Relevant bibliographies by topics / Peer acceptance

Academic literature on the topic 'Peer acceptance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Peer acceptance"

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Hurley, John R., and Vernita A. Marsh. "Contrasting Interpersonal Correlates of Mutual Eye-Contact Reports by Self and others." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 3 (December 1986): 1267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.3.1267.

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Four small interpersonal groups' 32 participants estimated each pair's mutual eye contact (MEC) in seconds for 90-min. sessions culminating Hours 6, 22 1/2, 28 1/2, and 45. Individuals also inclusively rated each person's within-group behavior for acceptance of self and of others near Hours 22 and 44. Aggregated to augment reliability, peers' mean estimates of each individual's mutual eye contact showed greater interoccasion consistency and correlated more strongly with each acceptance index than did MEC self-reports. Substantial positive correlations (.47 to .55) between peer-rated self-acceptance and peer-based eye contact consistently exceeded other-acceptance's parallel linkages. In contrast, self-based estimates of mutual eye-contact correlated more positively with acceptance of others than with self-acceptance in all eight separate instances.
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Gleason, Tracy R. "Imaginary companions and peer acceptance." International Journal of Behavioral Development 28, no. 3 (May 2004): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250344000415.

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Early research on imaginary companions suggests that children who create them do so to compensate for poor social relationships. Consequently, the peer acceptance of children with imaginary companions was compared to that of their peers. Sociometrics were conducted on 88 preschool-aged children; 11 had invisible companions, 16 had personified objects (e.g., stuffed animals animated by the child) and 65 had no imaginary companion. The three groups were compared on positive and negative nominations, social preference, social impact, and total number of reciprocal friends. Given the positive correlation between pretend play and social competence, fantasy predisposition was used as a covariate. The groups did not differ on number of positive nominations by peers, total number of reciprocal friends, or social preference scores. However, compared to their peers, children with personified objects had higher social impact scores, largely as a result of negative nominations. Attention is thus called to the differences between personified object and invisible imaginary companions, and to the underlying social cognition that may be involved in their creation.
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Baskin, Thomas W., Bruce E. Wampold, Stephen M. Quintana, and Robert D. Enright. "Belongingness as a Protective Factor Against Loneliness and Potential Depression in a Multicultural Middle School." Counseling Psychologist 38, no. 5 (February 10, 2010): 626–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000009358459.

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This study examines belongingness as a strengths-based protective factor. Belongingness is investigated in relationship to the threat of low peer acceptance for loneliness and of high loneliness for depression in adolescents. Data were collected from peers for adolescents’ peer acceptance and from adolescents themselves for other variables. Ratings of peers and self-reported survey data were analyzed together from data collected from 294 eighth-grade students from a culturally and ethnically diverse school. Results indicated belongingness was a significant moderator of the influence of peer acceptance on loneliness and of loneliness on depression. This suggests that belongingness is a potentially important buffer against the negative effects of low peer acceptance and high loneliness. Implications for counseling psychologists working with ethnically diverse adolescents are discussed.
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Mikesell, Megan, and Jessica Troilo. "Emerging Adults’ Peer Acceptance of Those Who Appear to be Undergoing Chemotherapy." Journal of Applied Social Science 16, no. 2 (May 14, 2022): 520–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19367244221094810.

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Physical appearance has been shown to be heavily influential in the overall peer acceptance of an individual. Yet, the role of a changing physical appearance due to an illness (e.g., cancer) and its impact on peer acceptance has garnered little focus. This study considered how appearing as if undergoing treatment for cancer impacted peer acceptance in emerging adults. Using photo vignettes, a sample of 182 emerging adults (79 percent female; 21 percent male) evaluated four types of hypothetical emerging adult peers. Results showed that the healthy models had significantly different peer acceptance scores compared with the chemotherapy models. A positive association between microsystem exposure to cancer and peer acceptance ratings was also found. Clinical applications to foster more microsystem influences, such as social support groups on university campuses, and future directions, such as the use of video vignettes, are provided.
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King, Kevin M., Katie A. McLaughlin, Jennifer Silk, and Kathryn C. Monahan. "Peer effects on self-regulation in adolescence depend on the nature and quality of the peer interaction." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 4 (November 21, 2017): 1389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417001560.

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AbstractAdolescence is a critical period for the development of self-regulation, and peer interactions are thought to strongly influence regulation ability. Simple exposure to peers has been found to alter decisions about risky behaviors and increase sensitivity to rewards. The link between peer exposure and self-regulation is likely to vary as a function of the type and quality of peer interaction (e.g., rejection or acceptance). Little is known about how the nature of interactions with peers influences different dimensions of self-regulation. We examined how randomization to acceptance or rejection by online “virtual” peers influenced multiple dimensions of self-regulation in a multisite community sample of 273 adolescents aged 16–17 years. Compared to a neutral condition, exposure to peers produced increases in cold cognitive control, but decreased hot cognitive control. Relative to peer acceptance, peer rejection reduced distress tolerance and increased sensitivity to losses. These findings suggest that different dimensions of adolescent self-regulation are influenced by the nature of the peer context: basic cognitive functions are altered by mere exposure to peers, whereas more complex decision making and emotion regulation processes are influenced primarily by the quality of that exposure.
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Syaputri, Wenny Hikmah, and Neneng Tati Sumiati. "Psikoedukasi “Temanku Istimewa” terhadap Peer acceptance Siswa Reguler di Sekolah Dasar Inklusi." Journal of Psychological Perspective 2, no. 2 (December 4, 2020): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47679/jopp.022.12200009.

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Sekolah yang belum menerima siswa berkebutuhan khusus, berpotensi mempengaruhi perkembangan proses belajar mereka di sekolah inklusi. Bentuk hubungan dengan teman sebaya adalah penerimaan individu di dalam kelompok teman sebayanya (peer accepatance). Maka, perlunya metode psikoedukasi untuk memberikan pengetahuan keistimewaan siswa berkebutuhan khusus sehingga meningkatkan peer acceptance siswa terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswi yang bersekolah di SD Negeri 05 Kembangan Jakarta Barat. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah nonprobability sampling dengan teknik convenience sampling. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian sebanyak 78 siswa, yang terdiri dari kelas 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6, namun yang mengikuti hingga tuntas (mengikuti kegiatan penelitian sampai post test) sebanyak 69 orang. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh dari psikoedukasi dengan tema Temanku Istimewa terhadap peer acceptance siswa reguler di sekolah Inklusi. Penelitian ini membandingkan rata-rata peer acceptance sebelum dan sesudah perlakukan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa psikoedukasi temanku istimewa secara signifikan efektif meningkatkan peer acceptance siswa regular terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus dengan down syndrome, autis, dan tuna rungu. Namun, siswa yang mengalami lambat belajar psikoedukasi temanku istimewa menunjukkan peningkatan peer acceptance siswa regular, tetapi perubahannya tidak signifikan. Hasil analisis menggunakan MANOVA terlihat bahwa tingkat kelas dan jenis kelamin tidak mempengaruhi peer acceptance. Tingkat kelas hanya berpengaruh pada post-test peer acceptance terhadap tunarungu (p=0.04 kurang dari 0.05). Abstract. Schools that have not accepted students with special needs have the potential to affect the development of their learning process in inclusive schools. The form of relationship with peers is the acceptance of the individual in the peer group (peer acceleration). So, the need for psychoeducation methods to provide knowledge of the privileges of students with special needs so as to increase student peer acceptance of students with special needs. The population in this study were students who attended SD Negeri 05 Kembangan, West Jakarta. The sampling technique used was nonprobability sampling with a convenience sampling technique. The sample used in the study was 78 students, consisting of levels 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, but those who followed it to completion (following research activities to post-test) were 69 people. This study aims to determine the effect of psychoeducation with the theme “Temanku Istimewa” on peer acceptance of regular students in inclusive schools. This study compares the average peer acceptance before and after treatment. The results showed that the Psychoeducation theme “Temanku Istimewa” was significantly effective in increasing peer acceptance of regular students towards students with special needs with Down syndrome, autism, and hearing impairment. However, students who experienced slow learning about “Temanku Istimewa” psychoeducation showed an increase in peer acceptance of regular students, but the change was not significant. The analysis using MANOVA shows that class level and gender do not affect peer acceptance. The class level only affects post-test peer acceptance for deaf people (p = 0.04 less than 0.05).
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Weiss, Maureen R., and Susan C. Duncan. "The Relationship between Physical Competence and Peer Acceptance in tie Context of Children's Sports Participation." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 14, no. 2 (June 1992): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.14.2.177.

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Youth sport literature contends that the development of self-esteem is influenced by social interactions in the physical domain. However, little research has investigated the role of the peer group in developing perceptions of physical competence and social acceptance. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship, between competence in physical skills and interpersonal competence with peers in a sport setting. Children (N=126) completed measures assessing perceptions of physical competence and peer acceptance» perceptions of success for athletic performance and interpersonal skills, causal attributions for physical performance and interpersonal success» and expectations for future success in these two areas. Teachers' ratings of children's actual physical ability and social skills with peers were also obtained. Canonical correlation analyses indicated a strong relationship (rc = .75) between indices of physical competence and peer acceptance. Children who scored high in actual and perceived physical competence and who made stable and personally controllable attributions for sport performance also scored high in actual and perceived peer acceptance and made stable attributions for successful peer interactions.
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Sisto, F. F., S. Urquijo, and M. T. C. C. Souza. "Peer Acceptance and Cognitive Development." Psychological Reports 84, no. 2 (April 1999): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.2.611.

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To verify whether development of cognitive skills and peer acceptance are necessarily linked, 212 students of low socioeconomic status in the first, second, and third grades of a public school in Brazil were studied. A sociometric evaluation of peer group acceptance in play and study situations was conducted. The cognitive tasks were the mental imaging and conservation of mass and length (operative casks) as well as location of dice and equidistancing arrangements (creation of possibilities tasks). Analysis showed the children identified as desirable study companions had highly developed general cognitive abilities, and those chosen as desirable for both study and play not only had highly developed general cognitive abilities but also highly developed operativeness. Children who were socially isolated, however, had even higher mean cognitive assessment score in relation to both creation of possibilities and general cognitive development than did those with ratings of negative or positive salience.
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SIST, F. F. "PEER ACCEPTANCE AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT." Psychological Reports 84, no. 2 (1999): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.84.2.611-616.

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Ayu, Nuzul Putri. "The Effect of Acceptance of People Friends on Students' Learning Motivation in Class XI IPA SMA Negeri I Bonjol Regency Pasaman." Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan 2, no. 4 (October 18, 2022): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.56495/jrip.v2i4.183.

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The problem studied based on the phenomenon that researchers found in the field is the behavior of peer acceptance of the learning motivation of students in the school environment at this time is not in accordance with what it should be. Students also play an important role in the acceptance of peers, especially in motivation. So the researcher raised the research problem about how the influence of peer acceptance on the learning motivation of students at SMA Negeri 1 Bonjol, Pasaman Regency. This study aims to describe the acceptance of students' peers, students' learning motivation, the influence of peer acceptance on students' learning motivation. The type of research used is simple linear regression analysis. The population in this study were students of SMA Negeri 1 Bonjol. This sample was taken using a random sampling technique. From the calculation results obtained a sample of 105 people. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire. To analyze the data, the Pearson Product Moment formula was used in order to see the relationship between the influence of peer acceptance on the learning motivation of students at SMA Negeri 1 Bonjol, Pasaman Regency
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peer acceptance"

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LEHMKUHL, HEATHER M. A. "RELATIONSHIP AMONG WEIGHT STATUS, AGE, GENDER, AND CHILDREN'S PEER ACCEPTANCE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1140202160.

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Skaletski, Angela. "The relationship between perceived peer acceptance and academic achievement." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007skaletskia.pdf.

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Lehmkuhl, Heather. "Relationship among weight status, age, gender, and children's peer acceptance." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1140202160.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2005.
Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Nov. 29, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: overweight; peer acceptance. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lee, Ka-ying, and 李嘉盈. "Peer acceptance and teacher preference toward children with voice problems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/202376.

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Listeners’ perceptions toward children with communication disorders as well as the interpersonal experience of these children have been studied extensively by speech and language field and psychology field in the western countries. However, little is known about peers’ attitudes and social acceptance toward children with voice problems in the Chinese population. The current study examined the attitudes of peers and teachers toward children with different severity levels of voice problems; and evaluated how such attitudes could impact on the social acceptance of these children. Specifically, peer acceptance and teacher preference were investigated. Eighteen speakers (nine children with voice problems and nine vocally healthy children as controls) and 60 listeners (30 children and 30 teachers) participated in the study. Listeners were asked to provide attitude and acceptance ratings after listening to the voice samples of the speakers. For both groups of listeners, children with dysphonic voices were given significantly lower scores (i.e., less favorable) than children with normal voices in all the attitude ratings and acceptance ratings (both groups ps < .001). Moreover, the more severe the voice problems, the less positive the attitude and acceptance ratings the speakers received from the listeners. The attitude ratings and acceptance ratings made by the children listeners and teacher listeners did not differ significantly from each other (ps > .05). The results suggested that children with dysphonic voices were not only perceived less favorably on all attitude ratings than children with normal voices. They were also less socially accepted by peers and teachers. These findings provided valuable information and insights to the parents, educators, and speech-language pathologists on the potential impacts of pediatric voice disorders on listeners’ perception and children’s interpersonal experience.
published_or_final_version
Speech and Hearing Sciences
Master
Master of Philosophy
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黃幗宜 and Kwok-yee Ivy Wong. "A study on primary school children's peer acceptance: links with social functioning and school performance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41716942.

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Wong, Kwok-yee Ivy. "A study on primary school children's peer acceptance links with social functioning and school performance /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41716942.

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Olsen, Brian T. "Factors Influencing Children's Attitudes Toward a Peer Who is Overweight." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367925768.

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Shaffer, Elizabeth Ann. "Effects of Peer-Monitored Social Skills Training on Measures of Social Acceptance." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1281660194.

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Trzepacz, Angie M. "PEER ACCEPTANCE AND SELF-PERCEPTIONS IN CHILDREN: THE IMPACT OF GENDER AND RACE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin989252512.

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Halliburton, Amanda E. "Piloting the Use of Acceptance, Cognitive Defusion, and Values, in Reducing Experiential Avoidance and its Consequences Among Youth Rejected by Peers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81404.

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Peer rejection (PR) can be damaging to cognitive and emotional well being and lead to risky behavioral consequences (e.g., violence, increased peer pressure susceptibility), particularly for adolescents (Sebastian et al., 2010; Williams, 2007). Interventions designed to minimize the impact of and repair damage related to PR in youth have been somewhat successful (e.g., Mikami et al., 2005), although the need for further research into potentially pliable mechanisms underlying adolescent peer relationships remains. One suggested mediating factor is experiential avoidance (EA), which is the major target of acceptance- and mindfulness-based interventions such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; see Hayes, 2004 for a review). The present study built on the recommendations of Biglan et al. (2008) and Theodore-Oklota et al. (2014) in designing and implementing a prevention program aimed at reducing EA of PR experiences, with the hope of minimizing cognitive, emotional and behavioral consequences of PR. For this initial pilot, selected ACT components (acceptance, cognitive defusion, and values) were presented in age-appropriate form to six participants over five individual intervention sessions. The program was successful in reducing EA and cognitive fusion and/or improving mindfulness and acceptance for most participants, with some exceptions. Additionally, results showed a decrease in existing symptomatology for several participants (e.g., anger, depression, poor self-concept, overall stress). However, value congruence was not significantly improved for any of the six completers. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical implications and recommendations for further research, particularly in terms of how the existing pilot intervention could be altered and augmented to maximize effectiveness.
Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Peer acceptance"

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American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. AICPA peer review program report acceptance body handbook. 3rd ed. New York: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 1996.

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Deković, Maja. The role of parents in the development of child's peer acceptance. Assen: Van Gorcum, 1992.

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Wiener, Judith. Correlates of peer status in learning-disabled children. [Toronto, Ont.]: Department of Special Education, The Ontario Institute for Studies in Educatio, 1989.

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H, Cillessen Antonius, and Bukowski William M, eds. Recent advances in the measurement of acceptance and rejection in the peer system. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 2000.

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To love mercy: Becoming a person of compassion, acceptance & forgiveness. Colorado Springs, Colo: NavPress, 1991.

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Connor, Robert J. G. Peer assessment - practical concept or theoretical ideology?: An investigation into the useand acceptance of peer assessment by students and lecturers in higher education. [S.l: The author], 1996.

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Choke. New York: Scholastic Press, 2012.

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My life in black and white. New York: Viking, 2012.

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Cook, Melissa H. The power of validation: Arming your child against bullying, peer pressure, addiction, self-harm, and out-of-control emotions. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, 2011.

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My life from air-bras to zits. Woodbury, Minn: Flux, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Peer acceptance"

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Dropčová, Veronika, Martin Homola, and Zuzana Kubincová. "Students’ Acceptance of Peer Review." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 52–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28883-3_7.

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Westwood, Peter. "Social skills and peer group acceptance." In Commonsense Methods for Children with Special Needs and Disabilities, 82–88. 8th edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003109778-9.

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Schneider, Barry H. "Peer Acceptance of Gifted Children: The Pedestal Revisited." In The Gifted Child in Peer Group Perspective, 20–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8731-2_2.

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Favazza, Paddy C., Michaelene M. Ostrosky, Anke A. de Boer, and Florianne Rademaker. "How Do We Support the Peer Acceptance of Children with Disabilities?" In Peer Relationships in Classroom Management, 77–94. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003148647-8.

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Ribeiro, Ana Carolina, Amanda Sizo, Henrique Lopes Cardoso, and Luís Paulo Reis. "Acceptance Decision Prediction in Peer-Review Through Sentiment Analysis." In Progress in Artificial Intelligence, 766–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86230-5_60.

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Hymel, Shelley, Leanna M. Closson, Simona C. S. Caravita, and Tracy Vaillancourt. "Social Status Among Peers: From Sociometric Attraction to Peer Acceptance to Perceived Popularity." In The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Social Development, 375–92. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444390933.ch20.

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Aldhayan, Manal, Sainabou Cham, Theodoros Kostoulas, Mohamed Basel Almourad, and Raian Ali. "Online Peer Support Groups to Combat Digital Addiction: User Acceptance and Rejection Factors." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 139–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16187-3_14.

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Mohtar, Nasyita. "The Effects of Positive Psychology Interventions on School Conduct, Peer Acceptance and Subjective Well-Being." In Diversifying Learner Experience, 43–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9861-6_4.

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McAlaney, John, Manal Aldhayan, Mohamed Basel Almourad, Sainabou Cham, and Raian Ali. "Predictors of Acceptance and Rejection of Online Peer Support Groups as a Digital Wellbeing Tool." In Trends and Innovations in Information Systems and Technologies, 95–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45697-9_10.

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Madeyski, Lech. "Effect on the Number of Acceptance Tests Passed per Hour." In Test-Driven Development, 127–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04288-1_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Peer acceptance"

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Niranjan Koggalahewa, Darshika, Yue Xu, and Ernest Foo. "Spam Detection in Social Networks based on Peer Acceptance." In ACSW '20: Australasian Computer Science Week 2020. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3373017.3373025.

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Majdak, Marijana. "FAMILY ACCEPTANCE, PEER PREASURE AND ALCOCHOL ABUSE IN YOUNG PEOPLE." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018h/61/s07.008.

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Lim, Kyu Yon. "Technology-Enhanced Peer Feedback: Engineering Students' Experiences and Technology Acceptance." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1580472.

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Scharenberg, Katja. "Does Classroom Composition Play a Role for Peer Acceptance in Inclusive Settings?" In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1584067.

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Mutyahara, Shitta, and Wuri Prasetyawati. "Association of Peer Acceptance and Depressive Symptoms among High School Student in DKI Jakarta." In Universitas Indonesia International Psychology Symposium for Undergraduate Research (UIPSUR 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/uipsur-17.2018.25.

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Marlina, Dr. "Teacher's Attitude and Peer Acceptance to Children with Special Needs in Inclusive Primary Schools." In 9th International Conference for Science Educators and Teachers (ICSET 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icset-17.2017.41.

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Costantino, Michael C., Thomas W. Houston, and Andrew S. Maham. "Development of Acceptance Criteria for Soil-Structure Interaction Solutions Using Linear SSI Techniques." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63682.

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Seismic analysis and design of high-hazard nuclear facilities requires evaluation of soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects on structure and soil response due to earthquake ground motions. The industry-wide methodology of computing SSI response of buildings is through linear SSI techniques using the computer code SASSI. Technical issues were identified by users and regulators (Ref. 1) resulting in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) commissioning a large scale, multi-year Validation and Verification (V&V) Project for SASSI (Ref. 2). The project was a highly peer reviewed process that included an esteemed Participatory Peer Review Team, DOE oversight, as well as regulatory and stakeholder input. The project goal was to develop benchmark SSI solutions for the range of SSI problems associated with high-hazard facilities within the DOE complex. As per industry software quality control requirements, an acceptance limit for the benchmark solutions must be provided to define the acceptable accuracy of the results produced by SASSI relative to the benchmark. In order to define this limit, variation in the solution of foundation impedance must be related to an expected level of accuracy in structural design quantities of interest (e.g., response spectra, base shear, etc.). Therefore, extensive parametric analyses were performed for coupled soil-structure systems having a broad range of SSI parameters defined by foundation size, soil properties, building stiffness and mass properties, building height, etc. Based on the results of the parametric analyses, ASCE 4 code guidance, and engineering judgment of CJC&A and the peer review team, an acceptable level of accuracy in computed foundation impedance was determined for SASSI solutions. This supported the successful qualification of SASSI for use in two large-scale DOE projects.
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Lee, Linda. "The Role of Home Language and Classroom Climate in Children's Friendship Choice and Peer Acceptance." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1588023.

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Utami, Ria Rizki, and May Lia Elfina. "The Influence of Anger Management on Aggression Behavior and Peer Acceptance as a Mediation Variable." In Proceedings of the 4th ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/acpch-18.2019.43.

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Prakoso, Muhammad Rizky Nur, and Muh Farozin. "Contribution of Emotional Intelligence to Peer Acceptance on Students at Public Junior High School 14 Surakarta." In 2nd  International Seminar on Guidance and Counseling 2019 (ISGC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200814.043.

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Reports on the topic "Peer acceptance"

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Oji, L. Characterization of Tank 23H Supernate Per Saltstone Waste Acceptance Criteria Analysis Requirements -2005. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890176.

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Oji, L. Characterization of Tank 23H Supernate Per Saltstone Waste Acceptance Criteria Analysis Requirements-2005. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890230.

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JOHNSON, D. M. Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) Project Acceptance Criteria for Light Water Reactor Spent Fuel Storage System [OCRWM PER REV2]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/805665.

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Lovell, Alexis, Garrett Hoch, Christopher Donnelly, Jordan Hodge, Robert Haehnel, and Emily Asenath-Smith. Shear and tensile delamination of ice from surfaces : The Ice Adhesion Peel Test (IAPT). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41781.

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For decades, researchers have sought to understand the adhesion of ice to surfaces so that low-cost ice mitigation strategies can be developed. Presently, the field of ice adhesion is still without formal standards for performing ice adhesion tests. The U.S. Army Corps Engineers’ Research and Development Center’s Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (ERDC-CRREL) has a longstanding history as an independent third party for ice adhesion testing services. Most notably, CRREL’s Zero-Degree Cone Test (ZDCT) has been an industry favorite for more than 30 years. Despite its wide acceptance, the ZDCT contains some shortcomings, namely that freshwater ice is formed on the surface of interest within the confines of an annular gap. To address this limitation, CRREL developed and uses the Ice Adhesion Peel Test (IAPT) for testing ice adhesion. This test employs an open planar substrate from which the ice can be removed under either tensile or shear loading, thereby allowing ice to be grown directly on the target substrate without the use of molds. The IAPT configuration is therefore amenable to different ice types and geometries and will provide utility to research studies that aim to develop surface treatments to mitigate ice in a wide range of environments. This report describes the IAPT and its use for characterizing the ice adhesion properties of materials.
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Goetsch, Arthur L., Yoav Aharoni, Arieh Brosh, Ryszard (Richard) Puchala, Terry A. Gipson, Zalman Henkin, Eugene D. Ungar, and Amit Dolev. Energy Expenditure for Activity in Free Ranging Ruminants: A Nutritional Frontier. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696529.bard.

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Heat production (HP) or energy expenditure for activity (EEa) is of fundamental nutritional importance for livestock because it determines the proportion of ingested nutrients available for productive functions. Previous estimates of EEa are unreliable and vary widely with different indirect methodologies. This leads to erroneous nutritional strategies, especially when intake on pasture does not meet nutritional requirements and supplementation is necessary for acceptable production. Therefore, the objective of this project was to measure EEa in different classes of livestock (beef cattle and goats) over a wide range of ecological and management conditions to develop and evaluate simple means of prediction. In the first study in Israel, small frame (SF) and large frame (LF) cows (268 and 581 kg) were monitored during spring, summer, and autumn. Feed intake by SF cows per unit of metabolic weight was greater (P < 0.001) than that by LF cows in both spring and summer and their apparent selection of higher quality herbage in spring was greater (P < 0.10) than that of LF cows. SF cows grazed more hours per day and walked longer distances than the LF cows during all seasons. The coefficient of specific costs of activities (kJ•kg BW-0.75•d-1) and of locomotion (J•kg BW-0.75•m-1) were smaller for the SF cows. In the second study, cows were monitored in March, May, and September when they grazed relatively large plots, 135 and 78 ha. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and horizontal locomotion derived were similar to those of the previous study based on data from smaller plots. However, the energy costs of walking idle and of vertical locomotion were greater than those found by Brosh et al. (2006) but similar to those found by Aharoni et al. (2009). In the third study, cows were monitored in February and May in a 78-ha plot with an average slope of 15.5°, whereas average plot slopes of the former studies ranged between 4.3 and 6.9°. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and walking idle were greater than those calculated in the previous studies. However, the estimated energy costs of locomotion were lower in the steeper plot. A comparison on a similar HP basis, i.e., similar metabolizable energy (ME) intake, shows that the daily energy spent on activities in relation to daily HP increased by 27% as the average plot slope increased from 5.8 and 6.02 to 15.5°. In the fourth study, cows grazing in a woodland habitat were monitored as in previous studies in December, March, and July. Data analysis is in progress. In the first US experiment, Boer and Spanish does with two kids were used in an experiment beginning in late spring at an average of 24 days after kidding. Two does of each breed resided in eight 0.5-ha grass/forb pastures. Periods of 56, 60, 63, 64, and 73 days in length corresponded to mid-lactation, early post-weaning, the late dry period, early gestation, and mid-gestation. EEa expressed as a percentage of the ME requirement for maintenance plus activity in confinement (EEa%) was not influenced by stocking rate, breed, or period, averaging 49%. Behavioral activities (e.g., time spent grazing, walking, and idle, distance traveled) were not highly related to EEa%, although no-intercept regressions against time spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking indicated an increase in EEa% of 5.8 and 5.1%/h, respectively. In the second study, animal types were yearling Angora doeling goats, yearling Boer wether goats, yearling Spanish wether goats, and Rambouilletwether sheep slightly more than 2 yr of age. Two animals of each type were randomly allocated to one of four pastures 9.3, 12.3, 4.6, and 1.2 ha in area. The experiment was conducted in the summer with three periods, 30, 26, and 26 days in length. EEa% was affected by an interaction between animal type and period (Angora: 16, 17, and 15; Boer: 60, 67, and 34; Spanish: 46, 62, and 42; sheep: 22, 12, and 22% in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively (SE = 6.1)). EEa% of goats was predicted with moderate accuracy (R2 = 0.40-0.41) and without bias from estimates of 5.8 and 5.1%/h spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking, respectively, determined in the first experiment; however, these methods were not suitable for sheep. These methods of prediction are simpler and more accurate than currently recommended for goats by the National Research Council.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.

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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Antonina Maltsev, Aaron Jones, Andrew P. Costa, Vanessa Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown, et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.07.1.0.

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Key Message Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Summary Background The Province of Ontario has 626 licensed LTC homes and 77,257 long-stay beds; 58% of homes are privately owned, 24% are non-profit/charitable, 16% are municipal. LTC homes were strongly affected during Ontario’s first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions What do we know about the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Ontario LTC homes? Which risk factors are associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario LTC homes and the extent and death rates associated with outbreaks? What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general health and wellbeing of LTC residents? How has the existing Ontario evidence on COVID-19 in LTC settings been used to support public health interventions and policy changes in these settings? What are the further measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes? Findings As of January 14, 2021, a total of 3,211 Ontario LTC home residents have died of COVID-19, totaling 60.7% of all 5,289 COVID-19 deaths in Ontario to date. There have now been more cumulative LTC home outbreaks during the second wave as compared with the first wave. The infection and death rates among LTC residents have been lower during the second wave, as compared with the first wave, and a greater number of LTC outbreaks have involved only staff infections. The growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC residents was slower during the first two months of the second wave in September and October 2020, as compared with the first wave. However, the growth rate after the two-month mark is comparatively faster during the second wave. The majority of second wave infections and deaths in LTC homes have occurred between December 1, 2020, and January 14, 2021 (most recent date of data extraction prior to publication). This highlights the recent intensification of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTC homes that has mirrored the recent increase in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across Ontario. Evidence from Ontario demonstrates that the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent deaths in LTC are distinct from the risk factors for outbreaks and deaths in the community (Figure 1). The most important risk factors for whether a LTC home will experience an outbreak is the daily incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the communities surrounding the home and the occurrence of staff infections. The most important risk factors for the magnitude of an outbreak and the number of resulting resident deaths are older design, chain ownership, and crowding. Figure 1. Anatomy of Outbreaks and Spread of COVID-19 in LTC Homes and Among Residents Figure from Peter Hamilton, personal communication. Many Ontario LTC home residents have experienced severe and potentially irreversible physical, cognitive, psychological, and functional declines as a result of precautionary public health interventions imposed on homes, such as limiting access to general visitors and essential caregivers, resident absences, and group activities. There has also been an increase in the prescribing of psychoactive drugs to Ontario LTC residents. The accumulating evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been leveraged in several ways to support public health interventions and policy during the pandemic. Ontario evidence showed that SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC staff was associated with subsequent COVID-19 deaths among LTC residents, which motivated a public order to restrict LTC staff from working in more than one LTC home in the first wave. Emerging Ontario evidence on risk factors for LTC home outbreaks and deaths has been incorporated into provincial pandemic surveillance tools. Public health directives now attempt to limit crowding in LTC homes by restricting occupancy to two residents per room. The LTC visitor policy was also revised to designate a maximum of two essential caregivers who can visit residents without time limits, including when a home is experiencing an outbreak. Several further measures could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by measures that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Third, LTC homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Other important issues include improved prevention and detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC staff, enhanced infection prevention and control (IPAC) capacity within the LTC homes, a more balanced and nuanced approach to public health measures and IPAC strategies in LTC homes, strategies to promote vaccine acceptance amongst residents and staff, and further improving data collection on LTC homes, residents, staff, visitors and essential caregivers for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretation Comparisons of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the LTC setting reveal improvement in some but not all epidemiological indicators. Despite this, the second wave is now intensifying within LTC homes and without action we will likely experience a substantial additional loss of life before the widespread administration and time-dependent maximal effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of outbreaks, the spread of infection, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes are well documented and have remained unchanged between the first and the second wave. Some of the evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been effectively leveraged to support public health interventions and policies. Several further measures, if implemented, have the potential to prevent additional LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.

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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Lessons learned from a community-based distribution programme in rural Bihar. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1019.

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The state of Bihar in North India ranks near the bottom of the Indian states in terms of its demographic situation. The infant mortality rate as of 1991 was 69 per 1,000, and the contraceptive prevalence rate as of 1990 was 26 percent. Bihar ranks near the bottom among other states of India in almost all indicators of social and economic development. One reason for its low performance is weak management. Besides poverty, a poor communications network and lack of proper infrastructure further make the implementation of programs difficult. Workers have misconceptions about FP methods, and educational activities are poorly designed and implemented. Grassroot workers generally do not attend to their work and program outreach is limited. Given the situation, it is difficult to increase acceptance of FP, particularly among lower parity couples, unless the whole program is revamped and innovative approaches are introduced to increase program outreach and quality of services. The present study, as stated in this report, monitors and documents one such innovative approach presently being implemented by the Bihar State Cooperative Milk Producers Federation in collaboration with the Centre for Development and Population Activities, Washington, DC.
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Agronomic performance and farmer preferences for biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties in Zimbabwe. International Potato Center, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/9789290605669.

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Abstract:
This report summarizes the findings of a study carried out to evaluate the agronomic performance and sensory acceptance by small holder farmers of six biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) varieties that were first introduced from CIP’s sweetpotato breeding hub for Southern Africa in Mozambique. The study was participatory and carried out under different agroecological environments in Zimbabwe. The six OFSP varieties, namely Alisha, Victoria, Delvia, Sumaia, Namanga and Irene were planted in the 2019/20 agricultural season along with two non-biofortified white-fleshed local varieties, namely Chingova and German II, at seven DR&SS research stations (Kadoma, Marondera, Harare, Henderson, Gwebi, Makoholi and Panmure) and 120 farmer managed on-farm trial sites in 12 LFSP districts of Bindura, Gokwe North, Gokwe South, Guruve, Kwekwe, Makoni, Mazowe, Mount Darwin, Mutasa, Mutare, Shurugwi and Zvimba. At all but one of the research stations, two trials were set up, one under irrigation and the other under rain-fed conditions. On-farm trials were established following the Mother-Baby Trial approach with 2 mother trials and 8 baby trials per district. In each of the districts, one mother trial was planted under irrigation while the other was rain-fed. All the baby trials were rain-fed.
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