Relevant bibliographies by topics / Peer Rankings

Academic literature on the topic 'Peer Rankings'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Peer Rankings"

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Bernardino, Pedro, and Rui Cunha Marques. "Academic rankings: an approach to rank portuguese universities." Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação 18, no. 66 (March 2010): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-40362010000100003.

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The academic rankings are a controversial subject in higher education. However, despite all the criticism, academic rankings are here to stay and more and more different stakeholders use rankings to obtain information about the institutions' performance. The two most well-known rankings, The Times and the Shanghai Jiao Tong University rankings have different methodologies. The Times ranking is based on peer review, whereas the Shanghai ranking has only quantitative indicators and is mainly based on research outputs. In Germany, the CHE ranking uses a different methodology from the traditional rankings, allowing the users to choose criteria and weights. The Portuguese higher education institutions are performing below their European peers, and the Government believes that an academic ranking could improve both performance and competitiveness between institutions. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the advantages and problems of academic rankings and provide guidance to a new Portuguese ranking.
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Ghiasi, Amir, Grigorios Fountas, Panagiotis Anastasopoulos, and Fred Mannering. "Statistical assessment of peer opinions in higher education rankings." Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-09-2018-0196.

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Purpose Unlike many other quantitative characteristics used to determine higher education rankings, opinion-based peer assessment scores and the factors that may influence them are not well understood. Using peer scores of US colleges of engineering as reported annually in US News and World Report (USNews) rankings, the purpose of this paper is to provide some insights into peer assessments by statistically identifying factors that influence them. Design/methodology/approach With highly detailed data, a random parameters linear regression is estimated to statistically identify the factors determining a college of engineering’s average USNews peer assessment score. Findings The findings show that a wide variety of college- and university-specific attributes influence average peer impressions of a university’s college of engineering including the size of the faculty, the quality of admitted students and the quality of the faculty measured by their citation data and other factors. Originality/value The paper demonstrates that average peer assessment scores can be readily and accurately predicted with observable data on the college of engineering and the university as a whole. In addition, the individual parameter estimates from the statistical modeling in this paper provide insights as to how specific college and university attributes can help guide policies to improve an individual college’s average peer assessment scores and its overall ranking.
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O'Carroll, Conor. "International peer review improved Irish research rankings." Nature 460, no. 7258 (August 2009): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/460949a.

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Harnad, S. "Validating research performance metrics against peer rankings." Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics 8 (June 3, 2008): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esep00088.

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Collins, Paul M. "Reputational Rankings of Peer-Reviewed Law Journals: A Survey Approach." PS: Political Science & Politics 51, no. 02 (April 2018): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096517002529.

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ABSTRACTThis article presents the results of the first-ever survey that captures how political scientists view peer-reviewed law journals with regard to overall impact, familiarity, and article quality, as well as reading and submission preferences. In addition, it examines the extent to which the evaluation of journal quality differs depending on a researcher’s methodological approach. I find that scholars generally agree on a set of top peer-reviewed law journals, although some differences do exist based on the methodological approach of the respondent. These results can be used by a wide range of scholars to formulate publication strategies and evaluate the scholarly productivity of their peers.
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Bawabe, Sarah, Laura Wilson, Tongyu Zhou, Ezra Marks, and Jeff Huang. "The UX Factor: Using Comparative Peer Review to Evaluate Designs through User Preferences." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (October 13, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479863.

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Peer review has been used in both online and offline classrooms to inspire creativity, gather feedback, and lessen instructor grading loads, especially for design-based tasks without definitive rubrics. To explore the nuances and quality of peer feedback, we developed UX Factor, a peer grading platform that aims to characterize the behavior of peer reviews and the consistency of the ranking models used to aggregate these reviews. This system harnesses the power of pairwise comparisons to minimize bias and encourage context-driven analysis. We adopted UX Factor in a user interface course of 133 students and teaching assistants (TAs) across 3 different individual design projects over a semester and found that the system was effective in eliciting high-quality feedback. We saw that raters have higher agreement than random preferences, and with at least 15 ratings per submission, a simple average of ratings produced rankings that were consistent to both the raw ratings and other more complex models. These rankings were robust to disagreeable raters and changing class sizes, demonstrating the potential of comparative peer review to match the quality of expert feedback at scale.
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Howard, Louise, and Greg Wilkinson. "Peer review and editorial decision-making." British Journal of Psychiatry 173, no. 2 (August 1998): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.173.2.110.

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IntroductionThis paper describes and analyses the editor's decision-making process at the British Journal of Psychiatry (BJP), and investigates the association between reviewers' assessments and editorial decisions.MethodFour hundred consecutive manuscripts submitted over a six-month period to the BJP were examined prospectively for assessors' comments and editorial decisions on acceptance or rejection. Interrater reliability of assessments was calculated and a logistic regression analysis investigated the effect of the rank allocated by assessors and the comprehensiveness of the assessments on the editor's decision.ResultsThe editor sent 248/400 (62%) manuscripts to assessors for peer review. Kappa for reliability of assessors' rankings was 0.1 indicating poor interrater reliability. Assessors agreed best on whether to reject a paper. A ranking of five (indicating rejection) had the greatest association with editor's rejection (P < 0.001, odds ratio 0.079), and the mean ranking of assessments was also significantly associated with editorial acceptance or rejection (P=0.004, odds ratio 0.24)ConclusionAssessors and editors tend to agree on what is clearly not acceptable for publication but there is less agreement on what is suitable.
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Seymour, Harold L. "Peer Academic Rankings and the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale." Perceptual and Motor Skills 62, no. 2 (April 1986): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.62.2.517.

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Two studies are used to evaluate children's ability to rank their peers' academic achievement, their own achievement, and to see how these rankings relate to children's academic self-concept. Analysis shows that elementary-school aged children can accurately rank the achievement of their peers and themselves. Also peers' rankings for academic achievement interact significantly with children's academic self-concepts. Self-rankings and actual achievement do not. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of considering peers when evaluating a child.
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Cahn, E. Susanna. "Journal Rankings." International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector 6, no. 4 (October 2014): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisss.2014100106.

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Research productivity is important in school reputation as well as individual faculty evaluation. In order to evaluate research productivity, the quality of research is often measured by proxy through the number of journal articles and ratings of the journals in which they appear. Because of this there is significant pressure on faculty to publish in the “top journals”. There are several metrics for evaluating and ranking journals, each of them with its own merits and limitations. Some commonly used quantitative measures of research quality are citation analyses, acceptance rates, and whether or not a journal is peer reviewed. Alternatively, journals can be ranked qualitatively into stratified groups based on reputation. Reputation, in turn, may be correlated with perceived values of quantitative measures, and thus is more subjective. The purpose of this research is to examine the extent of correlation between various measures of journal quality, in particular between quantitative and qualitative measures. The various measures are compared to examine the extent to which they are similar. Comparisons were also made among business departments. For this sample, overall journal rank was correlated with citation rate but not with acceptance rate. However, quantitative measures were not consistent among academic departments, indicating that journal rank can not be reliably used to make interdepartmental comparisons.
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Clark, Timothy, and Mike Wright. "Reviewing Journal Rankings and Revisiting Peer Reviews: Editorial Perspectives." Journal of Management Studies 44, no. 4 (June 2007): 612–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00701.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peer Rankings"

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Wooton, Sharyl Stasser. "DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS: A TOOL FOR SECONDARY EDUCATION RANKING AND BENCHMARKING." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1050604854.

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Thesis (M.S.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Computer Science and Systems Analysis, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 36 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-36).
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Ozorhan, Mustafa Onur. "A Service Oriented Peer To Peer Web Service Discovery Mechanism With Categorization." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611634/index.pdf.

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This thesis, studies automated methods to achieve web service advertisement and discovery, and presents efficient search and matching techniques based on OWL-S. In the proposed system, the service discovery and matchmaking is performed via a centralized peer-to-peer web service repository. The repository has the ability to run on a software cloud, which improves the availability and scalability of the service discovery. The service advertisement is done semi-automatically on the client side, with an automatic WSDL to OWL-S conversion, and manual service description annotation. An OWL-S based unified ontology -Suggested Upper Merged Ontology- is used during annotation, to enhance semantic matching abilities of the system. The service advertisement and availability are continuously monitored on the client side to improve the accuracy of the query results. User-agents generate query specification using the system ontology, to provide semantic unification between the client and the system during service discovery. Query matching is performed via complex Hilbert Spaces composed of conceptual planes and categorical similarities for each web service. User preferences following the service queries are monitored and used to improve the service match scores in the long run.
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Fanti, Gioele. "Alcuni metodi computazionali per il problema di page ranking." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16415/.

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Kim, Jinhan. "J-model : an open and social ensemble learning architecture for classification." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7672.

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Ensemble learning is a promising direction of research in machine learning, in which an ensemble classifier gives better predictive and more robust performance for classification problems by combining other learners. Meanwhile agent-based systems provide frameworks to share knowledge from multiple agents in an open context. This thesis combines multi-agent knowledge sharing with ensemble methods to produce a new style of learning system for open environments. We now are surrounded by many smart objects such as wireless sensors, ambient communication devices, mobile medical devices and even information supplied via other humans. When we coordinate smart objects properly, we can produce a form of collective intelligence from their collaboration. Traditional ensemble methods and agent-based systems have complementary advantages and disadvantages in this context. Traditional ensemble methods show better classification performance, while agent-based systems might not guarantee their performance for classification. Traditional ensemble methods work as closed and centralised systems (so they cannot handle classifiers in an open context), while agent-based systems are natural vehicles for classifiers in an open context. We designed an open and social ensemble learning architecture, named J-model, to merge the conflicting benefits of the two research domains. The J-model architecture is based on a service choreography approach for coordinating classifiers. Coordination protocols are defined by interaction models that describe how classifiers will interact with one another in a peer-to-peer manner. The peer ranking algorithm recommends more appropriate classifiers to participate in an interaction model to boost the success rate of results of their interactions. Coordinated participant classifiers who are recommended by the peer ranking algorithm become an ensemble classifier within J-model. We evaluated J-model’s classification performance with 13 UCI machine learning benchmark data sets and a virtual screening problem as a realistic classification problem. J-model showed better performance of accuracy, for 9 benchmark sets out of 13 data sets, than 8 other representative traditional ensemble methods. J-model gave better results of specificity for 7 benchmark sets. In the virtual screening problem, J-model gave better results for 12 out of 16 bioassays than already published results. We defined different interaction models for each specific classification task and the peer ranking algorithm was used across all the interaction models. Our research contributions to knowledge are as follows. First, we showed that service choreography can be an effective ensemble coordination method for classifiers in an open context. Second, we used interaction models that implement task specific coordinations of classifiers to solve a variety of representative classification problems. Third, we designed the peer ranking algorithm which is generally and independently applicable to the task of recommending appropriate member classifiers from a classifier pool based on an open pool of interaction models and classifiers.
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Spoleti, Giovanni. "Sviluppo di metodologie per la simulazione di scambiatori di calore per motori di ultima generazione." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5448/.

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La riduzione dei consumi energetici è una problematica che riguarda appieno il campo dell'autotrazione, a fronte delle misure sempre più stringenti per il taglio delle emissioni di anidride carbonica. A tal scopo, il recupero di energia dai gas di scarico tramite ciclo Rankine appare la soluzione più vantaggiosa, a fronte di onerosità e complessità affrontabili nel breve periodo. L'obiettivo della presente tesi di laurea è lo sviluppo di metodologie per la simulazione di scambiatori di calore bifase per un sistema a ciclo Rankine, utilizzato per il recupero di energia in un'autovettura. Lo svolgimento di test per la validazione dei modelli utilizzati, è risultato fondamentale al fine di ottenere il setup idoneo per la simulazione termofluidodinamica del componente oggetto di studio.
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Wu, Xiaohua. "Relative performance evaluation in executive compensation contracts." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/230764/1/Xiaohua_Wu_Thesis.pdf.

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The three-study thesis examines relative performance evaluation (RPE) in executive compensation contracts. Study 1 examines the determinants of RPE and finds that firms’ intra-industry performance ranking dictates the effective use of RPE in compensation contracts. Study 2 examines how executives achieve RPE performance targets and finds that peer firms’ analyst following facilitates executives’ achievement of RPE performance targets. Study 3 examines the consequences of RPE and finds that, in the presence of strong peers, firms shirk by providing less readable annual reports. The thesis significantly contributes to the literature, and has important practical implications for investors, practitioners, regulators and policymakers.
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Abrignani, Federico. "Cookgle, architettura a basso livello di un motore di ricerca per ricette culinarie." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.

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La realizzazione di un motore di ricerca per uno specifico ambito documentale comporta molte scelte. Questo documento intende esplicarne problemi riscontrati e soluzioni ottenute durante la realizzazione di un motore di ricerca per ricette culinarie. Questa dissertazione illustra il problema sia da un punto di vista architetturale che implementativo, in particolare, la tesi tratta sia del design pattern MVC, usato come base del progetto, che di algoritmi di stemming e ranking.
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Fragai, Marco. "Analisi e simulazione di un ciclo Rankine organico per il recupero di energia a bassa entalpia." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10691/.

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Questo lavoro è incentrato sull'analisi e la simulazione di un ciclo Rankine a fluido organico (ORC) per la produzione di energia da calore a bassa entalpia. Il lavoro è stato svolto in collaborazione con l'università di Gent, in Belgio, in particolare grazie al Prof. De Peape e all' Ing. Steven Lecompte; il lavoro in Italia è stato coordinato dal Prof. De Pascale. L'obiettivo principale della tesi è stata la creazione un modello computazionale in grado di descrivere le prestazioni dell'impianto a carico parziale. Ogni elemento dell'impianto è stato analizzato e modellizzato secondo un approccio di simulazione originale in Matlab. I componenti ottenuti sono stati poi combinati a formare la simulazione dell'intero sistema; questa è in grado di prevedere la potenza prodotta ed il rendimento del ciclo al variare delle condizioni esterne. I risultati ottenuti dalle simulazioni sono stati poi confrontati con i dati sperimentali raccolti sull'impianto di prova dell'Università. Questo confronto dimostra un buon accordo dei risultati previsti con quelli misurati. L'errore relativo massimo ottenuto per la potenza elettrica è sotto il 7%, così come quello sul rendimento; Gli errori relativi a pressione ed entalpie sono in genere sotto il 5%. Il modello può perciò dirsi validato e rappresenta un valido strumento di analisi per comprendere la risposta ai carichi parziali anche al di fuori del range di calibrazione. Il modello è stato infine utilizzato per costruire delle mappe del carico parziale e analizzare l'influenza delle variabili del ciclo. Ulteriori applicazioni delle mappe prodotte sono proposte a fine del lavoro.
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Mascioli, Marco. "Analisi di un sistema energetico per il recupero di cascami termici a medio-alta entalpia di tipo "dual-loop"." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18653/.

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Lo studio descritto in questa tesi riguarda l’analisi di diverse soluzioni di layout per lo sfruttamento di un cascame termico, al fine di produrre potenza elettrica. Questa sorgente di calore è rappresentata da una corrente di prodotti di combustione emessa da una turbina a gas, con temperatura superiore a 550 °C. Tale condizione ha indotto a prendere in considerazione innovative applicazioni della tecnologia ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle), da tempo impiegata nel mercato del recupero di calore, ma che trova il suo principale limite nella massima temperatura di esercizio dei fluidi di lavoro. Infatti, tradizionalmente gli impianti ORC sono adottati in abbinamento a sorgenti di calore con temperature inferiori a 500 °C, quindi il caso proposto in questo studio rappresenta una sfida per la tecnologia ORC e per i fluidi impiegati. Pertanto, all’interno di questa tesi viene mostrato un confronto, sia dal punto di vista prestazionale sia dal punto di vista di parametri attinenti al costo e alla complessità impiantistica, tra un sistema energetico di nuova concezione configurato con due cicli in cascata, che implementa la cosiddetta tecnologia VHT-ORC (Very High Temperature ORC), e altre soluzioni da più tempo disponibili sul mercato.
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Passeri, Federico. "Progettazione di un impianto orc per il recupero energetico da fumi." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9375/.

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Il crescente fabbisogno energetico mondiale, dovuto essenzialmente al rapido incremento di popolazione originatosi nel secolo scorso, unitamente alla necessità di ridurre le emissioni di anidride carbonica, porta a ricercare continuamente nuove fonti primarie di energia nonché metodi innovativi per il recupero di quest’ultima da materiali di scarto. I Cicli Rankine a fluido Organico (Organic Rankine Cycle) rappresentano in questo senso una tecnologia emergente capace di rivoluzionare il concetto di risparmio energetico. In questa tesi viene effettuato uno studio dettagliato della tecnologia ORC, che mira ad identificarne i principali vantaggi e le maggiori problematiche, con particolare riferimento ad un caso di studio concreto, riguardante l’installazione di un impianto di recupero energetico da fumi di combustione all’interno di uno stabilimento di produzione di nero di carbonio. Il cuore della tesi è rappresentato dall’individuazione e dall’analisi dettagliata delle alternative impiantistiche con cui il recupero energetico può essere realizzato. Per ognuna di esse, dopo una breve spiegazione, viene effettuato il calcolo dell’energia elettrica prodotta annualmente con l’ausilio un simulatore di processo. Successivamente vengono esposte le proposte ricevute dai fornitori interpellati per la fase di progettazione di base dell’impianto di recupero energetico. Nell’ultima parte della tesi viene presentata la simulazione fluidodinamica del camino di una delle linee di produzione dell’impianto di Ravenna, effettuata utilizzando un codice CFD e mirata alla verifica dell’effettiva quantità di calore recuperato dai fumi e dell’eventuale presenza di condense lungo la ciminiera. I risultati ottenuti mostrano che la tecnologia ORC, utilizzata per il recupero energetico in ambito industriale, possiede delle grosse potenzialità. La massimizzazione dei vantaggi derivanti dall’utilizzo di questi sistemi è tuttavia fortemente condizionata dalla capacità di gestire al meglio l’integrazione degli impianti di recupero all’interno dei processi produttivi esistenti.
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Books on the topic "Peer Rankings"

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Office, General Accounting. VA health care: Physician peer review identifies quality of care problems but actions to address them are limited : report to Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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Office, General Accounting. Bonneville Power Administration: Long-term fiscal challenges : [report to] the Honorable David L. Hobson, Chairman, the Honorable Peter J. Visclosly, Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 2003.

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Peach, Ken. Reviewing Research, Making Proposals and Evaluating Science. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796077.003.0011.

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This chapter focuses on the review process, the process of writing a proposal and the evaluation of science. The usual way that science is funded these days is through a proposal to a funding agency; if it satisfies peer review and there are sufficient resources available, it is then funded. Peer review is at the heart of academic life, and is used to assess research proposals, progress, publications and institutions. Peer review processes are discussed and, in light of this discussion, the art of proposal writing. The particular features of making fellowship proposals and preparing for an institutional review are described. In addition, several of the methods used for evaluating and ranking research and research institutions are reviewed, including the Research Assessment Exercise and the Research Excellence Framework.
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Newman, Mark. Network search. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805090.003.0018.

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This chapter gives a discussion of search processes on networks. It begins with a discussion of web search, including crawlers and web ranking algorithms such as PageRank. Search in distributed databases such as peer-to-peer networks is also discussed, including simple breadth-first search style algorithms and more advanced “supernode” approaches. Finally, network navigation is discussed at some length, motivated by consideration of Milgram's letter passing experiment. Kleinberg's variant of the small-world model is introduced and it is shown that efficient navigation is possible only for certain values of the model parameters. Similar results are also derived for the hierarchical model of Watts et al.
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Williams, Pat, and Michael Connelly. NBA List Jam!: The Most Authoritative and Opinionated Rankings from Doug Collins, Bob Ryan, Peter Vecsey, Jeanie Bu. Running Press, 2012.

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United States. General Accounting Office. and United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform., eds. File-sharing programs: Peer-to-peer networks provide ready access to child pornography : report to the chairman and ranking minority member, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2003.

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Brandolini, Andrea, and Giovanni Vecchi. Standards of Living. Edited by Gianni Toniolo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199936694.013.0008.

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The chapter describes the evolution of the Italians' well-being during the 150 years since the country's unification. The progress in material standard of living has been substantial, with GDP per capita growing thirteen times between 1861 and 2011 and hours of work (and hence effort) falling considerably, but roughly in line with that experienced by most other European countries. By relying on a novel database on household budgets, it is shown that economic growth has been accompanied by a long-run reduction of inequality that however appears to have been reversed in the last two decades. Progress has not been limited to the economic domain: educational attainment has improved considerably, although less than in other countries, and life expectancy has grown at a spectacular pace, allowing Italians to lead current international rankings.
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Piatkowski, Marcin. Will Poland’s Success Continue? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789345.003.0009.

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In this chapter I discuss Poland’s growth prospects and analyze long-term projections produced by international institutions. I argue that Poland should continue to grow and converge with the West at least until 2030 and achieve around 80 per cent of its level of income. This would be the highest relative level of income and quality of life in Poland’s history. The country’s true Golden Age would flourish. After 2030, however, convergence is likely to slow and might even reverse unless further reforms are implemented. I then discuss how much economists understand about what makes countries grow. I assert that we know much less than we think we know. I briefly review various challenges of moving from economic theory to economic practice. I also look at the pros and cons of international economic rankings, arguing that they play an important role by ‘naming and shaming’ countries into reforms, but their power is often overappreciated.
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University funding: Information on the role of peer review at NSF and NIH : fact sheet for the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1987.

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United States. General Accounting Office., United States. General Accounting Office. Health, Education, and Human Services Division., and United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs., eds. VA health care: Physician peer review identifies quality of care problems but actions to address them are limited : report to ranking minority member, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Peer Rankings"

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Bornmann, Lutz. "Peer Review and Bibliometric: Potentials and Problems." In University Rankings, 145–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1116-7_8.

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Pride, David, and Petr Knoth. "Peer Review and Citation Data in Predicting University Rankings, a Large-Scale Analysis." In Digital Libraries for Open Knowledge, 195–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00066-0_17.

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Papadopoulos, Pantelis M., Thomas Lagkas, and Stavros N. Demetriadis. "How Revealing Rankings Affects Student Attitude and Performance in a Peer Review Learning Environment." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 225–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29585-5_13.

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Korzun, Dmitry, and Andrei Gurtov. "Structural Ranking." In Structured Peer-to-Peer Systems, 267–87. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5483-0_10.

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Korzun, Dmitry, and Andrei Gurtov. "Local Ranking." In Structured Peer-to-Peer Systems, 133–66. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5483-0_6.

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Bhattacharjee, Sudip, Ram D. Gopal, James R. Marsden, and Rahul Telang. "A Survival Analysis of Albums on Ranking Charts." In Peer-to-Peer Video, 181–204. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76450-4_8.

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Tempich, Christoph, Alexander Löser, and Jörg Heizmann. "Community Based Ranking in Peer-to-Peer Networks." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1261–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11575801_21.

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Zhang, Qian, Zheng Liu, Xia Zhang, Xuezhi Wen, and Yu Sun. "A Novel Ranking Strategy in Hybrid Peer-to-Peer Networks." In Advances in Web-Age Information Management, 731–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11563952_72.

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Lu, Zhiguo, Bo Ling, Weining Qian, Wee Siong Ng, and Aoying Zhou. "A Distributed Ranking Strategy in Peer-to-Peer Based Information Retrieval Systems." In Advanced Web Technologies and Applications, 279–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24655-8_30.

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Langfeldt, Liv. "The Decision-Making Constraints and Processes of Grant Peer Review, and Their Effects on the Review Outcome." In Peer review in an Era of Evaluation, 297–326. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75263-7_13.

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AbstractWhen distributing grants, research councils use peer expertise as a guarantee for supporting the best projects. However, there are no clear norms for assessments, and there may be a large variation in what criteria reviewers emphasize – and how they are emphasized. The determinants of peer review may therefore be accidental, in the sense that who reviews what research and how reviews are organized may determine outcomes. This chapter deals with how the review process affects the outcome of grant review. It is a reprint of a study of the multitude of review procedures practiced in The Research Council of Norway (RCN) in the 1990s. While it is outdated as an empirical study of the RCN, it provides some general insights into the dynamics of grant review panels and the effects of different ways of organising the decision-making in the panels. Notably, it is still one of the few in-depth studies of grant review processes based on direct observation of panel meetings and full access to applications and review documents. A central finding is that rating scales and budget restrictions are more important than review guidelines for the kind of criteria applied by the reviewers. The decision-making methods applied by the review panels when ranking proposals are found to have substantial effects on the outcome. Some ranking methods tend to support uncontroversial and safe projects, whereas other methods give better chances for scholarly pluralism and controversial research.
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Conference papers on the topic "Peer Rankings"

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Xu, Yichong, Han Zhao, Xiaofei Shi, and Nihar B. Shah. "On Strategyproof Conference Peer Review." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/87.

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We consider peer review under a conference setting where there are conflicts between the reviewers and the submissions. Under such conflicts, reviewers can manipulate their reviews in a strategic manner to influence the final rankings of their own papers. Present-day peer-review systems are not designed to guard against such strategic behavior, beyond minimal (and insufficient) checks such as not assigning a paper to a conflicted reviewer. In this work, we address this problem through the lens of social choice, and present a theoretical framework for strategyproof and efficient peer review. Given the conflict graph which satisfies a simple property, we first present and analyze a flexible framework for reviewer-assignment and aggregation for the reviews that guarantees not only strategyproofness but also a natural efficiency property (unanimity). Our framework is based on the so-called partitioning method, and can be treated as a generalization of this type of method to conference peer review settings. We then empirically show that the requisite property on the (authorship) conflict graph is indeed satisfied in the ICLR-17 submissions data, and further demonstrate a simple trick to make the partitioning method more practically appealing under conference peer-review settings. Finally, we complement our positive results with negative theoretical results where we prove that under slightly stronger requirements, it is impossible for any algorithm to be both strategyproof and efficient.
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Papadopoulos, Pantelis M., and Thomas D. Lagkas. "Usage Data and Group Rankings in Peer Review Settings: A Case Study on Students' Behavior and Performance." In 2014 IEEE 14th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icalt.2014.92.

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Siu, Dexter Chi Wai, and Tak Pang Lau. "Distributed ranking over peer-to-peer networks." In the 13th international World Wide Web conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1013367.1013473.

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Merhav, Yuval, and Ophir Frieder. "On multiword entity ranking in peer-to-peer search." In the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1390334.1390542.

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Fu, Yongquan, and Yijie Wang. "iRank: Supporting Proximity Ranking for Peer-to-Peer Applications." In 2009 15th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpads.2009.19.

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Witschel, Hans F. "Ranking information resources in peer-to-peer text retrieval." In Proceeding of the 2008 ACM workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1458469.1458476.

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Samsudin, Ahmad Tajuddin, Nanna Suryana Herman, and Mat Kamil Awang. "The Ranking Peer for Hybrid Peer-to-Peer Real Time Video Streaming." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icact.2007.358440.

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Yan, Y., A. El-Atawy, and E. Al-Shaer. "Ranking-Based Optimal Resource Allocation in Peer-to-Peer Networks." In IEEE INFOCOM 2007 - 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2007.132.

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Fatih Emekci, O. D. Sahin, Divyakant Agrawal, and Amr El Abbadi. "A peer-to-peer framework for Web service discovery with ranking." In Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Web Services, 2004. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icws.2004.1314739.

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Muneesawang, Paisarn. "A re-ranking approach to video retrieval on the peer-to-peer network." In 2014 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieecon.2014.6925943.

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Reports on the topic "Peer Rankings"

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Dupas, Pascaline, Marcel Fafchamps, and Deivy Houeix. Measuring Relative Poverty through Peer Rankings: Evidence from Côte D’Ivoire. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29911.

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Berkhout, Emilie, Goldy Dharmawan, Amanda Beatty, Daniel Suryadarma, and Menno Pradhan. Who Benefits and Loses from Large Changes to Student Composition? Assessing Impacts of Lowering School Admissions Standards in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/094.

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We study the effects of an admission policy change that caused a massive shift in student composition in public and private junior secondary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In 2018, the primary criterion for admission into Yogyakarta’s 16 preferred, free public schools (grades 7-9) changed from a grade 6 exam score ranking to a neighborhood-to-school distance ranking. This policy change resulted in a decline in average grade 6 scores in public schools by 0.4 standard deviations (s.d.) and a 0.4 s.d. increase in private schools. We assessed learning impacts caused by the changed student composition by comparing two otherwise similar cohorts of students admitted before and after the policy change. Average grade 8 test scores across math and Indonesian declined by 0.08 s.d. (not significant). To understand which students throughout the education system gained and lost in terms of learning, we simulated public school access under the 2018 policy and its predecessor for both cohorts. In public schools, teachers attempted to adapt lessons to lower-scoring students by changing teaching approaches and tracking students. These responses and/or exposure to different peers negatively affected learning for students predicted to have access to public schools under both policies (-0.13 s.d., significant at the 10 percent level) and aided students with predicted public school access under the new policy slightly (0.12 s.d., not significant). These results are in contrast to existing literature which finds little or no impact from shifts in student composition on incumbent students’ learning. In private schools, we found no such adaptations and no effects on predicted incumbent students. However, students predicted to enter private schools under the new policy saw large negative effects (-0.24 s.d., significant), due to lower school quality and/or peer effects. Our results demonstrate that effects from high-performing, selective schools can be highly heterogenous and influenced by student composition.
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Berkhout, Emilie, Goldy Dharmawan, Amanda Beatty, Daniel Suryadarma, and Menno Pradhan. Who Benefits and Loses from Large Changes to Student Composition? Assessing Impacts of Lowering School Admissions Standards in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/094.

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We study the effects of an admission policy change that caused a massive shift in student composition in public and private junior secondary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In 2018, the primary criterion for admission into Yogyakarta’s 16 preferred, free public schools (grades 7-9) changed from a grade 6 exam score ranking to a neighborhood-to-school distance ranking. This policy change resulted in a decline in average grade 6 scores in public schools by 0.4 standard deviations (s.d.) and a 0.4 s.d. increase in private schools. We assessed learning impacts caused by the changed student composition by comparing two otherwise similar cohorts of students admitted before and after the policy change. Average grade 8 test scores across math and Indonesian declined by 0.08 s.d. (not significant). To understand which students throughout the education system gained and lost in terms of learning, we simulated public school access under the 2018 policy and its predecessor for both cohorts. In public schools, teachers attempted to adapt lessons to lower-scoring students by changing teaching approaches and tracking students. These responses and/or exposure to different peers negatively affected learning for students predicted to have access to public schools under both policies (-0.13 s.d., significant at the 10 percent level) and aided students with predicted public school access under the new policy slightly (0.12 s.d., not significant). These results are in contrast to existing literature which finds little or no impact from shifts in student composition on incumbent students’ learning. In private schools, we found no such adaptations and no effects on predicted incumbent students. However, students predicted to enter private schools under the new policy saw large negative effects (-0.24 s.d., significant), due to lower school quality and/or peer effects. Our results demonstrate that effects from high-performing, selective schools can be highly heterogenous and influenced by student composition.
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McNaught, Tim. A Problem-Driven Approach to Education Reform: The Story of Sobral in Brazil. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/039.

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For more than two decades, the Brazilian municipality of Sobral has focused intensively on improving the quality of its public education system; the resulting success has been remarkable. In 2005, the Brazilian federal government started calculating a Basic Education Development Index (IDEB in Portuguese), which measures the quality of education in schools across the country. In the inaugural results in 2005, 1,365 municipalities had a better score for primary education than Sobral. By 2017, Sobral made national news by ranking number one in the entire country for both primary and lower secondary education (Cruz and Loureiro, 2020). These results are even more impressive when considering that Sobral is located in the northeastern state of Ceará, which is the fifth poorest state in Brazil in terms of GDP per capita (Cruz and Loureiro, 2020). The case of Sobral exhibits many elements that are similar to Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA), an approach wherein problems are key to driving change (Andrews et al., 2015). The PDIA approach relies on reformers to identify problems that matter, break them down into their root causes, identify entry points, act, stop to reflect, and then iterate and adapt their way to a solution.1 This process of constant feedback and experimentation by local actors allows for the development of a solution that fits the local context. This paper explores the transformation of Sobral’s education system through the lens of PDIA2 , with an emphasis on the early reform period of 2000-2004. Many excellent papers have been written, in Portuguese and English, about the case of Sobral; this paper draws heavily on this existing literature.3 The paper is also supported by interviews from key individuals who either were closely involved with the reform efforts or have studied them. The paper follows the narrative of the Sobral story, starting in 1997, and uses boxes and other diagrams to view the reform efforts through the lens of PDIA. Finally, the paper explains how the reform efforts grew and scaled over the years, not only within Sobral, but also to other municipalities in Ceará and across Brazil.
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Sandford, Robert, Vladimir Smakhtin, Colin Mayfield, Hamid Mehmood, John Pomeroy, Chris Debeer, Phani Adapa, et al. Canada in the Global Water World: Analysis of Capabilities. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/vsgg2030.

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This report critically examines, for the first time, the capacity of Canada’s water sector with respect to meeting and helping other countries meet the water-related targets of the UN’s global sustainable development agenda. Several components of this capacity are examined, including water education and research, investment in water projects that Canada makes internally and externally, and experiences in water technology and governance. Analysis of the water education system suggests that there is a broad capability in institutions of higher learning in Canada to offer training in the diverse subject areas important in water. In most cases, however, this has not led to the establishment of specific water study programmes. Only a few universities provide integrated water education. There is a need for a comprehensive listing of water-related educational activities in universities and colleges — a useful resource for potential students and employers. A review of recent Canadian water research directions and highlights reveals strong and diverse water research capacity and placed the country among global leaders in this field. Canada appears to be within the top 10 countries in terms of water research productivity (publications) and research impact (citations). Research capacity has been traditionally strong in the restoration and protection of the lakes, prediction of changes in climate, water and cryosphere (areas where water is in solid forms such as ice and snow), prediction and management of floods and droughts. There is also a range of other strong water research directions. Canada is not among the top 10 global water aid donors in absolute dollar numbers; the forerunners are, as a rule, the countries with higher GDP per capita. Canadian investments in Africa water development were consistently higher over the years than investments in other regions of the global South. The contributions dropped significantly in recent years overall, also with a decline in aid flow to Africa. Given government support for the right business model and access to resources, there is significant capacity within the Canadian water sector to deliver water technology projects with effective sustainable outcomes for the developing world. The report recommends several potential avenues to elevate Canada’s role on the global water stage, i.e. innovative, diverse and specific approaches such as developing a national inventory of available water professional capacity, and ranking Universities on the strength of their water programmes coordinating national contributions to global sustainability processes around the largest ever university-led water research programme in the world – the 7-year Global Water Futures program targeting specific developmental or regional challenges through overseas development aid to achieve quick wins that may require only modest investments resolving such chronic internal water challenges as water supply and sanitation of First Nations, and illustrating how this can be achieved within a limited period with good will strengthening and expanding links with UN-Water and other UN organisations involved in global water policy work To improve water management at home, and to promote water Canadian competence abroad, the diverse efforts of the country’s water sector need better coordination. There is a significant role for government at all levels, but especially federally, in this process.
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Holland, Darren, and Nazmina Mahmoudzadeh. Foodborne Disease Estimates for the United Kingdom in 2018. Food Standards Agency, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.squ824.

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In February 2020 the FSA published two reports which produced new estimates of foodborne norovirus cases. These were the ‘Norovirus Attribution Study’ (NoVAS study) (O’Brien et al., 2020) and the accompanying internal FSA technical review ‘Technical Report: Review of Quantitative Risk Assessment of foodborne norovirus transmission’ (NoVAS model review), (Food Standards Agency, 2020). The NoVAS study produced a Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment model (QMRA) to estimate foodborne norovirus. The NoVAS model review considered the impact of using alternative assumptions and other data sources on these estimates. From these two pieces of work, a revised estimate of foodborne norovirus was produced. The FSA has therefore updated its estimates of annual foodborne disease to include these new results and also to take account of more recent data related to other pathogens. The estimates produced include: •Estimates of GP presentations and hospital admissions for foodbornenorovirus based on the new estimates of cases. The NoVAS study onlyproduced estimates for cases. •Estimates of foodborne cases, GP presentations and hospital admissions for12 other pathogens •Estimates of unattributed cases of foodborne disease •Estimates of total foodborne disease from all pathogens Previous estimates An FSA funded research project ‘The second study of infectious intestinal disease in the community’, published in 2012 and referred to as the IID2 study (Tam et al., 2012), estimated that there were 17 million cases of infectious intestinal disease (IID) in 2009. These include illness caused by all sources, not just food. Of these 17 million cases, around 40% (around 7 million) could be attributed to 13 known pathogens. These pathogens included norovirus. The remaining 60% of cases (equivalent to 10 million cases) were unattributed cases. These are cases where the causal pathogen is unknown. Reasons for this include the causal pathogen was not tested for, the test was not sensitive enough to detect the causal pathogen or the pathogen is unknown to science. A second project ‘Costed extension to the second study of infectious intestinal disease in the community’, published in 2014 and known as IID2 extension (Tam, Larose and O’Brien, 2014), estimated that there were 566,000 cases of foodborne disease per year caused by the same 13 known pathogens. Although a proportion of the unattributed cases would also be due to food, no estimate was provided for this in the IID2 extension. New estimates We estimate that there were 2.4 million cases of foodborne disease in the UK in 2018 (95% credible intervals 1.8 million to 3.1 million), with 222,000 GP presentations (95% Cred. Int. 150,000 to 322,000) and 16,400 hospital admissions (95% Cred. Int. 11,200 to 26,000). Of the estimated 2.4 million cases, 0.9 million (95% Cred. Int. 0.7 million to 1.2 million) were from the 13 known pathogens included in the IID2 extension and 1.4 million1 (95% Cred. Int. 1.0 million to 2.0 million) for unattributed cases. Norovirus was the pathogen with the largest estimate with 383,000 cases a year. However, this estimate is within the 95% credible interval for Campylobacter of 127,000 to 571,000. The pathogen with the next highest number of cases was Clostridium perfringens with 85,000 (95% Cred. Int. 32,000 to 225,000). While the methodology used in the NoVAS study does not lend itself to producing credible intervals for cases of norovirus, this does not mean that there is no uncertainty in these estimates. There were a number of parameters used in the NoVAS study which, while based on the best science currently available, were acknowledged to have uncertain values. Sensitivity analysis undertaken as part of the study showed that changes to the values of these parameters could make big differences to the overall estimates. Campylobacter was estimated to have the most GP presentations with 43,000 (95% Cred. Int. 19,000 to 76,000) followed by norovirus with 17,000 (95% Cred. Int. 11,000 to 26,000) and Clostridium perfringens with 13,000 (95% Cred. Int. 6,000 to 29,000). For hospital admissions Campylobacter was estimated to have 3,500 (95% Cred. Int. 1,400 to 7,600), followed by norovirus 2,200 (95% Cred. Int. 1,500 to 3,100) and Salmonella with 2,100 admissions (95% Cred. Int. 400 to 9,900). As many of these credible intervals overlap, any ranking needs to be undertaken with caution. While the estimates provided in this report are for 2018 the methodology described can be applied to future years.
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