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1

Pollacco, J. A. P. "A generally applicable pedotransfer function that estimates field capacity and permanent wilting point from soil texture and bulk density." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 88, no. 5 (November 1, 2008): 761–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss07120.

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Hydrological models require the determination of fitting parameters that are tedious and time consuming to acquire. A rapid alternative method of estimating the fitting parameters is to use pedotransfer functions. This paper proposes a reliable method to estimate soil moisture at -33 and -1500 kPa from soil texture and bulk density. This method reduces the saturated moisture content by multiplying it with two non-linear functions depending on sand and clay contents. The novel pedotransfer function has no restrictions on the range of the texture predictors and gives reasonable predictions for soils with bulk density that varies from 0.25 to 2.16 g cm-3. These pedotransfer functions require only five parameters for each pressure head. It is generally accepted that the introduction of organic matter as a predictor improves the outcomes; however it was found by using a porosity based pedotransfer model, using organic matter as a predictor only modestly improves the accuracy. The model was developed employing 18 559 samples from the IGBP-DIS soil data set for pedotransfer function development (Data and Information System of the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme) database that embodies all major soils across the United States of America. The function is reliable and performs well for a wide range of soils occurring in very dry to very wet climates. Climatical grouping of the IGBP-DIS soils was proposed (aquic, tropical, cryic, aridic), but the results show that only tropical soils require specific grouping. Among many other different non-climatical soil groups tested, only humic and vitric soils were found to require specific grouping. The reliability of the pedotransfer function was further demonstrated with an independent database from Northern Italy having heterogeneous soils, and was found to be comparable or better than the accuracy of other pedotransfer functions found in the literature. Key words: Pedotransfer functions, soil moisture, soil texture, bulk density, organic matter, grouping
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2

Cagliari, Joice, Maurício Roberto Veronez, and Marcelo Eduardo Alves. "Remaining phosphorus estimated by pedotransfer function." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 35, no. 1 (February 2011): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832011000100019.

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Although the determination of remaining phosphorus (Prem) is simple, accurate values could also be estimated with a pedotransfer function (PTF) aiming at the additional use of soil analysis data and/or Prem replacement by an even simpler determination. The purpose of this paper was to develop a pedotransfer function to estimate Prem values of soils of the State of São Paulo based on properties with easier or routine laboratory determination. A pedotransfer function was developed by artificial neural networks (ANN) from a database of Prem values, pH values measured in 1 mol L-1 NaF solution (pH NaF) and soil chemical and physical properties of samples collected during soil classification activities carried out in the State of São Paulo by the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC). Furthermore, a pedotransfer function was developed by regressing Prem values against the same predictor variables of the ANN-based PTF. Results showed that Prem values can be calculated more accurately with the ANN-based pedotransfer function with the input variables pH NaF values along with the sum of exchangeable bases (SB) and the exchangeable aluminum (Al3+) soil content. In addition, the accuracy of the Prem estimates by ANN-based PTF were more sensitive to increases in the experimental database size. Although the database used in this study was not comprehensive enough for the establishment of a definitive pedotrasnfer function for Prem estimation, results indicated the inclusion of Prem and pH NaF measurements among the soil testing evaluations as promising ind order to provide a greater database for the development of an ANN-based pedotransfer function for accurate Prem estimates from pH NaF, SB, and Al3+ values.
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3

Matula, S., and K. Špongrová. "Pedotransfer function application for estimation of soil hydrophysical properties using parametric methods." Plant, Soil and Environment 53, No. 4 (January 7, 2008): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2308-pse.

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Soil hydraulic properties are needed as input data to describe and simulate the transport of water and solutes in the soil profile. The most important characteristics are the soil moisture retention curve (SMRC) &theta;(<i>h</i>) and the hydraulic conductivity function <i>k</i>(&theta;) or <i>k</i>(<i>h</i>), where &theta; is the soil moisture content, <i>h</i> is the pressure head and <i>k</i> is the hydraulic conductivity. SMRC represents the amount of water remaining in the soil under equilibrium conditions and is unique for each soil. The measurement of SMRC is laborious and time-consuming and so there are not enough data available sometimes. Various SMRC estimation models have been proposed and used extensively to overcome this problem. Other more easily available soil properties, such as particle size distribution, organic matter content, soil structure and bulk density, were used for the estimation of SMRC. Bouma and van Lanen (1987) called these models &ldquo;transfer functions&rdquo;, and later on they were called &ldquo;pedotransfer functions&rdquo;. This study is based on European works by Wösten et al. (1998, 1999), and others. The pedotransfer functions derived by Wösten et al. (1998) were used in the first part of the study. In the second part, the authors derived their own pedotransfer functions for the sites where all necessary data were available. The methodology of data processing was similar to that used by Wösten et al. (1998) for continuous pedotransfer functions. The use of continuous pedotransfer functions was tested on data sets from several sites in the Czech Republic (Cerhovice, Černičí, Brozany, Ovesná Lhota, Tupadly, Džbánov, Podlesí and Žichlínek). Unfortunately, the available Czech data sets are not as large as the data sets used in Wösten&rsquo;s work. Quite good new estimates of SMRC (expressed as pF curves) were found e.g. for the Cerhovice and Černičí sites; the estimates for a man-made soil profile in Brozany and for natural soils in Ovesná Lhota, Tupadly, Džbánov, Podlesí and Žichlínek were less successful, partly because of insufficient input data. The applications of continuous pedotransfer functions derived by Wösten et al. (1998) for the Czech data sets were not very successful, either. The quality and size of the input data sets are critical factors for a successful use of pedotransfer functions.
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4

Vlček, Vítězslav, and Vítězslav Hybler. "Verification of Appropriateness of Selected Pedotransfer Functions for the Basic Use in Agriculture of the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 5 (2015): 1625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563051625.

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Soil is a huge reservoir of water used by plants in periods without precipitation and significantly affects the hydrological balance of any territory. To evaluate the hydrological balance of any piece of the land given, it is therefore necessary to carry out the analysis of the hydro-physical conditions. To speed up and simplify the determination of basic hydro-physical properties of soil man developed and began to use the so-called pedotransfer functions (PTF). Comparison of domestic and foreign works, however, faces problems such as the definition of available water supplies in different countries. In the research project “Specification of the available supplies of nitrogen and water in the soil profile and determining the effective depth of crops’ roots” we have dealt with the selection of suitable pedotransfer functions necessary for basic agricultural production with the requirement of minimal amount of input data. For our research we chose several PTFs developed and used in the Czech Republic for a long time, with a minimum of input data, and several new PTFs from foreign authors with greater correlation, but also a greater need of input data, and we compared each other. The best correlation between values and the pedotransfer function for the field water capacity and for the wilting point seems to be the PTF according to Tomasella and PTF according to Batjes. Pedotransfer function according to Váša, in terms of volume of input data, appears better.
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5

Cooper, Elizabeth, Eleanor Blyth, Hollie Cooper, Rich Ellis, Ewan Pinnington, and Simon J. Dadson. "Using data assimilation to optimize pedotransfer functions using field-scale in situ soil moisture observations." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 2445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2445-2021.

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Abstract. Soil moisture predictions from land surface models are important in hydrological, ecological, and meteorological applications. In recent years, the availability of wide-area soil moisture measurements has increased, but few studies have combined model-based soil moisture predictions with in situ observations beyond the point scale. Here we show that we can markedly improve soil moisture estimates from the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) land surface model using field-scale observations and data assimilation techniques. Rather than directly updating soil moisture estimates towards observed values, we optimize constants in the underlying pedotransfer functions, which relate soil texture to JULES soil physics parameters. In this way, we generate a single set of newly calibrated pedotransfer functions based on observations from a number of UK sites with different soil textures. We demonstrate that calibrating a pedotransfer function in this way improves the soil moisture predictions of a land surface model at 16 UK sites, leading to the potential for better flood, drought, and climate projections.
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6

da Silva, Alessandra Calegari, Robson André Armindo, Alexsandro dos Santos Brito, and Marcel G. Schaap. "SPLINTEX: A physically-based pedotransfer function for modeling soil hydraulic functions." Soil and Tillage Research 174 (December 2017): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.07.011.

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7

Caviglione, João H. "Pedotransfer functions of soil water properties to estimate the S-index." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 22, no. 7 (July 2018): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n7p465-470.

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ABSTRACT One big challenge for soil science is to translate existing data into data that is needed. Pedotransfer functions have been proposed for this purpose and they can be point or parametric when estimating the water retention characteristics. Many indicators of soil physical quality have been proposed, including the S-Index proposed by Dexter. The objective of this study was to assess the use of pedotransfer functions for soil water retention to estimate the S-index under field conditions in the diversity of soils of the Paraná state. Soil samples were collected from 36 sites with textures ranging from sandy to heavy clay in the layers of 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m and under two conditions (native forest and cultivated soil). Water content at six matric potentials, bulk density and contents of clay, sand and silt were determined. Soil-water retention curve was fitted by the van Genuchten-Mualem model and the S-index was calculated. S-index was estimated from water retention curves obtained by the pedotransfer function of Tomasella (point and parametric). Although the coefficient of determination varied from 0.759 to 0.895, modeling efficiency was negative and the regression coefficient between observed and predicted data was different from 1 in all comparisons. Under field conditions in the soil diversity of the Paraná state, restrictions were found in S-index estimation using the evaluated pedotransfer functions.
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8

Sněhota, M., M. Dubovec, M. Dohnal, and M. Císlerová. "Retention curves of soil from the liz experimental catchment obtained by three methods." Soil and Water Research 4, Special Issue 2 (March 19, 2010): S6—S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/482-swr.

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The retention curves were measured in the soil from the Liz experimental catchment (Šumava). The sand table and pressure extractor methods were used to obtain a 13-point retention curve for undisturbed soil samples taken from 6 depths. The data points of the individual retention curves were fitted in with the analytical expression of and the reference retention curves were calculated for each depth by scaling. For the same soil, the retention curves were estimated by the artificial neural network method by and the use of the empirical Pedotransfer function. The numerical experiment, which represented the infiltration and redistribution processes, was conducted using of all three sets of retention curves. Simulated water storages and pressure fields obtained using two sets of estimated parameters produced similar results, however they did not approximate well the modelling results obtained with the use of the measured reference parameter set. Of the two sets of pedotransfer functions (PTFs), which have been tested in this study, the empirical PTF of showed a slightly better agreement with the measured retention curves. The results give a guideline for the application of the retention curves estimation by the pedotransfer function for the soil from the Liz catchment.
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9

Pinnington, Ewan, Javier Amezcua, Elizabeth Cooper, Simon Dadson, Rich Ellis, Jian Peng, Emma Robinson, Ross Morrison, Simon Osborne, and Tristan Quaife. "Improving soil moisture prediction of a high-resolution land surface model by parameterising pedotransfer functions through assimilation of SMAP satellite data." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 1617–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1617-2021.

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Abstract. Pedotransfer functions are used to relate gridded databases of soil texture information to the soil hydraulic and thermal parameters of land surface models. The parameters within these pedotransfer functions are uncertain and calibrated through analyses of point soil samples. How these calibrations relate to the soil parameters at the spatial scale of modern land surface models is unclear because gridded databases of soil texture represent an area average. We present a novel approach for calibrating such pedotransfer functions to improve land surface model soil moisture prediction by using observations from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite mission within a data assimilation framework. Unlike traditional calibration procedures, data assimilation always takes into account the relative uncertainties given to both model and observed estimates to find a maximum likelihood estimate. After performing the calibration procedure, we find improved estimates of soil moisture and heat flux for the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) land surface model (run at a 1 km resolution) when compared to estimates from a cosmic-ray soil moisture monitoring network (COSMOS-UK) and three flux tower sites. The spatial resolution of the COSMOS probes is much more representative of the 1 km model grid than traditional point-based soil moisture sensors. For 11 cosmic-ray neutron soil moisture probes located across the modelled domain, we find an average 22 % reduction in root mean squared error, a 16 % reduction in unbiased root mean squared error and a 16 % increase in correlation after using data assimilation techniques to retrieve new pedotransfer function parameters.
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10

Steenhuis, Tammo S., Miroslav Hrnčíř, Dina Poteau, Eva J. Romero Luna, Seifu A. Tilahun, Luis A. Caballero, Christian D. Guzman, et al. "A Saturated Excess Runoff Pedotransfer Function for Vegetated Watersheds." Vadose Zone Journal 12, no. 4 (November 2013): vzj2013.03.0060. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2013.03.0060.

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11

Hewelke, Piotr, Edyta Hewelke, Ryszard Oleszczuk, and Marcin Kwas. "The application of pedotransfer functions in the estimation of water retention in alluvial soils in Żuławy Wiślane, northern Poland." Soil Science Annual 69, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2018-0001.

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Abstract The aim of the studies was the assessment of the usefulness of selected pedotransfer function for calculating the water retention of alluvial soils in Żuławy Wiślane. Żuławy Wiślane are an important area, both as far as agricultural production and environmental values are concerned. The analysis accounted for three models, i.e.: van Genuchten-Wösten, Varellyay and Mieronienko, Hewelke et al. Based on 122 dataset of alluvial soils from the Żuławy area, the statistical relationships between the measured values of total available water and values calculated for individual models were analysed. The studies carried out indicate that the analysed pedotransfer functions are characterized by different compatibilities with results obtained by means of direct measurement. The lowest average errors of fit were obtained for the Hewelke et al. and van Genuchten models.
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12

Foldal, Cecilie, Robert Jandl, Andreas Bohner, and Ambros Berger. "Deriving regional pedotransfer functions to estimate soil bulk density in Austria." Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment 71, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/boku-2020-0020.

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Summary Soil bulk density is a required variable for quantifying stocks of elements in soils and is therefore instrumental for the evaluation of land-use related climate change mitigation measures. Our motivation was to derive a set of pedotransfer functions for soil bulk densities usable to accommodate different levels of data availabilities. We derived sets of linear equations for bulk density that are appropriate for different forms of land-use. After introducing uncertainty factors for measured parameters, we ran the linear models repeatedly in a Monte Carlo simulation in order to test the impact of inaccuracy. The reliability of the models was evaluated by a cross-validation. The single best predictor of soil bulk density is the content of soil organic carbon, yielding estimates with an adjusted R2 of approximately 0.5. A slight improvement of the estimate is possible when additionally, soil texture and soil depth are known. Residual analysis advocated the derivation of land-use specific models. Using transformed variables and assessing land-use specific pedotransfer functions, the determination coefficient (adjusted R2) of the multiple linear models ranged from 0.43 in cropland up to 0.65 for grassland soils. Compared to pedotransfer function, from the literature, the performance of the linear modes were similar but more accurate. Taking into account the likely inaccuracies when measuring soil organic carbon, the soil bulk density can be estimated with an accuracy of +/− 9 to 25% depending on land-use. We recommend measuring soil bulk density by standardized sampling of undisturbed soil cores, followed by post-processing of the samples in the lab by internationally harmonized protocols. Our pedotransfer functions are accurately and transparently presented, and derived from well-documented and high-quality soil data sets. We therefore consider them particularly useful in Austria, where the measured values for soil bulk densities are not available.
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13

Fodor, N., and K. Rajkai. "Analysis of measured and estimated saturated hydraulic conductivities using HUNSODA." Agrokémia és Talajtan 59, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.59.2010.1.3.

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Ten pedotransfer functions (PTF) estimating soil saturated hydraulic conductivity were investigated using the HunSODA database and the SOILarium 2.0 software. The predicting efficiency of the PTFs was investigated by using statistical indicators, such as the expected value of absolute as well as relative errors. The estimated values, along with measured values of two characteristic Hungarian sites were used in a model application for simulating infiltration during a heavy rainfall event. When choosing a pedotransfer function it is most safe to choose an empirical PTF or a PTF that was developed on a large base dataset applying a not-too-simple not-too-complex formula. Considering the uncertainty related to arbitrary choosing a PTF and using its estimation in a model application, it is more safer to measure than estimate the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil.
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Alvarez-Acosta, Carlos, Robert J. Lascano, and Leo Stroosnijder. "Test of the Rosetta Pedotransfer Function for Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity." Open Journal of Soil Science 02, no. 03 (2012): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2012.23025.

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15

Nussbaum, Madlene, Andreas Papritz, Stephan Zimmermann, and Lorenz Walthert. "Pedotransfer function to predict density of forest soils in Switzerland." Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 179, no. 3 (April 5, 2016): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201500546.

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16

Ghanbarian-Alavijeh, B., and A. M. Liaghat. "Evaluation of soil texture data for estimating soil water retention curve." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 89, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss08066.

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The soil water retention curve (SWRC) is one of the basic characteristics used in determining soil hydraulic properties, including unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. As its measurement is time consuming and difficult, much effort has been expended to develop indirect methods, such as pedotransfer functions and empirical relationships, to estimate SWRC. In this study, three methods were evaluated based on estimation of retention models parameters and, consequently, the soil water retention curve. For this purpose, soil data collected from three data bases, totaling 72 soil samples with 11 different textures, were used in this study. The statistical parameters such as: MR (mean of residual), RE (relative error), RMSE (root mean square error), AIC (Akaike’s information criterion) and GMER (geometric mean error ratio) showed that the Saxton et al. (1986) method estimates the soil water retention curve better than the other methods.Key words: Pedotransfer function, soil texture, soil water retention curve
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17

Joosse, P. J., and R. A. McBride. "Assessing physical quality of plastic soils of differing mineralogy and pre-stress history using mechanical parameters. I. Saturated compression tests." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 83, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s01-006.

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The comparison of selected soil mechanical parameters measured on plastic soils under remoulded and structurally intact conditions may provide an opportunity to assess soil structural quality on a regional or even broader scale. This study was conducted to determine: (i) if existing pedotransfer functions developed for southwestern Ontario soils could be used outside this physiographic region, and (ii) if key mechanical parameters were sensitive to a range of land use conditions that are likely to influence soil structural quality. Soil profiles were sampled in natural (forested or grassland), agricultural and pipeline workspace areas (land use variable) located in southwestern Ontario, eastern Ontario, Alberta and Texas (mineralogy variable). Slurry consolidation and uniaxial compression tests were conducted on remoulded and structurally intact samples, the resulting void ratio-log stress [e(logσ')]data were fitted to linear or nonlinear model equations, respectively, and several key mechanical parameters were derived. The effective stresses at the liquid and plastic limits could not be adequately estimated for soils with smectitic mineralogy using existing pedotransfer functions because of the absence of a significant relationship with organic carbon content. The difference between void ratio intercepts for remoulded and structurally intact soils (e*1kPa–e0) was found to be a suitable indicator of physical soil quality because of the convergence of remoulded and structured compression lines in e(logσ') co-ordinates. Severely overconsolidated soils were identified when the (e*1kPa–e0) variable exceeded 0.40. This threshold also corresponded to soil conditions that could limit plant growth. Key words: Compression, consolidation, pedotransfer function, soil quality, Atterberg limits, remoulded, structured, pipeline, woodland
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18

Bagarello, Vincenzo, Costanza Di Stefano, Vito Ferro, Giordano Giuseppe, and Massimo Iovino. "A PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTION FOR ESTIMATING THE SOIL ERODIBILITY FACTOR IN SICILY." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 40, no. 3 (September 30, 2009): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2009.3.7.

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The soil erodibility factor, K, of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is a simple descriptor of the soil susceptibility to rill and interrill erosion. The original procedure for determining K needs a knowledge of soil particle size distribution (PSD), soil organic matter, OM, content, and soil structure and permeability characteristics. However, OM data are often missing and soil structure and permeability are not easily evaluated in regional analyses. The objective of this investigation was to develop a pedotransfer function (PTF) for estimating the K factor of the USLE in Sicily (south Italy) using only soil textural data. The nomograph soil erodibility factor and its associated first approximation, K’, were determined at 471 sampling points distributed throughout the island of Sicily. Two existing relationships for estimating K on the basis of the measured geometric mean particle diameter were initially tested. Then, two alternative PTFs for estimating K’ and K, respectively, on the basis of the measured PSD were derived. Testing analysis showed that the K estimate by the proposed PTF (eq.11), which was characterized by a Nash-Suttcliffe efficiency index, NSEI, varying between 0.68 and 0.76, depending on the considered data set, was appreciably more accurate than the one obtained by other existing equations, yielding NSEI values varying between 0.21 and 0.32.
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19

Tranter, G., B. Minasny, and A. B. McBratney. "Estimating Pedotransfer Function Prediction Limits Using Fuzzy k -Means with Extragrades." Soil Science Society of America Journal 74, no. 6 (November 2010): 1967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0106.

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20

Tall, A., M. Gomboš, B. Kandra, and D. Pavelková. "Pedotransfer function for calculating the potential of volume changes in soils." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 92 (October 2017): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/92/1/012067.

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21

Rodríguez-Lado, Luis, Marcela Rial, Teresa Taboada, and Antonio Martínez Cortizas. "A Pedotransfer Function to Map Soil Bulk Density from Limited Data." Procedia Environmental Sciences 27 (2015): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.112.

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22

Zhang, Xi, Junfeng Zhu, Ole Wendroth, Christopher Matocha, and Dwayne Edwards. "Effect of Macroporosity on Pedotransfer Function Estimates at the Field Scale." Vadose Zone Journal 18, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.08.0151.

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23

Bell, M. A., and H. van Keulen. "Effect of soil disturbance on pedotransfer function development for field capacity." Soil Technology 8, no. 4 (March 1996): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00032-1.

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24

Salahou, Mohamed Khaled, Xiyun Jiao, and Haishen Lü. "Assessment of Empirical and Semi-Empirical Models for Estimating a Soil Infiltration Function." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 4 (2020): 833–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13639.

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HighlightsThe hydraulic performance computed with the KE or GA model is nearly the same, as long the models are calibrated using the same observation data.The GA model with the soil hydraulic parameters obtained from the pedotransfer functions adequately represented the soil infiltration function.The particle size distribution or the soil texture are recommended to estimate soil hydraulic parameters with the VG-ROSETTA model. Abstract. Field-scale estimation of a soil infiltration function is important for the design, simulation, and/or evaluation of surface irrigation systems. Semi-empirical and empirical infiltration models are used to estimate the infiltration function. Semi-empirical infiltration models have substantial computational and parameterization complexities, e.g., soil hydraulic parameters are needed to estimate the infiltration function. In contrast, empirical infiltration models are generally not considered to have specific initial and boundary conditions. The objectives of this study were to compare a semi-empirical infiltration model and an empirical infiltration model. The Green-Ampt model (GA) and the Kostiakov model (KE) were used as semi-empirical and empirical infiltration models, respectively. The soil hydraulic parameters for the GA model were estimated using various pedotransfer functions (PTFs), and in an additional assessment, the measured water content data were used to calibrate and validate the soil hydraulic parameters using the HYDRUS-1D model. The results show that the hydraulic performance computed with the KE or GA model is nearly the same, as long as they are calibrated using the same observation data. Additionally, the results indicate that the GA model with the soil hydraulic parameters obtained from the PTFs adequately represented the soil infiltration function in the borders. Keywords: Empirical infiltration model, Green-Ampt model, Infiltration model, Kostiakov model, Semi-empirical infiltration model, Soil hydraulic properties.
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Noble, A. D., C. Middleton, P. N. Nelson, and L. G. Rogers. "Risk mapping of soil acidification under Stylosanthes in northern Australian rangelands." Soil Research 40, no. 2 (2002): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr01018.

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The inclusion of Stylosanthes into pastures and cropping systems has proved to be a low cost method of improving product quality in Asia, Africa, South America, and northern Australia. However, there is recent evidence that accelerated soil acidification has occurred under these production systems, questioning their long-term sustainability. In an effort to assist producers and extension officers in identifying soils that are predisposed to accelerated acidification, an acidity risk map of the Dalrymple Shire in Queensland, Australia, was developed using information from a recently completed land resource survey. Validation of a previously derived pedotransfer function that predicts pH buffering capacity was undertaken using an independent set of soil samples collected from the Shire. Excellent agreement between measured and predicted pH buffering capacity was obtained. The pedotransfer function was used to estimate the pH buffering capacity of 44 soil associations in the Shire. These values were used to predict the number of years that it would take for soils to acidify from their current pH to 5.0 assuming a constant net acid addition rate of 2.1 kmol H&plus;&sol;ha.year. Approximately 62&percnt; of the total area of the Shire is predisposed to accelerated acidification and would take between 10–20 years to acidify to pH 5.0. In contrast, a relatively minor proportion of the total area of the Shire (17&percnt;) had significant internal buffering capacity. However, the degree of uncertainty associated with these estimations on certain soil associations may be too high to be of relevance. In order to overcome this limitation a field test designed to assess the risk of accelerated acidification on a paddock basis is proposed and outlined in the paper. pH, buffer capacity, pedotransfer function.
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Adhikary, Partha Pratim, Debashis Chakraborty, Naveen Kalra, C. B. Sachdev, A. K. Patra, Sanjeev Kumar, R. K. Tomar, et al. "Pedotransfer functions for predicting the hydraulic properties of Indian soils." Soil Research 46, no. 5 (2008): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07042.

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Most of the data pertaining to Indian soils are limited to the major soil separates, sand, silt, and clay. We examined the possibilities of using these parameters to describe the hydraulic characteristics of the soils of India. The final or steady-state infiltration rate, which is mainly profile-controlled, showed a power function relationship with the maximum and the average clay content in the soil profile. The saturated hydraulic conductivity also showed a similar relationship with the silt + clay content. The soil water content at a given suction could be satisfactorily predicted using the percentage of major soil separates, sand, silt, and clay. The coefficients in the soil water function ψ(θ) were linearly related to the sand content. Non-linear regression equations were developed to predict these coefficients using the percentages of sand and clay in soils. The equations proved to be quite satisfactory for a wide range of textures and provided reasonably accurate estimates of the soil water characteristic curve from a minimum of readily available data.
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Kruk, Edyta, Magdalena Malec, Sławomir Klatka, Andżelika Brodzińska-Cygan, and Jan Kołodziej. "PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTION FOR DETERMINING SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (ANN)." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Formatio Circumiectus 4 (2017): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/asp.fc/2017.16.4.115.

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Ottoni Filho, Theophilo B., Isaias F. Leal, José Ronaldo De Macedo, and Bruno C. B. Reis. "An Algebraic Pedotransfer Function to Calculate Standardized in situ Determined Field Capacity." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 8 (July 17, 2016): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n8p158.

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<p>Despite the large applicability of the field capacity (FC) concept in hydrology and engineering, it presents various ambiguities and inconsistencies due to a lack of methodological procedure standardization. Experimental field and laboratory protocols taken from the literature were used in this study to determine the value of FC for different depths in 29 soil profiles, totaling 209 soil samples. The volumetric water content (theta) values were also determined at three suction values (6 kPa, 10 kPa, 33 kPa), along with bulk density (BD), texture (T) and organic matter content (OM). The protocols were devised based on the water processes involved in the FC concept aiming at minimizing hydraulic inconsistencies and procedural difficulty while maintaining the practical meaning of the concept. A high correlation between FC and theta(6 kPa) allowed the development of a pedotransfer function (Equation 3) quadratic for theta(6 kPa), resulting in an accurate and nearly bias-free calculation of FC for the four database geographic areas, with a global root mean squared residue (RMSR) of 0.026 m<sup>3</sup>·m<sup>-3</sup>. At the individual soil profile scale, the maximum RMSR was only 0.040 m<sup>3</sup>·m<sup>-3</sup>. The BD, T and OM data were generally of a low predicting quality regarding FC when not accompanied by the moisture variables. As all the FC values were obtained by the same experimental protocol and as the predicting quality of Equation 3 was clearly better than that of the classical method, which considers FC equal to theta(6), theta(10) or theta(33), we recommend using Equation 3 rather than the classical method, as well as the protocol presented here, to determine in-situ FC.</p>
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29

Borggaard, O. K., C. Szilas, A. L. Gimsing, and L. H. Rasmussen. "Estimation of soil phosphate adsorption capacity by means of a pedotransfer function." Geoderma 118, no. 1-2 (January 2004): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(03)00183-6.

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30

Tranter, G., A. B. McBratney, and B. Minasny. "Using distance metrics to determine the appropriate domain of pedotransfer function predictions." Geoderma 149, no. 3-4 (March 2009): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.01.006.

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31

Pittaki-Chrysodonta, Zampela, Per Moldrup, Maria Knadel, Bo V. Iversen, Cecilie Hermansen, Mogens H. Greve, and Lis Wollesen de Jonge. "Predicting the Campbell Soil Water Retention Function: Comparing Visible-Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Classical Pedotransfer Function." Vadose Zone Journal 17, no. 1 (2018): 170169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2017.09.0169.

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32

Peluco, Rafael G., José Marques Júnior, Diego S. Siqueira, Lucas A. Cortez, and Gener T. Pereira. "Magnetic susceptibility in the prediction of soil attributes in two sugarcane harvesting management systems." Engenharia Agrícola 33, no. 6 (December 2013): 1134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162013000600006.

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This study aimed to investigate the potential use of magnetic susceptibility (MS) as pedotransfer function to predict soil attributes under two sugarcane harvesting management systems. For each area of 1 ha (one with green sugarcane mechanized harvesting and other one with burnt sugarcane manual harvesting), 126 soil samples were collected and subjected to laboratory analysis to determine soil physical, chemical and mineralogical attributes and for measuring of MS. Data were submitted to descriptive statistics by calculating the mean and coefficient of variation. In order to compare the means in the different harvesting management systems it was carried out the Tukey test at a significance level of 5%. In order to investigate the correlation of the MS with other soil properties it was made the correlation test and aiming to assess how the MS contributes to the prediction of soil complex attributes it was made the multiple linear regressions. The results demonstrate that MS showed, in both sugarcane harvesting management systems, statistical correlation with chemical, physical and mineralogical soil attributes and it also showed potential to be used as pedotransfer function to predict attributes of the studied oxisol.
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33

Gupta, Surya, Andreas Papritz, Peter Lehmann, Tomislav Hengl, Sara Bonetti, and Dani Or. "Global Mapping of Soil Water Characteristics Parameters— Fusing Curated Data with Machine Learning and Environmental Covariates." Remote Sensing 14, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081947.

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Hydrological and climatic modeling of near-surface water and energy fluxes is critically dependent on the availability of soil hydraulic parameters. Key among these parameters is the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC), a function relating soil water content (θ) to matric potential (ψ). The direct measurement of SWCC is laborious, hence, reported values of SWCC are spatially sparse and usually have only a small number of data pairs (θ, ψ) per sample. Pedotransfer function (PTF) models have been used to correlate SWCC with basic soil properties, but evidence suggests that SWCC is also shaped by vegetation-promoted soil structure and climate-modified clay minerals. To capture these effects in their spatial context, a machine learning framework (denoted as Covariate-based GeoTransfer Functions, CoGTFs) was trained using (a) a novel and comprehensive global dataset of SWCC parameters and (b) global maps of environmental covariates and soil properties at 1 km spatial resolution. Two CoGTF models were developed: one model (CoGTF-1) was based on predicted soil covariates because measured soil data are not generally available, and the other (CoGTF-2) used measured soil properties to model SWCC parameters. The spatial cross-validation of CoGTF-1 resulted, for the predicted van Genuchten SWCC parameters, in concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) of 0.321–0.565. To validate the resulting global maps of SWCC parameters and to compare the CoGTF framework to two pedotransfer functions from the literature, the predicted water contents at 0.1 m, 3.3 m, and 150 m matric potential were evaluated. The accuracy metrics for CoGTF were considerably better than PTF-based maps.
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Chakraborty, Poulamee, and Bhabani S. Das. "Measurement and Modeling of Diffusive Tortuosity in Saturated Soils: A Pedotransfer Function Approach." Soil Science Society of America Journal 78, no. 6 (October 24, 2014): 1869–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0175.

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Boschi, Raquel Stucchi, Luiz Henrique Antunes Rodrigues, and Maria Leonor R. C. Lopes-Assad. "Analysis of Patterns of Pedotransfer Function Estimates: An Approach Based on Classification Trees." Soil Science Society of America Journal 79, no. 3 (May 2015): 720–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2014.11.0452.

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36

De Gerónimo, Eduardo, Virginia C. Aparicio, and José L. Costa. "Glyphosate sorption to soils of Argentina. Estimation of affinity coefficient by pedotransfer function." Geoderma 322 (July 2018): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.02.037.

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Pham, Khanh, Dongku Kim, Yuemyung Yoon, and Hangseok Choi. "Analysis of neural network based pedotransfer function for predicting soil water characteristic curve." Geoderma 351 (October 2019): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.05.013.

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38

Salazar, Osvaldo, Ingrid Wesström, and Abraham Joel. "Evaluation of DRAINMOD using saturated hydraulic conductivity estimated by a pedotransfer function model." Agricultural Water Management 95, no. 10 (October 2008): 1135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2008.04.011.

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39

Picciafuoco, Tommaso, Renato Morbidelli, Alessia Flammini, Carla Saltalippi, Corrado Corradini, Peter Strauss, and Günter Blöschl. "A Pedotransfer Function for Field‐Scale Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of a Small Watershed." Vadose Zone Journal 18, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2019.02.0018.

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40

Haberle, Jan, and Pavel Svoboda. "Calculation of available water supply in crop root zone and the water balance of crops." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 45, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/congeo-2015-0025.

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Abstract Determination of the water supply available in soils for crops is important for both the calculation of water balance and the prediction of water stress. An approach to calculations of available water content in layers of the root zone, depletion of water during growth, and water balance, with limited access to data on farms, is presented. Soil water retention was calculated with simple pedotransfer functions from the texture of soil layers, root depth, and depletion function were derived from observed data; and the potential evapotranspiration was calculated from the temperature. A comparison of the calculated and experimental soil water contents showed a reasonable fit.
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41

Biswas, A., and B. C. Si. "Spatial relationship between soil hydraulic and soil physical properties in a farm field." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 89, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss08052.

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The relationship between soil properties may vary with their spatial separation. Understanding this relationship is important in predicting hydraulic parameters from other soil physical properties. The objective of this study was to identify spatially dependent relationships between hydraulic parameters and soil physical properties. Regularly spaced (3-m) undisturbed soil samples were collected along a 384 m transect from a farm field at Smeaton, Saskatchewan. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, the soil water retention curve, and soil physical properties were measured. The scaling parameter, van Genuchten scaling parameter α (VGα), and curve shape parameter, van Genuchten curve shape parameter n (VGn), were obtained by fitting the van Genuchten model to measured soil moisture retention data. Results showed that the semivariograms of soil properties exhibited two different spatial structures at spatial separations of 20 and 120 m, respectively. A strong spatial structure was observed in organic carbon, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), sand, and silt; whereas a weak structure was found for VGα and VGn. Correlation circle analysis showed strong spatially dependent relationships of Ks and VGα; with soil physical properties, but weak relationships of θs and VGn with soil physical properties. The spatially dependent relationships between soil physical and soil hydraulic parameters should be taken into consideration when developing pedotransfer functions. Key words: Spatial relationship, geostatistics, linear coregionalization model, principal component analysis, pedotransfer function
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42

Minasny, Budiman, and Alex B. McBratney. "Evaluation and development of hydraulic conductivity pedotransfer functions for Australian soil." Soil Research 38, no. 4 (2000): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99110.

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Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were evaluated using published Australian soil data sets. Eight published PTFs were evaluated. Generally, published PTFs provide a satisfactory estimation of Ks depending on the spatial scale and accuracy of prediction. Several PTFs were developed in this study, including the power function of effective porosity, multiple linear regression, fractal model, and artificial neural networks. Different methods for estimating the fractal dimension of particle-size distributions showed no significant differences in predicting Ks . The simplest model for estimating fractal dimension from the log–log plot of particle-size distribution is therefore recommended. The data set was also stratified into 3 broad classes of texture: sandy, loamy, and clayey. Stratification of PTFs based on textural class showed small improvements in estimation. The published PTF of Dane and Puckett (1994) Proc. Int. Workshop (Univ. of California: Riverside, CA) gives the best prediction for sandy soil; the PTF of Cosby et al. (1984) Water Resources Research 20, 682–90 gives the best production for loamy soil; and the PTF of Schaap et al. (1998) Soil Science Society of America Journal 62, 847–55 gives the best prediction for clayey soil. The data set used comprised different field and laboratory measurements over large areas, and limited predictive variables were available. The PTFs developed here may predict adequately in large areas (residuals = 10–20 mm/h), but for site-specific applications, local calibration is needed.
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43

Tormena, Cássio Antonio, Álvaro Pires da Silva, Silvia Del Carmen Imhoff, and Anthony Roger Dexter. "Quantification of the soil physical quality of a tropical oxisol using the S index." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 1 (February 2008): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000100008.

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Soil physical quality is fundamental for the sustainability of agro ecosystems. Soil physical quality assessment must be developed using parameters that describe physical behavior. S, a new soil physical parameter has recently been introduced for assessing the soil physical quality. A good soil physical quality has been associated with values of S > 0.035 in soils from temperate climates. However, S has not been evaluated in tropical soils yet. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that S is a reliable soil physical quality indicator of a Typic Hapludox cropped with maize under no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Undisturbed samples were collected from each tillage system in the row and interrow positions. Soil bulk density was determined in the samples and the S parameter was calculated using a pedotransfer function from the same samples. The parameter S was able to differentiate tillage and position with S NT < S CT independent of the row and interrow sampling positions. Higher S values were verified in row position than in the interrow in both tillage systems. With the use of a pedotransfer function it was also possible to establish a negative relationship between S and soil compaction. The results confirmed our hypothesis and suggest that further studies should be carried out to evaluate S in other tropical soils and management systems.
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44

Auler, André C., Luiz F. Pires, and Maria C. Pineda. "Influence of physical attributes and pedotransfer function for predicting water retention in management systems." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21, no. 11 (November 2017): 746–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n11p746-751.

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ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of the soil structural physical attributes on the water retention and to develop pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for the estimation of the soil water content (θ) at different matric potentials of a Dystrophic Red Latosol (Hapludox) under conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) soil management systems. The effects of long-term CT and NT (over 25 years) management on the soil bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi) and water retention were investigated. The PTFs were developed to predict θ and used to evaluate the soil water retention curve only for the NT system. The NT system was characterized by smaller values of the soil BD and higher values of the soil TP and Mi than the CT system. The NT system exhibited a higher θ retained than the CT system for the pore-size interval of 0.2–30 μm. However, the CT system exhibited a large amount of water retention for pores smaller than 0.2 μm. The PTFs were utilized to estimate θ at matric potentials of -1, -3, -6, -10, -33, -100, -400, -800, and -1,500 kPa with adequate accuracy. The soil BD, Ma, Mi and sand content were the main variables considered to estimate θ for the different matric potentials evaluated.
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45

Huang, Mingbin, S. Lee Barbour, Amin Elshorbagy, Julie D. Zettl, and Bing Cheng Si. "Infiltration and drainage processes in multi-layered coarse soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91, no. 2 (May 2011): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss09118.

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Huang, M., Barbour, S. L., Elshorbagy, A., Zettl, J. D. and Si, B. C. 2011. Infiltration and drainage processes in multi-layered coarse soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 169–183. Infiltration and drainage processes in multi-layered soils are complicated by contrasting hydraulic properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performances of the hysteretic and non-hysteretic models to simulate the infiltration and drainage processes from three different natural soil profiles containing as many as 20 texturally different layers. Hydraulic properties were estimated from soil textures using pedotransfer functions and were calibrated and validated using measured water contents during infiltration and drainage phases, respectively. The results supported the use of the Arya-Paris pedotransfer function to estimate the wetting curve when contact angles are incorporated. The unique Kozeny-Carmen equation parameter was evaluated by optimizing the estimated saturated hydraulic conductivity. The calibrated numerical model (Hydrus-1D) accurately simulated soil water content profiles and water volumes during the infiltration and drainage phases. The mean error of prediction (MEP) between the measured and estimated soil water contents varied from –0.030 to 0.010 cm3 cm−3, and the standard deviation of prediction (SDP) from 0.003 to 0.057 cm3 cm−3. The simulation was improved for more heterogeneous soil profiles when hysteresis was taken into account. The measured and simulated results indicated that the soil profile with vertical heterogeneity in soil texture can store more water than the similar textured vertically homogeneous soils under drained conditions.
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46

Laktionova, T., and S. Nakisko. "Particle Size Distribution as a Basic Characteristic for Pedotransfer Prediction of Permanent Wilting Point." Agricultural Science and Practice 1, no. 1 (April 15, 2014): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp1.01.013.

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The permanent wilting point (PWP) belongs to the basic soil hydrological constants and plays the important role in an estimation of the natural or irrigating moisture availability to agricultural plants. Direct measurement of hydrological parameters demands signifi cant amount of time, efforts and equipment. Pedotransfer functions (PTF) can provide an alternative way to an estimation of these parameters indirectly, by calculation, using accessible parameters of the basic soil properties in soil databases. Aim. To work out new PTF for an estimation of permanent wilting point in the chernozem soils of Ukraine. Methods. For the purpose of PTF working out, the multivariate linear regression equations have been applied. Data from the Ukrainian Soil Database are used for calibration of models sample included 239 data sets of permanent wilting point and particle size distribution (PSD) values obtained by direct measurement in the top genetic horizon of both typical and ordinary chernozems. Independently, 59 data sets have been used for verifi cation of models. Results. The best model among several considered has been recognized that one, where the contents’ parameters of three grain size fractions (according to N. A. Kachinskyi’s classifi cation) – 0.01−0.005, 0.005−0.001 and < 0.001 mm (%) – have been identifi ed as the essential independent variables. Thus, accuracy of the forecast (R 2 = 0.64) is quite admissible. Conclusions. Forecasting of permanent wilting point by construction of the pedotransfer function including three fractions of particles is tangibly possible, considering availability of PSD data in a soil database.
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47

Medvedev, V. V. "Criteria, normative parameters and pedotransfer models for precise tillage." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 15, no. 3-4 (September 2, 2014): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041413.

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As object the field by the area of 40 hectares in Forest-steppe of the Kharkiv area on which three types of soil are allocated - chernozem typical poorly eroded, chernozem podsolic and dark grey podsolic. The regular network from 45 elementary plots on a field have put. On everyone them the contents of physical clay and total humus (in the subsequent models it there were base parameters), and also equilibrium bulk of density, penetration resistance, blocks (functional parameters) and the crop are considered. Statistical parameters and geostatistics are calculated. Results of processing of the spatial information were those. Factors of pair and plural correlation between base and functional parameters - within the limits of 0,5-0,8, factors of a variation - low for the content of humus, physical clay and bulk of density, moderately high for penetration resistance and very high - for block. The variogam - mainly spherical type, the nagget-effect was insignificant, and the radius of correlation has made about 240-260 m. Though variability of base parameters was moderate, and functional raised, presence of autocorrelation function, that is its authentic deviation from zero, proves existence of spatial heterogeneity on the investigated field. About same obvious peaks on curves of spectral density of a dispersion testify. It means, that connections between base and functional parameters were encouraging enough, their spatial structures in the investigated field relatives, and search of borders between allotments with various fertility, it has appeared quite proved and successful. The final stage of processing consisted in construction of 2-D-diagrams on experimental data (with use of software Surfer), and then the same diagrams of blocks, bulk of density and of penetration resistance (as indicators of preseeding precise tillage) on settlement pedotransfer models. Instead of difficult procedure of an establishment of spatial heterogeneity of a field and revealing on it of contours with various physical properties it is offered to take advantage of pedotransfer models. As the basis for this purpose close values of thresholds of a dispersion and radiuses of correlation, authentic correlation connections between soil base and functional parameters have served uniformity spherical variogrammes. For a choice of intensity of preseeding operations normative parameters for display physical properties of a sowing layer are proved. Revealed on the basis of settlement models and natural researches on a field agritechnology contours for differentiation of intensity of preseeding tillage have appeared similar enough on a configuration and the area. Thus, in article the basic opportunity of allocation on a field agritechnology groups for carrying out of various ways of machining, using for this purpose pedotransfer models is shown. Pedotransfer modelling can become actual only on condition that other, more simple and effective ways of measurement of base parameters will be found, it is desirable in modes in situ and on-line. Pedotransfer models are perspective in precise agriculture under condition of development of remote methods of definition of base parameters.
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48

Zinn, Yuri L., Rattan Lal, and Dimas V. S. Resck. "Texture and organic carbon relations described by a profile pedotransfer function for Brazilian Cerrado soils." Geoderma 127, no. 1-2 (July 2005): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.02.010.

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49

Haghverdi, A., H. S. Öztürk, and W. M. Cornelis. "Revisiting the pseudo continuous pedotransfer function concept: Impact of data quality and data mining method." Geoderma 226-227 (August 2014): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.02.026.

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50

Brillante, Luca, Benjamin Bois, Olivier Mathieu, Vincent Bichet, Didier Michot, and Jean Lévêque. "Monitoring soil volume wetness in heterogeneous soils by electrical resistivity. A field-based pedotransfer function." Journal of Hydrology 516 (August 2014): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.01.052.

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