Relevant bibliographies by topics / Peer problem

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Peer problem'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Peer problem"

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LI, KEQIN. "PROBING HIGH-CAPACITY PEERS TO REDUCE DOWNLOAD TIMES IN P2P FILE SHARING SYSTEMS WITH STOCHASTIC SERVICE CAPACITIES." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 23, no. 06 (September 2012): 1341–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054112500189.

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The main problem for an individual user peer in a peer-to-peer network with heterogeneous source peers is the peer selection problem, namely, switching among source peers and finally settling on one, while keeping the total time of probing and downloading to a minimum. There has been little investigation on selecting source peers with stochastic service capacities. The main contribution of this paper is to address the problem of reducing download times in peer-to-peer file sharing systems with stochastic service capacities. A precise analysis of the expected download time is given when the service capacity of a source peer is a random variable. A chunk-based switching and peer selection algorithm using the method of probing high-capacity peers is proposed and the expected download time of the algorithm is analyzed. Two subproblems of the optimal choice of the threshold of high-capacity source peers and the optimal order of probing are also solved. The performance of the algorithm is compared with the random chunk-based switching method. It is shown that noticeable performance improvement can be obtained.
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Wardhani, Putri, and Nynda Fatmawati Octarina. "Optional problem solving in peer-to-peer lending." Ekspose: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum dan Pendidikan 21, no. 2 (December 16, 2022): 1407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30863/ekspose.v21i2.3320.

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This study aims to find alternative solutions to peer-to-peer lending problems. This study uses a normative juridical approach. The data collection technique used is documentation technique (scientific journal articles related to peer-to-peer lending). The data analysis technique used is analytical descriptive analysis regarding default settlement options in peer-to-peer lending. The results of this study indicate that alternative solutions for solving peer-to-peer lending problems are based on Article 21 POJK No. 77/POJK.01/2016 the parties are required to mitigate risks through litigation channels, namely by going to court on the basis of default (Article 1243 Civil Code) made by the recipient of the loan; and the non-litigation route, namely through mediation because mediation efforts are included in the substance of the law (Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution).
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Syaputra, Yogi Damai, and Monalisa Monalisa. "Deskripsi Motivasi Siswa untuk Mengikuti Konseling Teman Sebaya Di SMA Negeri 1 Sungayang." Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Terapan 2, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbkt.v2i2.374.

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Adolescence is a time of self-discovery, one of the efforts made to achieve the identity of teenagers can be pursued with the achievement of a mature relationship with peers. Teenagers spend more time with their peers. Peer execution is very urgent in determining attitudes and behavior, as teenagers strive to be free from family and not dependent on their parents, so that any problems they face will be more likely to share the problem with their peers. Peer counseling is an activity of mutual care and interpersonal mutual assistance among fellow students that take place in everyday life, using active listening skills and problem-solving skills in equal position among peers. In SMA 1 Sungayang some students have attended peer counseling, one time, twice or even four times in peer counseling. This study aims to reveal the level of student motivation in following peer counseling. This research uses quantitative descriptive method, with 76 research sample students. Data obtained through questionnaire, then continued with interpretation of data or process of interpreting data. The results of this study revealed that the motivation of students to follow peer counseling activities belong to the high category.
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Syaputra, Yogi Damai, and Monalisa Lisa. "Motivasi Siswa dalam Mengikuti Konseling Teman Sebaya di SMAN 1 Sungayang." Jurnal Counseling Care 2, no. 1 (September 8, 2018): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/jcc.2018.v2i1.2858.

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Adolescence is a time of self-discovery, one of the efforts made to achieve the identity of teenagers can be pursued with the achievement of a mature relationship with peers. Teenagers spend more time with their peers. Peer execution is very urgent in determining attitudes and behavior, as teenagers strive to be free from family and not dependent on their parents, so that any problems they face will be more likely to share the problem with their peers. Peer counseling is an activity of mutual care and interpersonal mutual assistance among fellow students that take place in everyday life, using active listening skills and problem-solving skills in equal position among peers. In SMA 1 Sungayang some students have attended peer counseling, one time, twice or even four times in peer counseling. This study aims to reveal the level of student motivation in following peer counseling. This research uses quantitative descriptive method, with 76 research sample (SeventySix) students. Data obtained through questionnaire, then continued with interpretation of data or process of interpreting data. The results of this study revealed that the motivation of students to follow peer counseling activities belong to the high category
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LAIRD, ROBERT D., KRISTI Y. JORDAN, KENNETH A. DODGE, GREGORY S. PETTIT, and JOHN E. BATES. "Peer rejection in childhood, involvement with antisocial peers in early adolescence, and the development of externalizing behavior problems." Development and Psychopathology 13, no. 2 (May 16, 2001): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579401002085.

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A longitudinal, prospective design was used to examine the roles of peer rejection in middle childhood and antisocial peer involvement in early adolescence in the development of adolescent externalizing behavior problems. Both early starter and late starter pathways were considered. Classroom sociometric interviews from ages 6 through 9 years, adolescent reports of peers' behavior at age 13 years, and parent, teacher, and adolescent self-reports of externalizing behavior problems from age 5 through 14 years were available for 400 adolescents. Results indicate that experiencing peer rejection in elementary school and greater involvement with antisocial peers in early adolescence are correlated but that these peer relationship experiences may represent two different pathways to adolescent externalizing behavior problems. Peer rejection experiences, but not involvement with antisocial peers, predict later externalizing behavior problems when controlling for stability in externalizing behavior. Externalizing problems were most common when rejection was experienced repeatedly. Early externalizing problems did not appear to moderate the relation between peer rejection and later problem behavior. Discussion highlights multiple pathways connecting externalizing behavior problems from early childhood through adolescence with peer relationship experiences in middle childhood and early adolescence.
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Farmer, Thomas W., Richard M. Van Acker, Ruth Pearl, and Philip C. Rodkin. "Social Networks and Peer-Assessed Problem Behavior in Elementary Classrooms." Remedial and Special Education 20, no. 4 (July 1999): 244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074193259902000408.

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Peer-assessed problem behavior was examined in relation to peer group membership and social network centrality (social prominence) in 59 fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade classes. Differences among students with and without disabilities were explored. Peer assessments for Starts Fights, Gets in Trouble, and Disruptive were used to identify students with high levels of problem behavior. Students with high peer-assessed problem behavior tended to associate with peers who shared their behavioral features, and they were as socially prominent as students with low problem behavior. Most students with high peer-assessed problem behavior were students without disabilities, but students with disabilities were overrepresented at the highest levels of problem behavior. Within prominent problem behavior peer groups, students without disabilities tended to have higher prominence than students with disabilities. Implications for school services are discussed.
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Aydin, M. Asli, and Z. Caner Taşkin. "Decentralized decomposition algorithms for peer-to-peer linear optimization." RAIRO - Operations Research 54, no. 6 (September 16, 2020): 1835–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2019097.

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We propose Decentralized Benders Decomposition and Decentralized Dantzig–Wolfe Decomposition algorithms for large-scale block angular linear programming problems. Our methods allow multiple peer decision makers to cooperate with the aim of solving the problem without the need of a central coordination mechanism. Instead we achieve cooperation by partial information sharing across a strongly connected communication network. Our main goal is to design decentralized solution approaches for decision makers who are unwilling to disclose their local data, but want to solve the global problem collaboratively for mutual benefit. We prove that our proposed methods reach global optimality in a finite number of iterations. We confirm our theoretical results with computational experiments.
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Wang, April Yi, Yan Chen, John Joon Young Chung, Christopher Brooks, and Steve Oney. "PuzzleMe: Leveraging Peer Assessment for In-Class Programming Exercises." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (October 13, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479559.

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Peer assessment, as a form of collaborative learning, can engage students in active learning and improve their learning gains. However, current teaching platforms and programming environments provide little support to integrate peer assessment for in-class programming exercises. We identified challenges in conducting such exercises and adopting peer assessment through formative interviews with instructors of introductory programming courses. To address these challenges, we introduce PuzzleMe, a tool to help Computer Science instructors to conduct engaging in-class programming exercises. PuzzleMe leverages peer assessment to support a collaboration model where students provide timely feedback on their peers' work. We propose two assessment techniques tailored to in-class programming exercises: live peer testing and live peer code review. Live peer testing can improve students' code robustness by allowing them to create and share lightweight tests with peers. Live peer code review can improve code understanding by intelligently grouping students to maximize meaningful code reviews. A two-week deployment study revealed that PuzzleMe encourages students to write useful test cases, identify code problems, correct misunderstandings, and learn a diverse set of problem-solving approaches from peers.
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Raappana, Antti, Kimmo Kurki, Fernand Schoppig, and Barry Gillman. "Fixing the Peer Group Problem." CFA Institute Magazine 28, no. 2 (June 2017): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/cfm.v28.n2.7.

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Li, Shiyong, Wei Sun, Cheng-Guo E, and Lina Shi. "A scheme of resource allocation and stability for peer–to–peer file–sharing networks." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 707–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amcs-2016-0049.

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Abstract Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks offer a cost-effective and easily deployable framework for sharing content. However, P2P file-sharing applications face a fundamental problem of unfairness. Pricing is regarded as an effective way to provide incentives to peers to cooperate. In this paper we propose a pricing scheme to achieve reasonable resource allocation in P2P file-sharing networks, and give an interpretation for the utility maximization problem and its sub-problems from an economic point of view. We also deduce the exact expression of optimal resource allocation for each peer, and confirm it with both simulation and optimization software. In order to realize the optimum in a decentralized architecture, we present a novel price-based algorithm and discuss its stability based on Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm can attain an optimum within reasonable convergence times.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peer problem"

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Fulton, Diane. "Peer mediation : conflict resolution or problem management?" Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24079.

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The purpose of this study is to describe and provide a critical review of a program called peer mediation currently adapted by a Montreal Area Anglophone School Board or MAASB. This program was implemented to address the growing incidence of violence and conflict within MAASB high schools. This study focuses on the objectives that the MAASB established in addressing the problem of violence in their high schools and the peer mediation programs' ability to meet these objectives based on the claims it purports to. Described and examined in this study is the setting in which peer mediation becomes a suitable "response" to conflict and violence in high schools and including: the role and responsibilities of schools; some of the sources and causes of violence; some of the challenges facing adolescents; and the links between violence as the problem, peer mediation as a possible solution, and the role schools play to make this happen. Of specific interest and addressed in this study is whether or not the peer mediation program is resolving violence and conflict at the source, or if the program serves primarily as problem management. Following a qualitative approach to research, observation and interviews were conducted using semi-structured and open-ended methods. This study also includes some recommendations for further research.
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Grillini, Matteo. "Il peer tutoring come strumento per lo sviluppo del problem solving in matematica." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18531/.

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L’educazione fra pari o peer education è una delle modalità di insegnamento che meglio si sposa con la didattica inclusiva. Nella tesi si vuole elaborare un’attività di peer tutoring rivolta allo sviluppo del problem solving in matematica. Nel mondo di oggi la capacità di sfruttare le proprie conoscenze per affrontare problemi nuovi e situazioni non standard si rivela fondamentale, perciò proporre un’attività agli studenti che sviluppi il problem solving è molto utile e usare la modalità dell’educazione fra pari permette di coinvolgere gli studenti. La tesi si articola su quattro capitoli: nel primo si propone una breve panoramica storica sull’educazione fra pari, segue un’analisi di questa modalità di insegnamento con un focus sul peer tutoring e sulla matematica. Nel secondo capitolo viene presentata l’Alternanza scuola-lavoro: dopo una breve panoramica storica si mostra come la sua nuova accezione permetta una stretta collaborazione fra università e scuole secondarie di secondo grado; si evidenzia ciò tramite la presentazione di un progetto dell’università di Bologna finalizzato a ottimizzare i propri rapporti con le scuole secondarie. Nel terzo capitolo si analizzano, sfruttando le lenti teoriche presentate nel primo capitolo, le attività disciplinari in essere nei licei scientifici statali di Bologna e si presenta una iniziativa di natura non disciplinare focalizzata alla prevenzione sanitaria. Nel quarto capitolo vengono proposti gli studi di Kohler e Polya sul problem solving e si propone, alla luce di quanto emerso nei capitoli precedenti, un’attività di peer tutoring incentrata sullo sviluppo della competenza di problem solving in matematica.
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Smith, Benjamin William. "Problem behavior within the context of peer delivered consequences /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9986761.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-157). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Lu, Chengye. "Peer to peer English/Chinese cross-language information retrieval." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/26444/1/Chengye_Lu_Thesis.pdf.

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Peer to peer systems have been widely used in the internet. However, most of the peer to peer information systems are still missing some of the important features, for example cross-language IR (Information Retrieval) and collection selection / fusion features. Cross-language IR is the state-of-art research area in IR research community. It has not been used in any real world IR systems yet. Cross-language IR has the ability to issue a query in one language and receive documents in other languages. In typical peer to peer environment, users are from multiple countries. Their collections are definitely in multiple languages. Cross-language IR can help users to find documents more easily. E.g. many Chinese researchers will search research papers in both Chinese and English. With Cross-language IR, they can do one query in Chinese and get documents in two languages. The Out Of Vocabulary (OOV) problem is one of the key research areas in crosslanguage information retrieval. In recent years, web mining was shown to be one of the effective approaches to solving this problem. However, how to extract Multiword Lexical Units (MLUs) from the web content and how to select the correct translations from the extracted candidate MLUs are still two difficult problems in web mining based automated translation approaches. Discovering resource descriptions and merging results obtained from remote search engines are two key issues in distributed information retrieval studies. In uncooperative environments, query-based sampling and normalized-score based merging strategies are well-known approaches to solve such problems. However, such approaches only consider the content of the remote database but do not consider the retrieval performance of the remote search engine. This thesis presents research on building a peer to peer IR system with crosslanguage IR and advance collection profiling technique for fusion features. Particularly, this thesis first presents a new Chinese term measurement and new Chinese MLU extraction process that works well on small corpora. An approach to selection of MLUs in a more accurate manner is also presented. After that, this thesis proposes a collection profiling strategy which can discover not only collection content but also retrieval performance of the remote search engine. Based on collection profiling, a web-based query classification method and two collection fusion approaches are developed and presented in this thesis. Our experiments show that the proposed strategies are effective in merging results in uncooperative peer to peer environments. Here, an uncooperative environment is defined as each peer in the system is autonomous. Peer like to share documents but they do not share collection statistics. This environment is a typical peer to peer IR environment. Finally, all those approaches are grouped together to build up a secure peer to peer multilingual IR system that cooperates through X.509 and email system.
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Lu, Chengye. "Peer to peer English/Chinese cross-language information retrieval." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/26444/.

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Peer to peer systems have been widely used in the internet. However, most of the peer to peer information systems are still missing some of the important features, for example cross-language IR (Information Retrieval) and collection selection / fusion features. Cross-language IR is the state-of-art research area in IR research community. It has not been used in any real world IR systems yet. Cross-language IR has the ability to issue a query in one language and receive documents in other languages. In typical peer to peer environment, users are from multiple countries. Their collections are definitely in multiple languages. Cross-language IR can help users to find documents more easily. E.g. many Chinese researchers will search research papers in both Chinese and English. With Cross-language IR, they can do one query in Chinese and get documents in two languages. The Out Of Vocabulary (OOV) problem is one of the key research areas in crosslanguage information retrieval. In recent years, web mining was shown to be one of the effective approaches to solving this problem. However, how to extract Multiword Lexical Units (MLUs) from the web content and how to select the correct translations from the extracted candidate MLUs are still two difficult problems in web mining based automated translation approaches. Discovering resource descriptions and merging results obtained from remote search engines are two key issues in distributed information retrieval studies. In uncooperative environments, query-based sampling and normalized-score based merging strategies are well-known approaches to solve such problems. However, such approaches only consider the content of the remote database but do not consider the retrieval performance of the remote search engine. This thesis presents research on building a peer to peer IR system with crosslanguage IR and advance collection profiling technique for fusion features. Particularly, this thesis first presents a new Chinese term measurement and new Chinese MLU extraction process that works well on small corpora. An approach to selection of MLUs in a more accurate manner is also presented. After that, this thesis proposes a collection profiling strategy which can discover not only collection content but also retrieval performance of the remote search engine. Based on collection profiling, a web-based query classification method and two collection fusion approaches are developed and presented in this thesis. Our experiments show that the proposed strategies are effective in merging results in uncooperative peer to peer environments. Here, an uncooperative environment is defined as each peer in the system is autonomous. Peer like to share documents but they do not share collection statistics. This environment is a typical peer to peer IR environment. Finally, all those approaches are grouped together to build up a secure peer to peer multilingual IR system that cooperates through X.509 and email system.
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Foot, T. "The influence of peer interaction in micro-computer based problem-solving." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374863.

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Hunter, Tracey A., and n/a. "A Longitudinal Path Model of Children's Depression and Externalising Problems as Outcomes of Behaviours, Peer Rejection, and Peer-Related Attributions and Perceptions." Griffith University. School of Psychology, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060309.114836.

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A model of social behaviours, peer rejection, social cognitions and psychosocial outcomes in children aged 9 to 12 was investigated. Two studies, including one pilot study (Study 1) and a longitudinal study with two waves and a 6-month lag between assessments (Study 2A and Study 2B), were conducted to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships pertaining to the antecedents and consequences of peer rejection as children approach adolescence. In Study 1, perceptions of relationships, peer-related attributions, and depressive symptoms were examined as consequences of peer rejection among 208 Grade 5 and 6 children aged 9 to 11 from one primary school. The findings from this study indicated that social cognitions play a partial mediating role linking peer rejection to depressive symptoms. The interaction between peer rejection and social cognitions did not contribute to the prediction of depressive symptoms, therefore a diathesis-stress model of depression was not supported. Study 2A and 2B were cross-sectional and longitudinal examinations of Study 1. A model of social behaviours, peer rejection, social cognitions and children's functioning was proposed and tested. In these studies, perceptions of relationships and perceived social acceptance were indicators of social cognitions. Participants were 334 Grade 5 to 7 children mostly aged 9 to 12, with 308 participants completing both assessments of the longitudinal study. Results of Study 2A provided further support for the mediating role of social cognitions between peer rejection and depressive symptoms. Positive associations between peer rejection, relational aggression and withdrawal, and a negative association between peer rejection and prosocial behaviour were also found. Significant associations of externalising behaviour with physical aggression and peer rejection were also found, suggesting separate pathways to depression and externalising behaviour via children's behaviours and peer rejection. In the longitudinal study, earlier relational aggression and withdrawal were associated with later peer rejection. No support for a longitudinal mediation effect for social cognitions in the peer rejection-depression relationship was observed, although a bidirectional association between social cognitions and depressive symptoms over time was found. Gender differences and moderation were also tested, but few effects were found. It was concluded that children's cognitions regarding peer relationships and perceived social acceptance are important factors in understanding the pathways from peer difficulties to depression during late childhood. Furthermore, evidence was found for specific pathways linking children's social behaviours to depression and externalising behaviour. Implications for theory, research and practice are discussed, including the importance of considering the child's perceptions of their peer functioning as well as actual peer status, and the need for future research to examine social cognitive factors relevant to aggression as well as withdrawal. Possible directions for targeted interventions are also described.
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Hunter, Tracey A. "A Longitudinal Path Model of Children's Depression and Externalising Problems as Outcomes of Behaviours, Peer Rejection, and Peer-Related Attributions and Perceptions." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366979.

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A model of social behaviours, peer rejection, social cognitions and psychosocial outcomes in children aged 9 to 12 was investigated. Two studies, including one pilot study (Study 1) and a longitudinal study with two waves and a 6-month lag between assessments (Study 2A and Study 2B), were conducted to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships pertaining to the antecedents and consequences of peer rejection as children approach adolescence. In Study 1, perceptions of relationships, peer-related attributions, and depressive symptoms were examined as consequences of peer rejection among 208 Grade 5 and 6 children aged 9 to 11 from one primary school. The findings from this study indicated that social cognitions play a partial mediating role linking peer rejection to depressive symptoms. The interaction between peer rejection and social cognitions did not contribute to the prediction of depressive symptoms, therefore a diathesis-stress model of depression was not supported. Study 2A and 2B were cross-sectional and longitudinal examinations of Study 1. A model of social behaviours, peer rejection, social cognitions and children's functioning was proposed and tested. In these studies, perceptions of relationships and perceived social acceptance were indicators of social cognitions. Participants were 334 Grade 5 to 7 children mostly aged 9 to 12, with 308 participants completing both assessments of the longitudinal study. Results of Study 2A provided further support for the mediating role of social cognitions between peer rejection and depressive symptoms. Positive associations between peer rejection, relational aggression and withdrawal, and a negative association between peer rejection and prosocial behaviour were also found. Significant associations of externalising behaviour with physical aggression and peer rejection were also found, suggesting separate pathways to depression and externalising behaviour via children's behaviours and peer rejection. In the longitudinal study, earlier relational aggression and withdrawal were associated with later peer rejection. No support for a longitudinal mediation effect for social cognitions in the peer rejection-depression relationship was observed, although a bidirectional association between social cognitions and depressive symptoms over time was found. Gender differences and moderation were also tested, but few effects were found. It was concluded that children's cognitions regarding peer relationships and perceived social acceptance are important factors in understanding the pathways from peer difficulties to depression during late childhood. Furthermore, evidence was found for specific pathways linking children's social behaviours to depression and externalising behaviour. Implications for theory, research and practice are discussed, including the importance of considering the child's perceptions of their peer functioning as well as actual peer status, and the need for future research to examine social cognitive factors relevant to aggression as well as withdrawal. Possible directions for targeted interventions are also described.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
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Lai, Kin-Yi, and 黎建儀. "Effect of peer guided questioning on the problem based learning approach of IES." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/b44383757.

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Morganstein, Tamara. "Peer relations and self-perceptions of boys with behavioral problems." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37787.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of three interventions on boys' peer relationships, self-perceptions, and undesirable behavior. In addition, boys' perceptions were compared to those of parents' and teachers'. Participants included parents and teachers of 29 students who were exhibiting aggression, noncompliance, or both. Schools were randomly assigned to one of three interventions: conjoint behavioral consultation (CBC), self-administered videotape therapy (VT), or conjoint behavioral consultation plus videotape therapy (CBC+VT). The three interventions improved boys' social interactions both directly and indirectly. CBC, VT, and CBC+VT impacted boys directly by reducing their aggressive and noncompliant behaviors, allowing them to get along better with peers. The interventions affected boys' friendships in an indirect manner by (a) improving parental awareness regarding the importance of children interacting with same age, same sex peers, (b) made parents more at ease about letting their sons play at friends' houses; and (c) reduced undesirable parental behavior which in turn modified the children's conduct with peers. At postintervention, boys perceived themselves more positively and exhibited fewer behavior difficulties. Moderate correlations were found between boys' and parents' perceptions of students' peer acceptance at preintervention (r = .545) and postintervention (r = .529). Findings are discussed in terms of the implications for school psychologists who work with students with behavioral difficulties.
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Books on the topic "Peer problem"

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Rauer, Sylvia. Henrik Ibsens "Peer Gynt" als szenisches Problem: Zur Bühnenbildgeschichte eines "Lesedramas". Regensburg: S. Roderer, 1991.

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Rauer, Sylvia. Henrik Ibsens "Peer Gynt" als szenisches Problem: Zur Bühnenbildgeschichte eines "Lesedramas". Regensburg: S. Roderer, 1994.

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Laredo Independent School District (Tex.). STOPS: Students taking on problem solving. Laredo, TX: The District, 1995.

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Newton, Colin. Creating circles of friends: A peer support and inclusion workbook. 2nd ed. [Nottingham]: Inclusive Solutions UK Limited, 2003.

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PPR, peer pressure reversal: An adult guide to developing a responsible child. Amherst, Mass: Human Resource Development Press, 1985.

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Everything you need to know about peer mediation. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1997.

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Everything you need to know about peer mediation. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 2001.

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Lynne, Parsons, ed. Teamwork in the management of emotional and behavioural difficulties: Developing peer support systems for teachers in mainstream and special schools. London: David Fulton, 2000.

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Potter, Granville Bud. The EQUIP implementation guide: Teaching youth to think and act responsibly through a peer-helping approach. Champaign, Ill: Research Press, 2001.

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Preference organisation and peer disputes: How young children resolve conflict. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Peer problem"

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Laredo, Juan L. J., Agoston E. Eiben, Maarten van Steen, and Juan J. Merelo. "On the Run-Time Dynamics of a Peer-to-Peer Evolutionary Algorithm." In Parallel Problem Solving from Nature – PPSN X, 236–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87700-4_24.

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Jelasity, Márk, Mike Preuβ, and A. E. Eiben. "Operator Learning for a Problem Class in a Distributed Peer-to-Peer Environment." In Parallel Problem Solving from Nature — PPSN VII, 172–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45712-7_17.

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Xiong, Wenting, and Diane Litman. "Identifying Problem Localization in Peer-Review Feedback." In Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 429–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13437-1_93.

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Merz, Peter, and Steffen Wolf. "Evolutionary Local Search for Designing Peer-to-Peer Overlay Topologies Based on Minimum Routing Cost Spanning Trees." In Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN IX, 272–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11844297_28.

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Rose-Krasnor, Linda. "Observational Assessment of Social Problem Solving." In Children’s Peer Relations: Issues in Assessment and Intervention, 57–74. New York, NY: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6325-5_4.

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Davies, Hayley. "Problem-Solving Processes in Friendships and Peer Relationships." In Understanding Children’s Personal Lives and Relationships, 155–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137030078_7.

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Amad, Mourad, Djamil Aïssani, Ahmed Meddahi, and Abdelmalek Boudries. "A Pragmatic and Scalable Solution for Free Riding Problem in Peer to Peer Networks." In Modeling Approaches and Algorithms for Advanced Computer Applications, 135–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00560-7_18.

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Lin, Min-Huei, Ming-Puu Chen, and Ching-Fan Chen. "Exploring Peer Scaffolding Opportunities on Experiential Problem Solving Learning." In Computational Collective Intelligence. Technologies and Applications, 572–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40495-5_57.

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Kaniadakis, Antonios, Chiga Hayakawa, and Anna Farmaki. "Airbnb host responsibilities and community resilience: the case of Japan." In Peer-to-peer accommodation and community resilience: implications for sustainable development, 30–39. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789246605.0003.

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Abstract In Japan, the shortage of accommodation facilities has become a concern due to the increasing number of tourists. In light of the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games (moved to 2021 due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic), this problem is likely to escalate and raises the need for the authorities to deal with the temporary influx of tourists. Private lodging emerges as a possible solution to this problem and also as a way to revitalize regions and repopulate vacant houses. Considering the Private Lodging Business Act recently established in Japan, this chapter explores Airbnb hosts' perceptions of their responsibilities. This leads to an increase in our understanding of the associated implications of these hosts' practice on the resilience of the local community. Drawing from semi-structured interviews with 16 Japanese hosts, we reveal insights on hosts' perceived responsibilities in the peer-to-peer accommodation context and how hosts and platforms can contribute to community resilience.
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Weissberg, Roger P. "Designing Effective Social Problem-Solving Programs for the Classroom." In Children’s Peer Relations: Issues in Assessment and Intervention, 225–42. New York, NY: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6325-5_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Peer problem"

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Wolinsky, D. I., P. St. Juste, P. O. Boykin, and R. Figueiredo. "Addressing the P2P Bootstrap Problem for Small Overlay Networks." In 2010 IEEE Tenth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2P). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/p2p.2010.5569960.

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Rui-ping, Xie, and Zhang Zhen-zhen. "Legal Problem and Countermeasure of Peer-to-Peer Networks." In 2008 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering (ICIII). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciii.2008.97.

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Lareida, Andri, Tobias Hossfeld, and Burkhard Stiller. "The BitTorrent Peer Collector Problem." In 2017 IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network and Service Management (IM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/inm.2017.7987311.

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Ramabhadran, Sriram, and Joseph Pasquale. "A Resource Allocation Problem in Replicated Peer-to-Peer Storage Systems." In 2007 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdps.2007.370651.

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Nguyen, The Tung, Didier El Baz, Pierre Spiteri, Guillaume Jourjon, and Ming Chau. "High performance Peer-to-Peer distributed computing with application to obstacle problem." In 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed Processing, Workshops and Phd Forum (IPDPSW 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdpsw.2010.5470930.

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Eberhard, Michael, Tibor Szkaliczki, Hermann Hellwagner, László Szobonya, and Christian Timmerer. "Knapsack problem-based piece-picking algorithms for layered content in peer-to-peer networks." In the 2010 ACM workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1877891.1877908.

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Mickulicz, Nathan D., and Priya Narasimhan. "Performance-Aware Wi-Fi Problem Diagnosis and Mitigation through Peer-to-Peer Data Sharing." In 2020 50th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks - Supplemental Volume (DSN-S). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsn-s50200.2020.00020.

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Miao, Tian, and Tian Bing-jie. "Application of Peer Education in the Freshman Adaptability Problem." In 2015 Conference on Informatization in Education, Management and Business (IEMB-15). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iemb-15.2015.117.

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Samaka, Mohammed, Yongwu Miao, and Disi Wang. "Support peer assessment processes in online problem-based learning." In 2016 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/educon.2016.7474598.

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Hifi, Mhand, Toufik Saadi, and Nawel Haddadou. "High Performance Peer-to-Peer Distributed Computing with Application to Constrained Two-Dimensional Guillotine Cutting Problem." In 2011 19th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pdp.2011.56.

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Reports on the topic "Peer problem"

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Zhang, Y., and N. Zong. Problem Statement and Requirements of the Peer-to-Peer Streaming Protocol (PPSP). RFC Editor, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6972.

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Hummer, Charles R. Solving Magnetic Diffusion Problems Using the PEEC Method. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada538179.

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Werny, Rafaela, Marie Reich, Miranda Leontowitsch, and Frank Oswald. EQualCare Policy Report Germany : Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone. Frankfurter Forum für interdisziplinäre Alternsforschung, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.69905.

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The policy review is part of the project EQualCare: Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone, a three-year international project involving four countries: Finland, Germany, Latvia and Sweden. EQualCare interrogates inequalities by gender, cultural and socio-economic background between countries, with their different demographics and policy backgrounds. As a first step into empirical analysis, the policy review aims to set the stage for a better understanding of, and policy development on, the intersections of digitalisation with intergenerational care work and care relationships of older people living alone in Germany. The policy review follows a critical approach, in which the problems policy documents address are not considered objective entities, but rather discursively produced knowledge that renders visible some parts of the problem which is to be solved as other possible perspectives are simultaneously excluded. Twenty publicly available documents were studied to analyse the processes in which definitions of care work and digital (in)equalities are circulated, translated and negotiated between the different levels of national government, regional governments and municipalities as well as other agencies in Germany. The policy review consists of two parts: a background chapter providing information on the social structure of Germany, including the historical development of Germany after the Second World War, its political structure, information on the demographic situation with a focus on the 60+ age group, and the income of this age group. In addition, the background presents the structure of work and welfare, the organisation of care for old people, and the state of digitalisation in Germany. The analysis chapter includes a description of the method used as well as an overview of the documents chosen and analysed. The focus of this chapter is on the analysis of official documents that deal with the interplay of living alone in old age, care, and digitalisation. The analysis identified four themes: firstly, ageing is framed largely as a challenge to society, whereas digitalisation is framed as a potential way to tackle social challenges, such as an ageing society. Secondly, challenges of ageing, such as need of care, are set at the individual level, requiring people to organise their care within their own families and immediate social networks, with state support following a principle of subsidiarity. Thirdly, voluntary peer support provides the basis for addressing digital support needs and strategies. Publications by lobby organisations highlight the important work done by voluntary peer support for digital training and the benefits this approach has; they also draw attention to the over-reliance on this form of unpaid support and call for an increase in professional support in ensuring all older people are supported in digital life. Fourthly, ageing as a hinderance to participation in digital life is seen as an interim challenge among younger old people already online.
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Lucas, Brian. Urban Flood Risks, Impacts, and Management in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.018.

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This summary reviews evidence on the urban flooding impact, risk factors, and management and mitigation measures in Lagos and other cities in Nigeria. Flooding is a common problem every year in many cities across Nigeria, but the impacts of flooding are poorly documented. There is no consistent set of statistics at a national or sub-national level that can be used to compare the impacts of flooding across cities, and reports that focus on particular flood events are often incomplete. The literature notes the principal factors contributing to flood risk including uncontrolled urban growth, inadequate and poorly-maintained drainage systems, solid waste management practices, weakness in institutional capacity and coordination, and warning systems and public awareness. The evidence base for flood impacts, risks, and mitigation efforts at the city level in Nigeria is limited, and much of the information available is low quality, inconsistent, or outdated. Many rely on surveys of city residents rather than objective empirical data, and some of these surveys appear to be poorly designed. A significant number of the academic publications available have been published in non-mainstream journals without the usual level of academic peer review. Recent information is scarce, and a significant amount of the available evidence dates from 2011 and 2012, which coincides with an episode of nationwide flooding that was among the worst in Nigeria’s history.
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Herbert, George, and Lucas Loudon. The Size and Growth Potential of the Digital Economy in ODA-eligible Countries. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.016.

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This rapid review synthesises evidence on the current size of the digital market, the countries promoting development of digital business and their approach through Trade Policies or Incentive Frameworks, and the current and potential size of the market with the UK / China / US / other significant countries. It draws on a variety of sources, including reports by international organisations (such as the World Bank and OECD), grey literature produced by think tanks and the private sector, and peer reviewed academic papers. A high proportion of estimates of the size of the digital economy come from research conducted by or for corporations and industry bodies, such as Google and the GSMA (which represents the telecommunications industry). Their research may be influenced by their business interests, the methodologies and data sources they utilise are often opaque, and the information required to critically assess findings is sometimes missing. Given this, the estimates presented in this review are best seen as ballpark figures rather than precise measurements. A limitation of this rapid evidence review stems from the lack of consistent methodologies for estimating the size of the digital economy. The OECD is attempting to develop a standard approach to measuring the digital economy across the national accounts of the G20, but this has not yet been finalised. This makes comparing the results of different studies very challenging. The problem is particularly stark in low income countries, where there are frequently huge gaps in the relevant data.
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Gunay, Selim, Fan Hu, Khalid Mosalam, Arpit Nema, Jose Restrepo, Adam Zsarnoczay, and Jack Baker. Blind Prediction of Shaking Table Tests of a New Bridge Bent Design. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/svks9397.

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Considering the importance of the transportation network and bridge structures, the associated seismic design philosophy is shifting from the basic collapse prevention objective to maintaining functionality on the community scale in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes (i.e., resiliency). In addition to performance, the associated construction philosophy is also being modernized, with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques to reduce impacts of construction work on traffic, society, economy, and on-site safety during construction. Recent years have seen several developments towards the design of low-damage bridges and ABC. According to the results of conducted tests, these systems have significant potential to achieve the intended community resiliency objectives. Taking advantage of such potential in the standard design and analysis processes requires proper modeling that adequately characterizes the behavior and response of these bridge systems. To evaluate the current practices and abilities of the structural engineering community to model this type of resiliency-oriented bridges, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) organized a blind prediction contest of a two-column bridge bent consisting of columns with enhanced response characteristics achieved by a well-balanced contribution of self-centering, rocking, and energy dissipation. The parameters of this blind prediction competition are described in this report, and the predictions submitted by different teams are analyzed. In general, forces are predicted better than displacements. The post-tension bar forces and residual displacements are predicted with the best and least accuracy, respectively. Some of the predicted quantities are observed to have coefficient of variation (COV) values larger than 50%; however, in general, the scatter in the predictions amongst different teams is not significantly large. Applied ground motions (GM) in shaking table tests consisted of a series of naturally recorded earthquake acceleration signals, where GM1 is found to be the largest contributor to the displacement error for most of the teams, and GM7 is the largest contributor to the force (hence, the acceleration) error. The large contribution of GM1 to the displacement error is due to the elastic response in GM1 and the errors stemming from the incorrect estimation of the period and damping ratio. The contribution of GM7 to the force error is due to the errors in the estimation of the base-shear capacity. Several teams were able to predict forces and accelerations with only moderate bias. Displacements, however, were systematically underestimated by almost every team. This suggests that there is a general problem either in the assumptions made or the models used to simulate the response of this type of bridge bent with enhanced response characteristics. Predictions of the best-performing teams were consistently and substantially better than average in all response quantities. The engineering community would benefit from learning details of the approach of the best teams and the factors that caused the models of other teams to fail to produce similarly good results. Blind prediction contests provide: (1) very useful information regarding areas where current numerical models might be improved; and (2) quantitative data regarding the uncertainty of analytical models for use in performance-based earthquake engineering evaluations. Such blind prediction contests should be encouraged for other experimental research activities and are planned to be conducted annually by PEER.
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Kushner, Harold J. Approximations and Optimal Control for the Pathwise Average Cost per Unit Time and Discounted Problems for Wideband Noise Driven Systems,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada192712.

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Pizzini, Nigel, and Helen Gremillion. Counsellor Clients as Insider Experts in a School Community. Unitec ePress, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.82017.

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This paper describes a practice developed at a large secondary school in Auckland whereby students’ experiences of overcoming problems are made available to others in the form of insider brochures. These students are thus able to share their insights and strategies in support of peers who may be experiencing similar problems. Drawing on narrative counseling conversations as well as narrative community work, a school counselor facilitates the process. This paper describes how insider voices contribute to the brochures and provides detail from one case example. In keeping with narrative approaches to problems, the goals are to de-privatise and de-individualise young people’s experiences of difficulties, and to reposition these students from ‘sufferers’ of problems to ‘experts’ on how to overcome them. In the process not only are students’ preferred identities developed but also collective knowledge is created and students are empowered to support one another.
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Jones, Scott B., Shmuel P. Friedman, and Gregory Communar. Novel streaming potential and thermal sensor techniques for monitoring water and nutrient fluxes in the vadose zone. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7597910.bard.

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The “Novel streaming potential (SP) and thermal sensor techniques for monitoring water and nutrient fluxes in the vadose zone” project ended Oct. 30, 2015, after an extension to complete travel and intellectual exchange of ideas and sensors. A significant component of this project was the development and testing of the Penta-needle Heat Pulse Probe (PHPP) in addition to testing of the streaming potential concept, both aimed at soil water flux determination. The PHPP was successfully completed and shown to provide soil water flux estimates down to 1 cm day⁻¹ with altered heat input and timing as well as use of larger heater needles. The PHPP was developed by Scott B. Jones at Utah State University with a plan to share sensors with Shmulik P. Friedman, the ARO collaborator. Delays in completion of the PHPP resulted in limited testing at USU and a late delivery of sensors (Sept. 2015) to Dr. Friedman. Two key aspects of the subsurface water flux sensor development that delayed the availability of the PHPP sensors were the addition of integrated electrical conductivity measurements (available in February 2015) and resolution of bugs in the microcontroller firmware (problems resolved in April 2015). Furthermore, testing of the streaming potential method with a wide variety of non-polarizable electrodes at both institutions was not successful as a practical measurement tool for water flux due to numerous sources of interference and the M.S. student in Israel terminated his program prematurely for personal reasons. In spite of these challenges, the project funded several undergraduate students building sensors and several master’s students and postdocs participating in theory and sensor development and testing. Four peer-reviewed journal articles have been published or submitted to date and six oral/poster presentations were also delivered by various authors associated with this project. We intend to continue testing the "new generation" PHPP probes at both USU and at the ARO resulting in several additional publications coming from this follow-on research. Furthermore, Jones is presently awaiting word on an internal grant application for commercialization of the PHPP at USU.
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McNaught, Tim. A Problem-Driven Approach to Education Reform: The Story of Sobral in Brazil. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/039.

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For more than two decades, the Brazilian municipality of Sobral has focused intensively on improving the quality of its public education system; the resulting success has been remarkable. In 2005, the Brazilian federal government started calculating a Basic Education Development Index (IDEB in Portuguese), which measures the quality of education in schools across the country. In the inaugural results in 2005, 1,365 municipalities had a better score for primary education than Sobral. By 2017, Sobral made national news by ranking number one in the entire country for both primary and lower secondary education (Cruz and Loureiro, 2020). These results are even more impressive when considering that Sobral is located in the northeastern state of Ceará, which is the fifth poorest state in Brazil in terms of GDP per capita (Cruz and Loureiro, 2020). The case of Sobral exhibits many elements that are similar to Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA), an approach wherein problems are key to driving change (Andrews et al., 2015). The PDIA approach relies on reformers to identify problems that matter, break them down into their root causes, identify entry points, act, stop to reflect, and then iterate and adapt their way to a solution.1 This process of constant feedback and experimentation by local actors allows for the development of a solution that fits the local context. This paper explores the transformation of Sobral’s education system through the lens of PDIA2 , with an emphasis on the early reform period of 2000-2004. Many excellent papers have been written, in Portuguese and English, about the case of Sobral; this paper draws heavily on this existing literature.3 The paper is also supported by interviews from key individuals who either were closely involved with the reform efforts or have studied them. The paper follows the narrative of the Sobral story, starting in 1997, and uses boxes and other diagrams to view the reform efforts through the lens of PDIA. Finally, the paper explains how the reform efforts grew and scaled over the years, not only within Sobral, but also to other municipalities in Ceará and across Brazil.
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