Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pellet fusion

Academic literature on the topic 'Pellet fusion'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pellet fusion"

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Kasotakis, G., L. Cicchitelli, H. Hora, and R. J. Stening. "Volume ignition in pellet fusion." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 278, no. 1 (May 1989): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(89)91143-1.

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Yuan, Shaohua, Nizar Naitlho, Roman Samulyak, Bernard Pégourié, Eric Nardon, Eric Hollmann, Paul Parks, and Michael Lehnen. "Lagrangian particle simulation of hydrogen pellets and SPI into runaway electron beam in ITER." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 10 (October 2022): 103903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0110388.

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Numerical studies of the ablation of pellets and shattered pellet injection (SPI) fragments into a runaway electron beam in ITER have been performed using a time-dependent pellet ablation code [Samulyak et al., Nucl. Fusion, 61(4), 046007 (2021)]. The code resolves detailed ablation physics near pellet fragments and large-scale expansion of ablated clouds. The study of a single-fragment ablation quantifies the influence of various factors, in particular, the impact ionization by runaway electrons and cross-field transport models, on the dynamics of ablated plasma and its penetration into the runaway beam. Simulations of SPI performed using different numbers of pellet fragments study the formation and evolution of the ablation clouds and their large-scale dynamics in ITER. The penetration depth of the ablation clouds is found to be of the order of 50 cm.
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Wang, Zhehui, M. A. Hoffbauer, E. M. Hollmann, Z. Sun, Y. M. Wang, N. W. Eidietis, Jiansheng Hu, R. Maingi, J. E. Menard, and X. Q. Xu. "Hollow pellet injection for magnetic fusion." Nuclear Fusion 59, no. 8 (June 27, 2019): 086024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab19eb.

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Beller, Denis E., John M. Jacobson, George H. Miley, Maria Petra, and Yasser Shaban. "Parametric design study of a nuclear-pumped laser-driven inertial confinement fusion power plant." Laser and Particle Beams 11, no. 3 (September 1993): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460000519x.

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In an earlier preliminary design study, we proposed a novel nuclear-pumped laser-driven (NPL) inertial confinement fusion (ICF) power reactor that represents an important variation on the “neutron feedback” concept for ICF. This NPL-driven ICF concept also included an advanced, DT-seeded, D3He-fueled pellet and magnetic protection of the first wall of the reactor chamber. Advantages that were demonstrated for this approach included increased efficiency for laser-to-target energy coupling, increased efficiency for thermalto-electric energy conversion, and reduced neutron activation and waste. The coupling efficiency is enhanced because a nuclear-pumped flashlamp is directly pumped by fission fragments from uranium micropellets within the lamp medium. The thermal conversion efficiency is greater because a large fraction of the ICF pellet&s fusion yield is in charged Finally, the fraction of the fusion yield carried by neutrons is significantly reduced in comparison with pure D-T-fueled pellets; thus, neutron-induced activity in the first wall is decreased and safety is increased. The initial study indicated these factors could result in a required driver energy of 5 MJ (vice 10 MJ currently projected) and a pellet gain of only 50 (vice 100 currently projected) for a feasible l,000-MWe power reactor operating with approximately six pellets per second. The current study includes a refined analysis of an NPL-driven ICF power reactor of this type. A cylindrical design for the fission/NPL blanket is selected as a “natural” geometry for pumping the NPL. Required enrichments and criticalities are then predicted for the multiplication of the fusion neutron yield needed to pump the NPL. Based upon these results, we report a more detailed parametric study of the efficiencies for converting neutron, X-ray, and plasma yields from advanced ICF pellets into electrical and optical energy flows required in this concept. We also examined breeding tritium in a lithium blanket layer. Results from these studies help define topics and parameter spaces for further research on this unique reactor concept.
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Mori, Y., K. Ishii, R. Hanayama, S. Okihara, Y. Kitagawa, Y. Nishimura, O. Komeda, et al. "Ten hertz bead pellet injection and laser engagement." Nuclear Fusion 62, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 036028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac3d69.

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Abstract A laser inertial fusion energy (IFE) reactor requires repetitive injection of fuel pellets and laser engagement to fuse fusion fuel beyond a few Hz. We demonstrate 10 Hz free-fall bead pellet injection and laser engagement with γ-ray generation. Deuterated polystyrene beads with a diameter of 1 mm were engaged by counter illuminating ultra-intense laser pulses with an intensity of 5 × 1017 W cm−2 at 10 Hz. The spatial distribution of free-fall beads was 0.86 mm in the horizontal direction and 0.18 mm in the vertical direction. The system operated for more than 5 min and 3500 beads were supplied with achieved frequencies of 2.1 Hz for illumination on the beads and 0.7 Hz for γ-ray generation; these frequencies were three times greater than with the previous 1 Hz injection system. The duration of operation was limited by the pellet supply. This injection and engagement system could be used for laser IFE research platforms.
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Yoshida, H., K. Katakami, Y. Sakagami, H. Azechi, H. Nakarai, and S. Nakai. "Magnetic suspension of a pellet for inertial confinement fusion." Laser and Particle Beams 11, no. 2 (June 1993): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600005048.

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In inertial confinement fusion experiments, the symmetrical implosion calls for a new scheme: a nonsupported pellet. In this article, the first experiment is conducted using a plastic pellet covered with thin ferromagnetic material. In the system, the digital-phase-lead-compensator takes the position-related signal and processes it to provide a driving signal for the magnetic suspender. The suspended pellet is irradiated by the Gekko XII laser, having its total energy 2700 J with pulse width 800 ps at the wavelength 0.53 μm. The X-ray pinhole photograph confirms the spherically symmetrical implosion at the pellet core. At irradiation, the neutron yield is also observed.
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Nakai, S. "Pellet and implosion scaling." Laser and Particle Beams 7, no. 4 (November 1989): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600006182.

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Recent progress of pellet implosion research is remarkable in the obtainment of a high density (100 times solid density) and a high temperature plasma (which produces thermonuclear neutrons of 1013 per shot or a pellet gain of 0·2%) and in the corresponding understanding of the implosion physics. The data bases for laser fusion have been accumulated in preparation for a fusion ignition experiment and the achievement of break-even condition, which is estimated to be possible with 100 kJ blue laser.The recent progress of driver technology, such as new types of solid state lasers, excimer laser, light ion beam (LIB), heavy ion beam (HIB) and free electron laser, now enabled us to design a high pellet gain experiment with a MJ driver.
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Nakashima, H., M. Shinohara, Y. Wakuta, T. Honda, Y. Nakao, and H. Takabe. "Numerical simulation of implosion and burn of D–T ignitor/D3He fuel pellet for D3He inertial confinement fusion reactor." Laser and Particle Beams 11, no. 1 (March 1993): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600006996.

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A parameter study of implosion, burn, and gain of D–T ignitor/D3He fuel pellets is presented for a D3He inertial confinement fusion reactor. It is found from burn simulation that attaining a quasi-isobaric state with a temperature of 4 keV and pR value of 2.5 g/cm2 for the D–T ignitor and 0.8 keV and 9.5 g/cm2 for the D3He main fuel would suffice to obtain a pellet gain of ∼40–50 required for the D3He reactor. With 30-MJ laser irradiation and the coupling efficiency of 10%, the density of the target is assumed to be imploded to 5,000 times the liquid density. However, in the implosion simulation to realize the above configuration it is found that after void closure the central hot D–T ignitor region is ignited, while the bulk of the D3He main fuel is still imploding with high velocities. This preignition of the D–T ignitor leads to a low compression of the main fuel and prevents the D–T/D3He pellet from obtaining the required pellet gain. The pellet gain obtained is only ∼3.
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Kawata, Shigeo. "Inhomogeneous mixing of D and T fuels in inertial confinement fusion." Laser and Particle Beams 13, no. 3 (September 1995): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600009514.

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Numerical analyses show that a 40% mixing inhomogeneity of the deuterium (D) and tritium (T) concentrations in a DT pellet still gives a sufficient fusion energy output in DT inertial confinement fusion (ICF), as long as the D and T total amounts are equal. This new result means that fusion energy output is rather insensitive to the inhomogeneous fuel mixing in the DT ICF pellet.
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MAHDAVI, M., and B. JALALY. "EFFECTS OF DEUTERIUM–LITHIUM FUSION REACTION ON INTERNAL TRITIUM BREEDING." International Journal of Modern Physics E 19, no. 11 (November 2010): 2123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301310016545.

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The optimal usage of designed fuel pellets is one of the very important parameters in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) systems. In this research, time-dependent dynamical equations for D/D fuel are written by considering impurity of 6 Li . Then dependency of gain on temperature, density and pellet radius is studied using Runge–Kutta method. The obtained results show that the energy gain will be maximized at the initial temperature 35 keV, density, 5000 g/cm3 and ratio impurity of 6 Li , 0.05.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pellet fusion"

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Kloe, Joost de. "Pellet-plasma interaction in a tokamak /." [S.l. : s.n], 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37725261x.

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Evans, Peter J., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Laser plasma interaction for application to fusion energy." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Evans_P.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/293.

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This thesis presents an investigation into inertial confinement fusion through mathematical models and computer simulations. Salient features affecting fusion are identified, in both energy absorption and fusion gains. Mathematical tools are applied to a directed investigation into plasma structure. Parameters such as these involved in electromagnetic energy absorption are identified first, and the next step is to model the immediate response of the plasma to this energy input, with a view to how this may be advantageous to initiating fusion. Models are developed that best suit plasma behaviour. The parameters are presented graphically against time and distance into a small plasma fuel pellet. It is noted how field density and ions form undulations through the plasma. Types of plasma fuels are discussed with regards to their key parameters. Computations are performed using the laser driven inertial energy option based on volume ignition with the natural adiabatic self-similarity compression and expansion hydrodynamics. The relative merits of each fuel are discussed against the parameters of density, volume and energy input versus fusion gains.
Master of Science (Hons)
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Zambrano, Adolfo Pillihuaman. "Auto-redução e fusão redução de pelotas auto-redutoras de cromita." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-01122009-155652/.

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Neste trabalho estudou-se a evolução da redução da pelota auto-redutora de cromita contendo coque de petróleo, ferro-silício, cal hidratada, sílica e cimento Portland ARI (alta Resistência Inicial), para a obtenção da liga ferro-cromo alto carbono (FeCrAC). As principais variáveis estudadas foram: influência das adições de Fe-75%Si em sinergismo com coque de petróleo, adição de fluxantes, temperatura e tempo de redução. Além disso, foram realizadas experiências para confirmação dos resultados de auto-redução num forno rotativo de laboratório. Inicialmente os materiais (cromita, ferro-silício, coque de petróleo, cal dolomitica, sílica e cimento Portland ARI), foram caracterizados por análise química e análise granulométrica. Após a caracterização, os materiais, foram aglomerados na forma de pelotas (P1, P2, P3, P4 e P5), com adições de 0, 1, 2 e 4% Fe-75%Si, e adições de 2% Fe-75%Si e de fluxantes (3,83% cal dolomitica e 2,88% sílica), respectivamente. A redução das pelotas foi feita num forno de indução podendo atingir temperaturas de até 1973K (1700oC). Os ensaios experimentais foram realizados nas temperaturas de 1773K (1500°C), 1823K (1550oC) e 1873K (1600oC), utilizando-se cadinhos de grafite. Após os ensaios de redução os produtos obtidos (escória e metal) foram analisados por microscopia ótica, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e por análise de espectro de dispersão de energia (EDS). O processo de redução nas pelotas 1, 2, 3 e 4 segue os seguintes fenômenos i) via intermediários gasosos (CO/cromita) formam-se glóbulos metálicos nucleados na superfície das partículas de cromita, inicialmente rico em ferro; ii) estes crescem, pela redução na superfície da cromita deixando óxidos refratários na periferia da partícula de cromita original; iii) uma escoria incipiente se forma com os componentes da pelota (aglomerantes inorgânicos, cinza do redutor e fluxantes) e com a dissolução da ganga das partículas pequenas reduzidas da cromita; iv) a escória incipiente dissolve parte refratária da superfície da cromita, liberando a fase metálica e a escória vai se tornando cada vez mais refratária; v) o nódulo metálico segue crescendo e enriquecendo-se de cromo, reduzindo os óxidos de cromo e eventualmente de ferro dissolvido na escória incipiente; vi) o coalescimento da fase metálica é favorecido pela formação de escória e dissolução da ganga refrataria da cromita. O processo de redução da pelota 5 pela presença de fluxantes forma uma quantidade maior de escória inicial e apresenta os seguintes fenômenos: i) as reações indireta e direta reduzem as partículas finas de cromita, com formação de nódulos metálicos e fase escória nos primeiros instantes de redução; ii) os nódulos metálicos são formados pela redução das partículas finas de cromita. As partículas grandes sofrem pequena redução superficial e são encobertas pela escória, permanecendo dispersas na mesma; iii) a formação de escória encobrindo a cromita prejudica a redução gasosa aumentando o tempo de redução da mesma, porem facilita o coalescimento da fase metálica; iv) o nódulo metálico segue crescendo e enriquecendo-se de cromo, reduzindo aos poucos as partículas grandes de cromita. Existe regeneração do gás redutor (Boudouard) que pode ser diretamente com C do redutor ou com C dissolvido na fase metálica. A auto-redução carbotérmica das pelotas de cromita, na faixa de temperatura 1773K (1500oC) a 1873K (1600°C), sofre grande influência da temperatura, seja com ou sem adição de Fe-75%Si. O aumento da temperatura de 1773K (1500°C) para 1873K (1600°C) diminui o tempo para atingir redução completa conforme segue: i) 8 vezes para pelota sem Fe-75%Si; ii) 4 vezes para pelota com 1% de Fe-75%Si; e iii) 3 vezes para pelota com 2% de Fe-75%Si. Há um efeito significativo de adições de Fe-75%Si em pelotas auto-redutoras de cromita no tempo para atingir redução completa. O teor benéfico destas adições foi de 2%, contribuindo com aproximadamente 9% de calor necessário para redução completa, para as temperaturas ensaiadas de 1873K (1600ºC), 1823K (1550ºC) e 1773K (1500ºC). A evolução da redução é altamente sensível (diminui) com adição de fluxantes formadores de escória com temperatura líquidus abaixo de 1773K (1500ºC). A evolução da redução pela reação indireta (CO/cromita) é notavelmente mais rápida que a redução pela reação direta (C/cromita e C dissolvido na fase metálica/óxido de cromo na escória). A redução gasosa atuante nos primeiros estágios de redução, vai sendo prejudicada à medida que aumenta a quantidade de escória. As pelotas (1, 2, 3 e 4) sem adição de fluxantes (sílica e cal dolomítica), após reduzidas, são altamente porosas e têm pequena formação de fase escória se comparar com aquelas com adição de fluxantes com formação maior de fase escória (pelota 5). A pelota 3 com 2% de Fe-75%Si apresentou melhores resultados em relação ao tempo de redução. A pelota com adição de 4% Fe-75%Si (pelota 4), não apresentou diminuição do tempo de redução, devido a uma maior formação de escória que prejudica a reação indireta (mais rápida). As evidências micrográficas, auxiliadas por análises por EDS, mostraram que as reduções das partículas de cromita, foram praticamente completas quando as frações de reação se aproximam da unidade, confirmando a confiabilidade da metodologia utilizada. A redução da pelota auto-redutora, independente da sua composição, acontece de forma não isotérmica apesar de ser ensaiada numa temperatura isotérmica, apresentando-se um gradiente de temperatura entre a superfície e o centro da pelota, ao longo do tempo, mas esta desaparece conforme a reação progride tornando-se uniforme ao final da reação; evidenciando que a transferência de calor é a etapa lenta do processo devido: às reações de redução serem bastante endotérmicas; ao tamanho das pelotas; às altas temperaturas; e por ser um material poroso e refratário. A resistência a compressão das pelotas (1, 2, 3, 4 e 5) após 28 dias de cura e antes de serem reduzidas foi de ~4 kgf/pelota, porém tornou-se bastante alta após reduzidas (150 a 400 kgf/pelota); tornando-as aptas para carga em reatores de fusão. Estes resultados foram confirmados com ensaios no forno rotativo de laboratório, utilizando-se a pelota 2 (2% de Fe-75%Si), evidenciando: i) que as reduções de Cr e Fe foram praticamente completas (fração média de reação de 0,99) em 30 minutos de ensaio a 1500ºC; ii) a coalescência das partículas metálicas, obtidas por redução depende da capacidade da escória de dissolver os óxidos remanescentes na partícula de cromita reduzida; iii) há formação de fase incipiente de escória não-continua, aos 5 minutos de ensaio, pela parte da ganga do minério de cromita com os componentes de aglomerantes e/ou fluxantes; iv) a recuperação do teor metálico é alto (99%), em 30 minutos de ensaio, a 1500º C. Os resultados mostram um grande potencial do processo de auto-redução na produção de ferro-cromo alto carbono (FeCrAC).
The evolution of reduction of the self-reducing pellets of chromite for obtaining ferro-chromium high carbon (FeCrHC) was analyzed. The influences of Fe-75%Si additions, addition of fluxing agents, temperature and time of reduction were studied. The materials (chromite, ferro-silicon, petroleum coke, dolomite lime, silica and cement Portland), were characterized by chemical and particle size analysis. After characterization, the materials were agglomerated in the form of pellets (P1, P2, P3 and P4), with additions of 0, 1, 2 and 4% Fe-75%Si, respectively, and P5 with additions of 2% Fe-75%Si and fluxing agents (3.83% dolomite lime and 2.88% silica). The reduction of pellets was made using induction furnace with capability to reach temperatures up to 1973K (1700ºC). The experiments were performed at temperatures of 1773K (1500ºC), 1823K (1550ºC) and 1873K (1600ºC), using graphite crucibles. After the reduction the products (slag and metal) were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (MEV) and energy dispersion spectrum analysis (EDS). The reduction process in pellets 1, 2, 3 and 4 followed phenomena as: i) gaseous reduction (CO/chromite) produces metallic globules on the surface of chromite particles, initially rich in iron; ii) these globules grow continuing the reduction at the periphery of chromite particles, leaving refractory oxides at this area of the original chromite particle; iii) an incipient slag is formed with the components of the pellet (inorganic binders, ash of reducer and fluxing agents) and with the dissolution of gangue from small particles of the reduced chromite; iv) the incipient slag dissolves refractory oxides remaining at the periphery of the chromite particles, liberating the metallic phase and the slag becomes more refractory; v) the metallic phase grows and becomes richer in chromium by reducing chromium oxides and eventually of iron dissolved in the incipient slag; vi) the coalescence of the metallic phase is favored by the slag formation and dissolution of refractory gangue of the chromite. The reduction process of pellet 5 follows as: i) indirect and direct reactions reduce fine particles of chromite, with formation of metallic nodules and slag phase at the beginning of reduction; ii) the metallic nodules are formed by the reduction of fine particles of chromite. Large chromite particles are reduced at the peripherical surfaces and are embebeded by the slag and remain dispersed in it; iii) the slag formed is harmful for the gaseous reduction and the time for completing the reduction is increased, but facilitates the coalescence of the metallic phase; iv) the metallic nodule follows growing and becomes richer in chromium. The carbothermic self-reduction pellets of the chromite at the temperature range of 1773K (1500ºC)-1873K (1600ºC), presents great influence of the temperature, either, with or without addition of Fe-75%Si. The increase of the temperature from 1773K (1500ºC) to 1873K (1600ºC) decreases the time for completing the reduction as: i) 8 times for pellet without Fe-75%Si; ii) 4 times for pellet with 1% of Fe-75%Si; and iii) 3 times for pellet with 2% of Fe-75%Si. A significant effect of additions of Fe-75%Si in self-reducing pellets of chromite in the reduction time was observed. The best addition was with 2% and its contribution was approximately 9% of necessary heat for complete the reduction, for the temperatures of 1873K (1600ºC), 1823K (1550ºC) and 1773K (1500ºC). The evolution of reduction is highly sensitive (it decreases) with addition of fluxing agents which form the slag with liquidus temperature below 1500ºC. The evolution of reduction for the indirect reaction (CO/chromites) is remarkably faster than that of the reduction by the direct reaction (C/chromite and C dissolved in the metallic phase/chromium oxide in the slag). At the beginning the gaseous reduction is predominant but it becomes less important with formation of larger amount of slag. The pellets (1, 2, 3 and 4) without addition of fluxing agents (silica and dolomite lime), after reduced, are highly porous and have small formation of slag phase than pellet 5 with addition of fluxing agents. Pellet 3 with 2% of Fe-75%Si presented the best results with relation to time for completing the reduction of chromite. The pellet with addition of 4% Fe-75%Si (pellet 4) did not present advantage with relation to that of 2% addition due to larger volume of slag formation. The micrograph analysis showed that the reductions of chromite particles practically were complete when the reaction fractions approach to the unit, confirming the confidence of the methodology used for determining the reaction fraction. The reduction of the self-reducing pellet, regardless its composition, happens by not isothermal way although it is submitted at isothermal temperature. The temperature gradient between surface and the core of the pellet is larger at the beginning but it disappears as the reaction progresses, becoming uniform with time. The heat transfer showed to be the slowest step of the process due to, the endothermic reactions of reduction, the size of the pellets, the high temperatures and porous nature and refractory material. The compression strength of the pellets (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5), after 28 days of curing, before of the reduction was ~4kgf/pellet but it increased up to 150 - 400 kgf/pellet; which are acceptable for charging the melting furnace for metal/slag separation. These results were confirmed by using laboratory rotating furnace, with pellet 2 (2% of Fe-75%Si), as: i) the reductions of Cr and Fe were practically complete (fraction of reaction 0,99) after 30 minutes of experiment at 1500ºC; ii) the coalescence of metallic particles, depends the capability of the slag to dissolve remaining oxides in the reduced chromite particle; iii) incipient not-continuous slag phase forms, at 5 minutes of experiment, from the gangue of the chromite and from the components of binders and/or fluxing agents; iv) the yield of metallic recovery is high (99%), after 30 minutes of experiment at1500º C. The results show that the self-reduction process presents a great potential for the ferro-chromium high carbon production (FeCrHC).
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Routier, Hélène. "D’une esthétique métakitsch sur la scène contemporaine : évolution de la notion de kitsch et son usage au second degré dans des mises en scène d’opérettes de Jacques Offenbach au XXIe siècle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA005.

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Le spectacle vivant actuel fait la part belle à des représentations légères, divertissantes, qui jouent avec le mauvais goût et intègrent la culture de masse. Il se dégage alors de certaines mises en scène, à la valeur artistique pourtant indéniable, une tonalité qui amène à les qualifier de kitsch. Or, selon Hermann Broch, le kitsch est “l’anti-art” par excellence. Cette contradiction tient au fait que, lorsque le kitsch est envisagé à distance, comme l'ont démontré Susan Sontag et Guy Scarpetta, à un second degré, il peut accéder à l’art. Pour qualifier de kitsch une représentation sans que cela renvoie à un jugement de valeur dépréciatif et afin de comprendre les modalités de ce renversement, il faut au préalable identifier le kitsch. En s’appuyant sur les définitions de cette notion par des penseurs comme Walter Benjamin ou Clement Greenberg et sur les descriptions des propriétés du kitsch par Abraham Moles et Christophe Genin, cette thèse s'arrête, notamment, sur le rôle du processus autoréflexif de la métathéâtralité. Celle-ci permet en effet au kitsch, en se dénonçant comme tel, de devenir un outil scénique qui produit une esthétique que nous appelons métakitsch. Dans l’objectif de saisir concrètement les enjeux, les effets et les limites de cette esthétique, l’opérette s'est avérée le genre théâtral le plus propice. Aussi la deuxième partie de cette étude est-elle centrée, d’une part sur quatre œuvres de Jacques Offenbach par un même metteur en scène, Laurent Pelly, de l’autre sur l’analyse comparative de quatre représentations de La Belle Hélène d’Offenbach par des metteurs en scène différents. Il en ressort que l’utilisation du kitsch, qui offre une grande liberté aux metteurs en scène, engendre des spectacles souvent ironiques, voire caustiques, hybrides, éclectiques et ludiques. L’utilisation du kitsch, de l'anti-art dans l'art, semble répondre aux besoins de renouveau du public
Modern live shows tend to be light and fun affairs which integrate with bad taste and popular culture. Some stagings, which possess an undeniable artistic value, have emerged with a tone that one could call kitsch. According to Hermann Broch, kitsch is the "anti-art". This contradiction arises because, as Susan Sontag and Guy Scarpetta have demonstrated, when kitsch is considered at a distance, with irony, it can be considered art. To call a show kitsch in a non-pejorative manner, and in order to understand the manner of this reversal, one must first define kitsch. Based on the definitions of this notion by thinkers like Walter Benjamin and Clement Greenberg and the descriptions of the properties of kitsch by Abraham Moles and Christophe Genin, this dissertation will notably end with the role of the self-reflexive process of metatheatre. This allows kitsch, in identifying it as such, to become a tool for the stage that produces an aesthetic that we call metakitsch. In terms of concretely defining the stakes, the effects and the limits of this aesthetic, the operetta has proved to be the most suitable theatrical genre. The second part of this study is centered, on the one hand, on four works by Jacques Offenbach presented by the same director, Laurent Pelly, and on the other, on a comparative analysis of four representations of La Belle Helene by Offenbach, presented by different directors. It will emerge that the use of kitsch, which offers a great deal of freedom to directors, produces spectacles that are often ironic, even caustic, hybrid, eclectic and playful. The use of kitsch, of anti-art in art, seems to meet the public's need for something new
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Andraschko, Mark Robert. "Twin screw extrusion and viscous dissipation for the pellet fueling of fusion reactors." 2007. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/86108215.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2007.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-77).
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Evans, Peter J. "Laser plasma interaction for application to fusion energy." Thesis, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/293.

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This thesis presents an investigation into inertial confinement fusion through mathematical models and computer simulations. Salient features affecting fusion are identified, in both energy absorption and fusion gains. Mathematical tools are applied to a directed investigation into plasma structure. Parameters such as these involved in electromagnetic energy absorption are identified first, and the next step is to model the immediate response of the plasma to this energy input, with a view to how this may be advantageous to initiating fusion. Models are developed that best suit plasma behaviour. The parameters are presented graphically against time and distance into a small plasma fuel pellet. It is noted how field density and ions form undulations through the plasma. Types of plasma fuels are discussed with regards to their key parameters. Computations are performed using the laser driven inertial energy option based on volume ignition with the natural adiabatic self-similarity compression and expansion hydrodynamics. The relative merits of each fuel are discussed against the parameters of density, volume and energy input versus fusion gains.
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Ribeiro, Pedro Emanuel Abreu. "Aglomeração de cinzas numa caldeira a pellets : influência da temperatura e do fluxo de ar." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/22600.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica
O mercado de equipamentos de queima de pellets residenciais está já bastante desenvolvido em alguns países da Europa como Alemanha, Áustria e Itália. Em Portugal, encontra-se ainda numa fase embrionária, tendo-se verificado um forte crescimento da procura nos últimos tempos. A produção de pellets tem também crescido, sendo essencialmente para exportação. A sua queima, devido à existência de elementos químicos como, por exemplo, Na, K e Si, pode dar origem a cinzas aglomeradas na grelha do queimador, que levantam problemas ao seu bom funcionamento. O presente trabalho teve como objectivo o estudo da influência da temperatura e dos fluxos de ar na aglomeração de cinzas no leito. Para este fim, efectuou-se a montagem de uma instalação experimental constituída genericamente por: i) Caldeira, cujo queimador permite a regulação dos caudais de ar primário e secundário; ii) Sistema de extracção de gases de caudal variável; iii) Sistema de alimentação controlável; iv) Sistema de dissipação de calor; v) Sistema de aquisição de dados e controlo; vi) Sistema de análise de gases. A investigação experimental incluiu ainda a monitorização da emissão de poluentes (nomeadamente CO e NOx), a avaliação da eficiência da combustão (pelo teor de CO nos gases de exaustão) e o cálculo do rendimento global do equipamento através do método das entradas e saídas. Os resultados apontam para um aumento da formação de cinzas aglomeradas com o aumento de temperatura. Para além disso, estes apontam também para a influência do excesso de ar e da fracção de ar primário na formação, e para a existência de um ponto óptimo para elevados excesso de ar e fracções de ar primário em torno dos 30%. Por outro lado, estes demonstram também a existência de outros factores que influenciam a aglomeração de cinzas, provavelmente relacionados com a alteração da proporção entre elementos químicos devido à vaporização dos mais voláteis.
The market for residential pellet burning equipments is well developed in some European countries like Germany, Austria and Italy. In Portugal, it’s still in an early state, although it has experienced a strong growth in demand over the last years. The pellet production has also grown, mostly for exportation. Due to the existence of chemical elements such as Na, K and Si, the pellet combustion can lead to agglomerated ashes on the grate of the burner causing problems for its proper operation. The present work aimed to study the influence of temperature and air flows in the ash agglomeration at the grate. For this purpose, it was assembled an experimental setup that in a brief description consists of: i) boiler, whose burner allows the regulation of the primary and secondary air flow, ii) variable flow exhaust gases extraction system, iii) controllable feeding system, iv) heat dissipation system, v) data acquisition and control system, vi) exhaust gases analysis system. The experimental research has also included the monitoring the emission of pollutants (CO and NOx), evaluation of the efficiency of combustion (by the CO content in the exhaust gases) and calculation of the overall efficiency of the equipment through the inputs and outputs method. The results indicate an increased formation of agglomerated ash with increasing of temperature. In addition, they also suggest the influence of excess air and primary air fraction in that formation, and the existence of an optimum working condition for high excess air and a primary air fraction of around 30%. Moreover, they also show that there are other factors that influence the ash agglomeration, probably related to the changing of the chemical elements ratio due to vaporization of the more volatile species.
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Wu, Shitou. "Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) in Geosciences: Further Improvement for Elemental Analysis." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3EF8-1.

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Books on the topic "Pellet fusion"

1

United States. Dept. of Energy. Inertial Fusion Division. Status of target physics for inertial confinement fusion: Report on the review at DOE Headquarters, Germantown, MD, on Nov. 15-17, 1988. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Defense Programs, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Military Application, Office of Weapons Research, Development, and Testing, Inertial Fusion Division, 1990.

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Lindl, John D. Inertial confinement fusion: The quest for ignition and energy gain using indirect drive. [Peshawar, Pakistan]: AIP Press, 1998.

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An introduction to inertial confinement fusion. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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Agency, International Atomic Energy, ed. Energy from inertial fusion. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1995.

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Jürgen, Meyer-ter-Vehn, ed. The physics of inertial fusion: Beam plasma interaction, hydrodynamics, hot dense matter. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2004.

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Emilio, Panarella, and Symposium on Current Trends in International Fusion Research: Review and Assessment (1st : 1994 : Washington, D.C.), eds. Current trends in international fusion research. New York: Plenum Press, 1997.

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A, Hammel B., ed. Inertial fusion sciences and applications 2003: State of the art 2003. La Grange Park, Ill: American Nuclear Society, 2004.

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Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics (45th 1994 University of St. Andrews). Laser plasma interactions 5: Inertial confinement fusion : proceedings of the Forty Fifth Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics, St. Andrews, August 1994. Bristol: Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics & Institute of Physics Pub., 1995.

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M, André, Powell Howard T, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Centre d'études Limeil-Valenton, eds. First Annual International Conference on Solid State Lasers for Application to Inertial Confinement Fusion, 31 May-2 June 1995, Monterey, California. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE--the International Society of Optical Engineering, 1995.

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M, André, and France. Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, eds. Second Annual International Conference on Solid State Lasers for Application to Inertial Confinement Fusion, 22-25 October, 1996, Paris, France. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pellet fusion"

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ANDELFINGER, C. "DEVICE FOR VARYING PELLET SIZE IN A CENTRIFUGE PELLET INJECTOR." In Fusion Technology 1986, 1349–53. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-8376-0.50185-6.

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Kohlhaas, W., H. Beckers, H. Bousack, K. H. Finken, H. Meier, and H. Wegener. "PROPELLANT-GAS HANDLING AND PELLET DIAGNOSTICS OF THE TEXTOR PELLET INJECTOR SYSTEM." In Fusion Technology 1990, 762–66. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88508-1.50137-7.

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SØRENSEN, H., P. ENGBæK, A. NORDSKOV, B. SASS, P. VILLORESI, and K.-V. WEISBERG. "A MULTISHOT PELLET INJECTOR DESIGN." In Fusion Technology 1988, 704–8. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-87369-9.50111-6.

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COMBS, S. K., C. A. FOSTER, S. L. MILORA, D. D. SCHURESKO, M. J. GOUGE, P. W. FISHER, B. E. ARGO, et al. "PELLET INJECTOR RESEARCH AT ORNL." In Fusion Technology 1988, 709–14. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-87369-9.50112-8.

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Gouge, M. J., B. E. Argo, L. R. Baylor, S. K. Combs, D. T. Fehling, P. W. Fisher, C. A. Foster, et al. "PELLET INJECTOR DEVELOPMENT AT ORNL." In Fusion Technology 1990, 675–79. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88508-1.50119-5.

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FOSTER, C. A., W. A. HOULBERG, M. J. GOUGE, M. J. GRAPPERHAUS, S. L. MILORA, H. DRAWIN, A. GERAUD, M. CHATELIER, and G. GROS. "ORNL CENTRIFUGE PELLET FUELING SYSTEM." In Fusion Technology 1992, 496–99. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89995-8.50092-8.

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MILORA, S. L., B. E. ARGO, L. R. BAYLOR, M. J. COLE, S. K. COMBS, G. R. DYER, D. T. FEHLING, et al. "PELLET INJECTOR DEVELOPMENT AT ORNL." In Fusion Technology 1992, 579–83. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89995-8.50109-0.

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COMBS, S. K., S. L. MILORA, C. A. FOSTER, D. D. SCHURESKO, C. R. FOUST, D. W. SIMMONS, and D. S. BEARD. "PELLET FUELING DEVELOPMENT AT ORNL." In Fusion Technology 1986, 355–60. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-8376-0.50035-8.

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Sudo, S., T. Baba, M. Kanno, H. Zushi, F. Sano, K. Kondo, T. Mizuuchi, et al. "PELLET INJECTION EXPERIMENTS ON HELIOTRON E AND DEVELOPMENTS OF HIGH SPEED PELLET INJECTOR." In Fusion Technology 1992, 656–60. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89995-8.50125-9.

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Sorensen, H., J. E. Hansen, H. Kossek, P. Michelsen, B. Sass, J. Thorsen, and K.-V. Weisberg. "A MULTISHOT PELLET INJECTOR FEASIBILITY STUDY." In Fusion Technology 1990, 622–26. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88508-1.50108-0.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pellet fusion"

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Baylor, L. R., S. K. Combs, T. C. Jernigan, W. A. Houlberg, S. Maruyama, L. W. Owens, P. B. Parks, and D. A. Rasmussen. "Pellet Fueling of ITER Burning Plasmas." In 21st IEEE/NPS Symposium on Fusion Engineering SOFE 05. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fusion.2005.252924.

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Sakagami, Y., H. Yoshida, T. Mizutani, S. Miyagawa, M. Sekimura, and K. Yasufuku. "A nonsupported pellet for laser fusion scheme." In Laser interaction and related plasma phenomena: 12th international conference. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.50369.

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Baylor, L. R., S. K. Combs, R. C. Duckworth, M. S. Lyttle, S. J. Meitner, D. A. Rasmussen, and S. Maruyama. "Pellet injection technology and applications on ITER." In 2015 IEEE 26th Symposium on Fusion Engineering (SOFE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sofe.2015.7482362.

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Gebhart, T. E., R. T. Holladay, M. J. Esmond, and A. L. Winfrey. "The effect of pellet volume and aspect ratio on fuel pellet exit velocities in a capillary discharge mass accelerator." In 2013 IEEE 25th Symposium on Fusion Engineering (SOFE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sofe.2013.6635502.

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Combs, S. K., L. R. Baylor, C. R. Foust, J. M. McGill, J. B. O. Caughman, D. T. Fehling, M. J. Hansink, T. C. Jernigan, and D. A. Rasmussen. "Pellet Dropper Device for ELM Control on DIII-D*." In 2007 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fusion.2007.4337861.

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Frattolillo, A., F. Bombarda, S. Migliori, M. Capobianchi, G. Ronci, L. R. Baylor, S. K. Combs, et al. "Development of the high speed pellet injector for ignitor." In 2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering - SOFE. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fusion.2009.5226406.

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Frattolillo, A., D. Fehling, J. McGill, L. R. Baylor, S. L. Milora, G. Roveta, F. Bombarda, et al. "Advances on the high speed ignitor Pellet Injector (IPI)." In 2011 IEEE 24th Symposium on Fusion Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sofe.2011.6052237.

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McCarthy, K., S. Combs, L. Baylor, J. O. Caughman, D. Fehling, C. Foust, J. McGill, et al. "A Compact Flexible Pellet Injector for the TJ-II stellarator." In 21st IEEE/NPS Symposium on Fusion Engineering SOFE 05. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fusion.2005.252922.

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Meitner, S. J., L. R. Baylor, S. K. Combs, D. T. Fehling, J. M. McGill, D. A. Rasmussen, and J. W. Leachman. "Twin-screw extruder development for the ITER pellet injection system." In 2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering - SOFE. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fusion.2009.5226408.

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Combs, S. K., S. J. Meitner, L. R. Baylor, J. B. O. Caughman, N. Commaux, D. T. Fehling, C. R. Foust, et al. "Massive pellet and rupture disk testing for disruption mitigation applications." In 2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering - SOFE. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fusion.2009.5226512.

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Reports on the topic "Pellet fusion"

1

Batha, S. H., R. V. Budny, D. S. Darrow, F. M. Levinton, M. H. Redi, and et al. Neoclassical Simulations of Fusion Alpha Particles in Pellet Charge Exchange Experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/3749.

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Kim, K. Application of railgun principle to high-velocity hydrogen pellet injection for magnetic fusion reactor refueling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5926893.

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Kim, Kyekyoon. Application of railgun principle to high-velocity hydrogen pellet injection for magnetic fusion reactor refueling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7252348.

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Kim, K., and J. Zhang. Application of railgun principle to high-velocity hydrogen pellet injection for magnetic fusion reactor fueling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6932881.

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Kim, K., and J. Zhang. Application of railgun principle to high-velocity hydrogen pellet injection for magnetic fusion reactor fueling. Progress report, August 16, 1991--September 30, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104133.

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Kim, Kyekyoon, and Jianhua Zhang. Application of railgun principle to high-velocity hydrogen pellet injection for magnetic fusion reactor fueling. Progress report, October 1, 1992--September 30, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10108749.

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Kim, K. Application of railgun principle to high-velocity hydrogen pellet injection for magnetic fusion reactor refueling. Technical progress report, [July 16, 1990--August 16, 1991]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10110264.

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Choe, W. H., and K. Kim. Variational analysis of railgun plasma-arc-armature for acceleration of solid hydrogen pellets for fusion reactor refueling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6313133.

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