Journal articles on the topic 'Pelage characteristics'
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1
Pruitt, Jr., William O., and Hubert Pepper. "«Pepper's patches» on Rangifer pelage." Rangifer 6, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.6.2.650.
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We describe and give frequencies of occurrence of a rarely-mentioned pattern of spots in Rangifer pelage. We also show that the pattern was well-known to Palaeolithic humans who recorded it in their cave art. We also discuss some of the symbolic possibilities resulting from the recognition by Palaeolithic humans of the biological characteristics of the pattern in Rangifer.
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Weil, Zachary M., Michelle Gatien Hotchkiss, and Randy J. Nelson. "Photoperiod alters pain responsiveness via changes in pelage characteristics." Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, no. 10 (October 2008): 1212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-098.
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Small mammals use day length to adjust morphology and physiology to anticipate seasonal changes in environmental conditions. The canonical photoperiod-mediated annual adaptation is seasonal breeding. However, increasing evidence suggests that day-length information can induce plasticity in the nervous system, and thus provoke behavioral plasticity that can aid in winter survival. We hypothesized that low temperatures and reduced food availability in the winter would necessitate the evolution of increased pain tolerance mediated by short day lengths. Siberian hamsters ( Phodopus sungorus (Pallas, 1773)) housed in short days regressed their reproductive tracts and molted to winter pelage. Short-day hamsters also displayed elevated latencies of nociceptive responses in the hot-plate test, suggesting reduced pain responsivity. Prior to assessing potential neuronal or neuroendocrine mediators of altered pain responses, however, we investigated the possibility that changes in fur characteristics mediated photoperiod differences in pain responsivity. Removal of fur with a depilatory cream eliminated photoperiod differences in pain responsivity. Taken together, these data indicate that day length regulates thermal pain responses via changes in fur properties; also, changes in pelage properties have both thermoregulatory and thermal insulatory properties.
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Paul, Matthew J., Nicole T. George, Irving Zucker, and Matthew P. Butler. "Photoperiodic and hormonal influences on fur density and regrowth in two hamster species." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293, no. 6 (December 2007): R2363—R2369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00520.2007.
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Temperate and boreal mammals undergo seasonal changes in pelage that facilitate thermoregulation in winter and summer. We investigated photoperiodic influences on pelage characteristics of male Siberian and Syrian hamsters. Fur density (mg fur/cm2 skin) was measured by weighing the shavings of fur patches removed from the dorsal and ventral surfaces of hamsters maintained in long days (LDs) or transferred to short days (SDs). Patches were reshaved 3 wk later to assess fur regrowth (mg regrown fur/cm2 skin). Fur density was greater in SD than in LD Siberian hamsters after 11 wk of differential phototreatment. The onset of increased fur density in SDs was accompanied by a transient increase in fur regrowth (11–14 wk on the dorsal surface and 7–10 and 11–14 wk on the ventral surface), suggestive of a seasonal molting process. Fur density, body mass, and pelage color of Siberian hamsters returned to values characteristic of LD males after a similar duration of prolonged (>27 wk) SD treatment and appear to be regulated by a similar or common interval-timing mechanism. In Syrian hamsters, dorsal fur density, fur regrowth, and hair lengths were greater in SD than in LD males. Castration increased and testosterone (T) treatment decreased dorsal and ventral fur regrowth in LD and SD hamsters, but the effects of T manipulations on fur density were limited to a decrease in dorsal fur density after T treatment. Decreased circulating T in SDs likely contributes to the seasonal molt of male hamsters by increasing the rate of fur growth during the transition to the winter pelage.
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Chernova, O. F., and I. V. Kirillova. "Hair microstructure of the Late Quaternary bison from north-east Russia." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 317, no. 2 (June 25, 2013): 202–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2013.317.2.202.
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For the first time the hair microstructure of two individuals of the bison Bison priscus found at the North East of Russia (the basins of Tirekhtyakh River in Yakutia and Rauchua River in Chukotka) have been studied using SEM in comparison with the hair structure of the recent representatives of genus Bison. The high thermo-insulating and hard-wearing characteristics of pelage and of different categories of the hair – guard hairs and wooly hairs – were revealed. The hair microstructure of ancient bison is similar to those of recent bison B. bison and aurochs B. bonasus but its pelage is more differentiated and thick.
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Garbino, Guilherme S. T., Carla Cristina de Aquino, and Raone Beltrão-mendes. "Marcgrave's red-tailed monkey: the earliest European depiction of a titi monkey." Archives of Natural History 48, no. 1 (April 2021): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2021.0692.
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Among the approximately 40 species of mammals described in Historia naturalis Brasiliae by Willem Piso and Georg Marcgrave, the identity of the monkey “cagui major” has been one of the most controversial. Authors have identified Marcgrave's “cagui major” as a tamarin, a saki monkey, a squirrel monkey, a titi monkey and even as an Old-World monkey. Based on a watercolour, probably related to the original illustration that served as basis for the “cagui major” woodcut, we confirm that it depicts a titi monkey ( Callicebus). By comparing the pelage characteristics shown in the drawing and some measurements and pelage characteristics described in Historia naturalis Brasiliae, we confirm that the species depicted was Callicebus melanochir that occurs today in southern Bahia and northeastern Minas Gerais states, outside the range of the Dutch possessions in Brazil.
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Gigliotti, L. C., D. R. Diefenbach, and M. J. Sheriff. "Geographic variation in winter adaptations of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 95, no. 8 (August 2017): 539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0165.
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Understanding adaptations of nonhibernating northern endotherms to cope with extreme cold is important because climate-induced changes in winter temperatures and snow cover are predicted to impact these species the most. We compared winter pelage characteristics and heat production of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777) on the southern edge of their range, in Pennsylvania (USA), to a northern population, in the Yukon (Canada), to investigate how hares might respond to changing environmental conditions. We also investigated how hares in Pennsylvania altered movement rates and resting spot selection to cope with variable winter temperatures. Hares from Pennsylvania had shorter, less dense, and less white winter coats than their northern counterparts, suggesting lower coat insulation. Hares in the southern population had lower pelage temperatures, indicating that they produced less heat than those in the northern population. In addition, hares in Pennsylvania did not select for resting spots that offered thermal advantages, but selected locations offering visual obstruction from predators. Movement rates were associated with ambient temperature, with the smallest movements occurring at the lower and upper range of observed ambient temperatures. Our results indicate that snowshoe hares may be able to adapt to future climate conditions via changes in pelage characteristics, metabolism, and behavior.
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Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Petter H. Kvadsheim, Marina V. Kholodova, Vladimir E. Sokolov, Edward B. Messelt, and Nicholas J. C. Tyler. "Superb winter fur insulation in the small Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus)." Rangifer 35, no. 1 (October 27, 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.35.1.3575.
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We compared the morphology and thermal characteristics of winter pelage from two Siberian musk deer Moschus moschiferus (aged 5 and 41 mo.; 5.7 and 9.5 kg) and two Eurasian reindeer Rangifer tarandus tarandus (aged >48 mo.; 73 and 79 kg). The depth of the fur over the back of musk deer was less (approximately 30 mm) than in reindeer (approximately 40 mm). Guard hairs of musk deer were longer (mean = 50.0 mm) and had greater diameter at half-length (mean = 314.4 μm) than those of reindeer (mean = 38.6mm and = 243.9 μm, respectively). The thermal characteristics (thermal conductivity and resistance) of the winter pelage of the two species were nevertheless similar (0.057 W·m-1·K-1 and 0.79 K·m2·W-1; and 0.037 W·m-1 ·K-1 and 1.00 K·m2·W-1, respectively) despite a tenfold difference in their body mass.
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Beckman, J., and A. Lill. "morphometric variation associated with teat-number differences in Antechinus agilis and A. swainsonii ? Observations from the Otway Ranges, Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 29, no. 2 (2007): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am07022.
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That there is intraspecific variation in teat-number in Antechinus agilis (agile antechinus) and A. swainsonii (dusky antechinus) has been known for a long time. Our aim was to determine whether other key morphometric traits differed among individuals with different numbers of teats. External body dimensions and pelage characteristics were measured on live individuals and compared. Within-species variation in some external body dimensions (tail, pes, and snout-vent length) coincided with teat-number differentiation in both antechinus species in the Otway Ranges, Victoria. Disparities in pelage colour and markings were apparent between A. agilis 6- and 10-teat phenotypes, but were not obvious among A. swainsonii teat phenotypes. Although small sample sizes obviated statistical analysis, we tentatively concluded that female A. agilis with 7, 8, or 9 teats in the Otway Ranges probably displayed morphometric and pelage characteristics intermediate between those of 6- and 10-teat individuals. A comparison of morphometric traits among 6-teat A. agilis from different geographic areas (Otways, Portland and Wilsons Promontory) also revealed some variation. This result was consistent with an expectation of clinal variation in external morphology among antechinus. Overall, this study indicates that localized disparities that are associated with teat-number, as well as clinal differences occurring over large geographic distances, contribute to intraspecific variation in external morphology in antechinus.
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Morel, M. C. G. Davies, S. D. McBride, R. S. Chiam, A. McKay, and E. Ely. "Seasonal variations in physiological and behavioural parameters in a bachelor group of stallion ponies (Equus caballus)." Animal Science 82, no. 5 (October 2006): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc200669.
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AbstractAnimals living in temperate climates are continually adapting to seasonal demands of reproduction and survival. Whilst it is well documented that ruminants show seasonal changes in both reproductive and non-reproductive physiological and behavioural characteristics (reduction of metabolic rate and appetite during the winter with respective increases during spring and summer), this information has not been fully established in the non-ruminating ungulate species of Equidae. This may be important information from a practical management perspective since groups of equids are increasingly being kept in natural conditions for the purposes of conservation grazing.The aim of this study, therefore, was to document the behavioural and physiological adaptive changes made by ponies during a 12-month period and to relate these to changes in forage availability and environment. Five mature pony stallions were kept in west Wales (4°5′W, 52°25′N) and monitored for 12 months. A range of physiological (testis size, body weight, condition score (CS), hoof growth, moult (M), pelage fibre length, depth and density) and behavioural measurements (foraging and non-foraging activities) were recorded along with monthly forage analysis (crude protein (CP), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC)), dry matter (DM)) and environmental conditions (day length and minimum ambient temperature). All physiological measurements were significantly (P<0·001 to P<0·05, r2=0·16 to 0·69) related to day length and all except testis size, body weight and M were significantly related to minimum temperature, CS (P<0·001; r2=0·583), hoof growth (P<0·001; r2=0·457), pelage fibre length (P<0·001; r2=0·61), pelage fibre depth (P<0·001; r2=0·489) and pelage density (P<0·05; r2=0·192). Fewer significant relationships were observed in relation to forage characteristics; significances only obtained between CP and CS (P<0·001; r2=0·854), fibre length (P<0·01; r2=0·625) and pelage fibre depth (P<0·01; r2=0·624); between DM and CS (P<0·05; r2=0·352) and pelage fibre depth (P<0·05; r2=0·343); between WSC and pelage fibre depth (P<0·01; r2=0·55) and pelage fibre depth (P<0·05; r2=0·34). Behaviour results showed a significant relationship between time spent alert and day-length (P<0·05; r2=0·35) and between minimum ambient temperature and time spent eating (P<0·05; r2=0·37), locomotory behaviour (P<0·01; r2=0·53) and passive interaction (P=0·001; r2=0·63). A significant relationship was also reported between eating and CP (P<0·01; r2=0·53) as well as DM (P=0·01; r2=0·43). The ponies in this study demonstrated a series of adaptive changes during winter concomitant with energy conservation, however, forage availability and intake also decreased indicating lower energy input. Despite energy conserving adaptations it is unlikely that nutrient intake was adequate to account for the limited winter decline in CS and weight. In conclusion, it was considered that: (a) ponies demonstrated physiological and behavioural adaptation in response to environmental demands, (b) during winter ponies demonstrated behaviours indicative of a cost benefit analysis of expending energy in the pursuit of poor quality forage, (c) despite energy conserving adaptations, intake is unlikely to have been adequate to maintain the CS observed, and (d) reduction in metabolic rate and increased food conversion efficiency may be additional adaptations made during times of environmental challenge.
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SALINAS, MARÍA L. SANDOVAL, JOSÉ D. SANDOVAL, and ELISA M. COLOMBO. "Objective measurement of Akodon budini dorsal coloration: methodological concerns." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 88, suppl 1 (April 29, 2016): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150004.
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ABSTRACT The role of color in taxonomic and systematic studies of several taxa is central. Color data are more valuable if they permit comparisons. We aimed to provide pelage objective color measurements of a series of Akodon budini and to use those color data to test and to quantitatively analyze the influence of both the lighting source and the measuring point, in the determination of pelage color of museum skins. We used a spectroradiometer to measure the pelage color at five points over the dorsal midline of 54 Akodon budini museum skins. PCAs and ANOVAs were conducted over the color data. The characteristics of the studied series also allowed us to include and assess the potential effects of some main sources of intra-specific variation. Determinations of fur color strongly depend on the lighting source, and therefore it is essential that lighting conditions are controlled during color measurements and then made explicit when communicating the color characterization of particular taxonomic units. Furthermore, color determinations strongly depend on the measuring point, even on the same body area, and therefore it is critical that the color characterization of a taxon includes the variation between different points of the different body parts of the studied specimens.
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Raj Dahal, Dibya, Sanjan Thapa, Rameshower Ghimire, Gabor Csorba, and Nanda Bahadur Singh. "First records of the Hairy-winged bat (Harpiocephalus harpia) from Nepal." Barbastella 15, no. 1 (2022): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14709/barbj.15.1.2022.05.
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Harpiocephalus is a monospecific genus including only the species Harpiocephalus harpia and is reported only from ten countries in Southeast Asia. H. harpia has been reported in several habitats but has a relatively patchy distribution, and its population monitoring and ecological studies are scarce or absent in many regions. During chiropteran surveys in 2016 and 2021, three individuals of the large Tubenosed bats (subfamily Murininae) were caught in Central and Eastern Nepal. Based on the following external morphological characteristics, the bats were distinguished from Murina spp. and identified as H. harpia: larger body, hairy and short muzzle, heavily haired feet and interfemoral membrane, long reddish hairs in dorsal pelage, white-tipped hairs over the head and neck; and whitish to greyish ventral pelage. These specimens represent the country’s first records of H. harpia and represent a remarkable extension of the specie range as it is approximately 400 km westward from its previously known distribution area.
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PARK, Yeong-Gwan, Shizu HAYASAKA, Yoshiko TAKAGISHI, Minoru INOUYE, Masaaki OKUMOTO, and Sen-ichi ODA. "Histological Characteristics of the Pelage Skin of Rough fur Mice(C3H/HeJ-ruf/ruf)." Experimental Animals 50, no. 2 (2001): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1538/expanim.50.179.
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Olesen, Carsten Riis, and Henning Thing. "Guide to field classification by sex and age of the muskox." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 1116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-159.
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Reliable data on sex–age class composition of muskox (Ovibos moschatus) herds are necessary prerequisites to any successful management initiative. The classification requires some training to be exact; this paper presents a photographic record and description of field characteristics of a total of eight different sex–age classes, thus enabling the observer to perform a correct herd segregation. Differentiation of muskoxen relies primarily on horn development and secondarily on body and pelage.
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Daniels, M. J., D. Balharry, D. Hirst, A. C. Kitchener, and R. J. Aspinall. "Morphological and pelage characteristics of wild living cats in Scotland: implications for defining the 'wildcat'." Journal of Zoology 244, no. 2 (February 1998): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00028.x.
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Daniels, M. J., D. Balharry, D. Hirst, A. C. Kitchener, and R. J. Aspinall. "Morphological and pelage characteristics of wild living cats in Scotland: implications for defining the ‘wildcat’." Journal of Zoology 244, no. 2 (February 1998): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952836998002088.
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Caro, T. M., and S. M. Durant. "Use of Quantitative Analyses of Pelage Characteristics to Reveal Family Resemblances in Genetically Monomorphic Cheetahs." Journal of Heredity 82, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/82.1.8.
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Maurel, Daniel, Christian Coutant, Line Boissin-Agasse, and Jean Boissin. "Seasonal moulting patterns in three fur bearing mammals: the European badger (Meles meles L.), the red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.), and the mink (Mustela vison). A morphological and histological study." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 1757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-265.
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Seasonal changes in the fur of three species of mammals at the adult stage, the European badger, the red fox, and the mink, were studied in the field. The badger had only one seasonal change of pelage during the summer and the fall (from July to December), and there was no seasonal variation of hair density. The fox moulted in the spring (between the end of April and the end of August) and again in the fall, but the fall change consisted only in the regrowth of a new fine undercoat that combined with the summer fur to form a denser winter coat. In the mink, the spring and fall moults were very distinct and gave rise to characteristic summer and winter coats that differed in density and number of fine hairs per surface unit. The histological study revealed a similarity in skin composition among the three species, but the relative importance of the different components (sebaceous glands, adipose tissue, keratine layer) varied with each species' way of life. Seasonal follicular activity was correlated with seasonal regrowth of the pelage; the active anagen phase was very long (badger, 5 months; fox, 4 months; mink, 2 months in the spring and 3 months in the fall). During the other part of the annual cycle, telogen, the hair follicles were in a resting phase. Differences in the annual moulting processes between the three species are discussed in terms of adaptive characteristics.[Journal translation]
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Geissmann, Thomas, Colin P. Groves, and Christian Roos. "The Tenasserim Lutung, Trachypithecus barbei (Blyth, 1847) (Primates: Cercopithecidae): Description of a live specimen, and a reassessment of phylogenetic affinities, taxonomic history, and distribution." Contributions to Zoology 73, no. 4 (2004): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07304003.
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The Tenasserim lutung Trachypithecus barbei was previously known from museum specimens and field observations only. We discovered a zoo specimen and present the first confirmed evidence for the continued existence of the species since 1967. We describe the cranial pelage and coloration characteristics of this species which were previously unknown. We present first molecular evidence for recognizing T. barbei as a distinct species and for assessing its phylogenetic affinities relative to other members of the genus Trachypithecus. We document the taxonomic history of T. barbei and present a distribution map based on a compilation of all known locality records.
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LIU, SHAOYING, MINGKUN TANG, ROBERT W. MURPHY, YINXUN LIU, XUMING WANG, TAO WAN, RUI LIAO, et al. "A new species of Tamiops (Rodentia, Sciuridae) from Sichuan, China." Zootaxa 5116, no. 3 (March 21, 2022): 301–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5116.3.1.
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During a small mammal survey in Wanglang National Natural Reserve, Sichuan, China in August–October 2018, we collected four specimens of an Asiatic striped squirrel (genus Tamiops) that could not be assigned morphologically to any described species. Phylogenetic analyses of CYTB and nuDNA sequences strongly supported them in the genus Tamiops. The p-distances of CYTB between these individuals and other species of Tamiops ranged from 17.4 to 19.1%. Morphologically, they differed from their congeners, including T. maritimus, T. mcclellandii, T. rodolphii, and T. swinhoei by pelage, skull, and baculum characteristics. Based on the results of morphological comparisons and molecular analyses, we describe the four specimens as the new species Tamiops minshanica sp. nov.
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Aluko, F. A. "Qualitative characteristics of Thryonomys swinderianus swinderianus and Thryonomys swinderianus gregorianus." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 41, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v41i1.2732.
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Cane rat, a micro livestock currently being domesticated has the potential to increase animal protein sources. This study examined the qualitative characteristics of Thyryonomys swinderianus swinderianus (Tss) and Thryonomys swinderianus gregorianus (Tsg). Three hundred and thirty five cane rats were sampled. Seven qualitative characters were coded. These included: Shape of Head (SH), Eye Placement (EP), Ear Shape (ES), Body Pelage (BP), Tail Shape (TS), Tail Colour (TC), Breed (B). The qualitative characters were scored on the individual animals. This measures were analysed using frequency distribution and chi-square analysis. In the Tss population, 89.23% of the animals had broad heads, 10.77% had narrow heads. The broad heads animals had broad tip ear (89.236) have brown and yellow - belly white body colour (89.23%). Their tail is broad base and thin out to tip (87.69%) although a few (1.54%) had broad base and even out to tip. All the broad heads (89.23%) brown and yellow-belly white animals (100.00%) had black and hairy tail. In the Tsg population, 87.06% of the animals had narrow heads, (12,94%) had broad heads. The narrow heads animal (86.67%) had ear with broad tip and have black and yellow-belly white body colour (86.67%). The tail is broad base and thin out is tip (80.39%). All the narrow heads (87.06), black and yellow-belly white (99.61%) animals had black and hairy tail
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Guilhon, Gabby Neves, Caryne Braga, and João Alves De Oliveira. "Pelage variation and reproduction in the gray short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)." Journal of Mammalogy 100, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 1364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz080.
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Abstract Marsupials have short gestation periods, with altricial neonates completing their development attached to a teat, a condition that induces remarkable structural changes in the inguinal region of reproductive females. In this study, we analyzed the morphological variation in the inguinal region of female museum specimens of Monodelphis domestica in search for external traits reminiscent of their reproductive condition when collected. We examined 427 taxidermied skins of wild females from northeastern Brazil and classified their inguinal region by color, density of fur, shape, and the presence of spots and teats. We determined relative age based on tooth eruption and wear, to infer the chronological order of inguinal changes. These conditions were computed for each age class and for each month over 4 years for samples from two mesoregions in northeastern Brazil, identified from climatic characteristics. Four distinct morphological patterns recognized in the inguinal region of females were associated with the following reproductive conditions: 1) non-lactating: general shape of the pelvic region indistinct from the rest of body (straight), inguinal region lacking teats, same fur density and color (grayish) as the rest of the body; 2) pre-lactating: pelvic and inguinal regions similar to non-lactating, but yellowish fur and presence of small teats; 3) early-lactating: inguinal region with well-developed teats, fur yellowish (rarely whitish) and less dense, and form of the pelvic region rounded; and 4) late or post-lactating: inguinal region with well-developed teats and dark orange and less dense fur, pelvic region rounded. Lactating females were only recorded from age class 4 on. We also found indications that pelage changes in the inguinal region do not revert after reproduction in the wild. Monthly frequencies of the different conditions recorded for lactating females corroborate previous studies that suggested that M. domestica breeds all year long in northeastern Brazil. Marsupiais caracterizam-se por apresentar um curto período de gestação, com neonatos altriciais completando seu desenvolvimento ligados à teta, uma condição que induz mudanças estruturais marcantes na região inguinal de fêmeas reprodutivas. No presente estudo analisamos a variação morfológica da região inguinal de fêmeas taxidermizadas de Monodelphis domestica, buscando traços reminiscentes de suas condições reprodutivas quando coletadas. Examinamos 427 peles taxidermizadas de fêmeas silvestres obtidas no Nordeste do Brasil, e classificamos a região inguinal pela cor, densidade de pelos, presença de manchas e tetas, e forma da região pélvica. Determinamos a idade relativa com base na erupção e no desgaste dentário, para inferir a ordem cronológica das mudanças inguinais. Essas condições foram registradas para cada idade e por cada mês ao longo de 4 anos para amostras de duas mesorregiões no Nordeste do Brasil, identificadas com base em características climáticas. Quatro padrões morfológicos distintos reconhecidos na região inguinal das fêmeas foram associadas às seguintes condições reprodutivas: 1) não-lactante: forma geral da região pélvica indistinta do resto do corpo (retas), região inguinal sem tetas e mesma cor e densidade da pelagem (cinza) que o resto do corpo; 2) pré-lactante: regiões inguinal e pélvica similares às do padrão não-lactante, mas pelagem amarelada e presença de tetas pequenas; 3) lactante inicial: região inguinal com tetas bem desenvolvidas, pelagem inguinal amarelada (raramente branca) e menos densa, forma da região pélvica arredondada; 4) lactante tardia ou pós-lactante: região inguinal com tetas bem desenvolvidas, pelagem laranja escura e menos densa, região pélvica arredondada. Fêmeas lactantes foram observadas apenas da classe de idade 4 em diante. Encontramos evidências de que a mudança da pelagem na região inguinal não é revertida depois da reprodução na natureza. Frequências mensais das diferentes condições reprodutivas das fêmeas observadas corroboram estudos prévios que sugerem que M. domestica pode se reproduzir ao longo de todo o ano no Nordeste do Brasil.
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Pleštilová, Lucie, Jan Okrouhlík, Hynek Burda, Hana Sehadová, Eva M. Valesky, and Radim Šumbera. "Functional histology of the skin in the subterranean African giant mole-rat: thermal windows are determined solely by pelage characteristics." PeerJ 8 (April 8, 2020): e8883. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8883.
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Excavation of burrows is an extremely physically demanding activity producing a large amount of metabolic heat. Dissipation of its surplus is crucial to avoid the risk of overheating, but in subterranean mammals it is complicated due to the absence of notable body extremities and high humidity in their burrows. IR-thermography in a previous study on two species of African mole-rats revealed that body heat was dissipated mainly through the ventral body part, which is notably less furred. Here, we analyzed the dorsal and ventral skin morphology, to test if dermal characteristics could contribute to higher heat dissipation through the ventral body part. The thickness of the epidermis and dermis and the presence, extent and connectivity of fat tissue in the dermis were examined using routine histological methods, while vascular density was evaluated using fluorescent dye and confocal microscopy in the giant mole-rat Fukomys mechowii. As in other hitherto studied subterranean mammals, no subcutaneous adipose tissue was found. All examined skin characteristics were very similar for both dorsal and ventral regions: relative content of adipose tissue in the dermis (14.4 ± 3.7% dorsally and 11.0 ± 4.0% ventrally), connectivity of dermal fat (98.5 ± 2.8% and 95.5 ± 6.8%), vascular density (26.5 ± 3.3% and 22.7 ± 2.3%). Absence of large differences in measured characteristics between particular body regions indicates that the thermal windows are determined mainly by the pelage characteristics.
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LI, SONG, and JUNXING YANG. "Geographic variation of the Andersons Niviventer (Niviventer andersoni) (Thomas, 1911) (Rodentia: Muridae) of two new subspecies in China verified with cranial morphometric variables and pelage characteristics." Zootaxa 2196, no. 1 (August 13, 2009): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2196.1.4.
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A total of 66 specimens of Niviventer andersoni with intact skulls was investigated on pelage characteristics and cranial morphometric variables. The data were subjected to principal component analyses as well as to discriminant analyses, and measurement overlap was studied as compared with the coefficient of difference. The results indicate that three subspecies of N. andersoni can be recognized in China, including N. a. andersoni broadly distributed from northwestern Yunnan, Sichuan, northward to southern Shaanxi, and eastward to Hubei, N. a. pianmaensis subsp. nov. in western Yunnan, and N. a. ailaoshanensis subsp. nov. in Mt. Ailaoshan, central Yunnan province. Our study for the first time validates its subspecies differentiation that is most likely related to intra-specific geographic variation. In addition, a taxonomic revision of Niviventer andersoni in China is described.
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Geise, Lena, and Diego Astúa. "Distribution extension and sympatric occurrence of Gracilinanus agilis and G. microtarsus (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae), with cytogenetic notes." Biota Neotropica 9, no. 4 (December 2009): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032009000400030.
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Gracilinanus microtarsus, from the Atlantic Forest and G. agilis, widespread in central Brazil in the Cerrado and in the northeastern Caatinga are two small Neotropical arboreal opossum species not frequently recorded in simpatry. Here we report eight G. agilis specimens from three localities and 17 G. microtarsus, from 10 localities, all in Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Bahia states. Species proper identification followed diagnostic characters as appearance of dorsum pelage, ocular-mark, ears and tail lengths and size proportion of the posteromedial vacuities in cranium. Chromosomes in metaphases of five specimens were obtained for both species. Our records extend the previous known geographical distribution of G. microtarsus to Chapada Diamantina, in Bahia State and report the occurrence of both species in simpatry. G. microtarsus, in coastal area, was captured in dense ombrophilous and in semideciduous forests, in deciduous seasonal forest and Cerradão in Chapada Diamantina. G. agilis was recorded in gallery forests of Cerrado and very green and dense bush formation of Caatinga. Autosomal complement showed the same diploid and autosomal number already described for both species (2n = 14, NA = 24). Measurements are according to those given in literature and pelage characteristics were useful for the correct species identification. Here we report both G. agilis, described to be endemic to the Cerrado/Caatinga, in opposite to G. microtarsus, considered to be endemic to Atlantic Forest occurring in simpatry in two localities of the Cerrado. Such results indicates that long term trapping effort are necessary to a better definition of species taxonomy, distribution patterns along time and comprehensive understanding how anthropic environmental changes can be interfering in their evolutionary history.
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Gardner, J. L., and M. Serena. "Observations on Activity Patterns, Population and Den Characteristics of The Water Rat Hydromys chrysogaster Along Badger Creek, Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 18, no. 1 (1995): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am95071.
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The Water Rat Hydromys chrysogaster is Australia's largest amphibious rodent, occupying freshwater rivers, lakes, and coastal and estuarine habitats throughout the continent (Watts and Aslin 1981). Little is known of the species' social organisation or use of space in the wild although Harris (1978) suggested that adults might be intrasexually aggressive. The home ranges of all sex and age classes overlap to some extent but home ranges of adults of the same sex appear to overlap less (Harris 1978). Adult males occupy the largest home ranges which overlap those of one or more females. In captivity individuals kept in groups form hierarchies in which only the dominant females usually breed successfully (Olsen 1982). Fighting occurs primarily among males, with the highest incidence of injuries observed at the beginning of the main September-March breeding season (Olsen 1980, 1982). The results of trapping studies indicate that population density may vary considerably, with the greatest numbers of animals typically occupying man-modified habitats such as irrigation channels or fish farms (McNally 1960, Watts and Aslin 1981, Smales 1984). Aggressive behaviour appears to be related to pelage colour (phenotype) and population density; the higher the density the greater the number of injured individuals (Olsen 1980).
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Zeballos P., Horacio, Eduardo Palma R., Pablo A. Marquet, and Gerardo Ceballos González. "PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF Calomys sorellus COMPLEX (RODENTIA: CRICETIDAE), WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES." Revista Mexicana de Mastozoología (Nueva Epoca) 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ie.20074484e.2014.4.1.188.
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ABSTRACTWe reviewed the phylogenetic relationships of forms assigned to Calomys sorellus based on the Cytochrome b gene sequences and morphological comparisons. We present the first description of the evolutionary relationships within the C. sorellus species complex. The results show a clade with species from lowlands of Eastern of Andes and other clade with Andean species which contains: C. musculinus, C. sorellus and C. lepidus which would be species complex. One of the new species occurs in the Atiquipa Lomas in the coastal desert of southern Peru, and other on the occidental slope of southern Peru in Arequipa and Moquegua. These new species are based upon considering their phenotypic characteristics (size, coloration, pelage), geographic distribution, and molecular phylogeny. Key words: New species, rodent, Sigmodontinae, biodiversity, Peru. RESUMENRevisamos las relaciones filogenéticas de las formas asignadas a Calomys sorellus basados en secuencias nucleotídicas del gen mitocondrial Citocromo b así como de caracteres morfológicos. Los resultados muestran un clado que agrupa a las formas de las tierras bajas al este de los Andes y a un clado andino, compuesto por: Calomys musculinus, Calomys sorellus y Calomys lepidus que serían complejos de especies. C. sorellus estaría compuesto por al menos cinco especies, tres de ellas fueron previamente definidas como subespecies, a las que agregamos dos especies nuevas. Una de ellas habita en las lomas de Atiquipa en la costa desértica del sur del Perú, y la otra en las vertientes occidentales de los Andes del sur del Perú en Arequipa y Moquegua. Estas nuevas especies están definidas por sus diferencias morfológicas y moleculares y por su tamañp corporal, pelaje y distribución geográfica. Palabras clave: Especie nueva, roedor, Sigmodontinae, biodiversidad, Perú.
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Weise, Florian J., Mathata Tomeletso, Andrew B. Stein, Michael J. Somers, and Matt W. Hayward. "Lions Panthera leo Prefer Killing Certain Cattle Bos taurus Types." Animals 10, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040692.
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Lion predation on cattle causes severe human–wildlife conflict that results in retaliatory persecution throughout the lion’s geographic range. Cattle closely resemble the body size, shape, and herding patterns of preferred lion prey species. We studied cattle depredation patterns in Botswana’s Okavango Delta and tested whether lions exhibited specific preferences based on cattle demographic characteristics (sex and age), as well as morphological traits (body mass, horn length, and pelage patterns). We also tested whether human disturbance of kills influenced lion energy intake and whether depredation circumstances influenced loss levels. Lions predominantly killed cattle at night (87.1%) and exhibited no preference for either sex. Overall, bulls and calves were most preferred, whereas heifers were significantly avoided, as were cattle with uniform colour patterns. Cattle with mottled pelage patterns were most preferred, especially among free-roaming herds. Preferences were context-specific, with lions preferring inexperienced calves during enclosure attacks (including multiple cases of surplus killing) and free-roaming bulls and oxen. About 13% of adult cattle had no horns, and these were preferentially targeted by lions, while cattle with short horns were killed in accordance with their availability and long horned cattle were highly avoided. The contemporary morphology of Tswana cattle that resulted from unnatural selective pressures during domestication does not offer effective antipredatory protection. Human disturbance of feeding soon after kills occurred reduced cattle carcass consumption by >40% (or about 30 kg per carcass per lion). Lions killed significantly more cattle in nonfortified enclosures than in the veldt, although this was influenced by surplus killing. Our results suggest that cattle predation by lions is driven by availability and cavalier husbandry practices, coupled with morphological features associated with facilitating easy husbandry. Cattle no longer exhibit the key features that enabled their ancestors to coexist with large predators and are now reliant upon humans to perform critical antipredator activities. Hence, the responsibility for mitigating human–wildlife conflict involving lions and cattle lies with people in either breeding traits that minimise predation or adequately protecting their cattle.
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Eldridge, M. D. B. "Taxonomy of Rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). II. An Historical Review." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97113.
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The indigenous Australian genus Petrogale (rock-wallabies) consists of small to medium sized macropodids that are found throughout mainland Australia. As their name implies, rock-wallabies live in rocky habitats, preferring steep rocky slopes, cliffs, gorges, rocky outcrops and boulder piles (Sharman and Maynes 1983a). Many rock-wallaby species are distinctively marked, brightly coloured and are amongst the most beautiful of all macropods. Although well known to Aboriginal Australians for (at least) tens of thousands of years, rock-wallabies were only "discovered" by European explorers and naturalists in the early 19th century. Considerable variation in size, pelage characteristics and skull morphology has lead to the formal scientific description of 26 taxa in the last 170 years. The history of the scientific "discovery" of Petrogale in Australia and their subsequent taxonomy is long and fascinating. It is a story dominated by uncertainty and considerable speculation surrounding the inter-relationships of many taxa. It is in this historical context of confusion and contradiction that the current comprehensive genetic studies of rock- wallabies have both their significance and their genesis.
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Harcourt, Robert. "Individual variation in predation on fur seals by southern sea lions (Otaria byronia) in Peru." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 1908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-273.
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Southern sea lions (Otaria byronia) were observed to prey on juvenile and adult female South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) at Punta San Juan, Peru (15°22′S, 75°12′W) between October 1987 and December 1988. Over the course of the study there were 165 attacks on fur seals with 33 seals killed. While both adult male and subadult male sea lions captured and killed fur seals, adult female and juvenile sea lions never acted aggressively towards fur seals. Adult males attacked fur seals on 82.4% of the occasions when they were present at the rookery, subadults on 52% of occasions. Distinctive pelage characteristics allowed some of the male sea lions to be individually identified, and differences in hunting success were observed between adults and subadults, and between five identifiable adults who hunted on at least five occasions. Motivation for attacks differed for subadults and adults, with subadult males using captured fur seals as female sea lion substitutes, guarding them from others and copulating with them, whilst adult sea lions hunted fur seals as food. However, only a small proportion of adult sea lions hunted fur seals, and with differing rates of success.
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Lindenmayer, DB, KL Viggers, RB Cunningham, and CF Donnelly. "Morphological Variation Among Populations of the Mountain Brushtail Possum, Trichosurus-Caninus Ogilby (Phalangeridae, Marsupialia)." Australian Journal of Zoology 43, no. 5 (1995): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9950449.
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The results are described of a study of morphometric variation among populations of the mountain brushtail possum, Trichosurus caninus Ogilby. Trapping surveys were completed at seven sites from southern Victoria to central Queensland. The variables measured from each of the 102 animals captured included head length, skull width, total body length, tail length, pes length, length of the ear conch, body girth, belly girth and the pelage colour. Canonical variate analysis highlighted the existence of a marked separation between populations in Victoria and those in New South Wales and Queensland. The first canonical variate accounted for 89% of the variation between the populations and was dominated by the length of the ear conch, tail length and pes length. There also were differences between the populations for several other morphometric measures including the head and body length. We recorded considerable variation in the fur colour of T. caninus both within and between the populations surveyed. However, no consistent pattern in the geographic variation of fur coloration was evident. We do not know the ecological or evolutionary causes underlying the observed differences in morphological characteristics amongst the populations of T. caninus. Further work is planned to examine the genetic variability of the populations and to assess the taxonomic significance of our findings.
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QUINTELA, FERNANDO MARQUES, FABRÍCIO BERTUOL, ENRIQUE MANUEL GONZÁLEZ, PEDRO CORDEIRO-ESTRELA, THALES RENATO OCHOTORENA DE FREITAS, and GISLENE LOPES GONÇALVES. "A new species of Deltamys Thomas, 1917 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) endemic to the southern Brazilian Araucaria Forest and notes on the expanded phylogeographic scenario of D. kempi." Zootaxa 4294, no. 1 (July 17, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4294.1.3.
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Deltamys is a monotypic sigmodontine rodent from the Pampas of South America. In addition to the formally recognized D. kempi that inhabits lowlands, an undescribed form Deltamys sp. 2n=40 was recently found in the highlands of southeastern Brazil. In the present study, we perform a phylogeographic reassessment of Deltamys and describe a third form of the genus, endemic to the Brazilian Araucaria Forest. We describe this new species based on an integrative analysis, using complete cytochrome b DNA sequences, karyology and morphology. Bayesian tree recovered two allopatric clades (lowlands vs. highlands) and three lineages: (i) the lowland D. kempi, (ii) the highland Deltamys sp. 2n=40, and (iii) Deltamys araucaria sp. n. Deltamys araucaria sp. n. is karyotypically (2n=34) and morphologically distinguishable from D. kempi (2n=37-38), showing a tawnier dorsum/flank pelage, presence of a protostyle, M1 alveolus positioned anteriorly to the posterior margin of the zygomatic plate, and several other distinguishing characteristics. A phylogeographic assessment of D. kempi recovered two haplogroups with significant differences in skull measurements. This phylogeographic break seems to have been shaped by the Patos Lagoon estuarine channel. The diversification in Deltamys might have been triggered by dispersal of older lineages over different altitudinal ranges in the Paraná geological basin.
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Martins-Hatano, F., Gettinger D, ML Manhães, and HG Bergallo. "Morphometric variations of laelapine mite (Acari: Mesostigmata) populations infesting small mammals (Mammalia) in Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 72, no. 3 (August 2012): 595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842012000300024.
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The goal of this study was to evaluate the morphometric variation of laelapine populations (Acari, Mesostigmata) associated with neotropical oryzomyine rodents at different geographic localities in Brazil. Three nominal mite species were selected for study, all infesting the pelage of small mammals at different localities in Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Bahia, and the Federal District, Brazil. To analyse morphometric characteristics, thirty-seven morphological characters distributed across the whole body of each specimen were measured. We use the Analysis of Principal Components, extracting the three first axes and projecting each mite in these axes. Major species level changes in the taxonomy of the host mammals allows an independent examination of morphometric variation of mites infesting a set of distinctly different host species at different geographic localities. Gigantolaelaps vitzthumi and Laelaps differens are associated with oryzomyine rodents of the genus Cerradomys, and consistently showed a tendency to cluster by host phylogeny. Laelaps manguinhosi associated with Nectomys rattus in central Brazil is morphometrically distinct from mites infesting N. squamipes in the coastal restingas of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo. The results obtained here indicate that laelapine mite populations can vary among geographic areas and among phylogenetically related host species. Clearly, the study of these mites at the population level can be an important tool for clarifying the taxonomy of both mites and hosts.
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Keough, R., B. Powell, and G. Rogers. "Targeted expression of SV40 T antigen in the hair follicle of transgenic mice produces an aberrant hair phenotype." Journal of Cell Science 108, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 957–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.108.3.957.
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Directed expression of SV40 large T antigen (TAg) in transgenic mice can induce tissue-specific tumorigenesis and useful cell lines exhibiting differentiated characteristics can be established from resultant tumor cells. In an attempt to produce an immortalised mouse hair follicle cortical cell line for the study of hair keratin gene control, SV40 TAg expression was targeted to the hair follicles of transgenic mice using a sheep hair gene promoter. Expression of SV40 TAg in the follicle cortex disrupted normal fiber ultrastructure, producing a marked phenotypic effect. Affected hairs were wavy or severely kinked (depending on the severity of the phenotype) producing an appearance ranging from a ruffled coat to a stubble covering the back of the mouse. The transgenic hairs appeared to be weakened at the base of the fibers, leading to premature hair-loss and a thinner pelage, or regions of temporary nudity. No follicle tumors or neoplasia were apparent and immortalisation of cortical cells could not be established in culture. In situ hybridisation studies in the hair follicle using histone H3 as a cell proliferation marker suggested that cell proliferation had ceased prior to commencement of K2.10-TAg expression and was not re-established in the differentiating cortical cells. Hence, TAg was unable to induce cell immortalisation at that stage of cortical cell differentiation. However, transgenic mice developed various other abnormalities including vertebral abnormalities and bladder, liver and intestinal tumors, which resulted in reduced life expectancy.
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Milne, Damian J., Felicity C. Jackling, Manpreet Sidhu, and Belinda R. Appleton. "Shedding new light on old species identifications: morphological and genetic evidence suggest a need for conservation status review of the critically endangered bat, Saccolaimus saccolaimus." Wildlife Research 36, no. 6 (2009): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08165.
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Information based on the accurate identification of species is a vital component for achieving successful outcomes of biodiversity conservation and management. It is difficult to manage species that are poorly known or that are misidentified with other similar species. This is particularly problematic for rare and threatened species. Species that are listed under endangered species classification schemes need to be identified accurately and categorised correctly so that conservation efforts are appropriately allocated. In Australia, the emballonurid Saccolaimus saccolaimus is currently listed as ‘Critically Endangered’. On the basis of new observations and existing museum specimens, we used a combination of genetic (mitochondrial DNA sequence) and morphological (pelage characteristics, dig III : phalanx I length ratio, inter-upper canine distance) analyses to identify six new geographic records for S. saccolaimus, comprising ~100 individuals. Our analyses also suggested that there are likely to be more records in museum collections misidentified as S. flaviventris specimens. The external morphological similarities to S. flaviventris were addressed and genetic, morphological and echolocation analyses were used in an attempt to provide diagnostic characters that can be used to readily identify the two species in the field. We recommend genetic testing of all museum specimens of Australian Saccolaimus to clarify species’ distributions and provide data for reassessing the conservation status for both S. saccolaimus and S. flaviventris. Museum curators, taxonomists and wildlife managers need to be aware of potential species misidentifications, both in the field and laboratory. Misidentifications that result in misclassification of both threatened and non-threatened species can have significant implications.
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Gbenge, A. A., J. I. Shimaor, and C. D. Tuleun. "Proximate composition, haematology, carcass characteristics and meat yield of growing rabbits fed yam-cassava peel composite meal as a replacement for maize." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49, no. 3 (June 9, 2022): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i3.3541.
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Yam and cassava peels are by-product resulting from processing of yam and cassava for domestic cooking and other purposes which represent unutilized energy sources in many parts of the country because they have limited or no human food value. It's in view of the need for waste management and upsurge in prizes of conventional feeds (maize) with their increasing demand that necessitate, the need for waste peels from either yam or cassava which are largely discarded thereby constituting environmental nuisance to be used as ingredient (unconventional feedstuffs)in replacing maize(conventionalfeedstuff) as energy source for animal feeding.This study was therefore carried out to investigate the effect of replacing maizewith yam-cassava peel composite meal on haematology, carcass characteristics and meat yield of growing rabbits in 84-days feeding trial. Thirty-six weaner rabbits of mixed sex and strain and average initial weight of 500.89g were randomly allotted to six dietary treatmentsSix dietary treatment were formulated such that, Diet 1 (T1) contained maize and the proportion of maize in diet 1 (T1) was replaced with yam-cassava peel composite meal (YCPCM) in a ratio of 6:1 at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% in diet 2(T2), 3(T3), 4(T4), 5(T5) and 6(T6) respectively. Weighed amounts of feed were served every morning while fresh, cool and clean drinking water was provided ad-libitum and data were collected for proximate composition of yam cassava composite peel meal as well as the haematological profile of growing rabbits and carcass and meat yield. Proximate composition of YCPM revealed 89.60% dry matter (DM), 10.22% crude protein (CP), 14.29% crude fibre (CF), 1.27% ether extract (EE), 6.25% total ash (TA), 67.57% nitrogen free extract (NFE) and 2920.24kcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME Results on carcass characteristics and meat yield of growing rabbits indicated no significant (P>0.05) difference on all the parameters measured. Significant (P<0.05) difference occurred in some haematological (PCV, RBC, Hb, MCV and MCH) within the normal range of recommendation for healthy rabbits to it external and internal environment. This suggests that, 100%inclusion of YCPCM in diets of growing rabbits has no adverse deleterious effect on haematology, carcass characteristics and meat yield of growing rabbits.
Les peaux d'igname et de manioc sont des sous-produits résultant de la transformation de l'igname et du manioc pour la cuisson domestique et d'autres fins qui représentent des sources d'énergie inutilisées dans de nombreuses régions du pays car elles ont une valeur alimentaire limitée ou sans alimentation humaine. C'est compte tenu de la nécessité de la gestion des déchets et de la recrudescence dans les prix des aliments conventionnels (maïs) avec leur demande croissante qui nécessitent, la nécessité de détester des déchets de l'igname ou de la manioc qui sont largement rejetées, constituant ainsi une nuisance environnementale à utiliser comme ingrédient (Les aliments non conventionnels) dans le remplacement du maïs (alimentation conventionnelle) comme source d'énergie pour l'alimentation des animaux. Cette étude a donc été réalisée pour étudier l'effet du maïs avec la peau d'igname et manioc composite Repas composite sur l'hématologie, les caractéristiques de la carcasse et le rendement de la viande de la caisse de culture en 84- Essai d'alimentation des jours. Trente-six lapins de merveilles de sexe mixtes et de souches et de poids initial moyen de 500,89 g ont été alloués au hasard à six traitements diététiques. Régime alimentaire 1 (T1) contenait du maïs et la proportion de maïs dans le régime alimentaire 1 (T1) a été remplacé par un repas composite de pelage L'igname-manioc (RCPIM) dans un ratio de 6: 1 à 20, 40, 60, 80 et 100% dans le régime alimentaire 2 (T2), 3 (T3), 4 (T4), 5 (T5) et 6 (T6) respectivement. Des quantités pesées d'aliments d'alimentation ont été servies tous les matins, tandis que de l'eau potable fraîche, fraîche et propre a été fournie à l'ad-libitum et les données ont été collectées pour une composition proximité de la plate-forme de pelage composite de Cassava Yam, ainsi que du profil hématologique de la culture de lapins et de la carcasse et de la viande. Composition proximité de la RCPIM a révélé 89,60% de matière sèche (MS), 10,2% de protéines brutes (PB), 14,29% de fibres brutes (FB), de 1,27% d'extrait d'éther (EE), de 6,25% de cendres totale (CT), 67,57% d'extrait d'azote sans azote (EAA) et 2920.24KCAL / kg d'énergie métabolisable (moi entraîne des caractéristiques de la carcasse et du rendement de la viande de lapin de culture indiquée aucune différence significative (p> 0.05) sur tous les paramètres mesurés. La différence significative (p <0,05) s'est produite dans certaines hématologiques (VCE , HGR, HB, MCV et MCH) dans la gamme normale de recommandation pour les lapins sains à l'environnement externe et interne. Cela suggère que 100% l'inclusion de RCPIM dans des régimes de lapin de culture n'a aucun effet néfaste sur l'hématologie, les caractéristiques de la carcasse et Rendement de la viande de rapbits en croissance.
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Ma'mun, Asep, Asep Priatna, and Herlisman Herlisman. "POLA SEBARAN IKAN PELAGIS DAN KONDISI OSEANOGRAFI DI WILAYAH PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA 715 (WPP NRI 715) PADA MUSIM PERALIHAN BARAT." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 24, no. 3 (October 8, 2018): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.24.3.2018.197-208.
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Nelayan penangkap ikan yang efektif membutuhkan informasi sumberdaya ikan dan pola penyebarannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola sebaran sumber daya ikan yang dikaitkan dengan kondisi oseanografi WPP-NRI 715. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan kombinasi metode hidroakustik dan profiling CTD pada stasiun oseanografi yang dirancang secara parallel pada jarak tertentu di lintasan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, estimasi ukuran ikan pelagis yang terdeteksi didominasi oleh ukuran kecil. Ikan pelagis kecil yang terdeteksi didominasi ukuran ikan antara 12-14 cm dan ikan pelagis besar ukuran ikan 28-31 cm. Kepadatan ikan pelagis kecil cenderung menurun dengan rerata faktor 0,4 dengan bertambahnya kedalaman, sebaliknya meningkat dengan rerata faktor 1,7 untuk ikan pelagis besar. Pada saat observasi, dikawasan perairan Laut Maluku bagian timur diindikasikan terjadinya upwelling ditandai dengan suhu rendah, salinitas tinggi, dan klorofil tinggi. Ikan pelagis besar lebih banyak ditemukan pada lokasi yang memiliki karakteristik suhu dan DO yang relatif lebih tinggi sedangkan salinitas lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan lapisan air yang didominasi ikan pelagis kecil. Informasi pola sebaran ikan pelagis ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan rujukan bagi pelaku perikanan tangkap dan masukan untuk bahan perumusan kebijakan pengelolaan perikanan tangkap yang berkelanjutan.Effective commercial fishers need information on fish resources and their distribution pattern. This study aims to determine distribution of fish resources in Indonesian FMA 715 through tracking hydroacoustic method and CTD profiling at stations within regular distances. The results showed that the estimated size of pelagic fish was dominated by small size fish groups. Small pelagic fish were detected at the size ranged between 12-14 cm and large pelagic fish was dominated by the size of 28-31cm. The density of small pelagic fish decreases with depth with average factor of 0.4, while the large pelagic fish with average factor of 1.7. An indicated upwelling incidence was likely occurred in the eastern part of Mollucas sea region, which were characterized by the low temperature, high salinity and high chlorophyll concentrations. Large pelagic fish were more occasionally found in locations with relatively higher temperature, DO characteristics and lower salinity compared with small pelagic fish. Information on the distribution pattern of pelagic fish is expected to be used as a reference for capture fishermen and inputs in formulating the policy the sustainable fisheries management.
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Lincoln, G. A. "Effects of placing micro-implants of melatonin in the pars tuberalis, pars distalis and the lateral septum of the forebrain on the secretion of FSH and prolactin, and testicular size in rams." Journal of Endocrinology 142, no. 2 (August 1994): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1420267.
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Abstract Previous studies involving the placement of microimplants of melatonin in the brain in sheep exposed to long days have provided evidence that melatonin acts within or close to the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) to mediate the effects of daylength on cycles in reproduction, moulting and other seasonal characteristics. To extend these observations, groups of Soay rams have now been treated with micro-implants of melatonin placed in the pars tuberalis (PT) and pars distalis (PD) of the pituitary gland, and in the lateral septum of the forebrain (septum). The PT and septum are potential target sites for the action of melatonin based on the localized binding of iodomelatonin assessed by in situ autoradiography. The animals were initially exposed to alternating 16-week periods of long days (16 h light:8 h darkness; 16L:8D) and short days (8L:16D) to entrain the seasonal cycles. The treatments were started at 10 weeks into a period of long days when the animals had a physiology normally observed in summer (low blood plasma concentrations of FSH and high concentrations of prolactin),and they remained under long days throughout the experiments. In experiment 1, animals received micro-implants of melatonin placed in the PT (n=6) or PD (n=4), or received empty implants in similar sites (n=4) or no surgery (n=4; total control, n=8). In experiment 2, groups of animals received microimplants of melatonin placed in the lateral septum (septum, n=7) or received corresponding control treatments (total control, n=8). The micro-implants consisted of 22 gauge stainless-steel needles with melatonin fused inside the tip. They were inserted bilaterally in the selected sites and left in place for 14 weeks. The biological effects of the treatments were assessed by measuring the changes in the blood plasma concentrations of FSH and prolactin, growth of the testes and moulting of the pelage over a period of 28 weeks (14 weeks treatment and 14 weeks post-treatment). The administration of melatonin in the PT, but not in the PD or septum, affected the photoperiodically induced cycle in the secretion of FSH and prolactin. In the PT group there was no significant change in the plasma concentrations of FSH during the treatment with melatonin, but there was a significant (P<0·001), ANOVA) decrease in the levels of FSH after the treatment associated with premature regression of the testes. The plasma concentrations of prolactin were significantly (P<0·001, ANOVA) decreased during the treatment with melatonin in the PT group and increased after the treatment with associated changes in the growth and moulting of the pelage in the most responsive animals. The effects of melatonin in the PT were qualitatively similar but less consistent than those previously observed following placement of micro-implants in the MBH (data included for comparison). The results support the conclusion that melatonin acts, at least in part, in the PT to mediate the inductive effects of photoperiod on the timing of seasonal cycles of reproduction and moulting in rams. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 142, 267–276
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Roy Jaya Saragih, Wiwin, I. Made Sendra, and I. GPB Sasrawan Mananda. "KARAKTERISTIK DAN MOTIVASI WISATAWAN EKOWISATA DI BALI (STUDI KASUS DI JARINGAN EKOWISATA DESA)." Jurnal IPTA 3, no. 1 (January 18, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ipta.2015.v03.i01.p04.
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This study discusses about tourist characteristic and motivation in Pelaga, Badung Regency, Sibetan, Karangasem Regency, and Tenganan, Karangasem Regency. These three villages were developed into ecotourism village by JED (Village Ecotourism Network). Ecotourism is a community- based tourism, enviromentally sound, and responsible for sustainability. By seeing the number of visitor in Pelaga Ecotourism Village which has yet to reach the target, this is the impact of marketing system is still very common conducted without regard to the characteristics and motivations of tourists. This research purposes is to know the tourist characteristic and motivation who visit Pelaga, Sibetan, and Tenganan Ecotourism Village. Data collection in this research is done by direct obeservation to Pelaga Village, Sibetan Village, and Tenganan Village. Deep interview with the manager of JED and then deep interview with the coordinator of JED in every village, and also deep interview with the tourist to know their motivation visit Pelaga Ecotourism Village. While also using literature study and documentation. The result of this research show that in term geographic characteristic the visitor in Pelaga, Sibetan, and Tenganan Village is come from various country namely USA , Australia, Thailand, Japan, Germany, Canada, Netherland, England, France, Norway, Belgium, Philippines, Italy, Singapore, Malaysia, Cambodia, China, Poland, East Timor, Finland, Korea. In term socio- demographic characteristic the tourist who visit Pelaga and Sibetan dominated by man and in productive age, while in Tenganan is dominated by women and in older age. The whole tourist in three villages are work in private or public sector, and high educational background. Most of tourists who visit, have the motivation to know the culture in three villages.
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Suniada, Komang Iwan, and Eko Susilo. "KETERKAITAN KONDISI OSEANOGRAFI DENGAN PERIKANAN PELAGIS DI PERAIRAN SELAT BALI." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 23, no. 4 (January 26, 2018): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.23.4.2017.275-286.
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Perikanan pelagis di perairan Selat Bali telah diusahakan sejak lama. Data runtut tahun hasil tangkapan yang didaratkan cenderung berfluktuasi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi spasial dan temporal karakteristik oseanografi, terkait dengan dengan dinamika perikanan pelagis di Selat Bali. Data parameter oseanografi meliputi suhu permukaan laut (SPL) dan klorofill-a (chl-a) yang diperoleh dari citra satelit penginderaan jauh Aqua/Terra MODIS, sedangkan data sumberdaya perikanan pelagis berupa hasil tangkapan/satuan upaya (Catch per Unit Effort, CPUE) ikan pelagis diperoleh dari Tempat Pendaratan Ikan (TPI) Pengambengan, Jembrana - Bali pada periode Januari 2007 hingga Desember 2015. Uji statistik regresi linear berganda digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh parameter oseanografi terhadap kondisi perubahan sumberdaya perikanan pelagis. Sebaran spasial SPL menunjukkan bahwa pada Mei hingga November suhu permukaan laut cenderung rendah serta tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara suhu di perairan pantai dan di laut lepas. Secara temporal terlihat bahwa suhu terendah terjadi pada musim timur yaitu pada Agustus 2007. Sebaran spasial chl-a menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi chl-a dimulai dari Mei hingga Oktober serta terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara chl-a perairan pantai dan laut lepas. Secara temporal terlihat bahwa konsentrasi chl-a tertinggi terjadi pada Oktober 2015. Faktor iklim yang merupakan faktor eksternal memberikan pengaruh terhadap perubahan konsentrasi chl-a pada lokasi penelitian. Faktor iklim tersebut adalah kecepatan angin dan kejadian El-Nino. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa perubahan parameter SPL dan chl-a secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan CPUE ikan pelagis, namun secara parsial parameter chl-a memberikan pengaruh yang lebih signifikan dibandingkan dengan parameter SPL.Pelagic fisheries around Bali Strait have been exploited since decades. Based on monthly and annual landing data, fish production around Bali strait are very fluctuated. This study aims to determine the spatial and temporal conditions of oceanographic characteristics and how they relate to the dynamics of pelagic fisheries in the Bali Strait. The oceanographic parameter data consist of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) that obtained from Aqua / Terra MODIS remote sensing satellite imagery, while the dynamics of pelagic fish resource data indicated by Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) derrived from landing place (TPI) Pengambengan, Jembrana - Bali in the period January 2007 to December 2015. Multiple linear regression analysis were applied to determine the effect of oceanographic parameters on the changing conditions of pelagic fishery resources. Spatial distribution of SPL indicates that in May to November sea surface temperature tends to be low and there is no significant difference between the temperature in coastal waters and on high seas. The temporal distribution shows that the lowest temperature occurred during the southeast monsoon in August 2007. The spatial distribution of chl-a showed that the chl-a concentration starts to increase from May to October and there were significant differences between chl-a coastal waters and high seas. The temporal distribution shows that the highest chl-a concentration occurred in October 2015. Climate factor which is an external factor has an effect on the change of chl-a concentration at the research location. Climatic factors are wind speed and El-Nino events. The result of the statistical analysis shows that the change of SPL and chl-a parameters together significantly influence on the CPUE of pelagic fish, but partially chl-a parameter gives highly significant effect than SST parameter.
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Suwarso, Suwarso, and Achmad Zamroni. "SEBARAN UNIT STOK IKAN LAYANG (Decapterus spp.) DAN RISIKO PENGELOLAAN IKAN PELAGIS KECIL DI LAUT JAWA." Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2013): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.5.1.2013.17-24.
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Ikan layang (Decapterus russelli dan D. macrosoma, Fam. CARANGIDAE) merupakan komponen utama dari sumberdaya ikan pelagis kecil di perairan sekitar Laut Jawa-Selat Makassar. Peningkatan upaya secara tak terkontrol pada perikanan purse seine telah mengakibatkan penyusutan biomassa yang berdampak pada penurunan hasil tangkapan, sehingga tujuan pengelolaan yang berkelanjutan tak tercapai; ditambah lagi pengetahuan tentang karakter biologi dan keterkaitan diantara stok di sekitar zona utama belum diketahui secara jelas. Paper ini membahas dugaan sebaran stok dan risiko pengelolaannya berdasarkan data penstrukturan populasi dua species ikan layang (D. russelli dan D. macrosoma) dan aspek perikanan tangkap (komposisi jenis, sebaran fishing ground). Data struktur populasi diperoleh dari hasil analisis genetik terhadap marker DNA mitochondria (metode RFLP) yang telah dilaporkan sebelumnya; sedang data aspek penangkapan diperoleh dari tempat pendaratan utama di Pekalongan, Samarinda, Mamuju dan sekitarnya. Hasil menunjukkan kedua species layang memiliki masing-masing dua sub populasi (2 unit stok). D. russelli, tersebar di Laut Jawa bagian timur, Laut Flores bagian selatan dan Laut Banda bagian barat (sub populasi atau unit stok 1), sedang unit stok 2 tersebar di Selat Makassar laut dangkal di timur Kalimantan. Sedangkan pada D. macrosoma, unit stok Laut Banda (unit stok 1) terpisah (berbeda) dengan unit stok lain yang tersebar di Laut Flores zona pantai, Laut Jawa bagian timur dan Selat Makassar laut dangkal. Dari hal tersebut pengelolaan ikan pelagis kecil di Laut Jawa (WPP 712) dan Selat Makasar laut dangkal (WPP 713) sebaiknya disatukan sebagai satu unit stok dan satu unit managemen. Di pihak lain, perikanan pelagis di Selat Makasar laut dalam di perairan barat Sulawesi disarankan dikelola dalam konteks penstrukturan populasi ikan pelagis kecil lautdalam di sekitar Sulawesi (malalugis, D. macarellus). Pola migrasi ikan layang/pelagis dalam arah Laut Jawa – Selat Makasar dan sebaliknya dimungkinkan juga terkait dengan penstrukturan populasi layang tersebut.Layang scad (Decapterus russelli) and round scad (D. macrosoma) was a main component of small pelagic fishes around Java Sea-Makasar Strait. Increasing of uncontrolled effort of purse seine had caused a biomass decrease and clearly impact to the lower catch, so that a goal of sustainable fishery was difficult to reach; in addition, knowledge on biological characteristics and inter-relationship within the stock unit in the main zone was not understood yet. Study on stock distribution and its management impacts was conducted based on the population structuring of the two scads species exist (D. russelli and D. macrosoma) which was observed fromthe genetic analyses of the mitochondria DNA marker (RFLP method), and the capture fishery data (species composition, distribution of fishing ground) from some main landing sites such as Pekalongan, Samarinda, Mamuju, and Bone. Results showed the two species of scads had two sub population (stock unit) respectively. D. russelli distribute in the eastern part of Java Sea, southern Flores Sea, and western Banda Sea exist as a sub population or stock unit 1, while a stock unit 2 was distributed around the coastal waters of Makasar Strait in eastern Kalimantan. However, stock unit 1 of D. macrosoma that distribute in Banda Sea was separated (clearly different) from the stock unit 2 that was distributed in the coastal habitat of Flores Sea, eastern Java Sea, and the coastal area of Makasar Strait (east Kalimantan). Thus, a sustainable management of small pelagic fish in the areas of Java Sea (FMA 712) and Makasar Strait (FMA 713) have to be managed as a one stock unit (sub population) and one management unit. On the other hand, we would like to propose that for a small pelagic fish that was distributed in the oceanic habitat of Makasar Strait (western Sulawesi) should be managed in the context of population structuring of scad mackerel/malalugis (D. macarellus) as the main oceanic species of small pelagic fish around Sulawesi. Migration pattern of that two scads (D. russelli and D. macrosoma) along the Java Sea and Makasar Strait and vise versa may be related to that proposed population structuring of scads.
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Mahiswara, Mahiswara, Mohamad Natsir, and Tri Wahyu Budiarti. "STANDARDISASI UPAYAPENANGKAPAN PUKAT CINCIN DI LAUT JAWA." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 17, no. 4 (January 30, 2017): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.17.4.2011.247-255.
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Pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan pelagis kecil di Laut Jawa didominasi oleh armada pukat cincin. Pukat cincin merupakan jenis alat tangkap yang efektif yang dalam kajian stok sumber daya ikan pelagis sering dijadikan sebagai alat tangkap standard. Oleh karena armada pukat cincin memiliki variasi karakteristik teknis, maka untuk menghindari bias perlu dilakukan standardisasi upaya. Standardisasi upaya penangkapan kapal pukat cincin di Laut Jawa periode 2006-2008 dilakukan menggunakan metode analisis komponen utama dari karakteristik teknis; panjang kapal, lebar kapal, dalam kapal, tonase, tenaga penggerak, daya lampu, dimensi jaring, kapasitas palka, dan jumlah ABK. Tiga komponen utama telah dapat menjelaskan lebih dari 60 % total varians yang difungsikan untuk menghitung fishing power masing-masing kapal. Metode analisis komponen utama menghindarkan ketergantungan terhadap satu karakter sehingga memungkinkan untuk melakukan penghitungan nilai fishing power bagi kapal pukat cincin baru yang masuk ke dalam armada pukat cincin. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh fungsi hasil tangkapan per satuan upaya (CPUE) CPUE = 353.4 * 16.95.Ci dan Fishing Power Indeks (FP) = 1 +(16.59) * (353.4)-1. Ci. Exploitation of small pelagic fish resources in Java Sea was dominated by purse seiners fishery. Purse seine is an effective type of fishing gear, this gear was often used as standard fishing gear for pelagic fish stock assessment. Since purse seiners has a variety of technical characteristics, standardization efforts need to be done to avoid the bias during analysis. Catch effort of purse seiners in Java Sea on the period of 2006-2008 was standardized using principal components analysis method of the boat characteristics, boat length, boat width, boat depth, gross tonnage, engine propulsion, light power, net dimensions, fish hold capacity and total number of crews. Three new major components have explained more than 60% of the total variance which enabled to calculate the fishing power of each boat. Principal components analysis method was used to avoid dependence on a single character to allow the calculation of the value of fishing power for new purse seine fleet. Based on the results obtained by analyzing the function of catch per unit effort formula was CPUE = 353.4 * 16.95.Ci and Fishing Power Index (FP) = 1 + (16.59) * (353.4) -1. Ci.
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Krasznai, Enikő, Gábor Borics, Gábor Várbíró, András Abonyi, Judit Padisák, Csaba Deák, and Béla Tóthmérész. "Characteristics of the pelagic phytoplankton in shallow oxbows." Hydrobiologia 639, no. 1 (December 13, 2009): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-0027-z.
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Warren, Joseph, Kaylyn Becker, Dezhang Chu, and Kelly Benoit-Bird. "Acoustic scattering characteristics of pelagic and coastal nekton." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135, no. 4 (April 2014): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4877075.
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Baihaqi, Mahiswara, and T. W. Budiarti. "Characteristics of purse seine fisheries in the Sulawesi Sea (case study in Tumumpa fishing port)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 919, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/919/1/012016.
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Abstract The purse seine is the dominant fishing gear operating at the Tumumpa Fishing Port with a vessel of >90%. The purse seines that have developed are large pelagic targets, with the main catch targets being skipjack, mackerel tuna, and tuna. Tuna, mackerel tuna and skipjack are important commodities for fisheries in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the characteristics of purse seine fishing gear and its catch in the Sulawesi Sea. Data collection was carried out for two years from 2019-2020 at Tumumpa Fishery Port. Indications for the use of fish resources are calculated by comparing the length-at-first-capture (Lc) with the length-at-first-mature (Lm). The results showed that purse seines are very dominant in exploiting large pelagic resources (skipjack, mackerel tuna and tuna) with the proportion reaching 78%, small pelagic (21% scads and 1% other fish). The large pelagic fishing season using the purse seine vessel occurs in May – November, with 2 peak seasons in July and September. While the small pelagic occurs in May – September, with the peak occurring in July. The size when the frigate tuna was first caught was at a fork length of 25.15 cm (Lc) and Lm in a size of 28.52 cm for females and 28.29 cm for males. Meanwhile, the first scads was caught (Lc) at a length of 21.4 cm with the length-at-first-mature (Lm) being 20 cm for the female and 19 cm for the male. Based on this analysis, it was shown that the purse seines is a selective fishing gear for small pelagic fish but not selective for large pelagic fish.
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Fabiani, Godfrey, Leonard J. Chauka, and Christopher A. Muhando. "Population Characteristics of Selected Small Pelagic Fish Species along the Tanzanian Coast." Tanzania Journal of Science 48, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i3.6.
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Although small pelagic fishing in Tanzania is rising, lack of information on population structure has been a significant concern in its management. This study aimed to determine the species composition, length-weight relationship and length at first maturity of Amblygaster sirm, Encrasicholina heteroloba, Encrasicholina punctifer, Stolephorus commersonii, and Spratelloides gracilis landed at Kilwa Kivinje, Kipumbwi and Shangani along the Tanzanian coast. These landing sites were chosen because of their locations and importance in the small pelagic fishery. Sampling was done monthly from October 2018 to June 2020. The catch composition was site specific such that E. heteroloba dominated at Kilwa Kivinje and Shangani, while E. punctifer dominated at the Kipumbwi site. Further analysis shows allometric coefficient to be greater than 3 for A. sirm and E. punctifer, indicating positive allometric growth, while for S. commersonii and S. gracilis, the allometric coefficient was less than 3, indicating negative allometric growth. Our findings showed that length at first maturity (L50) differed, implying that these species start spawning at different sizes, an essential biological reference for sustainable small pelagic fish exploitation. We recommend seasonal closure of the fishery to maintain reproductive seasons since many species are multiple spawners.
Keywords: Population; Small pelagic; Maturity; Tanzania
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Murphy, E. J., R. D. Cavanagh, K. F. Drinkwater, S. M. Grant, J. J. Heymans, E. E. Hofmann, G. L. Hunt, and N. M. Johnston. "Understanding the structure and functioning of polar pelagic ecosystems to predict the impacts of change." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1844 (December 14, 2016): 20161646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1646.
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The determinants of the structure, functioning and resilience of pelagic ecosystems across most of the polar regions are not well known. Improved understanding is essential for assessing the value of biodiversity and predicting the effects of change (including in biodiversity) on these ecosystems and the services they maintain. Here we focus on the trophic interactions that underpin ecosystem structure, developing comparative analyses of how polar pelagic food webs vary in relation to the environment. We highlight that there is not a singular, generic Arctic or Antarctic pelagic food web, and, although there are characteristic pathways of energy flow dominated by a small number of species, alternative routes are important for maintaining energy transfer and resilience. These more complex routes cannot, however, provide the same rate of energy flow to highest trophic-level species. Food-web structure may be similar in different regions, but the individual species that dominate mid-trophic levels vary across polar regions. The characteristics (traits) of these species are also different and these differences influence a range of food-web processes. Low functional redundancy at key trophic levels makes these ecosystems particularly sensitive to change. To develop models for projecting responses of polar ecosystems to future environmental change, we propose a conceptual framework that links the life histories of pelagic species and the structure of polar food webs.
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Reza, Muhammad, and Yuhdi Fahrimal. "PROSES KOMUNIKASI PELAKU USAHA KULINER DALAM MEMPEROLEH SERTIFIKASI HALAL DI KOTA BANDA ACEH." Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Ilmu Komunikasi 5, no. 2 (December 22, 2021): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jpsik.v5i2.4432.
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Halal tourism is an accelerated development program carried out by the government in several regions in Indonesia. Aceh has been designated as a center for the development of halal tourist destinations. The increasing number of Muslim tourist visits has an effect on the provision of food and beverage products (culinary). The increase in tourist visits is not matched by the availability of halal-certified food and drinks. One of the reasons is the interest of culinary business actors to seek information about halal certification. This study aims to identify the characteristics of culinary business actors and analyze their communication process in obtaining halal certificates. This research was conducted in Banda Aceh-Indonesia in January-February 2020, using survey methods and in-depth interviews. The population determination and sample selection were carried out by purposive sampling with 77 respondents from culinary businesses and simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The results of the study show that the characteristics of culinary business actors are MSMEs which are dominated by young entrepreneurs. PLS analysis shows that the characteristic factor (0.080) has no effect on the communication process. On the other hand, institutional support (0.709) has a significant effect on the communication process..
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Volvenko, Igor V. "Comparison of the Far-Eastern Seas and North-West Pacific by integral characteristics of pelagic and benthic trawled macrofaun." Izvestiya TINRO 178, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2014-178-58-67.
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The Bering Sea, Okhotsk Sea, Japan/East Sea and adjacent waters of the Pacific Ocean (mainly within EEZ of Russia) are compared by abundance of pelagic and benthic macrofauna, its species richness, evenness, diversity, and mean weight of animals using the data of long-term large-scale pelagic and bottom trawl surveys conducted by Pacific Fish. Res. Center (TINRO) in 1977-2010.
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Del Castilho, C. C., T. T. Santos, C. A. F. Rodrigues, and R. A. Torres Filho. "Effects of sex and genotype on performance and yield characteristics of free range broiler chickens." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 65, no. 5 (October 2013): 1483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352013000500029.
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The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of genotype and sex on the performance characteristics (weight gain, feed conversion and livability) and yields (carcass, breast and legs) of six free-range genotypes: Pesadão Vermelho (GEN1), Carijó (GEN2), Pescoço Pelado 1 (GEN3), Pescoço Pelado 2 (GEN4), Pescoço Pelado 3 (GEN5) and Pescoço Pelado 4 (GEN6). A total of 1584 sexed one day old chicks (792 males and 792 females) were housed in 48 pens, 33 birds per pen. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial 2 x 6 (six genotypes and two sexes) design, with four replicates each. Diets were based on corn and soybean meal (no animal protein) provided in a feeding program in four phases: pre-starter (1 to 21 days), starter (22 to 42 days), growth (43 to 77 days) and finisher (78 to 91 days). Feed intake, feed conversion and livability were measured at 21, 42, 77 and 91 days of age. There was no genotype x sex interaction. The effect of sex was observed in all ages regarding weight gain, feed conversion (except at 21 days) and yields. For all these characteristics, males performed better than females, except in breast yield, which was higher in females. For the livability and feed conversion at 21 days no effect of sex was found. The effect of genotype was observed only in carcass and breast yields. The fast (GEN1) and intermediate (GEN2, GEN5 and GEN6) growing genotypes showed higher weight gain than the slow growing genotypes (GEN4 and GEN3). Carcass and breast yields of naked neck genotypes (GEN3, GEN4, GEN5 and GEN6) did not differ among themselves, and were higher than the Carijó genotype (GEN2) and are therefore recommended for production systems that sell industrialized birds.
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Świniarski, Józef, Piotr Nowakowski, and Henryk Sędłak. "Model studies-based analysis of effects of pelagic trawl mouth construction and opening on geometric and resistance-related characteristics of trawls." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 24, no. 1 (June 30, 1994): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3750/aip1994.24.1.03.
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