekam Padi Sebagai Penghasil Panas Pada Kompor Generator Termoelektrik Untuk Penerangan Pedagang Kaki Lima." Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Corporate Social Responsibility (PKM-CSR) 2 (December 15, 2019): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37695/pkmcsr.v2i0.504.

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Pedagang Kaki Lima atau pedagang yang berjualan di pinggir jalan ataupun yang berjualan di taman-taman kota mempunyai masalah penerangan lampu, karena penerangan sangat berpengaruh kepada pengunjung atau pembeli. Untuk wilayah yang dekat dengan rumah penduduk, pedagang menyalur lampu dari salah satu warga untuk menyalakan lampu dengan membayar Rp.5000,-. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu pedagang kaki lima mengatasi masalah penerangan menggunakan energi listrik alternatif berbasis Termoelektrik Generator (TEG) jenis TEC-12706 dengan sisi menggunakan api yang dihasilkan oleh briket sekam padi sedangkan sisi dingin menggunakan kipas DC 12V. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa variasi untuk menyalakan lampu dengan efektif dan efisien, diantaranya : variasi jumlah kipas pendingin (tanpa kipas, 1 kipas dan 2 kipas), variasi rangkaian peltier (seri, paralel dan kombinasi), variasi jumlah peltier (3 peltier dan 6 peltier). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada Termoelektrik Generator (TEG) dihasilkan perbedaan temprature paling tinggi menggunakan 1 kipas dengan 131.4, rangkaian dengan 3 peltier yang menghasilkan tegangan, arus dan daya yang paling tinggi menggunakan rangkaian seri dengan 6.84V, 0.28A, dan 1.92W, dan yang mampu menyalakan lampu DC 12V 5 Watt menggunakan 6 peltier dengan menghasilkan 13.5V, 0.55A, dan 7.425W. Sehingga dengan enam peltier dapat menyalakan satu kipas dan satu lampu DC 5 watt.

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Palka, Heru Sagito, and Meqorry Yusfi. "Sistem Kontrol Temperatur Air pada Proses Pemanasan dan Pendinginan dengan Pompa sebagai Pengoptimal." Jurnal Fisika Unand 5, no. 3 (July 3, 2016): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jfu.5.3.222-227.2016.

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Perancangan sistem kontrol temperatur air pada proses pemanasan dan pendinginan menggunakan dua buah elemen Peltier dengan pompa sebagai pengoptimaltelah dilakukan.Keypad 3x4 digunakan untuk memberikan input nilai temperatur yang diinginkan lalu ditampilkan oleh LCD 2x16. Sensor LM35 digunakan sebagai pendeteksi perubahan nilai temperatur air. Mikrokontroler ATmega8535 akan memproses dan membandingkan nilai temperatur acuan dan nilai temperatur awal yang dideteksi oleh sensor. Apabila nilai temperatur acuan lebih besar dari nilai temperatur awal, maka sistem pemanas aktif. Apabila nilai temperatur acuan lebih kecil dari nilai temperatur awal,maka sistem pendingin aktif. Sistem kontrol on-off aktif untuk mengontrol temperatur sampai nilai yang sesuai. Sisi panas dan sisi dingin elemen Peltier dimanfaatkan sebagai pemanas dan pendingin. Proses pemindahan kalor terjadi secara konduksi melalui waterblock dan secara konveksi melalui pompa. Sistem kontrol dapat mempertahankan temperatur air yang diinginkan dengan kesalahan sebesar0,5 oC. Kemampuan elemen Peltier menurun seiring bertambahnya massa air dan meningkat dengan bertambahnya jumlah elemen Peltier yang digunakan. Pada tegangan 12 V/3 A, satu elemen Peltier dapat menurunkan temperatur air bermassa 50 g hingga 19,3oC.Kata kunci : elemen Peltier, kontrol on-off, LM35

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18

Bodnár, István, and Dániel Koós. "Peltier-elemes hűtőberendezés tervezése és megvalósítása napelemcella hűtésére." Multidiszciplináris Tudományok 9, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2019.2.8.

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A tanulmány egy napelemcella laboratóriumi méréseihez tervezett és megvalósított Peltier-elemekből felépülő hűtőegységről szól. A hűtőegység egy napfényszimulátor részeként került megtervezésre és megvalósításra. A napfényszimulátor lényege, hogy a napelem cellán megismételhető és összehasonlítható méréseket lehessen végezni változtatható paraméterek mellett. A megvilágítás intenzitását a Napszimulátorral, a napelemcella hőmérsékletét pedig a Peltier-elemes hűtőegységgel lehet befolyásolni. A Peltier-elemes egységet be lehet kötni úgy is, hogy az a napelemet melegítse, így széles hőmérséklettartományban lehet vizsgálni a napelem cella működését. Mivel a napelemcella túlmelegedés esetében rosszabb hatásfokkal üzemel, illetve gyorsabban elöregszik, ezért a Peltier-elemekből készült egység végül hűtő üzemmódban került kivezérlésre.

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19

Furubayashi, Yutaka, Takafumi Tanehira, Kei Yonemori, Nobuhide Seo, and Shinichiro Kuroki. "3D Integration of Si-Based Peltier Device onto 4H-SiC Power Device." Materials Science Forum 858 (May 2016): 1107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.858.1107.

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We propose 3-D integration of Peltier device onto a power device. In order to transport a heat from the power device, as a suitable material of the Peltier device, silicon was adopted because of its high Seebeck coefficient, high thermal conductivity, and applicability to semiconductor process. Bulk Si-based Peltier devices with conventional shape showed an active thermal transport over a Joule heat at the operation current less than 5 A. 3-D integration of 4H-SiC-based Schottky barrier diodes and Si-based film Peltier device, separated by intrinsic SiC layer, was realized by using conventional Si-based process flow.

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Jung, D. H., I. K. Moon, and Y. H. Jeong. "Peltier AC calorimeter." Thermochimica Acta 391, no. 1-2 (August 2002): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(02)00159-4.

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Rosenbloom, David H. "Hope v. Pelzer." Review of Public Personnel Administration 23, no. 3 (September 2003): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x03252960.

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Yun, Y. J., D. H. Jung, I. K. Moon, and Y. H. Jeong. "Peltier tip calorimeter." Review of Scientific Instruments 77, no. 6 (June 2006): 064901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2204584.

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KIM, Sang-Hoon, G. Y. KIM, S. K. PARK, S. B. LEE, and H. C. RI*. "Peltier Current Leads." New Physics: Sae Mulli 60, no. 2 (February 27, 2010): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/npsm.60.206.

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Lazarchick, J. "Pelger-Huet Anomoly." ASH Image Bank 2004, no. 0721 (July 21, 2004): 101164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/ashimagebank-2004-101164.

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Maslak, P. "Pelger Huet Cell." ASH Image Bank 2003, no. 0603 (June 3, 2003): 100724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/ashimagebank-2003-100724.

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David J. Murphy. "Judith Peller Hallet." Classical World 103, no. 4 (2010): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/clw.2010.0030.

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Drebushchak, V. A. "The Peltier effect." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 91, no. 1 (July 11, 2007): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-007-8336-9.

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Moon, I. K., D. H. Jung, C. Mukesh, and Y. H. Jeong. "Peltier Calorimeters, Peltier Vacuum Gauge and Gas Convection Acceleration Sensor." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 53, no. 9(6) (December 15, 2008): 3572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.53.3572.

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Okuwaki, Yoko, and Shigeo Yamaguchi. "A Portable Thermal Cycler Using a PN Sandwich-Structure Peltier Device." Advanced Materials Research 254 (May 2011): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.254.128.

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We have studied a novel Peltier device having a metallic tip which is directly sandwiched between P-type and N-type thermoelectric materials. The tip can be heated and cooled directly driven by Peltier effect, resulting in high thermal response. In this study, we report the fabrication of a portable thermal cycler using a PN sandwich-structure Peltier device. The device has copper plates with minute fin to efficiently radiate heat.

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Widianto, Tri Nugroho, Luthfi Assadad, and Ahmat Fauzi. "Modifikasi Design Heatsink dan Dudukan Peltier pada Alat Transportasi Ikan Segar." Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan 15, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v15i2.677.

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Alat transportasi ikan segar (ALTIS) adalah sarana pendingin yang dapat mempertahankan mutu ikan segar. ALTIS umumnya digunakan oleh pedagang kelliling dalam transportasi dan distribusi produknya. Komponen yang menentukan kinerja pendingin adalah heatsink dan dudukan peltier. Kedua bagian ini berfungsi dalam transfer panas kotak penyimpanan ikan menuju udara. Namun, biaya produksi dan harga material kedua komponen tersebut cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk modifikasi spesifikasi heatsink dan dudukan peltier, agar mendapatkan efisiensi biaya pembuatannya. Heatsink dibuat dari 3 mm plat tembaga dengan 18 sirip aluminium yang memiliki ketinggian 10 mm dan ketebalan 1 mm. Sementara itu, dudukan peltier juga dibuat dari alumunium dengan ketebalan bervariasi (4, 5, 6, dan 10 mm). Performa kedua bagian ini diuji dengan variabel suhu heatsink dalam, heatsink luar, dan ruang penyimpanan ikan, setiap 5 menit selama 95 menit. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa suhu ruang penyimpanan ikan menggunakan heatsink baru (17,8°C) lebih rendah dari heatsink sebelumnya (18,3°C). Desain heatsink yang baru ini dapat mengurangi biaya pembuatan sebesar Rp. 807.000,00. Dudukan elemen peltier dengan alumunium setebal 4 mm dapat mempercepat proses perpindahan panas dari ruang penyimpanan ikan menuju peltier. Modifikasi ini dapat diaplikasikan untuk menurunkan biaya dan meningkatkan performa ALTIS.ABSTRACTRefrigerated Fresh Fish Container (ALTIS) is a cooler equipment to maintain the quality of fresh fish. ALTIS is usually used by the itinerant fish traders to preserve their products in transportation and distribution. The components that determine the cooler performance are the heatsinks and the Peltier base plate. These components are responsible for transferring the heat from the fish container to the air. However, the production costs and material price for both components are expensive. This study aimed to reduce production costs by modifying the heatsink and Peltier base plate design specifications. The heatsink was made from 3 mm thickness copper and aluminum fins. The aluminum fins were 18 pieces in total, with 1.6 mm thickness and 10 mm height. Meanwhile, the Peltier base plate was also made from aluminum with varied thicknesses (4, 5, 6, and 10 mm). The performance of both parts was evaluated by temperature measurement in the inner heatsink, outer heatsink, and box container for every 5 minutes in 95 minutes. The results showed that the refrigerated container box temperature with the new heatsink (17.8°C) was lower than the existing heatsink (18.3°C). Moreover, the new heatsink design may reduce the production costs by Rp. 807,000.00. Furthermore, the Peltier base plate with a 4 mm thickness could accelerate the heat-dissipating of Peltier. Thus, the modification can be applied for ALTIS production with lower cost and better performance.

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Boroń, Krzysztof, Piotr Bratek, and Andrzej Kos. "Graphical touch screen of thermal signs for the blind people – clinic tests." Microelectronics International 24, no. 2 (April 24, 2007): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13565360710745566.

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PurposeThe paper aims to present the prototype of a graphical touch screen of thermal signs for the blind.Design/methodology/approachThe surface of every Peltier pump is a touch point that demands the thermal stabilization. Miniature Peltier modules can work both as heat and cold generators. They are also able to measure the required dot temperature. Graphical screen of thermal signs displays a simple symbol or Brail text. Special computer program was made to control this innovative device. The software enables monitoring the temperature of each Peltier module.FindingsThe experiments carried out with blind people show that they are able to recognize hot and cold dots. Infrared photos of the device have been made using the thermographic MK525 camera.Originality/valueThe paper illustrates that it is possible to display simple graphics by using Peltier micropumps.

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Lyskawinski, Wieslaw, and Wojciech Szelag. "Analysis of cooling and heating system with Peltier cell." ITM Web of Conferences 19 (2018): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20181901032.

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The article presents a developed cooling/heating system with a Peltier cell. This system is intended for local improvement of thermal comfort. The interaction between the Peltier module, a water block and the heat sink with a fan has been investigated. A thermal model of the cooling/heating system has been developed, as well as software for determining parameters of the Peltier modules and for analysis of the system operation conditions has been implemented. The obtained results of calculations were compared with the results of experimental tests.

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Giaretto, Valter, and Elena Campagnoli. "The Elusive Thomson Effect in Thermoelectric Devices. Experimental Investigation from 363 K to 213 K on Various Peltier Modules." Metals 10, no. 2 (February 23, 2020): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10020291.

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At steady state, in the governing equation of one-stage thermoelectric cooler, the heat resulting from Fourier conduction is balanced by heat generation due to the Joule and Thomson effects inside semiconductors. Since the heat flux observed at the junction of a semiconductor, r pair includes the Peltier effect and the Fourier heat flux caused by both the aforementioned contributions, the Thomson effect is easily masked by the Joule heat, which makes it elusive. With the aim of highlighting the contribution of the Thomson effect, measurements were carried out in the temperature range from 363 K to 213 K on different Peltier modules. The temperature dependence of the Seebeck and Thomson coefficients was evaluated as well as the electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity of the Peltier modules examined. The results obtained show that the temperature dependence of the thermoelectric properties can reduce the cooling capacity of the Peltier module compared to what is declared in the technical datasheets of the commercial devices. The analyses allow us to conclude that an increase in the Thomson effect could have a positive effect on the performance of the Peltier only if it were possible to reduce the Joule contribution simultaneously.

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Shafai, C., and M. J. Brett. "A micro-integrated Peltier heat pump for localized on-chip temperature control." Canadian Journal of Physics 74, S1 (December 1, 1996): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p96-847.

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A thin-film Peltier heat pump was fabricated using standard semiconductor patterning and etching techniques. The device consisted of chrome–gold and bismuth telluride metallization to form the thermoelectric junctions. The device achieved a maximum heat-pumping rate of −24 μW at a current of 0.89 mA when operating in the cooling mode. These values were less than expected primarily due to excessive contact resistance at the Au–Bi2Te3 junctions of the Peltier device. Thermal isolation of the Peltier device on a 2.4 μm thick oxide bridge was used to enhance device performance. Complete etching of the silicon surrounding this oxide bridge was not possible, due to resultant damage of the bismuth telluride thin film. The silicon remaining increased thermal losses, resulting in the Peltier device lowering the temperature of the oxide bridge only 0.23 °C below ambient.

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Peltier, W. R., and Yonggang Liu. "Peltier & Liu reply." Nature 456, no. 7224 (December 2008): E9—E10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07656.

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36

Steel, Duncan. "Our asteroid-pelted planet." Nature 354, no. 6351 (November 1991): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/354265a0.

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Marcos, Subcomandante. "Letter to Leonard Peltier." Monthly Review 51, no. 8 (January 6, 2000): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-051-08-2000-01_6.

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38

Shah, Samir S., Rupali S. Parikh, Lakshmi P. Vaswani, and Rajeshree Divkar. "Familial Pelger–Huet Anomaly." Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion 32, S1 (January 25, 2015): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12288-015-0508-3.

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39

Maslak, P. "Pseudo Pelger-Huet Cell." ASH Image Bank 2004, no. 0712 (July 12, 2004): 101151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/ashimagebank-2004-101151.

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40

Maslak, P. "Pseudo Pelger Huet cells." ASH Image Bank 2002, no. 0903 (September 3, 2002): 100446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/ashimagebank-2002-100446.

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41

Holt, Joseph. "Limber by Angela Pelster." Prairie Schooner 89, no. 3 (2015): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2015.0130.

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42

Putra, Ficho Cahaya, and V. Vekky R. Repi. "Perancangan Dan Pembuatan Kotak Pendingin Berbasis Termoelektrik Untuk Aplikasi Penyimpanan Vaksin Dan Obat-Obatan." Jurnal Ilmiah Giga 18, no. 2 (March 27, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/jig.v18i2.577.

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Kotak pendingin dengan menggunakan elemen peltier adalah suatu alat yang<br />memanfaatkan elemen peltier (termoelektrik) yang dipergunakan untuk menyimpan produk<br />medis guna untuk dipindahkan dari suatu tempat ke tempat lain agar kualitas tetap terjaga<br />sampai tempat tujuan. Elemen Peltier merupakan media pendingin yang ramah lingkungan<br />karena tidak menggunakan refrigerant sebagai fluida pendinginnya. Maka dari itu dilakukan<br />perancangan dan pembuatan kotak pendingin menggunakan elemen peltier sebagai sistim<br />pendinginnya. Hal ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan fungsi sistim pendingin pada kotak<br />pendingin agar mencapai suhu kabin sebesar ± 18,70 C dengan kapasitas beban maksimal 500<br />ml. Hasil yang dicapai saat pengujian pada beban kosong adalah 18,40 C, pada beban 100 ml<br />mencapai temperatur 18,40 C dan pada beban 250 ml mencapai temperatur 18,70 C. Data ini<br />berdasarkan suhu di lingkungan berkisar 300 C.

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43

Etzell, Joan E., and Endi Wang. "Acquired Pelger-Huët Anomaly in Association With Concomitant Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil in a Liver Transplant Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 130, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2006-130-93-apaiaw.

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Abstract Pelger-Huët anomaly is a congenital or acquired abnormality of neutrophil nuclear segmentation. The acquired form may be a result of a clonal myeloid malignancy, such as myelodysplastic syndrome, or may be a secondary nonclonal change related to a variety of underlying causes, including infections and medications. We report a case of a 56-year-old man who developed acquired Pelger-Huët anomaly following liver transplantation while on the immunosuppressive agents tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. These medications have been reported in association with this abnormality, but usually as a single agent or in combination with other drugs. In our case, the Pelger-Huët anomaly may be the result of the combination of these 2 drugs or mycophenolate alone with subsequent desensitization because resolution of the abnormality occurred after a reduction in mycophenolate mofetil dose, and the abnormality did not recur when mycophenolate mofetil was increased to a dose previously associated with Pelger-Huët anomaly during the time that tacrolimus was discontinued.

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Machacek, Zdenek, Wojciech Walendziuk, Vojtech Sotola, Zdenek Slanina, Radek Petras, Miroslav Schneider, Zdenek Masny, Adam Idzkowski, and Jiri Koziorek. "An Investigation of Thermoelectric Generators Used as Energy Harvesters in a Water Consumption Meter Application." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 3768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133768.

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In this study, we present the results of measuring the performance of selected Peltier cells such as thermoelectric Peltier cooler modules (TEC), thermoelectric micro-Peltier cooler modules (TES), and thermoelectric Seebeck generator modules (TEG). The achieved results are presented in the form of graphs of powering system output voltage or power efficiency functions of the load impedance. Moreover, a technical solution is also presented that consists of designing a water consumption power supply system, using a renewable energy source in the form of a Peltier cell. The developed measuring system does not require additional batteries or an external power source. The energy needed to power the system was obtained from the temperature difference between two sides of a thermoelectric cell, caused by the measured medium which was flowing in a copper water pipe. All achieved results were investigated for the temperature difference from 1 to 10 K in relation to the ambient temperature.

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Lopes, Elem Cristina dos Santos, Evandro Luiz Klein, Candido Augusto Veloso Moura, Fernando Rodrigo dos Anjos Lucas, Bruno Luiz Silva Pinheiro, Joseneusa Brilhante Rodrigues, and Margarete Wagner Simas. "U-Pb (LA-ICP-MS) of detrital zircon and whole rock Nd and geochemical constraints on the provenance, depositional age and tectonic setting of the metasedimentary Piriá Basin, northern Brazil: implications for the evolution of the Gurupi Belt." Brazilian Journal of Geology 46, suppl 1 (June 2016): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-4889201620150015.

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ABSTRACT: The Piriá Basin (Piriá Formation) is a hemi-graben shaped basin that developed over Precambrian rocks of the Gurupi Belt. The lithological content comprises four interfingered lithofacies: (1) arkose and greywacke with pelite layers, (2) laminated siltstones and pelites, (3) arkose with hummocky stratification, and (4) oligomictic conglomerate. This sequence was formed in alluvial fans (conglomerate), and fluvial systems (arkose, greywacke, siltstones and pelites) that were established and evolved during the migration of the subsidence. The sedimentary sequence underwent anquimetamorphism and very weak tectonic deformation. U-Pb analyses of detrital zircon set the maximum depositional age at 591 Ma and indicate several sediment sources, that range in age from the Neoproterozoic to the Archean. The main sources are from the Rhyacian, which is the main period of continental crust formation in the São Luís cratonic fragment and the basement of the Gurupi Belt. Neoproterozoic sources were important in the eastern segment of the basin. Ages from unknown sources in the region so far have also been recorded. Combined, the U-Pb zircon data, the whole-rock geochemical and Sm-Nd results, and the petrographic information revealed proximal felsic to intermediate provenance, in addition to recycled sedimentary sources. As a whole, our data suggest that the Piriá Formation was deposited in a post-orogenic basin related to the final stage of evolution of the Brasiliano cycle of orogenies, which built up the Gurupi Belt.

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46

Camfield, P. A., J. C. Gupta, A. G. Jones, R. D. Kurtz, D. H. Krentz, J. A. Ostrowski, and J. A. Craven. "Electromagnetic sounding and crustal electrical conductivity in the region of the Wopmay Orogen, Northwest Territories, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 2385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-203.

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Temporal variations of the three components of the geomagnetic field were recorded at eight sites along a 240 km profile across the Early Proterozoic Wopmay Orogen. After an empirical separation of these data into normal and anomalous parts, horizontal-to-vertical-field transfer functions in the period range 40–1200 s display evidence for a minor anomaly spatially located near the allochthonous shelf margin at the eastern edge of the Hepburn Batholith. The observations can be partially simulated by a two-dimensional 20 ? m body (30 km wide, 2 km thick) embedded in the surface of a very resistive layered Earth model derived from inversion of magnetotelluric sounding data at a central station. The body correlates spatially with metamorphosed graphitic pelites of the Odjick Formation (Epworth Group), a unit of deep-water facies interpreted as continental slope–rise deposits. Laboratory measurements on samples of the pelite yielded resistivity values of the order of 104 ?∙m, so the enhanced conductivity of the body is more likely caused by water filling cracks associated with the pelites' well-developed cleavage and schistosity, rather than by the graphite. A scalar audiomagnetotelluric survey across the Wopmay fault zone, a prominent structure that bisects the orogen, gave results very much distorted by three-dimensional effects. The electric-polarization apparent resistivities of these data indicate a shallow conductor 2 km east of the fault scarp, 1–2 km wide. Models of the feature suggest that its vertical extent is at least 1–2 km.

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47

Harnsoongnoen, Supakorn, N. Phaengpha, S. Ritjaroenwattu, U. Charoen-In, and Apirat Siritaratiwat. "Joule Heating and Peltier Effects in Thermoelectric Spin-Transfer Torque Mram Devices Using Finite Element Modeling." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.989.

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This paper reports the Joule heating and Peltier effects in thermoelectric spin-transfer torque MRAMs (TSTT-MRAMs). The simulation was undertaken based on the current-induced magnetization switching at the MgO/CoFe magnetic tunnel junction. Thermal and heat flux distributions of the TSTT-MRAM cells were simulated and analyzed using finite-element modeling. The Joule heating and Peltier effects lead to the increases in the temperature and heat flux distributions at the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) as well as the thermoelectric module. The maximum temperature of Peltier effect is higher than Joule heating effect when voltage amplitude below 0.77V. Some practical data for the STT-MRAM were also reported.

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48

Šandera, Josef, and Michal Nicák. "Temperature cycling with Peltier elements of boards with SMD components and failure evaluation." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 26, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-02-2013-0004.

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Purpose – This article aims to discuss the construction of a system for temperature cycling, where Peltier elements are used as heating or cooling elements. This article describes the results and experiences based on several years of practice in the area of thermo-mechanical reliability of soldered joints on printed boards with SMD components. Design/methodology/approach – The authors discuss the characteristics of the design, the threshold temperatures, dynamic properties of the system and, most importantly, the reliability and the useful life of the Peltier elements. The advantages and disadvantages of the system are mentioned as well as examples of use. Findings – The utilisation of Peltier elements for temperature cycling is possible, but it is important to keep in mind that the reliability of the elements is similar to the reliability of the system, and therefore, it is essential to replace the defective Peltier elements during the cycling. Research limitations/implications – The construction of system is very simply. It is necessary to ensure the Peltier elements with low dispersion parameters. Originality/value – The system is very well suited for cycling of printed boards, especially one sided, multi-chip systems, COB systems, flip-chip embedded construction, etc. The system can be used in situations where it is possible to ensure an effective heat transfer and where extremely low temperatures are not required.

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Sadowski, Emil, and Roman Pniewski. "Measurement of Peltier modules using the Arduino platform." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.467.

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The article discusses the system for measuring Peltier thermoelectric modules using the Arduino platform based on the Atmega328P microcontroller. The results of such measurements for the TEC1-12705 series of thermoelectric cells are also presented. Both for cooling mode operation (Peltier effect) and for working as a thermoenergy generator (Sebeecka effect)..

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Rock, N. M. S., R. Macdonald, T. Szucs, and J. Bower. "The comparative geochemistry of some Highland pelites (Anomalous local limestone–pelite successions within the Moine outcrop; II)." Scottish Journal of Geology 22, no. 1 (May 1986): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg22010107.

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