Relevant bibliographies by topics / Peepers

Academic literature on the topic 'Peepers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Peepers"

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Rashleigh, Karen R., and Michael Crowell. "Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) in Labrador, Canada: an update." Canadian Field-Naturalist 132, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v132i2.2051.

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Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) was first confirmed in Labrador in 1998, when vocalizations were recorded near Happy Valley-Goose Bay. Prior to this, only unsubstantiated reports of Spring Peepers in Labrador existed. In 2006, we visually documented nine Spring Peepers at six locations west of Happy Valley-Goose Bay, in the lower Churchill River valley. In 2014, using auditory surveys, we further documented 1–10 Spring Peepers calling at 13 additional locations in the same general area. These new records support earlier findings and provide additional information on the species at the extreme northeastern edge of its range.
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GOODMAN, DOUGLAS S. "Door Peepers." Optics and Photonics News 9, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.9.6.000050.

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Hanna, Dalal E. L., David R. Wilson, Gabriel Blouin-Demers, and Daniel J. Mennill. "Spring peepers Pseudacris crucifer modify their call structure in response to noise." Current Zoology 60, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 438–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/60.4.438.

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Abstract Acoustic interference can impede effective communication that is important for survival and reproduction of animals. In response to acoustic interference, some animals can improve signalling efficacy by altering the structure of their signals. In this study, we played artificial noise to 46 male spring peepers Pseudacris crucifer, on their breeding grounds, and tested whether the noise affected the duration, call rate, and peak frequency of their advertisement calls. We used two experimental noise treatments that masked either the high- or low-frequency components of an average advertisement call; this allowed us to evaluate whether frogs adaptively shift the peak frequency of their calls away from both types of interference. Our playback treatments caused spring peepers to produce shorter calls, and the high-frequency noise treatment caused them to lower the frequency of their calls immediately after the noise ceased. Call rate did not change in response to playback. Consistent with previous studies, ambient temperature was inversely related to call duration and positively related to call rate. We conclude that noise affects the structure of spring peeper advertisement calls, and that spring peepers therefore have a mechanism for altering signal structure in response to noise. Future studies should test if other types of noise, such as biotic or anthropogenic noise, have similar effects on call structure, and if the observed changes to call structure enhance or impair communication in noisy environments [Current Zoology 60 (4): 438–448, 2014].
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Teasdale, P. "Pore water sampling with sediment peepers." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 14, no. 6 (July 1995): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(95)91617-2.

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Sidney Saylor Farr. "Coltsfoot, Spring Peepers, and New Potatoes." Appalachian Heritage 36, no. 2 (2008): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.0.0010.

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Strain, Gabriel F., Philip J. Turk, Jordan Helmick, and James T. Anderson. "Amphibian reproductive success as a gauge of functional equivalency of created wetlands in the Central Appalachians." Wildlife Research 44, no. 4 (2017): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15177.

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Context Evaluating the adequacy of created wetlands to replace the functions of lost natural wetlands is important because wetland mitigation is a major tool used to offset wetland losses. However, measurements such as vegetative cover and presence of wildlife may not provide sufficient evidence that created wetlands are functioning properly. Thus, examining the ecology of wetland biota such as that of amphibians may be a more useful surrogate for function. Aims The objectives of this study were to compare the abundance of amphibian metamorphs and survival and growth of larval amphibians in created wetlands, relative to natural wetlands. Methods Amphibian metamorphs were trapped in created and natural wetlands during the spring (April–May) and summer (June–August) of 2009 and 2010, and 165 green frog (Lithobates clamitans) larvae were raised during the spring of 2010 in laboratory aquaria containing water from created or natural wetlands. Key results Abundance of spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) metamorphs decreased significantly from 2009 to 2010 and abundance of green frog metamorphs increased with habitat complexity, but both were unaffected by wetland type. Detection probability of metamorphs of both species was low, increased with water temperature and declined with month of observation. Survival, growth curves and mass were similar among green frog larvae raised in created and natural wetland aquaria. Conclusions Our results suggest that the created and natural wetlands we examined function similarly with respect to providing adequate breeding habitat for green frogs and spring peepers. Implications Wetlands created to offset the loss of natural wetlands, although generally not designed for the purpose of wildlife habitat, can function as adequate breeding habitat for generalist amphibians such as green frogs and spring peepers.
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Wang, Frederick M. "Jeepers Creepers, Where'd You Get Those Peepers?" Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus 53, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20161017-01.

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Pennisi, Elizabeth. "Jeepers, creatures, where'd you get those peepers?" Science 364, no. 6440 (May 9, 2019): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.364.6440.520.

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Raymond, James T., Tim Reichard, Wynona Shellabarger, Robert Nordhausen, and Michael M. Garner. "Inclusion Body Myositis in Spring Peepers (Pseudacris Crucifer)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 14, no. 6 (January 2002): 501–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870201400610.

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Russell, Ronald W., Stephen J. Hecnar, and G. Douglas Haffner. "Organochlorine pesticide residues in Southern Ontario spring peepers." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14, no. 5 (May 1995): 815–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620140511.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peepers"

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Wilhite, Kyle. "Sexual Selection in the Spring Peeper, Pseudacris crucifier , and Multimodal Signaling in the Tungara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus." Thesis, Salisbury University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1525306.

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Communication facilitates almost every social interaction between organisms and this communication is especially important for mate acquisition. Anuran amphibians are an excellent model system to study mate choice behaviors and sexual selection. In this work I recorded male calls of the spring peeper, Pseudacris crucifer, between two populations (Maryland and Louisiana) and analyzed call parameters such as frequency, duration, and rise and fall time. I found differences in the frequency and the frequency sweep of the calls. I conducted choice experiments to test female mating preferences in the Louisiana population and found a preference for longer calls over short calls. Females did not express a preference for frequency, frequency sweep, or local (LA) versus foreign (MD) calls. I also conducted multimodal signaling experiments on the túngara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus. I used natural calls and a robotic túngara frog to determine how females assess different signal modalities (auditory versus visual). I tested previously established attractive calls against unattractive calls, paired with the robo-frog and inflating vocal sac, to see if the visual stimulus would modulate the attractiveness of the call. The presence of the vocal sac did not make the unattractive call more attractive. The vocal sac may have important implications for localization in a more complex environment but here, it did not act as a mate attracting signal. This study provides the ground work necessary for multimodal signaling in spring peepers and for complex sensory environment choice tests in the túngara frog.

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Rogers, Bryan William. "Geographic variability in components of the male advertisement call among populations of the northern spring peeper, Pseudacris crucifer crucifer." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0023/MQ50482.pdf.

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Fedewa, Luke Anthony. "Microbial ecology of developing southern toads, spring peepers, and narrow-mouthed toads." 2003. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/fedewa%5Fluke%5Fa%5F200312%5Fms.

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Creeper, Nathan Leonard. "Inland acid sulfate soils in the floodplain wetlands of the Murray- Darling Basin: regional occurrence using rapid methods and the impacts of reflooding on water quality." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119793.

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A full appreciation of the extent and significance of acid sulfate soils (ASS) in Australia's inland environments has only recently been realised, in contrast to ASS in Australia’s modern-day coastal zones, which have been well studied over the last four decades. Investigations into the inland ASS systems of the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB), Australia's largest river system, did not occur with any intensity prior to 2006. A number of key knowledge gaps exist concerning the occurrence, properties and behaviour of inland ASS systems in the MDB. These knowledge gaps, combined with the ecological and economic significance of the MDB, and the potential for environmental and infrastructure degradation through ASS acidification, provided the incentive for this research project. The main objective was to advance the understanding of inland ASS in the MDB. This was achieved by answering two key research questions: What is the prevalence and distribution of ASS with hypersulfidic and sulfuric materials in the floodplain wetlands of the MDB? What are the dominant geochemical pathways taken following freshwater reflooding of inland ASS containing sulfuric materials and the timescales of impact? The first research question was answered through a regional assessment of ASS in the MDB and represents the most extensive estimate of the basin-wide occurrence of inland ASS in the floodplain wetlands of the MDB thus far. As part of a government funded initiative, regional environmental officers collected approximately 7200 wetland soil samples, which were then submitted for soil incubation tests. The large number of samples requiring analysis, and the need for the rapid and robust classification of hypersulfidic materials led to the development of a simplified incubation method (see Chapter 2). This method was found to offer significant improvements over existing incubation methods. Firstly, the use of chip-trays as incubation vessels was found to offer many advantages in terms of transport, storage and analysis of soil samples compared with soil-slabs. Secondly, the conditional extension of the incubation period resulted in the accurate classification of slowly acidifying hypersulfidic materials whist maintaining a minimal test length. Following its development, the simplified incubation method was used to assess the acidification potential of ca. 2500 profiles in over 1000 wetlands located throughout the MDB (see Chapter 3). The results of pH measurements made before and following soil incubation were used to estimate the prevalence and distribution of sulfuric and hypersulfidic ASS materials across the MDB. A total of 238 floodplain wetlands, representing 23% of the total wetlands assessed, were found to contain soils that severely acidified (pH < 4) when oxidised. The number of these soils, the majority of which are likely to be hypersulfidic ASS materials, indicates that inland ASS are prevalent in the floodplain wetlands of the MDB. As a result, the potential existence of inland ASS should be a key consideration for wetland management plans in any floodplain wetland located in the MDB. The distribution of ASS materials in the MDB was investigated by dividing it into 13 geographical regions, whose boundaries roughly followed hydrological catchment boundaries. The distribution of acidification hazard was non-uniform throughout the MDB. The geographical regions with the greatest acidification hazard were in the southern MDB, downstream of the Murray-Darling confluence, and in catchments on the southern side of the Murray River channel in Victoria. The non-uniform distribution of ASS throughout the MDB has implications for the successful management of inland ASS in the MDB, whereby regions presenting the greatest acidification should receive much greater attention. Overall, the development of the simplified incubation method and the extensive broad-scale assessment of ASS in the MDB provided policy makers with a valuable screening tool, helping them to identify priority wetlands and regions that required more detailed IASS investigations. The second research question was answered through two focused field studies, which applied in situ sampling and monitoring techniques to investigate the geochemical behaviour of severely acidified inland ASS materials following reflooding by freshwater. The reflooding of severely acidified inland ASS by freshwater has been suggested as a viable remediation method. However, this hypothesis is based on observations made in coastal ASS systems following reflooding by sea water and had not yet been extensively documented in freshwater systems at the commencement of this research project. In the first study, equilibrium dialysis membrane samplers were used to investigate in situ changes to soil acidity and abundance of metals and metalloids following the first 24 months of restored subaqueous conditions (see Chapter 4) In the second study, mesocosms were installed in situ to simulate reflooding and the key geochemical pathways were documented through continuous in situ redox monitoring and the use of in situ soil solution samplers (see Chapter 5). In both studies, the strongly buffered low pH conditions of the oxidised sulfuric materials and the limited supply of external alkalinity in freshwater systems meant that soil acidity persisted for more than 24 months following reflooding. The persisting low pH conditions, along with insufficiently reducing redox conditions, and competitive exclusion by iron(III)-reducing bacteria were suspected to inhibit sulfate reduction. Following the eventual removal of the above limitations it is hypothesised that the lack of readily available soil organic carbon will further inhibit sulfate reduction. Under continued absence of net in situ alkalinity production, via the formation of reduced inorganic iron and sulfur species, observed trajectories indicate that neutralisation of soil acidity may take several years. Small increases in soil pH confined to within 10 cm of the soil-water interface were observed after 24 months of subaqueous conditions. Substantial decreases in the concentrations of some metals and metalloids were observed to coincide with the small increases in soil pH, most likely owing to lower solubility and sorption as a consequence of the increase in pH. In the acidic porewaters, aluminium activity was consistent with a control by a solid phase aluminium species with stoichiometry Al:OH:SO4 (e.g. jurbanite). In the same acidic porewaters, iron and sulfate activity were regulated by the dissolution of natrojarosite. Following the establishment of reducing conditions, the reductive dissolution of accumulated natrojarosite and schwertmannite phases was responsible for large increases in total dissolved iron. The differing physical properties and chemical characteristics, such as stored acidity and contaminant concentrations, of dominantly clayey soils and dominantly sandy soils, led to contrasting impacts on the transport of solutes following reflooding (diffusive versus advective flow, respectively) and timescales of recovery. A number of key geochemical processes influencing the porewater concentrations of acidity, iron, aluminium, and metals and metalloids following reflooding by freshwater were observed in these severely acidified inland ASS systems. These physical and geochemical processes were summarised in two conceptual hydrogeochemical process models, which were used to distil complex information and convey it in a format readily understandable to a non-ASS specialist audience.
Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, 2015.
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Tate, Laura Stuart. "Habitat fragmentation and the distribution of the Spring Peeper (Hyla crucifer) in south-central Wisconsin." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31233493.html.

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Stewart, Kathryn. "Contact zone dynamics and the evolution of reproductive isolation in a North American treefrog, the spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer)." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7841.

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Despite over seven decades of speciation research and 25 years of phylogeographic studies, a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms that generate biological species remains elusive. In temperate zones, the pervasiveness of range fragmentation and subsequent range expansions suggests that secondary contact between diverging lineages may be important in the evolution of species. Thus, such contact zones provide compelling opportunities to investigate evolutionary processes, particularly the roles of geographical isolation in initiating, and indirect selection against hybrids in completing (reinforcement), the evolution of reproductive isolation and speciation. The spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) has six well-supported mitochondrial lineages many of which are now in secondary contact. Here I investigate the evolutionary consequences of secondary contact of two such lineages (Eastern and Interior) in Southwestern Ontario using genetic, morphological, acoustical, experimental, and behavioural evidence to show accentuated divergence of the mate recognition system in sympatry. Mitochondrial and microsatellite data distinguish these two lineages but also show ongoing hybridization. Bayesian assignment tests and cline analysis imply asymmetrical introgression of Eastern lineage nuclear markers into Interior populations. Male calls are divergent between Eastern and Interior allopatric populations and show asymmetrical reproductive character displacement in sympatry. Female preference of pure lineage individuals is also exaggerated in sympatry, with hybrids showing intermediate traits and preference. I suggest that these patterns are most consistent with secondary reinforcement. I assessed levels of post-zygotic isolation between the Eastern and Interior lineages using a laboratory hybridization experiment. Hybrid tadpoles showed equal to or greater fitness than their pure lineage counterparts, but this may be countered through competition. More deformities and developmental anomalies in hybrid tadpoles further suggest post-zygotic isolation. Despite evidence for pre-mating isolation between the two lineages, isolation appears incomplete (i.e. hybridization is ongoing). I hypothesize that potentially less attractive hybrids may circumvent female choice by adopting satellite behaviour. Although mating tactics are related to body size, genetic status may play a role. I show that pure Eastern males almost always engage in calling, while hybrids adopt a satellite tactic. An absence of assortative mating, despite evidence of female preference, suggests successful satellite interception possibly facilitating introgression.
Thesis (Ph.D, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2013-03-04 16:01:33.892
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PAN, YI-CHENG, and 潘奕丞. "The Creation Discourse on Interaction of Peeping and Being Peeped in installation art - Taking " PEEP" Creation Series for Example." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/znt922.

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碩士
國立臺南大學
視覺藝術與設計學系碩士班
106
Since my growning backgrond and family education are sexual conservation, this belief contributes to the motivation of this study and art creation. The purpose of this study was to investigate different generations and points of view by women's issues not just genders. The art works were presented by 1950s, 1970s, and 1990s, and they separately standed for the ages of parents, self, and the youth. The research offered the arguments for women's issues from different generations through the art works. Also, let the audience learn to take the external views to this issue by the interaction with the art works. I presented my art works with different skills I had learned and applied how to intergate art and design. As to design, the action observation of the audience became one part of creation, hoping that the art works not only can be appreciated but also be presented in funny ways by the audience ‘s peeping and being peeped while interacting with the works. In the survay, this study was to discuss the erotic performance and creation of western and easteren styles among different generations. The findings of analysis and appliacations could be showen on the works. The audience would understand the differences of every generation through the work display and reconsider the women’s issues.
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Books on the topic "Peepers"

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Bunting, Eve. Peepers. San Diego: Harcourt Brace & Company, 2000.

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illustrator, Mourning Tuesday, ed. Princess Peepers. New York: Scholastic, 2009.

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ill, Mourning Tuesday, ed. Princess Peepers. New York: Marshall Cavendish Children, 2008.

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Calvert, Pam. Princess Peepers picks a pet. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Children, 2011.

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Calvert, Pam. Princess Peepers picks a pet. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Children, 2011.

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Thomson, Neil, 1948 August 8- artist, ed. Finders peepers: Photo puzzle fun. London: Franklin Watts, 2014.

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Karns, Marie. The incredible peepers of Penelope Budd. Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith, 2005.

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Hollows, peepers, and highlanders: An Appalachian Mountain ecology. Missoula, Mont: Mountain Press Pub. Co., 1994.

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Hollows, peepers, and highlanders: An Appalachian Mountain ecology. 2nd ed. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2004.

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Jeepers peepers!: A gallery of American pin-up art. Portland, OR: Collectors Press, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Peepers"

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Lewis, Sophie C. "The Nature Peepers." In A Changing Climate for Science, 75–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54265-2_5.

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Hartel, Richard W., and AnnaKate Hartel. "Marshmallow Peeps." In Food Bites, 173–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75845-9_55.

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Belgrave, Faye Z., and Joshua K. Brevard. "Peers and Peeps." In African American Boys, 49–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1717-4_4.

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Johnson, Lynne D. "’Pod Peeps: Why the iPad and Other Gadgets Are Fashion Staples in the ’Hood." In Fashion Statements, 119–25. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230115408_16.

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"PEEPERS IN MARCH." In Out of Nowhere, 44. Ohio University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv224tw57.30.

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"Peepers in February." In Mothman Apologia, 83–84. Yale University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv29sg046.42.

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"Peepers in February." In Mothman Apologia, 83–84. Yale University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/9780300264975-040.

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Roberts, Len. "Spring Peepers, April, Wassergass." In Common Wealth, 85–86. Penn State University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780271031910-063.

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"Spring Peepers, Winter Sleepers." In Through a Naturalist's Eyes, 107–10. University Press of New England, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1xx9cf2.32.

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ROBERTS, LEN. "Spring Peepers, April, Wassergass." In Common Wealth, 85–86. Penn State University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv15wxmzh.65.

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Conference papers on the topic "Peepers"

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Zhang, Chuwen, Boyang Zhou, Zerui Tian, Liang Cheng, Yuxi Liu, Huayu Zhang, Song Chen, et al. "TSN-Peeper: an Efficient Traffic Monitor in Time-Sensitive Networking." In 2022 IEEE 30th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnp55882.2022.9940335.

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Guanziroli, Mariateresa, Davide Chiumello, Miriam Gotti, Antonella Marino, Massimo Cressoni, Chiara Chiurazzi, and Luciano Gattinoni. "PEEP’s effect on Energy Load in obese, ARDS and control patients." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.oa306.

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Martin, Maela M., Elif Miskioğlu, Cooper Noble, Allison McIntyre, Caroline Bolton, and Adam R. Carberry. "Predicting and Evaluating Engineering Problem Solving (PEEPS): Instrument Development." In 9th Research in Engineering Education Symposium & 32nd Australasian Association for Engineering Education Conference. https://reen.co/: Research in Enineering Education Network (REEN), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/066488-0081.

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MAO, YAN-JIE, and ZONG-HUA LI. "CONSTRUCTION AND ALIENATION: RESEARCH ON FEMALE IMAGES IN WEBCAST." In 2021 International Conference on Education, Humanity and Language, Art. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/ehla2021/35723.

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In recent years, webcasting has developed in a spurt, giving birth to a large number of camgirl communities. The interconnection of virtual fields and real spaces has made the appearance of webcast subjects a social phenomenon worthy of attention. The network media empowers people and brings new fields and opportunities for the development of female subjectivity. Camgirls based on identity and subjective expression participate in the process of constructing their own image. In the diverse and fluid cyberspace field and in the age of entertainment, the conspiracy of image capital and visual consumption has continuously created and produced a subculture in the live broadcast field, causing the construction of female images from "subjective fiction." The shift to "symbol alienation" has caused the female body to be continuously desired, materialized, symbolized, disciplined and peeped. Behind the image of the network camgirl, it conveys the changes of human society and culture, the variation of the real space and the network field, and it is worthy of our reflection and discussion.
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Horn, Diane P., and Simon P. H. Lane. "MEASUREMENT OF HIGH-FREQUENCY BED LEVEL CHANGES IN THE SWASH ZONE USING PHOTO-ELECTRONIC EROSION PINS (PEEPS)." In Proceedings of the 30th International Conference. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812709554_0219.

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Freund, Yonathan, Anne Laure Philippon, Anne Laure Feral-Pierssens, Clara Damas Perrichet, Samia Boussouar, Victoria Donciu, Marine Cachanado, and Pierre Alexis Raynal. "Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with isolated syncope in the emergency department: the PEEPS multicenter prospective cohort study." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa3645.

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Reports on the topic "Peepers"

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Dr. John A. Baumann. Production of Energy Efficient Preform Structures (PEEPS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1042703.

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Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Isle Royale National Park. National Park Service, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295506.

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Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Isle Royale National Park (ISRO). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at ISRO in 2015. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. The monitoring program detected all seven species of frog and toad known to occur at ISRO in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Green Frog and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled, and Wood Frog at six sites. Gray Treefrog, Mink Frog, and Boreal Chorus Frog were found at only one or two sites each. Northern Leopard Frog has yet to be confirmed at ISRO in this GLKN monitoring program. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance (as opposed to occupancy) across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. There were no significant data collection issues in 2019. Three units stopped collecting data early but these data gaps did not compromise sampling rigor or analysis. Since temperature logs show that the threshold of ≥40°F was often exceeded by 1 April in 2019, making 15 March a start date for data collection may be considered if park personnel feel snow and ice cover would be reduced enough by that date as well. We do recommend making sure that temperature logger solar shields in future are not hanging in such a manner as to be banging against anything in a breeze, as this contaminates the soundscape
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3

Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. National Park Service, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295512.

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Abstract:
Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at SLBE in 2013. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. The monitoring program detected five of the six species of frog and toad known to occur at SLBE in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Gray Treefrog, Green Frog and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled. Wood Frog was found at one new site, and Northern Leopard Frog was not confirmed in 2019 but was detected at five sites in 2018. There were no significant data collection issues in 2019 except for late deployment of SLBE11, which limited data analyses for this site. Remaining sites successfully collected data as programmed. Cumulative data collection result summaries since inception are provided in appendices. Since temperature logs show that the threshold of ≥40°F was often exceeded by 1 April in 2019, making 15 March a start date for data collection may be considered if park personnel feel snow and ice cover would be reduced enough by that date as well.
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4

Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore. National Park Service, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295509.

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Abstract:
Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (PIRO). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at PIRO in 2013. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. The monitoring program detected five of the six species of frog and toad known to occur at PIRO in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Gray Treefrog, Green Frog, and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled. Wood Frog was found at five sites. Mink Frog is known to occur at Sand Point but has never been confirmed at sites monitored by this GLKN program. Additional species of potential occurrence remain hypothetical (i.e., Northern Leopard Frog). The only significant data collection issue in 2019 was at PIRO02, where the equipment recorded only intermittently resulting in only partial data analysis possible. Remaining sites successfully collected data as programmed. Cumulative program result summaries since inception are provided in appendices. Temperature logs in 2019 showed that the threshold of ≥40°F was uniformly exceeded by 1 May, hence we recommend making 10 April the target start date for data collection in future. This could be accomplished by fall deployment of recorders on delayed starts. We also recommend making sure that recorders are mounted 6–10 feet high to better survey the soundscape with less interference from foliage, and that temperature loggers be placed within solar shields.
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