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Grabowski, Catherine A. "The measurement of daily physical activity with the addition of moderate physical activity using pedometers." Virtual Press, 2005. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Mathews, Jamie L. "The effect of pedometer feedback on physical activity." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1315172.
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Inactivity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The use of pedometers for measuring ambulatory physical activity is becoming increasingly popular. One of the potential benefits of wearing a pedometer is acquiring instant feedback. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether feedback from a pedometer would result in an increase in ambulatory physical activity. Methods: Thirty sedentary adults, six men and twenty-four women, (46 ± 12 years, mean + SD) and BMI, (30.6 + 6.1 kg•m 2, mean + SD) were recruited to wear a New Lifestyles NL-2000 pedometer (capable of storing up to 7 days worth of data) for a total of twelve days. Subjects were divided into two groups. One group received feedback and recorded the number of steps taken four times per day on a log card for the first six days but not the second six days. The other group did not receive feedback the first six days but did the second. The order of whether or not subjects received feedback from the pedometer the first or second six days was randomized.Prior to the study, subjects were not given a recommendation as to how many steps•day' they should accumulate but were given the Surgeon General's recommendation on physical activity. The average number of daily steps for each condition was calculated at the end of each six-day period. Results: No order of effect (whether or not subjects received feedback the first or second week) was evident. Subjects accumulated (mean + SE) 7,409 + 384 steps-day' during the feedback week and 7,041 + 374 steps-day' during the non-feedback week; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.27). When feedback and non-feedback days were combined and averaged, there were no significant correlations between steps-day' and BMI (r = -0.33) or age (r = -0.33). Conclusions: These findings suggest that feedback from a pedometer resulted in a modest, yet insignificant increase in the number of steps•day-' in a sedentary, adult population when no target step accumulation was assigned.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Loucaides, Constantinos Andreou. "The physical activity levels of Cypriot children and correlates of their activity." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248476.
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Sperry, Mary Dawn. "The Effect of Leisure-Based Screen Time on Physical Activity." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd974.pdf.
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Jones, Jason L. "Pedometer intervention to increase physical activity of patients entering a maintenance cardiac rehabilitation program." Muncie, IN : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/654.
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Dock, Melissa. "Influence of pedometer tilt angle on step counting validity during controlled treadmill walking trials." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/dock/DockM0508.pdf.
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Pedometers are tools frequently used to monitor walking-related physical activity patterns of overweight and obese populations. However, there is a known association between increasing body mass index (BMI) and decreasing pedometer accuracy. The decrease in pedometer accuracy has been attributed to tilt angle, but the specific tilt angle where pedometers fail to maintain accuracy is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test two popular pedometer mechanisms, accelerometry- and pendulum-based, to determine the specific tilt angle where the pedometers fail to maintain step counts accurately. METHODS: Twenty subjects (10 men, Mean±SD: 25.4±4.2 yrs, 184.4±5.3 cm, 76.7±6.3 kg; 10 women: 21.6±3 yrs, 166.1±6.3 cm, 56.7±6.7 kg) walked two sets of 21 trials at a combination of treadmill speed (67.0, 80.4, 93.8 m/min) and tilt angle (-30,-20,-10, 0,+10,+20,+30°) while wearing two pedometers; the experimental pedometer attached to a custom-built pedometer gimbal for altering tilt angle, and the control pedometer in a neutral position (±2° of 0°). The pedometers were worn on each hip just anterior to the iliac crest in line with the mid-axillary line of the thigh. The first set of trials tested one pedometer mechanism, while the second set of trials tested the second pedometer mechanism in a counterbalanced order. Mean steps from the experimental pedometer were compared to the control pedometer for each trial (ΔStep=Experimental-Control) using a 3-factor RMANOVA at an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS: Mean Δsteps for the accelerometry-based pedometer and the pendulum-based pedometer differed significantly (P<0.05) at tilt angles >±10° for treadmill speeds
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Brown, Ernest Leroy. "Reliability and Validity of Pedometers in a Free-living Environment." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4870.
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In the field of exercise science there exists no single best method, or tool, for the measurement of physical activity, in particular, activity in everyday free-living conditions. The pedometer, a tool for recording the number of steps taken by an individual, could potentially measure this important component of free-living physical activity. To establish the reliability and validity of the pedometer, 40 subjects wore two pedometers (same brand) in two consecutive I 0-minute trials during normal daily activity. Both trials were videotaped. Each videotape segment was replayed, the number of steps were counted and this count served as the criterion measure of steps. In order to evaluate the reliability of the criterion measure the researcher recounted ten of the forty trials a second time and performed an intraclass reliability estimate and follow-up ANOVA comparing the two separate counts. This yielded an intra-observer reliability estimate of R=0.99 (F=l .36, p=.27). Data analyses included trial-to-trial comparisons of pedometer recordings, left-toright comparisons of pedometer recordings, and comparisons of pedometer recordings to the established criterion scores. Results of trial-to-trial comparisons yielded intraclass reliability estimates of R=0.87 (F=l .51, p=.23) for the left side pedometer and R=0.90 (F=.97, p=.33) for the right side pedometer; no significant differences were found. Estimates of pedometer consistency (left versus right pedometer) yielded a correlation ofR=0.96, with follow-up ANOVA (F=6.46 and p=.02) indicating significant differences between left and right side pedometers. Comparisons of pedometers to the established criterion scores (validity) yielded correlations ofR=0.84 (F=l .85, p=.18) for the left pedometer and R=O. 79 (F=S. 71, p=.02) for the right pedometer. Follow-up ANOVA indicated a significant difference between pedometer and criterion scores for the right pedometer but not the left. Under the conditions of this study, the pedometer worn at the waist level directly above the left leg provided reliable and valid measures of walking steps taken during typical everyday activities. The pedometer worn on the right side of the body underestimated the number of steps taken. Further research on the influence of leg dominance, surface, shoe type, pedometer brand, and gait is needed.
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Baker, Graham. "Are pedometers effective motivational tools to increase walking in inactive adults." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488800.
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Ek, Kari E. "Physical Activity Promotion among School-Aged Children Using Pedometers and Rewards." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3085.
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Physical activity is important for children as many children are considered overweight or obese. The benefits of exercise have been demonstrated in empirical studies across all age ranges (Horne, Hardman, Lowe, & Rowlands, 2009; Kelly et al., 2004; Louie & Chan, 2003; Southard & Southard, 2006). In the current study, a multiple baseline design across participants was used to assess the effectiveness of goal setting, reinforcement contingencies, and pedometers that provide feedback to increase step count of 5 participants. During baseline each participant wore a sealed pedometer to assess the average steps the participants took per day. After baseline, each participant, researcher, and parent set a reasonable goal of steps to achieve per day in order to receive a specific reinforcer chosen by the parent and participant. A behavioral contract stated the specific goal number of steps for the day and the specific reinforcer they would receive. At the end of each day before the child went to bed, the parent recorded the number of steps and provided the child with feedback about whether reinforcement was earned. Data collection for four of the five participants showed a mean increase in steps taken per day during intervention 1 in comparison to baseline levels. Participants met their goal step counts during intervention 1 on 12%, 35%, 50%, 71% and 76% of days. All three participants that participated in intervention 2 increased their mean count from both baseline and intervention 1 levels. Participants met their goal step counts during intervention 2 on 62%, 100%, and 100% of days. Two participants participated in the follow up phase of the study; both participants maintained their goals from intervention 2 and completed their goal step count on 100% of days.
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Rejc, James M. "Increasing physical activity in insufficiently active individuals through goal setting and pedometer assessment." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1372053.
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Lack of physical activity in America is a major issue contributing to an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obese individuals. Goal setting and pedometers can be used to increase physical activity in inactive individuals. The primary purpose of the study was to investigate if inactive individuals can increase their physical activity by 2,000steps/day for 12 weeks with the use of pedometers and goal setting and examine if these motivational tools can help inactive individuals adhere to a long term increase in physical activity. Secondary purposes were to assess any changes in body composition, and blood pressure upon completion of the physical activity intervention and at follow-up and to investigate changes in self efficacy scores throughout the study.Pedometer measured physical activity (steps) was assessed at baseline, weekly during the 12 week physical activity intervention, and at the 24 week follow up. For the 12 week intervention, participants were asked to increase their physical activity by 2,000 steps/day from their baseline physical activity assessment. At each time frame, body composition,blood pressure and self —efficacy measurements were obtained.Thirty eight subjects (10 men, 28 women) started the study with 19 subjects (5 men, 14 women) completing the 12 week physical activity intervention. Fifty percent of participants completed (i.e., were compliant) the present study. However, only 6 individuals were capable of attaining their step goal for 75% of the 12 week (i.e., 9 of 12 weeks) physical activity intervention. Mean steps/day significantly increased from baseline to 12 weeks in individuals participating in the study. Following the physical activity intervention to the 24 week follow-up, mean steps/day significantly decreased. Significant improvements were found in weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and waist circumference from baseline to 12 weeks. A significant decrease was found from baseline to 24 weeks in the resisting relapse questions (i.e., questions 1-5) on the exercise self efficacy questionnaire.In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the majority of individuals in the present study were not capable of increasing their physical activity by 2,000 steps/day through the use of goal setting with a pedometer. Individuals who do increase their physical activity experience improvements in body composition measurements. Therefore, more motivational tools should be investigated to increase physical activity.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Shomaker, Kayla E. "The effect of pedometers on motivation and steps in fitness walking classes." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1265091.
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Groves, Alan M. "Using Pedometers as a Valid Method of Determining Physical Activity Intensity Level." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2708.pdf.
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Belgasem, Mohamed Belgasem. "The measurement of activity by electronic pedometers as a predictor of oestrus in dairy cattle." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339408.
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Greene, Amanda E. "Pedometers Accelerometers and Observational Methods: A Comparison of Measurements of Physical Activity in Fourth-Grade Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1373.
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In recent years physical inactivity among students has become a matter of great concern. Nearly 65% of students do not meet the daily recommended level of physical activity, which is 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day, with 50% of that time being spent in moderate to vigorous levels of activity (CDC, 2010b). As a result, the 21st century has shown to be a time of many health problems such as, obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. In fact, nearly one third of all children are considered obese or overweight (Slawta & DeNeui, 2009). Researchers suggest that these health problems are directly related to students' sedentary lifestyles (Pate et al., 2006). Schools play a pivotal role in addressing and increasing physical activity during the school day.
The purpose of this research study was to measure levels of physical activity in elementary students during school hours. Specifically, the study sought to discover if there were increased levels of physical activity while students were using a cross-curricular adventure playground, as compared to when they were engaged in free play or physical education class. The study also compared the different measurement types (pedometers, accelerometers, and the observational method) used to assess physical activity, to indicate which measurement types were most feasible in the elementary school setting. Schools are ideal locations for assessing levels of physical activity, as 95% of all children are enrolled in these learning institutions (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2005).
The data indicate that physical education provided for the highest levels of moderate to vigorous activity, while both free play and cross-curricular activity still rendered adequate levels of physical activity. After studying the different measurement protocols (pedometers, accelerometers, and the observational method) used in this study, results suggested the pedometer to be the most feasible device to use for measuring children in these types of physical activity settings. One implication for practice was implementing cross-curricular physical activity as a supplement to other physical activities or as an addition to physical education classes in an effort to allow more time for academic instruction while having students engaged in physical activity. Another recommendation for practice was to use pedometers as a cost-effective physical activity measurement device for elementary students.
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Francis, Elizabeth Jane. "An investigation into the validation of pedometers to detect foreleg steps in horses (Equus caballus) at walk and trot." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/11304.
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Background: Current research, surrounding motor laterality at a population level in horses, indicates that in order to stand with the left forelimb in advance of the other, it is achieved by taking a greater amount of steps with the left foreleg than the right foreleg (McGreevy & Thomson 2006; McGreevy et al. 2007); suggesting that pedometers could effectively estimate asymmetry of forelimb locomotion in grazing horses. This novel method of detecting forelimb preference also reduces the likelihood of operator influence and provides an inexpensive objective measure of vertical movement which has the advantage of scoring large sample sizes, avoids single-day anomalies by recording over multiple days and overcomes logistical challenges (Vincent & Sidman 2003; Chan et al. 2005; Silva et al. 2010; Warren-Smith & McGreevy 2010). However in order to determine the reliability and validity of this novel measure the relationship between pedometer data and those derived from direct observation will first need to be assessed (Warren-Smith and McGreevy 2010). Objectives: To determine: (1) if pedometers accurately record equine steps at walk and trot, when compared to video analysis, (2) if alternative positioning of these pedometers affected the accuracy of step detection when compared to video analysis. Method: Five horses each wearing a Yamax Digiwalk SW-200 (spring lever arm pedometer) and a Yamax Power Walker PW-610/611 (piezoelectric pedometer) positioned on the left foreleg (LF), left scapular (LS), chest (C), right scapular (RS) and right foreleg (RF) walked and trotted on a 20m circle 10 times on each rein to yield 100 results for each gait. Video recorded by GoPro Hero 3 Black edition camera positioned on the girth facing the forefeet using the following settings: 180 degree field of view, 720p, 120fps. Both visual and audio data were captured and recorded. Results: Kruskal-Wallis Test on the deviation from actual number of steps per unit for each type of pedometer and the position of the pedometer compared to the actual number of steps taken by both forelegs determined that there is a significant difference (H1= 340.31; P < 0.0001) between readings in walk and also in trot (H1 = 483.49; P < 0.0001). A further Kruskal-Wallis Test on the deviation from actual number of steps per unit for each type of pedometer and the position of the pedometer compared to the actual number of steps taken by individual forelegs determined that there is a significant difference (H = 403.36; p < 0.0001) at walk and also at trot (H = 477.10; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In summary, the analysis of the pedometer data compared to video analysis indicate that pedometers are not useful for scoring forelimb movements in horses at walk and trot, regardless of positioning.
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Gretzinger, Sean W. "A Review of Methods and Challenges Involved in Biomanufacturing & Evaluating the Validity of Wrist Worn Pedometers." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1405647788.
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HOWARD, Barbara, and barbara howard@ecu edu au. "Self-concept and attraction to physical activity: The effectiveness of an intervention programme to enhance children?s level of physical activity." Edith Cowan University. Computing, Health And Science: School Of Exercise, Biomedical & Health Science, 2007. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0032.html.
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According to motivational theory physical self-perceptions are crucial to the intrinsic desire to engage in physical activity through play, games, and sport. While there has been prolific research with middle primary and older children little is known of the importance of young children's physical self-concept and their motivation to engage in physical activity. This study had three major purposes. Firstly it aimed to examine the relationship between children's self-concept, their attraction to physical activity, and level of physical activity. The second purpose of the study was to examine differences between boys' and girls' self-concept, attraction to physical activity and level of physical activity. The third purpose was to examine the effectiveness of an intervention programme designed to enhance children's level of physical activity.
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Newell, George K. "A comparison of motion sensors during running." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1348868.
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The assessment of physical activity is of great interest to the public and to researchers. One of the most popular and objective methods of assessing physical activity is using motion sensors such as pedometers and accelerometers. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of step counting and energy expenditure estimation of two popular electronic pedometers and one accelerometer during running. In all step-counting trials, actual step counts were determined using a hand tally counter. Twenty subjects (18-40 years) were asked to volunteer to participate in the study. During the initial assessment subjects ran at five, six, seven, and eight miles per hour on a motor driven treadmill for ten minutes at each speed. While running they wore two pedometers and an accelerometer while oxygen consumption was measured. In the second assessment, all subjects ran a timed, self-paced mile around a 200-meter track while wearing all three activity monitors. In the third assessment, thirteen subjects ran at five, six, seven and eight miles per hour on a motor driven treadmill for three minutes at each speed to assess the step counting reliability of the devices. The three devices were accurate to within 1% at all speeds on the treadmill and on the self-paced track run. In addition, all three devices were reliable (r = 0.80). Caloric expenditure estimation accuracy the NL-2000 was ± 21% when expressed in both net and gross kcals. The Digi-walker was f 22% when assumed to be net kcals and ± 45% when assumed to be gross kcals. The Actigraph was accurate to ± 49% in terms of net calories. The results of the current study have shown that these devices are accurate and reliable for step counting at speeds between five and eight mph. However, their ability to assess caloric expenditure is not accurate at the same speeds. In conclusion, the application of these devices to runners is limited to highly accurate and reliable step counters.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Hunka, Nicole. "Pedometer Use as a Motivational Tool for Increased Physical Activity in Bariatric Surgery Patients." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1321374425.
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Nelson, Maika E. "Examination of adolescent physical activity and overweight levels /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd373.pdf.
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Nelson, Maika Elizabeth. "Examination of Adolescent Physical Activity and Overweight Levels." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1145.
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Research suggests declines in physical activity may occur after age 12. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between adolescent physical activity, BMI, and nutrition. Adolescents, ages 12-17 (N = 223), wore pedometers for 11 consecutive days and completed a nutrition survey, the Youth Adolescent Questionnaire. Activity levels did not differ among the ages of 12-17 year old adolescents, and boys were more active than girls. There was a low, but significant relationship between BMI and physical activity levels for both boys and girls. Energy intake was not related to BMI or physical activity levels in boys or girls.
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Wyatt, Megan Maughan. "A Family Home Evening Based Method for Improving Physical Activity Levels in Families." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2337.
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The prevalence of physical inactivity has been recognized as a risk factor for multiple chronic disease conditions in both adults and children. Recently efforts to increase healthy behaviors have been promoted through religious groups (Ken Resnicow et al., 2002). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) has a unique program called Family Home Evening (FHE) that could be used to teach and potentially improve physical activity. Six FHE lessons were designed to be taught in 6 consecutive weeks within a family environment. A total of 84 families (parents and children) were recruited for participation. Participating families were randomized into either the control or intervention group. All family members were given pedometers to be worn one week prior to, and one week after the 6-week intervention. The intervention group FHE lessons covered physical activity promoting topics, and the control group was given traditional religious topics for their FHE lessons. ANOVA indicated that in children there was an increase in daily steps in the intervention group (12482.8 SD=4455.3) compared to the control group (11255.4 SD=4048.9), which was statistically significant (F (1,85) = 3.93, p=.05). In adults there was an increase in steps in the intervention group from pre to posttest of 8823.5 (SD=3858.3) to 9947.4 (SD=4222.8) this difference was statistically significant (t = -2.94, p<.01). There was no significant change in pedometer steps for the control group in either adults or children. Results of this study suggest that FHE may be a useful mechanism for increasing steps taken daily. There are other factors that may increase the effectiveness of the lessons such as readiness of the participants to change, number of lessons, lesson content and/or time between lessons.
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Howard, Barbara M. "Self-concept and attraction to physical activity: The effectiveness of an intervention programme to enhance children's level of physical activity." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/38.
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According to motivational theory physical self-perceptions are crucial to the intrinsic desire to engage in physical activity through play, games, and sport. While there has been prolific research with middle primary and older children little is known of the importance of young children's physical self-concept and their motivation to engage in physical activity. This study had three major purposes. Firstly it aimed to examine the relationship between children's self-concept, their attraction to physical activity, and level of physical activity. The second purpose of the study was to examine differences between boys' and girls' self-concept, attraction to physical activity and level of physical activity. The third purpose was to examine the effectiveness of an intervention programme designed to enhance children's level of physical activity.
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Valbuena, Diego. "Monetary Reinforcement for Increasing Walking in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7238.
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Physical inactivity is a widespread problem associated with numerous health problems. Individuals with intellectual disabilities are at a high risk of living a sedentary lifestyle. Although a few studies have examined interventions consisting of goal-setting and reinforcement for increasing PA, no studies have evaluated the use of monetary reinforcement. Interventions using monetary reinforcement have been shown to be effective for increasing PA with typically developing adults. The present studies evaluated monetary reinforcement for increasing PA in adults with intellectual disabilities. Study 1 evaluate a session-based intervention where participants earned monetary rewards for attaining step count goals as recorded by pedometers. The intervention increased the rate of walking for all five participants, demonstrating experimental control with four participants. The study also found that a staff member implemented the intervention with fidelity and rated it as highly acceptable. Study 2 evaluated a whole-day intervention where participants earned monetary rewards for attaining daily step goals as measured by wrist-worn Fitbit Alta™ accelerometers. The whole-day intervention resulted in noticeable increases in daily steps for only two participants, with experimental control demonstrated for one participant. Discussion includes the advantages and limitations of the approaches in each study and recommendations for future studies.
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Benham, Lindsey Kaye. "The Effects of Music on Physical Activity Rates of Junior High Physical Education Students." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4370.
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Music is used and can be found in everyday life and throughout society. With many studies pointing towards music being a motivating stimulus for exercise, it is plausible that music would positively affect the physical activity rates of junior high school students in physical education classes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of popular music on physical activity rates, via pedometry, and enjoyment levels of junior high physical education students. There were 305 junior high physical education students that participated in the study with 151 being male and 154 being female. This was a quasi-experimental study using a two conditions, with and without music, by two activities, basketball and volleyball, cross-over design. It is found that across all grades and gender, more steps were taken with music in both activities versus without music. No statistically significant differences are noted in time in activity between activities with music than without. When comparing the level of enjoyment of the activities with music versus without across genders and all grades, the level of enjoyment is higher with music than without, though the difference is not statistically significant. While statistically significant differences can be found and attributed to the very nature of the differences between volleyball and basketball, there are also several statistical significances found that can be described and attributed to the intervention of the use of music during that activity. Therefore, if teachers are looking for a way for their students to increase step counts and increase the level of enjoyment their students feel throughout an activity, adding music to the background of the activity will help teachers to achieve those goals.
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Tlhongolo, Modiri Peter. "Physical activity in the North-West Province as determined by questionnaire and motion sensors / M.P. Tlhongolo." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4209.
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Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other chronic diseases of life. In countries undergoing economic transition from underdeveloped to being developed, there is an increasing rate of physical inactivity. Accurate assessment of physical activity behaviours is important for determining the presence of physical inactivity, for setting goals for physical therapy interventions to increase physical activity and to utilize physical activity as an outcome measure for physical therapy interventions. There are different techniques used to measure physical activity, namely questionnaires, motion sensors (pedometers and accelerometers) and doubly labelled water. The most used method in large epidemiological research is questionnaires because of their affordability and feasibility. Limitations of physical activity questionnaires include the exclusion of house-hold activities, intensity of work done, bicycling, duration and frequency of leisure time activities. Motion sensors have been mostly used in developed and westernized countries. In the North West Province (NWP) of South Africa the only method that has been used to determine physical activity among the Tswana speaking people was the Transition of Health during urbanization physical activity questionnaire (THUSA-PAQ). The application of other methods such as the motion sensors has never been done.
Objectives: The study comprised two major objectives: The first objective was to determine the physical activity levels of the rural and urban Tswana speaking people of the NWP using the THUS A questionnaire and pedometers. The second objective was to determine whether there is a relationship in physical activity determined by the THUSA-PAQ, promotional pedometer and an accelerometer determined activity. Methods
The participants recruited for this study form part of the larger prospective urban and rural epidemiology (PURE) longitudinal study running over 12 years which started in 2005. A subsample of 200 was randomly selected of which hundred and eighty signed the informed consent (90 urban and 90 rural) to participate in the study.
The participants completed the THUSA-PAQ with the assistance help of the fieldworkers in their native language and wore pedometers for seven consecutive days. The number of steps taken per day distance travelled and energy expenditure were recorded in a logbook. Another thirty eight participants from a co-hort in the same geographical area were issued with accelerometers to wear simultaneously with pedometers for a period of twenty four hours and also completed the THUSA-PAQ.
Results
The rural male and female participants reported higher average physical activity index (PAT) with the THUSA questionnaire (9.49 ± 3.67 and 8.10 ± 1.26) than urban male and female participants (8.13 ± 2.47 and 7.51 ± 1.65) respectively. The same trend was observed with the objectively determined physical activity with the pedometers. A partial correlation adjusted for age and gender showed no statistical significance between the subjectively determined physical activity index (PAT) and the objectively determined activity (average steps per day). Results from the co-hort participants indicated that both male and female participants spent a larger percentage of their time on sedentary activities (66.45 ± 15.84% and 70.13 ± 8.39%) respectively. Most of the participants, 64.7% females and 52.1% males, recorded fewer than 5000 steps per day with a pedometer and reported high PAI (9.61 ± 1.83 males and 7.79 ± 1.26 females) with the THUSA-PAQ. On this population partial correlation analyses that was adjusted for age and body mass index (BMT) showed a statistical significant relationship between (p<0.05) time spent on vigorous activities and commute index between male and female participants. There was no statistical significant relationship between the PAI (THUSA-PAQ), activity energy expenditure (AEE) determined with an accelerometer and the number of steps per day determined with a pedometer. Conclusion
The major conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that the participants did not meet the recommended physical activity levels (30 min moderate physical activity or 10 000 pedometer determined steps per day). The participants reported high subjective physical activity index (PAI) with the THXJSA-PAQ which did not correlate with the low objectively determined number of steps per day using the pedometer and AEE. Possible reasons for this include the influence of perception toward physical activity, social desrrabiUty, seasonal changes, reactivity and time of the year. Motion sensors gave a better indication of habitual physical activity among the Tswana speaking people of the NWP and should be considered for further research.Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Shore, Stuart Mitchell. "The H.Y.P.P.E. Initiative: A School-Based Physical Activity Promotion Program." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/68297.
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KinesiologyPh.D.
Physical activity promotion in schools is a critical component of adolescent health. The main purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a school-based program to increase the physical activity of 6th grade students. A total of 113 students in a large suburban public middle school participated in the 11 week study. A quasi-experimental design was used. Physical education (PE) classes served as the unit of randomization. Six PE classes were assigned to the control condition and six PE classes to the experimental condition. Control group students were asked to wear unsealed pedometers throughout the day in school and at home and to record their daily step-counts in school. Experimental group students also wore unsealed pedometers throughout the day and logged their daily step-counts in school, but additionally received a 10,000 step per day goal, were asked to attain an increased step-count goal during PE class, and received an enhanced PE curriculum. Pre- and post-test data were gathered for all dependent measures including average daily step-counts by week, GPA, attendance, tardiness, attitude and self-efficacy toward physical activity, and Presidential Physical Fitness Tests. The data analysis was completed using analyses of variance (ANOVAs), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), paired sample t-tests, and independent sample t-tests. Results revealed significant gains in physical activity for both treatment conditions. Both groups demonstrated significantly increased step-counts relative to their baseline step-counts. The intervention did not produce significant changes in attitude or self-efficacy. There were some significant improvements in physical fitness and the scholastic measures, but these changes were not attributed to the intervention. Very low attrition, a high compliance rate, and favorable participant feedback were also noted. Overall, this study revealed that, in the short-term, it is possible to significantly improve physical activity without changing an adolescent's self-efficacy or attitude. An important finding of this study was that multi-faceted self-monitoring was the most critical factor that contributed to increased physical activity.
Temple University--Theses
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Lease, Jeffrey. "Wireless pedometer." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/eesp/9/.
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Thesis (B.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009.Project advisor: Dennis Derickson. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Feb. 4, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.
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Andersson, Josefin, and Elisabet Nilsson. "Rör sig elever tillräckligt mycket? : En studie om pojkar och flickors fysiska aktivitet på fyra olika skolor." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för lärarutbildning (LUT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-14467.
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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning barns fysiska aktivitet under skoltid uppfylls gentemot dagens hälsorekommendationer. Metoden som användes var av kvantitativ ansats genom studie med stegräknare och observation. Huvudinstrumentet för studien var stegräknare vilket burits av eleverna under en skoldag. Undersökningsgruppen utgjordes av totalt 74 elever, varav 36 stycken var pojkar och 38 stycken var flickor i klass 4 på fyra skolor i södra Sverige. Resultatet påvisar att pojkarna rör sig mellan 47- 50 % av vad de borde medan flickor uppnår 33- 36 % fysisk aktivitet av vad de borde enligt rekommendationer. Pojkarna tog cirka 3 000 fler steg än vad flickorna gjorde i studien. Endast en pojke når upp till rekommendationerna men ingen flicka lyckas nå mängden steg som tillråds. Studiens slutsats är att eleverna rör sig för lite under skoltid. Det finns skillnader i pojkars och flickors fysiska aktivitet, både inom skolorna och mellan skolorna. Observationsstudien visar på att fler flickor än pojkar står stilla under rast och överlag är flickorna mindre aktiva än pojkarna på alla fyra skolor.The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which children's physical activity during school hours are met in relation to today’s health recommendations. This study was a quantitative research method through study with pedometers and observation. The main instrument was pedometers which the pupils wore during one day at school. The study group consisted of 74 students, made up of 36 boys and 38 girls from the 4th grade in four schools in southern Sweden. The results demonstrate that the boys were physical active 47-50 % of what they should and the girls 33-36 % of what they should according to recommendations. The boys took about 3000 more steps than the girls. In our study only one boy reached the recommended amount of steps per day, but no girl did. The conclusion is that the pupils are inactive during their time in school. There are differences in boys' and girls' physical activity, both within each school and between the schools. The observation showed that the girls stand still more than the boys during break and the girls are generally less active than the boys at all four schools.
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Duncan, Scott. "Physical activity and obesity in children measurement, associations, and recommendations : a thesis submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2007." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/429.
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Widespread increases in the prevalence of childhood obesity have raised the prospect of serious public health consequences in many countries. New Zealand is no exception; according to the most recent national estimates, approximately one in three children is overweight or obese. As a consequence, an understanding of the specific risk factors that predict this condition in children is becoming increasingly important. It is generally accepted that the promotion of physical activity is a key strategy for reducing the risk of childhood obesity. However, there is limited information describing physical activity and its relationship with body fatness in young New Zealanders. The overall aim of this thesis was to gain insight into the associations between excess fatness and physical activity in New Zealand children from a diverse range of socio-demographic groups. Three related studies were conducted to achieve this aim: a large descriptive survey of obesity and physical activity patterns in primary-aged children, and two preceding studies which develop the methodology for objective assessment of physical activity in this population. The first study provided the only validation data for the NL-2000 multiday memory (MDM) pedometer in children. In a sample of 85 participants aged 5-7 and 9-11 years, the NL-2000 offered similar accuracy and better precision than the widely used SW-200 pedometer (NL-2000: mean bias = -8.5 ± 13.3%; SW-200: mean bias = -8.6 ± 14.7%). The second study investigated reactivity to wearing pedometers over four 24-hour testing periods in 62 children aged 5-11 years. The sample was divided into two groups: one was given a full explanation of the function of the pedometer, while the other received no information prior to testing. The absence of significant differences in step counts between the first and last test periods indicated that there was no evidence of reactivity to this device for either preparation procedure. The central study presented in this thesis was the measurement of physical activity, body composition, and dietary patterns in 1,226 children aged 5-12 years, from which four chapters (4-7) were derived. The sample was ethnically diverse, with 46.8% European, 33.1% Polynesian, 15.9% Asian, and 4.1% from other ethnicities. Physical activity levels over three weekdays and two weekend days were assessed using NL 2000 pedometers. Percentage body fat (%BF) was determined using hand-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis with a prediction equation previously developed for New Zealand children. Waist and hip girths, height, and weight were measured using standard anthropometric techniques. Parent proxy questionnaires were used to assess demographic and lifestyle factors and pedometer compliance. The first reported analyses of this dataset (Chapter 4) examined the effect of weather conditions on children’s activity levels. In boys, a 10ºC rise in ambient temperature was associated with a 10.5% increase in weekday steps and a 26.4% increase in weekend steps. Equivalent temperature changes affected girls’ step counts on weekdays only (16.2% increase). Precipitation also had a substantial impact, with decreases in weekday and weekend step counts during moderate rainfall ranging from 8.3% to 16.3% across all sex, age, and socioeconomic (SES) groups. The aim of Chapter 5 was to understand the relationship between children’s step counts and their body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and %BF. Mean step counts for this sample were 16,133 ± 3,864 (boys) and 14,124 ± 3,286 (girls) on weekdays, and 12,702 ± 5,048 (boys) and 11,158 ± 4,309 (girls) on weekends. Significant associations were detected between steps.day-1 and both WC and %BF, but not between steps.day-1 and BMI. The findings in Chapter 6 extended these results by estimating the number of steps required to reduce the risk of excess adiposity in children (16,000 and 13,000 steps.day-1 for boys and girls, respectively). Finally, the study described in Chapter 7 examined the associations between excess adiposity and a series of demographic and lifestyle variables, providing the first assessment of body fat correlates in young New Zealanders. Our results indicated that children aged 11-12 years were 15.4 times more likely to be overfat (boys, %BF ≥ 25%; girls, %BF ≥ 30%) than those aged 5-6 years. In addition, the odds of overfat were 1.8 times greater in Asian children than in European children, and 2.7 times greater in the low SES group when compared with the high SES group. Three modifiable behaviours related to fat status were also identified: low physical activity, skipping breakfast, and insufficient sleep on weekdays. Clustering of these risk factors resulted in a cumulative increase in the prevalence of overfat.
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McCord, Olivia Love. "Body Mass Index and Soft Drink Consumption Among Adolescents." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd475.pdf.
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Kawolics, Karen. "Comparison of Daily Steps and Active Minutes using a Fitbit Device as part of an Online Community versus Tracking Alone." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1512682140493223.
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Grahns, Norgren Sander. "Frukten av frukt : en studie om intaget av en banan kan påverka aktivitetsgraden under en idrottslektion." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-3129.
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Sammanfattning Syfte Att påverka aktivitetsgraden under en lektion i Idrott och Hälsa med hjälp av intag av banan innan lektionstillfället. Frågställning Kan intaget av en banan öka antalet steg som tas under en lektion i Idrott och Hälsa? Är det någon skillnad i steg mellan att inta en banan före eller efter en lektion i Idrott och Hälsa, samt gentemot kontrollgruppen? Metod Under en period på tio veckor, utrustades tjugotvå elever med stegräknare av modellen LS200 (Tudor-Locke, et al, 2004). Monterade enligt tillverkarens anvisningar, det vill säga, i kontakt med höftbenet. Lektionerna var innan lunch på tisdagar och torsdagar. Lektionsplaneringen var uppdelad i moment om två lektioner. Under alla lektioner togs stor hänsyn till att eleverna gavs möjlighet att själva styra över sin aktivitetsgrad. Men det menas att någon lektion med en bestämd sträcka, eller en dans med ett bestämt antal steg inte genomfördes. Inom alla moment var eleverna fria innanför ramarna för aktiviteten. Tio av tjugotvå elever serverades banan innan eller efter varje lektion. Tolv av tjugotvå var kontrollgrupp och fick ingen banan alls. Vilken lektion, av varje veckas två, som skulle servera banan innan respektive efter lektionstillfället, avgjordes av en tärning. Vid ojämna siffror, serverades bananen före lektion på tisdag. Jämna siffror, bananen serverades innan lektion torsdag. Efter varje lektion samlades stegräknarna in och antal steg registrerades av författaren i Excel. Resultat Att äta en banan innan en lektion i idrott och hälsa gav ingen statistisk säkerställd påverkan av den fysiska aktiviteten. Mellan banangruppens (åt banan) steg, banan före och banan efter, skiljde det sex steg, 2603 (SD 313) steg mot 2597 (SD 238) steg. Mellan kontrollgruppens (som inte åt banan) steg, banan före och banan efter, skiljde det 76 steg, 2621 (SD 283) steg mot 2535 (SD 314) steg. Slutsats Ett statistiskt säkerställd samband mellan att äta en banan innan en lektion i idrott och hälsa, och aktivitetsgraden under samma lektion i Idrott och Hälsa, återfanns ej.
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Neureuther, Earlene R. "The health benefits of a pedometer based 100,000 steps/week physical activity program." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1366497.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if increasing physical activity to 100,000 steps/week would lead to improvements in cardiovascular risk factors for the "somewhat active" to "active" population. Thirty-one subjects, 13 male (mean age 43.5 ± 14.5 years) and 18 female (mean age 38.9 ± 12.6 years) who volunteered to participate in this study completed the full 16 weeks. Subjects were eligible for the study if they were healthy, could ambulate, and their baseline activity level met the step count criteria (> 7,500 - <12,500 steps/day). Subjects underwent laboratory testing comprised of resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, body composition, blood lipid analysis, bone mineral density, and a surrogate measure of cardio-respiratory fitness, prior to and 16 weeks after completing the 100,000 steps/week intervention. After the completion of preliminary assessments, subjects were asked to wear a pedometer continuously for 16 weeks; increasing their number of steps from baseline to 100,000 steps/week. Fifty-eight percent of subjects adhered (> 90,000 steps/week) to the 100,000 steps/week physical activity program. Subjects demonstrated significant reductions in body composition measurements overtime with increased physical activity. These improvements included body mass index 27.2 ± 3.6 to 26.8 ± 3.6 kg/m2, total percent body fat 35.4 ± 9.9 to 33.9 ± 10.3%, and waist circumference 83.9 ± 10.3 to 81.6 ± 10.1cm from pre to post measurements. In conclusion, individuals already meeting minimal physical activity recommendations (i.e. somewhat active/active) can gain health benefits particularly in body composition by increasing to 100,000 steps/week with the use of a pedometer.Key Words: physical activity, pedometer, walking, weight loss, adherence, dose-response, intervention.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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McNamara, Eoin. "Pedometer-determined physical activity levels and adiposity amongst Year 7 students in Tower Hamlets." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8702.
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Background: Tower Hamlets is a socioeconomically disadvantaged borough, home to the UK’s largest South Asian population, a group at increased risk of obesity-related diseases. Previous studies in this population have reported high levels of adiposity and inactivity. No borough-wide study has been conducted objectively measuring physical activity patterns. This study aimed to investigate pedometer-determined activity levels of Tower Hamlets' schoolchildren, their association with adiposity and differences according to ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES). The study was preceded by reviews investigating the association between step counts and adiposity in children and investigating the validity of pedometers as a measure of physical activity in young people. Methods: Participants were recruited from Tower Hamlets' secondary schools (n=884; 584 boys, 300 girls). A pedometer was worn for 7 days. Internationally recognised mean daily step count cut-offs (boys = 15000, girls = 12000) were used to define activity level. Body mass index (BMI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-determined percentage body fat (%bf) and waist circumference (WC) were all measured. Children were classified as being of normal weight, overweight or obese according to international cut-off points. A questionnaire was administered to establish socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Results: A total of 884 schoolchildren were recruited (66% boys, 34% girls). Of this, 657 (74%) provided a full set of pedometer, anthropometric and socio-demographic data. Sixty-five percent of all participants were South Asian and 55% received free school meals. Significant differences in anthropometric variables were observed according to gender, ethnicity and school. The prevalence of overweight/obesity ranged widely for boys (35%, 53% and 65%) and girls (33%, 55% and 55%) according to BMI, %bf and WC, respectively. The majority of participants provided 4 or 5 days of activity data, with 15% providing data for 7 days. Inactivity was high, 83% of boys and 72% of girls failed to meet the minimum recommended daily step counts. Activity was greater during the week compared to the weekend and those that were most active during the week were also more active at the weekend. Boys (11580±3560) took significantly more steps than girls (10062±3239) and differences were also observed between schools. No significant differences in activity levels were observed according to ethnicity, SES or adiposity levels. Conclusion: The vast majority of schoolchildren in Tower Hamlets fail to reach current physical activity recommendations, irrespective of ethnicity or socioeconomic class. Inactivity is greater at the weekend. The prevalence of overweight/obesity is also higher than national averages. Intervention strategies to increase physical activity and tackle overweight/obesity in this cohort are required.
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Anthony, Julie Michelle, and julie m. anthony@gsk com. "Increasing parental physical activity via children's advocacy: the 'walk your dad' study." RMIT University. Medical Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091112.113500.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a child-focused, school-delivered physical activity program on daily steps of children and their paternal parent, and to evaluate the acceptability to teachers of the 'Walk your Dad' program. A pre-test, post-test experimental/control groups design was used. The sample, recruited from Eltham College of Education, consisted of 60 children aged 10- to 13-years and 48 paternal parents aged 35- to 64-years. Physical activity levels were assessed over a 6-day period using New Lifestyles pedometers, 1-week prior to and 1-week after the intervention. The 12-week intervention consisted of two cross curriculum homework activities per week delivered to children by their classroom teacher, focusing on increasing physical activity behaviours of children and their paternal parent. Following cleaning and imputation, data were analysed using descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA. Teachers (n=2) of intervention group participants independently completed a survey on the acceptability of the program in the week following its completion. Mean weekend steps for children in the intervention group increased from 15,436 +/- 7,680 at pre-test to 19,575 +/- 10,537 at post-test, while among control group children steps decreased from 17,981 +/- 6,552 to 17,278 +/- 6,769. On weekdays (4-days), mean steps for children in the intervention group increased from 46,090 +/- 16,001 to 48,760 +/- 13,648, while among control group children, steps decreased from 46,907 +/- 9,912 to 43,717 +/- 10,255. Mean weekend steps for paternal parents in the intervention group increased from 15,116 +/- 5,640 to 17,473 +/- 6,836, while among control group paternal parents steps decreased from 18,239 +/- 8,345 to 17,836 +/- 6,855. On weekdays (four days) mean steps for paternal parents in the intervention group increased from 31,141 +/- 13,246 to 31,507 +/- 13,132 while among control group paternal parents steps decreased from 34,942 +/- 11,109 to 32,502 +/- 12,602. Repeated measures ANOVA analyses revealed that on weekends for children there were significant differenc es between pre- and post-test (p less than.000), between pre- and post-test for boys and girls (p less than.000), and between boys, girls, intervention and control class (p =.01) at post-test. On weekdays for children there was a significant difference between intervention and control class at post-test (p =.01). Results for paternal parents indicated that there was a significant difference on weekends between pre- and post-test (p less than.000) and on weekdays there was a significant difference between intervention and control class at post-test (p =.05). Both intervention class teachers had consistent views about the program. The findings suggest that during the period of research and among this group, the intervention had a positive effect on weekend step behaviour of girls and weekday step behaviour of girls, boys and their paternal parents. The process evaluation revealed some aspects of the program may require modification.
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Killen, Kelleigh Dawn. "Assessment of Physical Activity in Latina Mothers in the WIC Population." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31808.
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In 2000, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that Latinos represented 12.6% of the total population in the United States. It is projected that by 2010 Latinos will account for 15.5% of the population (1,2). Latinos account for 32% of the population in Texas, and specifically in Corpus Christi, Latinos represent 54% of the population (3). The purpose of this study was to compare reported versus actual physical activity among limited resource Latina mothers. This study also aimed to explore the validity of the existing Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall (PAR) physical activity assessment tools.
Fifty-five Latina mothers from a Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinic in Corpus Christi, Texas were recruited to participate in this study. Data were collected through a combined (BRFSS and PAR) physical activity questionnaire as well as through step counts using pedometers. BRFSS and PAR reported significantly different levels of moderate physical activity (p=0.0312) using Chi Square tests when appropriate. The response rate in PAR for all levels of activity intensity was higher than BRFSS. There were significant trends between the number of steps reported and BRFSS and PAR moderate physical activity. Further, the majority of subjects who averaged greater than 5,000 steps per day did not perceive themselves to be moderately active in either BRFSS or PAR. These findings question the validity of these physical activity assessment tools with this population.Master of Science
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Musto, Anthony. "The Effects of an Incremental Pedometer Program on Metabolic Syndrome Components in Sedentary Overweight Women." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/93.
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Objective: Pedometer programs are effective in increasing physical activity in sedentary individuals, a population that is at an increased for developing metabolic syndrome and each of its individual components. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of incremental increases in pedometer assessed physical activity on MetS components in sedentary overweight women. Design: This study was a longitudinal, quasi-experimental design. Participants were recruited from a 12-week work-site pedometer program and grouped after the intervention based on their self-paced increases in pedometer assessed physical activity with (a) active participants that increased their daily activity by mean volume >3000 steps/day or (b) participants who remained sedentary. Subjects: A multi-ethnic heterogeneous sample of seventy-seven sedentary middle-aged women (BMI: 30.15 plus or minus 5.24 kg/m2, age: 46.00 plus or minus 9.93 years). Measurements: Self-reported physical activity, pedometer assessed physical activity (steps/day), body mass index, resting heart rate, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL-C and fasting glucose at baseline and after the 12-week program. Results: The active group showed significant within-group improvements (P less than or equal to .01) in waist circumference and fasting glucose. Significant between group changes were observed in resting heart rate (P less than or equal to .01), weight (P less than or equal to .01), BMI (P less than or equal to .01), and systolic blood pressure (P less than or equal to .001); however, the changes observed in systolic blood pressure were not independent of weight loss. Conclusions: Our study showed that incremental increases in steps/day over 12 weeks is effective in inducing mild, but favorable changes in some MetS components. This data suggests that this approach to increasing step/day is a viable starting point for sedentary individuals that may find it difficult to initially accumulate 10,000 steps/day.
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Ng, Ip Kit-wan Judy. "The use of pedometer and physical activity log in assessing physical activity of school children." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1997. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/157.
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Hongu, Nobuko, and Jamie M. Wise. "Pedometer and New Technology - Cell Phone & Google Maps: What You Need and Want to Know." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146658.
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3 pp.Pedometers are small devices worn at the hip to count the number of steps walked per day. Pedometers gained popularity as a tool for motivating and monitoring physical activity. The purpose of the publication was to provide basic mechanisms and functions of pedometers. Additionally, we provided information of new technology (cell phone and Google Maps) that are emerging as a tool for motivating physical activity.
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Neri, Giacomo. "Pedometri per smartphone: analisi, implementazione e confronto dei modelli proposti in letteratura." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22906/.
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Il presente elaborato è stato realizzato per fornire un'analisi dettagliata degli studi relativi all'implementazione di pedometri realizzati tramite l'utilizzo dei sensori presenti all'interno di smartphone Android.
La ricerca ha avuto lo scopo di fornire un riassunto di tutte le possibili scelte implementative proposte all'interno di questi studi, confrontandole tra loro ed evidenziandone le ridondanze, e fornire un'analisi sull'effettiva efficacia di ognuna di esse.
Per ottenere questo tipo di informazioni è stato eseguito un lavoro diviso in quattro differenti fasi.
Durante la prima fase è stata realizzata un'approfondita ricerca dei principali studi relativi all'argomento appena descritto, ottenendo un importante quantitativo di informazioni relative all'attuale stato dell'arte.
Durante la seconda fase è stata invece realizzata una dettagliata Tassonomia, ovvero uno schema contenente tutti i principali step proposti dalle diverse implementazioni, fornendo in questo modo una chiara visualizzazione delle diverse opzioni di utilizzo degli strumenti proposti.
Durante la terza fase è stata quindi sviluppata una specifica applicazione Android attraverso la quale è possibile replicare tutti i diversi strumenti proposti, con la possibilità di combinarli tra loro in ogni possibile combinazione.
Durante l'ultima fase è stato infine possibile testare, attraverso l'applicazione appena descritta, tutte le diverse implementazioni proposte all'interno dei differenti studi.
Tramite l'utilizzo di specifici test è stato infatti possibile raccogliere un quantitativo di dati sufficiente a trarre conclusioni sulla reale efficacia delle varie implementazioni.
Questi dati hanno quindi permesso di identificare i punti di forza ed i limiti di ciascuna implementazione, e di determinare quale di esse fornisca effettivamente i risultati migliori.
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Butler, Lyra Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "The efficacy of a pedometer based intervention in increasing physical activity in cardiac patients in the community." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Public Health & Community Medicine, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42056.
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Rationale Within Australia, cardiac rehabilitation attendance is poor, with typically thirty percent of eligible patients attending programs. The majority of cardiac patients are not receiving the support or detailed information required to increase physical activity participation after hospitalisation. Further, many cardiac patients are not exercising independently, regardless of their attendance at cardiac rehabilitation. As physical activity is important in the prevention and treatment of heart disease, there could be substantial benefits to the individual and cost savings for the health system if cardiac patients were more active. Physical activity interventions based on social cognitive theory have demonstrated success in improving physical activity among people with chronic diseases. However, there is little research conducted with cardiac patients, in particular, with those who do not attend cardiac rehabilitation. This research addresses this gap in public health practice by providing an intervention to cardiac patients, irrespective of their attendance at cardiac rehabilitation, thereby addressing a population that is often overlooked and hard to reach. Research aims ?? To determine the uptake rate of cardiac rehabilitation in the north Illawarra and Shoalhaven areas of New South Wales and identify the characteristics of cardiac rehabilitation attendees and non attendees. ?? To evaluate the efficacy of a pedometer based physical activity intervention in cardiac patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation. Methodology This thesis consisted of three related studies: a cross sectional analysis of the characteristics of cardiac rehabilitation referrals (n = 944) over a 10 month period; and two randomised controlled trials conducted simultaneously. The Cardiac Rehabilitation Trial participants (n = 110) were patients who had attended cardiac rehabilitation; Community Trial participants (n = 215) were those who did not attend cardiac rehabilitation. The six week intervention evaluated in the trials included self monitoring of daily physical activity using a pedometer and step calendar, and two behavioural counselling and goal setting sessions delivered via telephone. Additional support for intervention group participants was provided through two brief telephone calls made after the six week intervention period. Self reported physical activity levels were collected at baseline, six weeks and six months. The questionnaire also collected information about psychosocial factors affecting physical activity participation. The exercise capacity of the participants in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Trial was objectively measured at baseline, six weeks and six months using a gas exchange analysis system. Results The cardiac rehabilitation uptake rate was 28.8 per cent of referred patients. Cardiac rehabilitation attendees were significantly younger and more likely to have had a coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABGS) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedure than non attendees. Study groups in both trials were not significantly different at baseline. In the Cardiac Rehabilitation Trial, improvements in total weekly physical activity sessions (p=0.002), walking time (p=0.013) and walking sessions (p<0.001) in the intervention group were significantly greater than the change in the control group at the end of the six week intervention. At six months, improvements in the intervention group remained significantly greater than the control group in total physical activity time (p=0.044), total physical activity sessions (p=0.016) and walking sessions (p=0.035) after adjusting for baseline differences. These self reported behavioural changes were corroborated by improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness at six months in the intervention group (p=0.010). Improvements in the intervention group in behavioural (p=0.039) and cognitive (p=0.024) self management strategy use were significantly greater than the controls at six weeks after adjusting for baseline differences. The improvement in cognitive strategy use (p=0.001) remained significantly greater in the intervention group compared to controls at six months after adjusting for baseline differences. Self efficacy, outcome expectancies and psychological distress were not significantly different between groups at six weeks or six months after adjusting for baseline differences. In the Community Trial, improvements in total weekly physical activity time (p=0.027), total physical activity sessions (p=0.003), walking time (p=0.013) and walking sessions (p=0.002) in the intervention group were significantly greater than the control group at six weeks after adjusting for baseline differences. At six months, improvements in total physical activity time (p=0.015), total physical activity sessions (p=0.019), walking time (p=0.002) and walking sessions (p=0.026) in the intervention group remained significantly greater than the control group after adjusting for baseline differences. Improvements in outcome expectancies (p=0.038) and cognitive self management strategy use (p=0.028) in the intervention group were significantly greater than the change in the control group at six weeks, after adjusting for baseline differences. However, these differences did not remain significant at six months. Conclusion This research showed that participation in a six week pedometer based intervention significantly increased the physical activity level and psychosocial status of people with heart disease. These findings suggest the pedometer based intervention could be offered as an effective and accessible option for those who do not attend cardiac rehabilitation to increase their physical activity levels. This intervention could also be promoted as an important adjunct to existing cardiac rehabilitation programs to promote adherence to physical activity after cardiac rehabilitation attendance. These studies provide community based evidence of an effective physical activity intervention for those eligible for cardiac rehabilitation, including those who do not attend. This provides a public health approach to cardiac rehabilitation programs and has the potential to improve health outcomes in this population.
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Manley, Dana. "Self-efficacy, physical activity, and aerobic fitness in middle school children examination of a pedometer intervention program /." View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 2008. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2008-015-Manley-index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D. )--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2008.Title from title page screen (viewed on July 17, 2008). Research advisor: Patricia Cowan, PhD. Document formatted into pages (ix, 87 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-70).
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Hubr, Ivo. "Měření vzdálenosti pomocí senzorů mobilního telefonu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220302.
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Distance and the associated parameters can be measured by specific sensors mobile device. Introduction The work focuses on the description of the sensors and the effects on their accuracy. To measure the distance, there is a number of good practices, which were described and demonstrated the application implemented source code for the Android platform. The project works with a total of three sensors, namely accelerometer, magnetometer and camera. The main objective of this work is the definition and application of methods for measuring distance using the appropriate sensors.
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Parker, Michael Scott. "The Relationship Between Maternal Employment and Children's Physical Activity." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1097.
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The purpose of this study was to determine children's and parents' activity levels, examine the relationship between mothers' and children's mean step counts, and fathers' and children's mean step counts, and determine if there are differences in physical activity levels among children with mothers who work full time, work part time, or are not employed. Fifty-eight families participated in this 12-day study. Each family member wore a Walk4Life LS 2525 or a Walk4Life LS 2505 pedometer to measure daily step counts. Additionally, all participants completed the pedometer step count logs each night, and parents completed a short demographic form. In looking at all children, males averaged more steps per day than females in all three age categories (5-10 years, male = 12,555 to female = 10,729; 11-13 years, male = 13,749 to female = 10,373; 14-18 years, 11,849 to female = 9,795). Additionally, fathers were more active than mothers (fathers' mean step counts averaged 9,490 and mothers' mean step counts averaged 8,715). Pearson correlations revealed that parents' physical activity levels were significantly correlated with children's activity levels (mothers to their children = .247, p = .003 & fathers to their children = .316, p = .000). Further analysis using Pearson correlations showed significant correlations between mothers and their female children (.291, p = .022) and between fathers and their male children (.342, p = .002). ANOVA (mothers' employment status x mean daily step count) was used to determine differences among the three groups (full time, part time, and not employed). No significant differences in children's mean step counts were found among any of the groups (F (2, 141) = 2.545, p = .082).
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Adams, Marc Anthony. "A pedometer-based intervention to increase physical activity applying frequent, adaptive goals and a percentile schedule of reinforcement /." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3372789.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 13, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-108).
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Styles, Liana Jessica. "An investigation into the effect of providing employees with a pedometer on overall exercise levels, barriers to physical activity, stress, and satisfaction with work and life." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5326.
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Given the positive benefits of physical activity, workplaces have made many attempts to increase physical activity levels of sedentary employees, typically through the use of an exercise intervention. The main purpose of the present research was to investigate whether the simple act of supplying employees engaged primarily in sedentary office-type work, who were intent on becoming physically active, with a tool capable of measuring walking activity (a pedometer) would enhance their physical activity levels over an eight-week period. As predicted, those who received a pedometer reported a significant increase in physical activity from Time 1 to Time 2, while those who did not reported no change. Furthermore, changes in physical activity levels were found to be negatively correlated with perceived barriers to physical activity at Time 1 and also with changes in perceived barriers over the eight-week period. These findings offer a simple and cost-effective alternative to traditional exercise interventions and highlight the importance of reducing barriers to physical activity to increase success when implementing future physical activity initiatives. No relationships between changes to physical activity and life satisfaction, job satisfaction or work-related stress were found. Implications of these results and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Luque, Carolina E. "Evaluating a Peer-Implemented Intervention for Increasing Physical Activity During School Recess." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7332.
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Physical inactivity is a significant issue in the United States that has been linked to multiple health concerns. Few studies have used behavioral interventions during opportunities available in school, such as recess. There is a need for low effort and accessible interventions to increase children’s physical activity during these opportunities. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of a peer-implemented recess intervention that uses student pairing and feedback to increase physical activity. Step count was recorded by a pedometer. Peer leaders were trained in a group using behavioral skills training. A new leader performed the task-analyzed duties each week of intervention. An ABAB reversal design was used to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention. The results were mixed across the participants, but generally this study did not achieve experimental control in an ABAB design.
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Shomaker, Kayla Ellen. "The effect of pedometers on motivation and steps in fitness walking classes." 2003. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Borchers, Melanie [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur Eignung des ALT-Pedometers als Fohlengeburtsmelder / vorgelegt von Melanie Borchers." 2008. http://d-nb.info/989584747/34.
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