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Books on the topic 'Peer Rankings'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Office, General Accounting. VA health care: Physician peer review identifies quality of care problems but actions to address them are limited : report to Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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2

Office, General Accounting. Bonneville Power Administration: Long-term fiscal challenges : [report to] the Honorable David L. Hobson, Chairman, the Honorable Peter J. Visclosly, Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 2003.

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3

Peach, Ken. Reviewing Research, Making Proposals and Evaluating Science. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796077.003.0011.

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This chapter focuses on the review process, the process of writing a proposal and the evaluation of science. The usual way that science is funded these days is through a proposal to a funding agency; if it satisfies peer review and there are sufficient resources available, it is then funded. Peer review is at the heart of academic life, and is used to assess research proposals, progress, publications and institutions. Peer review processes are discussed and, in light of this discussion, the art of proposal writing. The particular features of making fellowship proposals and preparing for an institutional review are described. In addition, several of the methods used for evaluating and ranking research and research institutions are reviewed, including the Research Assessment Exercise and the Research Excellence Framework.

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4

Newman, Mark. Network search. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805090.003.0018.

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This chapter gives a discussion of search processes on networks. It begins with a discussion of web search, including crawlers and web ranking algorithms such as PageRank. Search in distributed databases such as peer-to-peer networks is also discussed, including simple breadth-first search style algorithms and more advanced “supernode” approaches. Finally, network navigation is discussed at some length, motivated by consideration of Milgram's letter passing experiment. Kleinberg's variant of the small-world model is introduced and it is shown that efficient navigation is possible only for certain values of the model parameters. Similar results are also derived for the hierarchical model of Watts et al.

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5

Williams, Pat, and Michael Connelly. NBA List Jam!: The Most Authoritative and Opinionated Rankings from Doug Collins, Bob Ryan, Peter Vecsey, Jeanie Bu. Running Press, 2012.

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6

United States. General Accounting Office. and United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform., eds. File-sharing programs: Peer-to-peer networks provide ready access to child pornography : report to the chairman and ranking minority member, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2003.

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7

Brandolini, Andrea, and Giovanni Vecchi. Standards of Living. Edited by Gianni Toniolo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199936694.013.0008.

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The chapter describes the evolution of the Italians' well-being during the 150 years since the country's unification. The progress in material standard of living has been substantial, with GDP per capita growing thirteen times between 1861 and 2011 and hours of work (and hence effort) falling considerably, but roughly in line with that experienced by most other European countries. By relying on a novel database on household budgets, it is shown that economic growth has been accompanied by a long-run reduction of inequality that however appears to have been reversed in the last two decades. Progress has not been limited to the economic domain: educational attainment has improved considerably, although less than in other countries, and life expectancy has grown at a spectacular pace, allowing Italians to lead current international rankings.

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8

Piatkowski, Marcin. Will Poland’s Success Continue? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789345.003.0009.

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In this chapter I discuss Poland’s growth prospects and analyze long-term projections produced by international institutions. I argue that Poland should continue to grow and converge with the West at least until 2030 and achieve around 80 per cent of its level of income. This would be the highest relative level of income and quality of life in Poland’s history. The country’s true Golden Age would flourish. After 2030, however, convergence is likely to slow and might even reverse unless further reforms are implemented. I then discuss how much economists understand about what makes countries grow. I assert that we know much less than we think we know. I briefly review various challenges of moving from economic theory to economic practice. I also look at the pros and cons of international economic rankings, arguing that they play an important role by ‘naming and shaming’ countries into reforms, but their power is often overappreciated.

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9

University funding: Information on the role of peer review at NSF and NIH : fact sheet for the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1987.

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10

United States. General Accounting Office., United States. General Accounting Office. Health, Education, and Human Services Division., and United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs., eds. VA health care: Physician peer review identifies quality of care problems but actions to address them are limited : report to ranking minority member, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1995.

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11

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs., ed. VA health care: Physician peer review identifies quality of care problems but actions to address them are limited : report to Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): The Office, 1995.

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12

Greaves, Hilary, and Theron Pummer, eds. Effective Altruism. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841364.001.0001.

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The effective altruism movement consists of a growing global community of people who organize significant parts of their lives around two key ideas, represented in its name. Altruism: If we use a significant portion of the resources in our possession—whether money, time, or talents—with a view to helping others, we can improve the world considerably. Effectiveness: When we do put such resources to altruistic use, it is crucial to focus on how much good this or that intervention is reasonably expected to do per unit of resource expended (for example, per dollar donated). While global poverty is a widely used case study in introducing and motivating effective altruism, if the ultimate aim is to do the most good one can with the resources expended, it is far from obvious that global poverty alleviation is highest priority cause area. In addition to ranking possible poverty-alleviation interventions against one another, we can also try to rank interventions aimed at very different types of outcome against one another. This includes, for example, interventions focusing on animal welfare or future generations. The scale and organization of the effective altruism movement encourage careful dialogue on questions that have perhaps long been there, throwing them into new and sharper relief, and giving rise to previously unnoticed questions. In the present volume, the first of its kind, a group of internationally recognized philosophers, economists, and political theorists contribute in-depth explorations of issues that arise once one takes seriously the twin ideas of altruistic commitment and effectiveness.

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13

Naess, Halvor. Long-term prognosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722366.003.0016.

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Knowledge of prognosis is important for patients in the prime of life in order to make informed decisions about treatment, choice of education, and profession. Median first-year mortality after first-ever cerebral infarction among young adults is about 4% while median annual average mortality after the first year is about 1.7%. Likewise, median first-year recurrence rate of cerebral infarction is 2% and thereafter 1.5% per year. Risk factors for recurrent cerebral infarction include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, symptomatic atherosclerosis, and smoking. Recurrent cerebral infarction and mortality are associated with increasing number of traditional risk factors. About 10% of patients develop post-stroke seizures within 6 years of the acute stroke. Almost 90% of patients report good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2) on long-term follow-up, but up to 30–50% of patients do not resume employment. Many patients have cognitive impairment. Fatigue and depression are also common on long-term follow-up.

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14

Skoulding, Zoë. Poetry & Listening. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621792.001.0001.

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Listening has always mattered in poetry, but how does poetry change when listening has been transformed? In Poetry and Listening: The Noise of Lyric, the field of sound studies, which has revolutionised research in contemporary music, is brought into dialogue with new lyric criticism. Examining poetry as mediated by performance, technology and translation, this book discovers how contemporary poetry has been re-energised by the influence of recorded sound and influenced by the creative methods that emerged with it. It offers an exploration of contemporary poetry’s acoustic contexts, moving beyond traditional analysis of poetic form to consider the social, political and ecological dimensions of a poem's sounds and silences. Through detailed discussion of innovative English-language poetry from the UK and USA, including works by Denise Riley, Sean Bonney, Caroline Bergvall, Mei-mei Berssenbrugge, Carol Watts, Claudia Rankine, Vahni Capildeo, Tom Raworth, Emma Bennett, Jonathan Skinner, Holly Pester, Tracie Morris, Hannah Silva, Rhys Trimble, Peter Hughes, Jeff Hilson and Tim Atkins, it argues for the centrality of listening to a form of composition in which language not only represents sonic experience but is part of it. With reference to Jean-Luc Nancy’s distinction between hearing and listening, alongside other key theorists of sound and noise, it shows how poetry offers insights into sensory perception, and how it charts acoustic relationships between language and the environment.

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15

Bucher, Taina. If...Then. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190493028.001.0001.

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IF … THEN provides an account of power and politics in the algorithmic media landscape that pays attention to the multiple realities of algorithms, and how these relate and coexist. The argument is made that algorithms do not merely have power and politics; they help to produce certain forms of acting and knowing in the world. In processing, classifying, sorting, and ranking data, algorithms are political in that they help to make the world appear in certain ways rather than others. Analyzing Facebook’s news feed, social media user’s everyday encounters with algorithmic systems, and the discourses and work practices of news professionals, the book makes a case for going beyond the narrow, technical definition of algorithms as step-by-step procedures for solving a problem in a finite number of steps. Drawing on a process-relational theoretical framework and empirical data from field observations and fifty-five interviews, the author demonstrates how algorithms exist in multiple ways beyond code. The analysis is concerned with the world-making capacities of algorithms, questioning how algorithmic systems shape encounters and orientations of different kinds, and how these systems are endowed with diffused personhood and relational agency. IF … THEN argues that algorithmic power and politics is neither about algorithms determining how the social world is fabricated nor about what algorithms do per se. Rather it is about how and when different aspects of algorithms and the algorithmic become available to specific actors, under what circumstance, and who or what gets to be part of how algorithms are defined.

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