Journal articles: 'Pellets and films'

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Kulkarni, Apoorva, Dimple Sharma, Alexander Ermlich, Shilpa Manjure, Ramani Narayan, and Teresa M. Bergholz. "Antimicrobial Solid Starch–Iodine Complex via Reactive Extrusion and Its Application in PLA-PBAT Blown Films." Polymers 16, no. 11 (May 24, 2024): 1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16111487.

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In this study, a solid masterbatch of starch–iodine complex with 6.7 wt.% iodine was prepared in pellet form using a ZSK-30 twin-screw extruder. Thermogravimetric (TGA) and isothermal TGA analysis of the pellets revealed that there was no significant loss of iodine due to sublimation during reactive extrusion. These solid pellets demonstrated antifungal properties when applied to strawberries via dip coating in an aqueous solution, extending their shelf life from two days to eight days, thereby reducing fungal growth and visual decay. Furthermore, the solid pellets displayed antibacterial activity against E. coli, as evidenced by the clear zone of inhibition observed in the Kirby–Bauer test. To enhance practical application, these pellets were further blended with PLA-PBAT film formulations at 10 and 18% by wt. to make blown films with effective iodine loadings of 0.7 and 1.3% by wt. These films showed superior antibacterial activity against E. coli compared with PLA control films and the commercial silver antimicrobial-containing films during direct inoculation tests as per ISO 22196. Tensile strength and elongation at break in machine direction (MD) for the starch–iodine-containing blown films were comparable to the control films in MD, but tensile strength was reduced to 37–40% in the transverse direction (TD). This was due to a non-uniform dispersion of the starch–iodine complex in the films, as confirmed by the visual and SEM analyses. Thus, this study illustrates the practical utility of the solid starch–iodine complex as a safe and efficient means of introducing iodine into an environment, mitigating the typical hazards associated with handling solid iodine.

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Higgs, C. Fred, and Hooshang Heshmat. "Characterization of Pelletized MoS2 Powder Particle Detachment Process." Journal of Tribology 123, no. 3 (March 30, 2000): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1310158.

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A recently postulated concept of friction between solids states that the process exhibits elements of quasi-hydrodynamic lubrication in which the wear particles shed from one or both surfaces form an interface layer acting as a lubricant. Pellets were formed by compacting MoS2 powder. A series of pellet-on disk tests were conducted to intentionally deposit wear particles on to a disk. The purpose of the tests are to aid in characterizing the particle detachment process of the pellet. This process consists of analyzing the transfer film, wear and frictional behavior of the pellet. This work also seeks to show that a MoS2 pellet can transfer a film capable of exhibiting tribological characteristics similar to those of liquid lubricants. For example, some tests were correlated with a dimensionless grouping of variables known as the Sommerfeld Number, to suggest the presence of quasi-hydrodynamic behavior in powder films. The pellet parameters that were analyzed were the particle size, compaction pressure and the effects of external loading during testing. Some of the conclusions arrived at were that smaller compaction pressures yield smaller friction coefficients and greater normal loads placed on pellets help to ensure the proper performance of the lubricating powder films. Data from the wear rate of the pellet and friction coefficient, in addition to the appearance of the wear particles were studied. An interesting feature of the pellet friction is that the longer the rest period in between test runs, the greater the friction values are at the resumption of testing. The present work is part of a continuing series to demonstrate that the process of so-called “dry” friction is not confined to the morphology of the interacting surfaces but that it is also a function of the shear and flow occurring at the interface.

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Zhao, Hongxing, Fengshan Zhou, Cunfa Ma, Zhongjin Wei, and Wenjun Long. "Bonding Mechanism and Process Characteristics of Special Polymers Applied in Pelletizing Binders." Coatings 12, no. 11 (October 26, 2022): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111618.

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Pellet ore not only has excellent metallurgical and mechanical properties, but is also an important metallurgical raw material used to solve the problem of increasing depletion of global high-grade iron ore resources. Bentonite has long been widely used in pellet ore production, which is not only expensive but also causes serious metallurgical pollution. Organic binders can form stronger adhesion and cohesion with mineral particles inside the green pellets than capillary forces, which greatly improves the pelletizing rate and significantly increases the strength of green and dry pellets, and it becomes an indispensable alternative to bentonite because it volatilizes pyrolytically at high temperatures, leaving almost no inorganic contaminants inside the pellet ore. In order to let more pellet researchers fully understand the research status and pelletizing theory of organic binders, this review systematically summarizes seven common organic binders, and elaborates on their adhesion mechanism and process characteristics, so as to provide references for pellet researchers and readers to further prepare cost-effective pellet binders and improve advanced pelletizing technology.

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Lim, Kean Pah, Han Ming Albert Gan, Soo Kien Chen, Zainal Abdib Talib, S. A. Halim, Siau Wei Ng, and Hui Wei Chin. "Lattice Strain Effect in Structural, Magnetoresistance and Electrical Properties of La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃ Bulk and Thin Film System." Materials Science Forum 846 (March 2016): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.846.635.

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Polycrystalline La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) powder prepared via conventional solid state reaction was pressed into pellet form. The pellets became target to growth thin films on corning glass (LSMO-C), fused silica (LSMO-FS) and MgO (100) (LSMO-M) substrate via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. XRD results showed that all samples were hexagonal structure with R-3C space group. Thin films showed relatively smaller crystallite size compared to bulk samples. From Rietveld Refinement analysis, all thin films experienced lattice strain when deposited on different substrate. LSMO compound deposited in different substrate induced structure distortion and lattice strain. Compression along c-axis occurred when the lattice strain increased thus shifted the metal-insulator transition temperature to lower temperature and increased its resistivity.

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Wang, Li Ge, Rang Wei Tang, Long Zhou, and En Ze Wang. "Study on Compound Modification of Sodium Silicate." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.845.

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In this paper, two-component compound modifiers were used to modify sodium silicate, preparing a new type of inorganic-organic composite cold pellet binder consolidation. The dispersion of its formative adhesive films is good and the bonding ability is also high. By changing modifier ratio and addition, the information of pellet structure and composition was studied. The results showed that: when the compound modifier-component mass ratio is 1:1, adding the amount is 2%, the modified adhesive bond strength is higher, the production of pellets using compression strength up to 2.75KN / a, meeting the needs of blast furnace smelting.

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Mandić, Vilko, Arijeta Bafti, Luka Pavić, Ivana Panžić, Stanislav Kurajica, Jakov-Stjepan Pavelić, Zhen Shi, Katarina Mužina, and Ivana Katarina Ivković. "Humidity Sensing Ceria Thin-Films." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030521.

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Lowering the constitutive domains of semiconducting oxides to the nano-range has recently opened up the possibility of added benefit in the research area of sensing materials, in terms both of greater specific surface area and pore volume. Among such nanomaterials, ceria has attracted much attention; therefore, we chemically derived homogeneous ceria nanoparticle slurries. One set of samples was tape-casted onto a conducting glass substrate to form thin-films of various thicknesses, thereby avoiding demanding reaction conditions typical of physical depositions, while the other was pressed into pellets. Structural and microstructural features, along with electrical properties and derivative humidity-sensing performance of ceria thin-films and powders pressed into pellets, were studied in detail. Particular attention was given to solid-state impedance spectroscopy (SS-IS), under controlled relative humidity (RH) from 30%–85%, in a wide temperature and frequency range. Moreover, for the thin-film setup, measurements were performed in surface-mode and cross-section-mode. From the results, we extrapolated the influence of composition on relative humidity, the role of configuration and thin-film thickness on electrical properties, and derivative humidity-sensing performance. The structural analysis and depth profiling both point to monophasic crystalline ceria. Microstructure analysis reveals slightly agglomerated spherical particles and thin-films with low surface roughness. Under controlled humidity, the shape of the conductivity spectrum stays the same along with an increase in RH, and a notable shift to higher conductivity values. The relaxation is slow, as the thickness of the pellet slows the return of conductivity values. The increase in humidity has a positive effect on the overall DC conductivity, similar to the temperature effect for semiconducting behavior. As for the surface measurement setup, the thin-film thickness impacts the shape of the spectra and electrical processes. The surface measurement setup turns out to be more sensitive to relative humidity changes, emphasized with higher RH, along with an increase in thin-film thickness. The moisture directly affects the conductivity spectra in the dispersion part, i.e., on the localized short-range charge carriers. Moisture sensitivity is a reversible process for thin-film samples, in contrast to pellet form samples.

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Onori, S., F. D'Errico, C. De Angelis, E. Egger, P. Fattibene, and I. Janovsky. "Proton response of alanine based pellets and films." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 47, no. 11-12 (November 1996): 1201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(96)00211-4.

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Matsubara, Masaki, Tetsu Yonezawa, Takato Minoshima, Hiroki Tsukamoto, Yingqiong Yong, Yohei Ishida, Mai Thanh Nguyen, Hiroki Tanaka, Kazuki Okamoto, and Takuya Osaka. "Proton-assisted low-temperature sintering of Cu fine particles stabilized by a proton-initiating degradable polymer." RSC Advances 5, no. 124 (2015): 102904–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra21402e.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Comparative NO2 Sensing Characteristics of SnO2:WO3 Thin Film Against Bulk and Investigation of Optical Properties of the Thin Film." Baghdad Science Journal 15, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.15.2.227-233.

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A comparative investigation of gas sensing properties of SnO2 doped with WO3 based on thin film and bulk forms was achieved. Thin films were deposited by thermal evaporation technique on glass substrates. Bulk sensors in the shape of pellets were prepared by pressing SnO2:WO3 powder. The polycrystalline nature of the obtained films with tetragonal structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The calculated crystalline size was 52.43 nm. Thickness of the prepared films was found 134 nm. The optical characteristics of the thin films were studied by using UV-VIS Spectrophotometer in the wavelength range 200 nm to 1100 nm, the energy band gap, extinction coefficient and refractive index of the thin film were 2.5 eV , 0.024 and 2.51, respectively. Hall measurements confirmed that the films are n-type. The NO2 sensing characteristics of the SnO2:WO3 sensors were studied with various temperatures and NO2 gas concentrations. Both thin film and bulk sensors showed maximum sensitivity at temperature of 250 oC. Thin film sensors showed enhanced response in comparison to that of pellets.

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MARX, DAVID T., and NAUSHAD ALI. "FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPERCONDUCTING (BI,PB)-SR-CA-CU-O THICK FILMS ON SR-CA-CU-O SUBSTRATES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 07, no. 01n03 (January 1993): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979293000330.

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We have used a new technique to prepare thick films (about 1 µm) of the Bi(Pb)-based hightemperature superconductors. The method begins by standard powder synthesis of the substrateusing strontium and calcium carbonates and copper oxide in the nominal ratio 3:3:4. Pb may beintroduced into the sample by adding lead oxide. The material is fired in air to 975°C for 24 hourswith one intermediate grinding and pressing of pellets. Bi metal is evaporated onto the surface ofthe pellet. Patterning may be easily accomplished using metal masking. The film is then heattreated in air. Subsequent characterization using resistivity, dc magnetization, x-ray diffraction,and scanning electron microscopy has been performed.

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Biber, H., J. Brötzner, N. Jäggi, P. S. Szabo, J. Pichler, C. Cupak, C. Voith, et al. "Sputtering Behavior of Rough, Polycrystalline Mercury Analogs." Planetary Science Journal 3, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/aca402.

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Abstract The solar wind continuously impacts on rocky bodies in space, eroding their surface, thereby contributing significantly to the exosphere formations. The BepiColombo mission to Mercury will investigate the Hermean exosphere, which makes an understanding of the precise formation processes crucial for evaluation of the acquired data. We therefore developed an experimental setup with two microbalances that allows us to compare the sputter behavior of deposited thin solid layers with that of real mineral samples in the form of pressed powder. In addition, this technique is used to study the angular distribution of the sputtered particles. Using 4 keV He+ and 2 keV Ar+ ions, the sputter behavior of pellets of the minerals enstatite (MgSiO3) and wollastonite (CaSiO3) is studied, because these minerals represent analogs for the surface of the planet Mercury or the Moon. Pellets of powdered enstatite show significantly lower sputter yields than thin amorphous enstatite films prepared by pulsed laser deposition. 3D simulations of sputtering based on surface topography data from atomic force microscopy show that the observed reduction can be explained by the much rougher pellet surface alone. We therefore conclude that sputter yields from amorphous thin films can be applied to surfaces of celestial bodies exposed to ion irradiation, provided the effects of surface roughness, as encountered in realistic materials in space, are adequately accounted for. This also implies that taking surface roughness into account is important for modeling of the interaction of the solar wind with the surface of Mercury.

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Bahra, Gurmit Singh, Alan V. Chadwick, John W. Couves, and John D. Wright. "Photocurrent kinetics in metal phthalocyanine crystals, films and pellets." Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases 85, no. 8 (1989): 1979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/f19898501979.

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Ozkan, Orhan Veli, Vecdi Muderris, Fatih Altintoprak, Orhan Yagmurkaya, Omer Yalkin, and Fehmi Celebi. "An Unusual Cause of Abdominal Pain: Three Lead Pellets within the Appendix Vermiformis." Case Reports in Surgery 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/496372.

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Most ingested foreign bodies usually pass out in the feces uneventfully. Complications such as intestinal perforation and bleeding usually occur with sharp, thin, stiff, long, and pointed objects. This case describes the management of three lead pellets within the appendix vermiformis. A 45-year-old male visited our clinic complaining of a 4-month history of abdominal pain. The patient inquiry revealed that he had eaten hunted rabbit meat on numerous occasions and had unintentionally ingested three lead pellets. Plain abdominal films and a barium enema showed foreign bodies in the right lower abdominal quadrant. Since the lead pellets were thought to have migrated extraluminally, they were removed through laparotomy under fluoroscopic guidance. An appendectomy was performed. Pathologically, three lead pellets were embedded in the appendix, which showed signs of intramucosal inflammation. Foreign bodies causing appendicitis are rare. However, if stiff or pointed objects enter the appendicular lumen, there is a high risk of appendicitis, perforation, or abdominal pain. An appendectomy was required to remove the ingested lead pellets in the appendix.

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Dobromir, Marius, Radu Paul Apetrei, A. V. Rogachev, Dmitry L. Kovalenko, and Dumitru Luca. "Synthesis and Characterization of Nb-Doped TiO₂ Thin Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering." Advanced Materials Research 1117 (July 2015): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1117.139.

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Amorphous Nb-doped TiO2 thin films were deposited on (100) Si and glass substrates at room temperature by RF magnetron sputtering and a mosaic-type Nb2O5-TiO2 sputtering target. To adjust the amount of the niobium dopant in the film samples, appropriate numbers of Nb2O5 pellets were placed on the circular area of the magnetron target with intensive sputtering. By adjusting the discharge conditions and the number of niobium oxide pellets, films with dopant content varying between 0 and 16.2 at.% were prepared, as demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the as-deposited samples showed the lack of crystalline ordering in the samples. Surfaces roughness and energy band gap values increase with dopant concentration, as showed by atomic force microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy measurements.

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ZHANG, SAM, TAN MING JEN, XIANTING ZENG, HONG XIE, and PETER HING. "RAMAN AND PEELS STUDIES ON MAGNETRON SPUTTERED a-C." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 02n03 (January 30, 2000): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200000261.

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Amorphous carbon coatings (a-C, a-C:H) of less than 100 nm thick were deposited on KBr pellets and silicon wafer substrate via magnetron sputtering of graphite target in argon, argon/hydrogen and argon/nitrogen atmosphere. Parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS) analysis was used to quantify the sp 2/ sp 3 bonding in carbon films. Stand-alone films of amorphous carbon were produced by sputtering onto compressed KBr pellets and then floating off is distilled water for PEELS study. Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the peak intensity ratio of D-band to that of the G-band (IdIg). It shows that higher sp 3 fraction often associates with lower Raman peak ratio (IdIg). At the same time, G-band peak position P g decreases while sp 3 fraction increases.

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Costa, Diogo, Marco S. Rodrigues, Eduardo Alves, Nuno P. Barradas, Joel Borges, and Filipe Vaz. "Tuning the Refractive Index Sensitivity of LSPR Transducers Based on Nanocomposite Thin Films Composed of Noble Metal Nanoparticles Dispersed in TiO2." Materials 16, no. 23 (November 26, 2023): 7355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16237355.

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This work reports on the development of nanoplasmonic thin films consisting of Au, Ag, or Au-Ag nanoparticles dispersed in a TiO2 matrix and the optimization of the deposition parameters to tune their optical response. The thin films were produced by reactive DC magnetron sputtering of a Ti target with Au and/or Ag pellets placed on the erosion zone. The thicknesses (50 and 100 nm) of the films, the current density (75 and 100 A/m2) applied to the target (titanium), and the number of pellets placed on its surface were the deposition conditions that were used to tailor the optical (LSPR) response. The total noble metal content varied between 13 and 28 at.% for Au/TiO2 films, between 22 and 30 at.% for Ag/TiO2 films, and 8 to 29 at% for the Au-Ag/TiO2 systems with 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2 Au:Ag atomic ratios. After thermal annealing at 400 and 600 °C, LSPR bands were found for all films concerning the Au-TiO2 and Au-Ag/TiO2, while for Ag/TiO2, only for thin films with 28 and 30 at.% of Ag concentration. Refractive index sensitivity (RIS) was evaluated for Au and Au-Ag/TiO2 thin films. It was found that for bimetallic nanoparticles, the sensitivity can increase up to five times when compared to a monometallic nanoplasmonic system. Using Au-Ag/TiO2 thin films can decrease the cost of fabrication of LSPR transducers while improving their sensitivity.

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Singh, Inderbir, Gayatri Devi, Bibhuti Ranjan Barik, Anju Sharma, and Loveleen Kaur. "Mucoadhesive Pellets for Drug Delivery Applications: A Critical Review." Reviews of Adhesion and Adhesives 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7569/raa.2020.097305.

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Pellets are spherical shaped multiparticulate drug delivery systems with size ranging between 0.5-2.0 mm. Free flow, good mechanical properties, improved physical and chemical properties of powder, and stability are some advantages of pellets. Mucoadhesive pellets could be developed by using appropriate concentration and type of mucoadhesive polymer. Mucoadhesive pellets can be used for delivery of drugs to gastric, colonic, and vaginal regions. Immediate release, sustained/controlled release and implantable delivery could be incorporated using mucoadhesive pellets. Reproducibility, ease of scalability, quality control checks and significant mechanical strength are some advantages making pellets widely acceptable by pharmaceutical industry. In the present review, mucoadhesion process and theories, mucoadhesive polymers, pelletization process, evaluation of pellets and reported research/patents on mucoadhesive pellets for delivery of different categories of drugs have been presented.

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Motas, Justina G., Nima E. Gorji, Dumitru Nedelcu, Dermot Brabazon, and Fabrizio Quadrini. "XPS, SEM, DSC and Nanoindentation Characterization of Silver Nanoparticle-Coated Biopolymer Pellets." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 21, 2021): 7706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167706.

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The development of environmentally friendly materials has been the focus of many research groups in recent years due to increased harmful effects of plastics on the environment. Bio-based materials are considered a key solution from a sustainable manufacturing perspective. The nano-coating of biopolymer blends with silver nanoparticles is the subject of challenging research projects in line with the EU Directive on environment protection and sustainable manufacturing. Coating biopolymers with silver nanoparticles provides an antimicrobial and antiviral active surface. In this work, we develop silver nanoparticle-coated biopolymer Arboblend V2 Nature pellets. The main goal is to obtain a new material with antibacterial action obtained from the blending of a biopolymer pellets with silver nanoparticles through physical vapor deposition. The study is divided in three steps. The first step represents the silver nano-coating of the Arboblend V2 Nature and the characterization of the coated/raw pellets. The second step involves the injection molding of the silver nano-coated pellets and the characterization of the samples obtained. The last step regards the press molding of the coated pellets in order to obtain thin films, as well as their characterization. The PVD-sputtering technique is used to coat the pellets with silver nanoparticles. This process is especially optimized for coating raw materials with high water content and small-size pellets. The mechanical properties, surface chemical composition and the thermal properties of the both virgin and silver nanoparticle-coated biopolymer pellets are measured and analyzed for mechanical and thermal resistance of the nano-coating layer. Differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and nanoindentation mechanical testing is performed. The calorimetry test detects no significant alteration of the biopolymer produced from the PVD process and confirms the optimized PVD process for nano-coating of the Arboblend V2 Nature pellets with a viable application in nano-silver–biopolymer composite products.

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Braga Moruzzi, Rodrigo, Lais Galileu Speranza, Fabiano Tomazini da Conceição, Suely Teodoro de Souza Martins, Rosa Busquets, and Luiza Cintra Campos. "Stormwater Detention Reservoirs: An Opportunity for Monitoring and a Potential Site to Prevent the Spread of Urban Microplastics." Water 12, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071994.

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Stormwater runoff carries pollutants from urban areas to rivers and has the potential to be a main contributing source of microplastics (MPs) to the ecosystem. Stormwater detention reservoirs (SDRs) differ from ponds and lakes in that SDRs retain most particulate matter and they are emptied after storm events. This paper investigates the occurrence of MPs in the SDR of the Alto-Tietê catchment area, Itaim stream in Poá city, São Paulo, Brazil. The MPs found were classified in different categories: shapes (fragment, line/fibre, film/sheet and pellet); size (<0.5 mm, between 0.5 mm and 1 mm and >1 mm); and polymer composition. Results have shown that most of the MPs found in the samples are fragments (57%), followed by pellets (27%), fibres/lines (9%), and then films/sheets (6%). Small particles (<0.5 mm) represented 89% of the total MPs, and this category mainly included fragments (62%) and pellets (30%). MPs were found in a vast variety of shapes and colours, which shows a likely variety of sources. Besides the occurrence of MPs in the stormwater samples, the potential of SDRs as a first sanitary barrier to retain MPs before they reach the ecosystem has been speculated.

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Pornprasertsuk, Rojana, Onthida Kosasang, Kittichai Somroop, Mati Horprathum, Puenisara Limnonthakul, Pongpan Chindaudom, and Supatra Jinawath. "Proton conductivity of Y-doped BaZrO3: Pellets and thin films." Solid State Sciences 13, no. 7 (July 2011): 1429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2011.04.015.

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Kalyk, Fariza, Artūras Žalga, Andrius Vasiliauskas, Tomas Tamulevičius, Sigitas Tamulevičius, and Brigita Abakevičienė. "Synthesis and Electron-Beam Evaporation of Gadolinium-Doped Ceria Thin Films." Coatings 12, no. 6 (May 29, 2022): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060747.

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Gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) nanopowders, prepared using the co-precipitation synthesis method, were applied as a starting material to form ceria-based thin films using the electron-beam technique. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM )analysis of the pressed ceramic pellets’ cross-sectional views showed a dense structure with no visible defects, pores, or cracks. The AC impedance spectroscopy showed an increase in the total ionic conductivity of the ceramic pellets with an increase in the concentration of Gd2O3 in GDC. The highest total ionic conductivity was obtained for Gd0.1Ce0.9O2-δ (σtotal is 11 × 10−3 S∙cm−1 at 600 °C), with activation energies of 0.85 and 0.67 eV in both the low- and high-temperature ranges, respectively. The results of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) measurements revealed that the stoichiometry for the evaporated thin films differs, on average, by ~28% compared to the target material. The heat-treatment of the GDC thin films at 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C for 1 h in the air had a minor effect on the surface roughness and the morphology. The results of Raman spectroscopy confirmed the improvement of the crystallinity for the corresponding thin films. The optimum heat-treating temperature for thin films does not exceed 800 °C.

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Cai, Zengxiao, Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Renuka Dhandapani, and Maryam Naebe. "Sustainable Cotton Gin Waste/Polycaprolactone Bio-Plastic with Adjustable Biodegradation Rate: Scale-Up Production through Compression Moulding." Polymers 15, no. 9 (April 23, 2023): 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15091992.

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Cotton gin trash (CGT), a lignocellulosic waste generated during cotton fibre processing, has recently received significant attention for production of composite bio-plastics. However, earlier studies were limited to either with biodegradable polymers, through small-scale solution-casting method, or using industrially adaptable extrusion route, but with non-biodegradable polymers. In this study, a scale-up production of completely biodegradable CGT composite plastic film with adjustable biodegradation rate is proposed. First using a twin screw extruder, the prepared CGT powder was combined with polycaprolactone (PCL) to form pellets, and then using the compressing moulding, the pellets were transformed into bio-plastic composite films. Hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as a plasticiser in the mixture and its impact on the biodegradation rate was analysed. The morphology of CGT bio-plastic composite films showed even distribution of CGT powder within the PCL matrix. The CGT incorporation improved the UV resistance, thermal stability, and Young’s modulus of PCL material. Further, the flexibility and mixing properties of the composites were improved by PEG. Overall, this study demonstrated a sustainable production method of CGT bio-plastic films using the whole CGT and without any waste residue produced, where the degradation of the produced composite films can be adjusted to minimise the environmental impact.

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ATTANASIO, C., L. MARITATO, A. NIGRO, S. PRISHEPA, and R. SCAFURO. "REALIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF e-BEAM COMPLETELY EVAPORATED BSCCO THIN FILMS." Modern Physics Letters B 05, no. 18 (August 10, 1991): 1203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984991001477.

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BSCCO thin films with T c (R = 0) higher than 80 K have been routinely prepared using a simple and reliable technique in which we completely electron beam evaporated weighted amounts of bulk pellets. The films were grown on MgO single crystal (100) substrates and showed, after an ex-situ annealing at high temperatures (840–880° C) for several hours, a strong preferential orientation with the c-axis perpendicular to the plane of the substrate. The films were characterized by Θ − 2Θ X-ray diffraction and EDS analysis and by paraconductivity and critical current measurements.

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ANDREONE, A., E. DI GENNARO, G. LAMURA, M. SALLUZZO, J. LE COCHEC, A. GAUZZI, C. CANTONI, M. PARANTHAMAN, S. CERESARA, and G. GIUNCHI. "STUDY OF THE ELECTRODYNAMIC RESPONSE OF MgB2 SINTERED PELLETS AND THIN FILMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 11n12 (May 20, 2002): 1599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202011408.

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We present a number of experimental results on the temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth λ and on the temperature and field dependence of the microwave surface impedance Z s =R s +iX s in both pellets and thin films of MgB2 , exhibiting critical temperatures ranging between 26 and 38 K. Accurate measurements of Z s (H,T) were performed by means of a sapphire dielectrically loaded cavity operating in the microwave region (20 GHz). The study of λ(T) was carried out employing a single coil mutual inductance technique in the MHz region. An anisotropic s-wave BCS model can account for the temperature dependence experimentally observed in the penetration depth data of the best films, confirming previous reports on the conventional nature of superconductivity in diborides. On the contrary, films having a reduced value of the critical temperature and pellets show no evidence of saturation, and the experimental results strictly follow a quadratic dependence down to the lowest temperatures. We explain this behavior with the presence of metallic Mg inclusions that may locally depress the gap. The study of the surface impedance versus temperature and field shows also that the source of microwave loss can be markedly different, depending on the structural and transport properties of the samples.

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Palacios Bonilla, Marcos, Godofredo García Salgado, Antonio Coyopol Solís, Román Romano Trujillo, Fabiola Gabriela Nieto Caballero, Enrique Rosendo Andrés, Crisóforo Morales Ruiz, Justo Miguel Gracia Jiménez, and Reina Galeazzi Isasmendi. "Influence of the Incorporation of Nd in ZnO Films Grown by the HFCVD Technique to Enhance Photoluminiscence Due to Defects." Crystals 14, no. 6 (May 23, 2024): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14060491.

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In this work, optical–structural and morphological behavior when Nd is incorporated into ZnO is studied. ZnO and Nd-doped ZnO (ZnO-Nd) films were deposited at 900 °C on Silicon n-type substrates (100) by using the Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (HFCVD) technique. For this, pellets were made by from powders of ZnO(s) and a mixture of ZnO(s):Nd(OH)3(s). The weight percent of the mixture ZnO:Nd(OH)3 in the pellet is 1:3. The gaseous precursor generation was carried out by chemical decomposition of the pellets using atomic hydrogen which was produced by a tungsten filament at 2000 °C. For the ZnO film, diffraction planes (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), and (103) were found by XRD. For the ZnO-Nd film, its planes are displaced, indicating the incorporation of Nd into the ZnO. EDS was used to confirm the Nd in the ZnO-Nd film with an atomic concentration (at%) of Nd = 10.79. An improvement in photoluminescence is observed for the ZnO-Nd film; this improvement is attributed to an increase in oxygen vacancies due to the presence of Nd. The important thing about this study is that by the HFCVD method, ZnO-Nd films can be obtained easily and with very short times; in addition, some oxide compounds can be obtained individually as initial precursors, which reduces the cost compared to other techniques. Something interesting is that the incorporation of Nd into ZnO by this method has not yet been studied, and depending on the method used, the PL of ZnO with Nd can increase or decrease, and by the HFCVD method the PL of the ZnO film, when Nd is incorporated, increases more than 15 times compared to the ZnO film.

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Kim, Gwan Hyeon, Min Ji Kim, Hae Been Kim, Ji Heon Ryu, and Hee Chul Lee. "Preparation and Characterization of Sol–Gel-Driven LixLa3Zr2O12 Solid Electrolytes and LiCoO2 Cathodes for All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 7002–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18838.

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In the current study, we prepared a LixLa3Zr2O12 ((Al, Ta) LLZO) powder doped with 0.2 mol of Al and Ta using the sol-gel method and subsequently used it to fabricate solid electrolyte pellets. In pellets with lithium content of 6.2 and 6.82 mol, a cubic phase and a lithium-deficient pyrochlore mixed-phase were respectively observed. However, when the lithium content was 8.06 mol, a lithium-excess phase was also observed. Meanwhile, at 7.44 mol lithium, the (Al, Ta) LLZO ceramic pellets showed a pure cubic garnet phase with no secondary phase. When lithium was added excessively, a non-granular morphology was observed at the (Al, Ta) LLZO fracture surface in which the grains were tightly bonded by the liquid phase formed during sintering. Nyquist plots of the pellets showed that the effect of grain boundaries was eliminated and the pellets exhibited a high lithium ion conductivity of 4.26 × 10−4 S/cm. Using spin coating and multi-step heat treatment, we deposited LiCoO2 (LCO) thin films on (Al, Ta) LLZO pellets to form cathodes. There was no significant interdiffusion between the LCO cathode and (Al, Ta) LLZO solid electrolyte and morphological analysis indicted that a thin interfacial layer (~10 nm) was formed between the LCO and the electrolyte. Finally, we demonstrated an all-solid-state rechargeable battery in the form of a coin cell comprising of an LCO cathode, Li metal anode, and (Al, Ta) LLZO solid electrolyte, which could yield a discharge capacity of ~100 mAh/g.

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Priese, Florian, Dimitri Wiegel, Caterina Funaro, Giusi Mondelli, and Bertram Wolf. "Comparison of Mini-Tablets and Pellets as Multiparticulate Drug Delivery Systems for Controlled Drug Release." Coatings 13, no. 11 (November 3, 2023): 1891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13111891.

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Mini-tablets made into hard capsules or administered using special dosing units, as well as pellets in hard capsules or compressed into tablets, offer the advantages of multiparticulate drug delivery systems and are suitable for controlled drug release using polymer coatings. Four different kinds of solid drug preparations were manufactured and investigated concerning drug release. Inert pellets were coated with the model drug sodium benzoate and, in a second step, with the insoluble polymer ethylcellulose. The coated pellets were compressed into mini-tablets and into normal tablets. Another kind of mini-tablet was compressed from a sodium benzoate compression mixture and finally coated with ethylcellulose. The coating of the tablets was performed using fluidized bed technology. The sodium benzoate release plots of the coated pellets show a lag time and retarded release according first-order kinetics. The mini-tablets and normal tablets compressed from pellets release sodium benzoate according to first-order kinetics as well, but without the lag time due to distinct ethylcellulose layer destruction during tableting. The release is retarded with increasing ethylcellulose layer thickness on directly compressed mini-tablets. The different formulations of coated pellets, mini-tablets, and normal tablets offer a broad choice for variable drug release kinetics depending on the biopharmaceutical and pharmacological requirements.

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Sahu, Kriti, and De Udayan. "Preventing Firing-Induced Curvature of Thin Oxide Pellets - for Ion Irradiation Experiments." Material Science Research India 14, no. 2 (December 18, 2017): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/140203.

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To investigate radiation damage in bulk II-VI oxides with electronic and optical applications, 50 to 55 MeV Li ion beam from the Pelletron at IUAC, New Delhi, is suitable, and has been available. Maximum sample thickness that prevents undesirable ion implantation turns out, from TRIM calculation, to be ~ 200 µm for CdO & ZnO, and 400 to 450 µm for MgO. The need and difficulty of making such ultrathin ceramic samples (as desirable for radiation damage without implantation) are addressed first. Films, easily fulfilling the low thickness requirement, have properties different from the bulk, and are usually on a substrate to complicate the matter. Ultrathin un-fired pellets, in contrast to thick and sturdy pellets, become curved on conventional sintering. Curved pellets are useless for ion irradiation and most other experiments. Qualitative understanding of the curving, its prevention and test of these newly made ultrathin but flat ceramics for swift ion irradiation have been undertaken in this work.

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Ramming, Philipp, Nico Leupold, Konstantin Schötz, Anna Köhler, Ralf Moos, Helen Grüninger, and Fabian Panzer. "Suppressed ion migration in powder-based perovskite thick films using an ionic liquid." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 35 (2021): 11827–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc01554k.

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Here we add BMIMBF4 during the mechanochemical synthesis of MAPbI3. Based on detailed photoluminescence and electrical measurements, we demonstrate a passivation of defects in the powder pellets that also leads to a suppression of ion migration.

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30

Gotoh, Tamihiro. "Defect absorption in selenium films by photothermal deflection spectroscopy." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 89, no. 1 (January 2020): 10301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020190247.

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Sub-gap absorption spectra of selenium films are investigated by photothermal deflection spectroscopy. The selenium films are prepared by vacuum evaporation of selenium pellets. Raman spectroscopy reveals that as-deposited films are amorphous, and the films annealed at 100 °C are trigonal crystal. Photothermal deflection spectroscopy is extended to infrared light of 0.31 eV with maintaining high sensitivity, and detects weak absorption at energies below the band gap. Five absorption peaks and tail absorption are observed in selenium films, and the absorption peak energies are 1.32, 1.08, 0.47, 0.41 and 0.34 eV, respectively. These absorption tail and peaks are derived from selenium, and the origin of these absorptions is explained based on the oxygen impurity and the defect structure of the selenium film.

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Chen, Lu, Guobao Yang, Xiaoyang Chu, Chunhong Gao, Yuli Wang, Wei Gong, Zhiping Li, Yang Yang, Meiyan Yang, and Chunsheng Gao. "Polymer Distribution and Mechanism Conversion in Multiple Media of Phase-Separated Controlled-Release Film-Coating." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11020080.

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Phase-separated films of water-insoluble ethyl cellulose (EC) and water-soluble hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) can be utilized to tailor drug release from coated pellets. In the present study, the effects of HPC levels and the pH, type, ionic strength and osmolarity of the media on the release profiles of soluble metoprolol succinates from the EC/HPC-coated pellets were investigated, and the differences in drug-release kinetics in multiple media were further elucidated through the HPC leaching and swelling kinetics of the pellets, morphology (SEM) and water uptake of the free films and the interaction between the coating polymers and the media compositions. Interestingly, the drug release rate from the pellets in different media was not in agreement with the drug solubility which have a positive correlation with the drug dissolution rate based on Noyes–Whitney equation law. In particular, the drug release rate in acetate buffer at pH 4.5 was faster than that in other media despite the solubility of drug was relatively lower, regardless of the HPC levels. It may be attributed to the mutual effect between the EC and acetate buffer, which improved the permeability of the film. In contrast, the release of drug in HCl solution was dependent on the HPC levels. Increasing the levels of HPC increased the effects of hydrogen ions on the polymer of HPC, which resulted in a lower viscosity and strength of the gel, forming the larger size of pores in polymer films, thus increasing the drug diffused from the coating film. Further findings in phosphate buffer showed a reduction in the drug release compared to that in other media, which was only sensitive to the osmolarity rather than the HPC level and pH of the buffer. Additionally, a mathematical theory was used to better explain and understand the experimentally measured different drug release patterns. In summary, the study revealed that the effects of the media overcompensated that of the drug solubility to some extent for controlled-release of the coating polymers, and the drug release mechanism in multiple media depend on EC and HPC rather than on HPC alone, which may have a potential to facilitate the optimization of ideally film-coated formulations.

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32

IDA, T., H. SAEKI, H. HAMADA, and K. KIMURA. "THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF POLYCRYSTALS OF SOLID ELECTROLYTE ULTRAFINE PARTICLES." Surface Review and Letters 03, no. 01 (February 1996): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96000103.

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We have investigated the transport properties of polycrystals of solid electrolytes, CuBr(I) , CuCl(I) , and AgI, by compressing submicron particles prepared by the evaporation method. The pellets of asgrown CuBr and CuCl particles tend to be contaminated by Cu(II), which may cause charge transport by hole conduction. After the CuCl particles are treated with acetone, the pellet shows significant ionic conduction. The pellet of purified particles 0.4-μ m CuCl has a conductivity of 5×10−7Ω−1 cm −1 at 25° C , and activation energy for conduction of 0.44 eV. The 0.7-μ m AgI pellet also shows an enhanced conductivity of 5×10−5Ω−1 cm −1 at 25°C, and activation energies of 0.04 eV between 60 and 5° C , and 0.23 eV below −25°C.

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33

Lim, Joon Hoong. "Band Structure and Thermoelectric Properties of Ni_(x)Zn_(1-x)Fe₂O₄." Solid State Phenomena 317 (May 2021): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.317.28.

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Thermoelectric materials has made a great potential in sustainable energy industries, which enable the energy conversion from heat to electricity. The band structure and thermoelectric properties of Ni(x)Zn(1-x)Fe2O4 have been investigated. The bulk pellets were prepared from analytical grade ZnO, NiO and Fe2O3 powder using solid-state method. It was possible to obtain high thermoelectric properties of Ni(x)Zn(1-x)Fe2O4 by controlling the ratios of dopants and the sintering temperature. XRD analysis showed that the fabricated samples have a single phase formation of cubic spinel structure. The thermoelectric properties of Ni(x)Zn(1-x)Fe2O4 pellets improved with increasing Ni. The electrical conductivity of Ni(x)Zn(1-x)Fe2O4 pellets decreased with increasing Ni content. The electrical conductivity of Ni(x)Zn(1-x)Fe2O4 (x = 0.0) is (0.515 x10-3 Scm-1). The band structure shows that ZnxCu1-xFe2O4 is an indirect band gap material with the valence band maximum (VBM) at M and conduction band minimum (CBM) at A. The band gap of Ni(x)Zn(1-x)Fe2O4 increased with increasing Ni content. The increasing band gap correlated with the lower electrical conductivity. The thermal conductivity of Ni(x)Zn(1-x)Fe2O4 pellets decreased with increasing Ni content. The presence of Ni served to decrease thermal conductivity by 8 Wm-1K-1 over pure samples. The magnitude of the Seebeck coefficient for Ni(x)Zn(1-x)Fe2O4 pellets increased with increasing amounts of Ni. The figure of merit for Ni(x)Zn(1-x)Fe2O4 pellets and thin films was improved by increasing Ni due to its high Seebeck coefficient and low thermal conductivity.

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Kramar, A., S. Turk, and F. Vrečer. "Statistical optimisation of diclofenac sustained release pellets coated with polymethacrylic films." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 256, no. 1-2 (April 2003): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(03)00061-9.

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35

Fournier, P., R. Gagnon, and M. Aubin. "Formation of superconducting pellets and oriented films from Y2BaCuO5(green phase)." Journal of Applied Physics 67, no. 8 (April 15, 1990): 3776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345022.

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36

Sinha, Sucharita, E. Ramadasan, V. P. Jathar, K. Dasgupta, K. C. Sahoo, and L. M. Gantayet. "Laser etching of Thoria pellets for microstructural investigations." Applied Surface Science 253, no. 9 (February 2007): 4404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.09.055.

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37

Yilmaz, S., R. Gerhard-Multhaupt, W. A. Bonner, D. M. Hwang, A. Inam, J. A. Martinez, T. S. Ravi, et al. "Electro-optic potassium-tantalate-niobate films prepared by pulsed laser deposition from segmented pellets." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 5 (May 1994): 1272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.1272.

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Thin films of potassium tantalate niobate (KTN) were prepared by means of pulsed excimer-laser deposition and investigated with a number of analytical techniques, including electrical and electro-optical measurements. For applications in longitudinal electro-optic modulators, a transparent electrode is required between substrate and electro-optic layers. Suitable electrode materials, which at the same time permit epitaxial growth of KTN, were identified and prepared. The resulting layered samples were not only of good epitaxial and optical quality, but also exhibited the expected maximum of the longitudinal electro-optic effect at temperatures between the phase transitions from cubic to tetragonal and from tetragonal to orthorhombic. However, the maximum achievable electro-optic phase shift was found to be limited to roughly τ/100 for KTN films in the thickness range around 1 μm. Therefore, much thicker films are probably necessary for most practical applications, which requires significant improvements in the long-term stability and homogeneity of the deposition process.

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Russo, Pietro, Ilaria Papa, Vito Pagliarulo, and Valentina Lopresto. "Polypropylene/Basalt Fabric Laminates: Flexural Properties and Impact Damage Behavior." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051079.

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Recently, the growing interests into the environmental matter are driving the research interest to the development of new eco-sustainable composite materials toward the replacement of synthetic reinforcing fibers with natural ones and exploiting the intrinsic recyclability of thermoplastic resins even for uses in which thermosetting matrices are well consolidated (e.g., naval and aeronautical fields). In this work, polypropylene/basalt fabric composite samples were prepared by film stacking and compression molding procedures. They have been studied in terms of flexural and low-velocity impact behavior. The influence related to the matrix modification with a pre-optimized amount of maleic anhydride grafted PP as coupling agent was studied. The mechanical performances of the composite systems were compared with those of laminates consisting of the pure matrix and obtained by hot-pressing of PP pellets and PP films used in the stacking procedure. Results, on one side, demonstrated a slight reduction of both static and dynamic parameters at the break for specimens from superimposed films to ones prepared from PP pellets. Moreover, an outstanding improvement of mechanical performances was shown in the presence of basalt layers, especially for compatibilized samples.

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39

Vinokurov, Alexander A., Sergei S. Bubenov, Nikolay N. Kononov, Tatiana A. Kuznetsova, and Sergey G. Dorofeev. "Compaction of nanosilicon pellets and sol-deposited films via high-vacuum annealing." Mendeleev Communications 30, no. 4 (July 2020): 525–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2020.07.041.

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40

Liu, Congcong, Fengxing Jiang, Mingyu Huang, Ruirui Yue, Baoyang Lu, Jingkun Xu, and Guodong Liu. "Thermoelectric Performance of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxy-thiophene)/Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Pellets and Films." Journal of Electronic Materials 40, no. 5 (January 6, 2011): 648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-010-1494-8.

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41

Mousa, A. M., and J. P. Ponpon. "Growth of PbTe films by laser induced evaporation of pressed PbTe pellets." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 34, no. 1 (March 23, 2006): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap:2006029.

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42

Han, Min, Qin Yu, Xuerong Liu, Fuqiang Hu, and Hong Yuan. "Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Aqueous Dispersion for Enteric Coating of Pantoprazole Sodium Pellets." Acta Pharmaceutica 68, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2018-0035.

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Abstract The purpose of this work was to investigate a novel aqueous dispersion (Eudragit® L100-55) f or e nteric c oating o f drugs. Three different casting solutions, Eudragit® L100-55 aqueous dispersion, Eudragit® L 100-55 o rganic s olution, and Eudragit® L30D-55 aqueous dispersion, were used to prepare free films by the casting method. Drug-loaded pellets, prepared by the extrusion-spheronization method, were coated with one of these three coating solutions using the fluidized-bed spray coating technology. Properties of the free films were thoroughly investigated. Films formed by Eudragit® L100-55 aqueous dispersions showed similar properties to those formed by Eudragit® L100-55 organic solution regarding thermodynamic properties, moisture permeability, solubility and acid tolerance ability. Furthermore, the performance of the novel film was better than that formed by Eudragit® L30D-55 aqueous dispersion. Among the three enteric coating solutions, Eudragit® L100- 55 aqueous dispersion will be a promising aqueous dispersion for enteric coating and can be used in the development of enteric-coated preparations.

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43

He, Binlang, Shenglin Kang, Xuetong Zhao, Jiexin Zhang, Xilin Wang, Yang Yang, Lijun Yang, and Ruijin Liao. "Cold Sintering of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12/PEO Composite Solid Electrolytes." Molecules 27, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 6756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196756.

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Ceramic/polymer composite solid electrolytes integrate the high ionic conductivity of in ceramics and the flexibility of organic polymers. In practice, ceramic/polymer composite solid electrolytes are generally made into thin films rather than sintered into bulk due to processing temperature limitations. In this work, Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO)/polyethylene-oxide (PEO) electrolyte containing bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as the lithium salt was successfully fabricated into bulk pellets via the cold sintering process (CSP). Using CSP, above 80% dense composite electrolyte pellets were obtained, and a high Li-ion conductivity of 2.4 × 10−4 S cm–1 was achieved at room temperature. This work focuses on the conductivity contributions and microstructural development within the CSP process of composite solid electrolytes. Cold sintering provides an approach for bridging the gap in processing temperatures of ceramics and polymers, thereby enabling high-performance composites for electrochemical systems.

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44

Pandit, Ashlesha Pravin, and Rajendra Dattatray Shinde. "Development and in vitro evaluation of sustained release multiparticulate tablet of freely water soluble drug." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 46, no. 3 (September 2010): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502010000300009.

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Blends of aqueous dispersion of a hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer, namely Surelease®: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Surelease®: HPMC E15) were used as coating materials to control the drug release from coated pellets of the highly water soluble drug metoprolol succinate. Varying the polymer blends, ranges of drug release patterns were obtained at pH 6.8. The present study dealt with diffusion of drug through plasticized Surelease®/ hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E15) films prepared by coating of drug and polymers onto non-pareil seeds using the solution layering technique. The release of metoprolol succinate from coated pellets was decreased with increased coating load of polymer. The optimized formulation was obtained by 3² full factorial design. The release profile revealed that the optimized formulation follows zero order release kinetics. The stability data showed no interaction for storage at 25ºC and 60% relative humidity.

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VIDYALAL, V., K. RAJASREE, and C. P. G. VALLABHAN. "MEASUREMENTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING EFFECT USING HTSC MATERIALS." Modern Physics Letters B 10, no. 07 (March 20, 1996): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798499600033x.

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A simple experimental set-up is described to measure the electromagnetic shielding property of high Tc superconducting samples. Measurements were performed using HTSC materials in the form of laser ablated thin films, powders and sintered pellets. Samples used were Gd-123 in pure and doped form as well as a few Bi-based superconducting ceramics. For comparison, similar measurements were carried out on metals like aluminium, copper and μ metal. Very effective shielding was observed for HTSC materials compared to the conventional materials mentioned above. However it also depended on the sample types and poor shielding was observed for powdered HTSC material in comparison to thin films prepared by laser ablation.

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46

Kim, Soo-Kwan, Jun-Hyun Mo, Jae-Yeop Kim, and Kwang-Suk Jang. "Improving the thermoelectric power factor of PEDOT:PSS films by a simple two-step post-treatment method." e-Polymers 17, no. 6 (October 26, 2017): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2017-0098.

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AbstractThis study demonstrates a simple two-step post-treatment method for improving the thermoelectric power factor of low-cost poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films. The dry re-dispersible PEDOT:PSS pellets are cost-effective, however, they exhibit extremely low thermoelectric performance. On treating with ethylene glycol followed by hydrazine, the power factor of the PEDOT:PSS films increased from 0.0632±0.0097 μW m−1K−2 to 13.3±1.5 μW m−1K−2. The enhancement might be attributed to the effective removal of the free, non-complexed PSS chains and fine control of the oxidation level of PEDOT by the two-step post-treatment.

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47

Muslih, Ersan Y., Agus Ismail, and Kyoo Ho Kim. "Synthesis CuInSe2 (CISe) Thin Films Prepared from Metal-Ethanolamine Complex Compound." Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v2i2.8018.

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CuInSe2 (CISe) thin film was successfully fabricated from copper and indium salts with ethanolamine as precursors. All of these precursors were dissolved and formed complex compounds with ethanolamine simultaneously which deposited on soda lime glass by spin coating at 200 rpm, followed by heat treatment in the ambient atmosphere at 200oC for 120 minutes and finally selenization at 550oC using selenium pellets under Ar (95%) + H2 (5%) for 120 minutes to fabricate CISe thin film. Reaction mechanism, structure, morphology and chemical composition also reported in this work.

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48

Arab Pour Yazdi, M., P. Briois, S. Georges, A. L. Shaula, A. Cavaleiro, and A. Billard. "Comparison of Structural and Electrical Properties of Barium Zirconate Pellets and Thin Films." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 157, no. 11 (2010): B1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3482032.

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Arab Pour Yazdi, Mohammad, Pascal Briois, Samuel Georges, Aliaksandr Shaula, Albano Cavaleiro, and Alain Billard. "Comparison of Structural and Electrical Properties of Strontium Zirconate Pellets and Thin Films." ECS Transactions 25, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 1775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3205718.

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50

Barbier, B., C. Combettes, S. Guillemet-Fritsch, T. Chartier, F. Rossignol, A. Rumeau, T. Lebey, and E. Dutarde. "CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics from co-precipitation method: Dielectric properties of pellets and thick films." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 29, no. 4 (March 2009): 731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.07.042.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pellets and films'

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