Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pedestrian Dynamic

Academic literature on the topic 'Pedestrian Dynamic'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pedestrian Dynamic"

1

Zhao, Rongyong, Ping Jia, Chuanfeng Han, Yan Wang, Cuiling Li, and Zhishu Zhang. "Analysis of dynamic model based on pedestrian’s abnormal posture." MATEC Web of Conferences 355 (2022): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235503010.

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It is significant to detect abnormal postures of pedestrians in the crowd to crowd stability control. This study locates the joint points of pedestrians based on the pose estimation algorithm OpenPose. After the analysis of 18 nodes and six body parts, the sudden value of node acceleration is obtained, which is compared with the acceleration of the pedestrian’s centre of mass. When there is at least one difference in the direction or acceleration value of the two, it means that the pedestrian has abnormal behaviour. Furthermore, this study analyses the result of comparing the change of z-coordinate value in pedestrian movement with 20% of pedestrian height. These two judgment methods together constitute the dynamic criterion of pedestrian abnormal posture, and judge whether the pedestrian has abnormal behaviour. Compared with the previous dynamic analysis of pedestrian abnormal posture, the accuracy of abnormal posture judgment is improved. This provides a theoretical basis for crowd stability analysis.
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Zhu, Nuo, Bin Jia, and Chun Fu Shao. "Pedestrian Evacuation Based on a Dynamic Parameters Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 956–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.956.

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A dynamic parameters model is presented based on cellular automata for pedestrian evacuation in this paper. The dynamic parameters: Direction-parameter, Empty-parameter and Cognition-parameter are formulated to simplify tactically the decision-making process of pedestrians, which can reflect the pedestrian judgment on the surrounding conditions and decide the pedestrian’s choice of action. Pedestrian moving rules were established, according to two-dimensional cellular automaton. The simulation results of the model are analyzed. It is observed that there is a linear relationship between evacuation time and pedestrian density, however, there is a negative exponential relationship between evacuation time and exit width. The simulation results correspond with the actual, it is instructional significant for pedestrian evacuation.
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Li, Sheng Nan, and Xin Gang Li. "A New Floor Field Model for Pedestrian Evacuation Considering Local Density." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 1172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.1172.

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The behavior of pedestrians around the corner of a room or a corridor is one of the most important features in pedestrian evacuating dynamics. In order to study this in detail, an existing potential field model is modified to capture the pedestrian dynamic around corner by introducing a local density parameter. The local density parameter of a cell is defined as the pedestrian occupancy of the surrounding eight neighbors. Simulations are carried out to study pedestrian evacuation in rooms with corners formed by internal obstacles and walls. The simulation results show that the new model can reproduce the empirical pedestrian dynamics around corner. Pedestrians prefer to walk to lower pedestrian density area although the route may be a little longer. It is also shown that the total evacuation time could be reduced for the evacuation corridor is fully utilized.
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Zhu, Nuo. "Pedestrian Evacuation with a Improved Dynamic Parameters Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 1037–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.1037.

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A improved dynamic parameters model is presented based on cellular automata in this paper.The dynamic parameters: Direction-parameter, Empty-parameter and Cognition-parameter are formulated to simplify tactically the decision-making process of pedestrians, which can reflect the pedestrian judgment on the surrounding conditions and decide the pedestrians choice of action. Simulation of pedestrian evacuation and pedestrian moving rules were established, according to two-dimensional cellular automaton Moore neighborhood. In the improved model, the impact of the pedestrian density around exits is considered, the simulation and experimental results prove that this improvement makes sense, because besides the spatial distance to exits, people may also choose the exit according to the pedestrian density around exits. And the simulation results of improved model is compared with experiment, comparison shows that the improved model can reproduce the experiment well. The improved model is useful for further study, it is instructional significant for pedestrian evacuation, avoiding or reducing the number injuries.
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Qiao, Zhi, Lijun Zhao, Xinkai Jiang, Le Gu, and Ruifeng Li. "A Navigation Probability Map in Pedestrian Dynamic Environment Based on Influencer Recognition Model." Sensors 21, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010019.

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One of the challenging problems in robot navigation is efficient and safe planning in a highly dynamic environment, where the robot is required to understand pedestrian patterns in the environment, such as train station. The rapid movement of pedestrians makes the robot more difficult to solve the collision problem. In this paper, we propose a navigation probability map to solve the pedestrians’ rapid movement problem based on the influencer recognition model (IRM). The influencer recognition model (IRM) is a data-driven model to infer a distribution over possible causes of pedestrian’s turning. With this model, we can obtain a navigation probability map by analyzing the changes in the effective pedestrian trajectory. Finally, we combined navigation probability map and artificial potential field (APF) method to propose a robot navigation method and verified it on our data-set, which is an unobstructed, overlooked pedestrians’ data-set collected by us.
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Sana, Vladimír. "Dynamic Analysis of the Structure Exposed to the Moving Periodic Force and Viscoelastic Models of the Human Body." Applied Mechanics and Materials 821 (January 2016): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.821.282.

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Submitted paper is focused on dynamic analysis of the footbridge structure, which is represented by the simply supported beam. The continuous beam model was discretized by the FEM to MDOF system and loaded by pedestrians, walking across the structure. Three states of loading are considered in this paper. Firstly, it is the mathematical description of pedestrian's ordinary traffic, where each pedestrian is randomly generated by the Monte Carlo method. Secondly, the movement of single pedestrian, simplified by viscoelastic models, is introduced. Thirdly, the DLF model of stochastic vandals is investigated as well.
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Hawryszków, Paweł, Roberto Pimentel, Rafaela Silva, and Felipe Silva. "Vertical Vibrations of Footbridges Due to Group Loading: Effect of Pedestrian–Structure Interaction." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041355.

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The vibration serviceability of footbridges has evolved from the adoption of a single pedestrian crossing in the resonance condition to load cases in which several pedestrians cross the structure simultaneously. However, in spite of this improvement, pedestrians continue to be considered as applied loads in codes of practice. Recent research has pointed out that modeling pedestrians as dynamic systems is a step further in the search for a more realistic design approach. This is explored in this paper, focusing on the case of vertical vibration. A two-span cable-stayed test structure was selected, and accelerations were measured from single and group crossings, both at the structure and at a pedestrian’s waist. Numerical simulations considering the pedestrians modeled as loads only and also as dynamic systems were implemented, and numerical and experimental time response vibration signatures were compared. Reductions of up to 25% and 20% in peak and RMS acceleration, respectively, were obtained when pedestrians were modeled as dynamic systems, in comparison with the less realistic model of pedestrians as loads only. Such reductions were shown to depend on the number of pedestrians involved in the group. The results, thus, highlight that pedestrian–structure interaction is an asset for the vibration serviceability design of footbridges.
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CHAMNONGTHAI, K., and S. BOONRAT. "WALKING PEDESTRIAN TRACKING AMONG SEVERAL PEDESTRIANS BY DYNAMIC CAMERA." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 13, no. 02 (April 2005): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488505003400.

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In tracking a walking pedestrian among multiple walking pedestrians by movable camera, the pedestrian-target determination is sometimes mistaken, and it needs real-time image processing. This paper proposes an approach for tracking a walking pedestrian among multiple walking pedestrians with dynamic camera mounted on a pan platform. The objective of this approach is to correctly select the target, and maintain target within field of view. The approach has three processes, consisting of motion extraction, target prediction and camera movement respectively. The motion extraction with background compensation is performed to determine the groups of moving edges. In the target prediction, target position is predicted by using appropriate size window to identify target among several target candidates and to increase the accuracy. The final calculated distance, and direction against target and error are cooperated to determine the predicted target position. At the final process, the camera is moved in order to locate the center of the view at the target center. The experiments were demonstrated by tracking a walking pedestrians at 1 m/s speed and five meters distance from camera. Each experiment roughly consumed 480 ms/frame processing time at 8.5 rev./s motor speed. The results showed that the system error was 5-8% for five walking patterns of a walking pedestrian situation. In the situation of multiple walking pedestrians, the demonstration were performed by tracking a pedestrian among two and three pedestrians, the results revealed that the system succeeded in maintaining the target within the field of view excepting the cases that the movement was suddenly changed in term of direction and speed.
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Ge, Xinfang, Weirong Wang, and Wei Yuan. "Research on dynamic characteristics of plate under pedestrian excitation based on Newmark-β." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 37, no. 4 (February 21, 2018): 682–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348418756025.

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Development of micro and ultra-precision machining, precision instruments and equipment, precision assembly and testing has put forward more and more high requirements to vibration isolation on environmental elements, especially the pedestrian excitation generated by workers' normal walking. Therefore, it is very important to study the pedestrian excitation's influence on vibration characteristics of precision instruments and equipment. In this study, dynamic model including mathematical model of pedestrian excitation, interaction model between pedestrian and rectangular plate structure, the human–plate coupled dynamic equation in vertical direction of pedestrian–plate structure was established. And then we use the Newmark-β method to solve the time-domain step-by-step integration of the first four order modes' dynamic equations and study the influence of the linear notion trajectory along the central axis direction on the dynamic characteristics of the rectangular plate. By simulation, we discussed plate structure response under different conditions, including plate structure displacement and acceleration response under the single person excitation with different velocities, under normal walking velocity with different number of pedestrians and under this case of different distance between two pedestrians. The results show that the structural vibration induced by pedestrian excitation has great influence on dynamic characteristics of plate.
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Liu, Gang, Jing He, Zhiyong Luo, Wunian Yang, and Xiping Zhang. "Dynamic analysis of pedestrian crossing behaviors on traffic flow at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 15 (May 25, 2015): 1550100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215501003.

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It is important to study the effects of pedestrian crossing behaviors on traffic flow for solving the urban traffic jam problem. Based on the Nagel–Schreckenberg (NaSch) traffic cellular automata (TCA) model, a new one-dimensional TCA model is proposed considering the uncertainty conflict behaviors between pedestrians and vehicles at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks and defining the parallel updating rules of motion states of pedestrians and vehicles. The traffic flow is simulated for different vehicle densities and behavior trigger probabilities. The fundamental diagrams show that no matter what the values of vehicle braking probability, pedestrian acceleration crossing probability, pedestrian backing probability and pedestrian generation probability, the system flow shows the "increasing–saturating–decreasing" trend with the increase of vehicle density; when the vehicle braking probability is lower, it is easy to cause an emergency brake of vehicle and result in great fluctuation of saturated flow; the saturated flow decreases slightly with the increase of the pedestrian acceleration crossing probability; when the pedestrian backing probability lies between 0.4 and 0.6, the saturated flow is unstable, which shows the hesitant behavior of pedestrians when making the decision of backing; the maximum flow is sensitive to the pedestrian generation probability and rapidly decreases with increasing the pedestrian generation probability, the maximum flow is approximately equal to zero when the probability is more than 0.5. The simulations prove that the influence of frequent crossing behavior upon vehicle flow is immense; the vehicle flow decreases and gets into serious congestion state rapidly with the increase of the pedestrian generation probability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pedestrian Dynamic"

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Kerfs, Jeremy N. "Models for Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction and Navigation in Dynamic Environments." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1716.

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Robots are no longer constrained to cages in factories and are increasingly taking on roles alongside humans. Before robots can accomplish their tasks in these dynamic environments, they must be able to navigate while avoiding collisions with pedestrians or other robots. Humans are able to move through crowds by anticipating the movements of other pedestrians and how their actions will influence others; developing a method for predicting pedestrian trajectories is a critical component of a robust robot navigation system. A current state-of-the-art approach for predicting pedestrian trajectories is Social-LSTM, which is a recurrent neural network that incorporates information about neighboring pedestrians to learn how people move cooperatively around each other. This thesis extends and modifies that model to output parameters for a multimodal distribution, which better captures the uncertainty inherent in pedestrian movements. Additionally, four novel architectures for representing neighboring pedestrians are proposed; these models are more general than current trajectory prediction systems and have fewer hyper-parameters. In both simulations and real-world datasets, the multimodal extension significantly increases the accuracy of trajectory prediction. One of the new neighbor representation architectures achieves state-of-the-art results while reducing the number of both parameters and hyper-parameters compared to existing solutions. Two techniques for incorporating the trajectory predictions into a planning system are also developed and evaluated on a real-world dataset. Both techniques plan routes that include fewer near-collisions than algorithms that do not use trajectory predictions. Finally, a Python library for Agent-Based-Modeling and crowd simulation is presented to aid in future research.
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Grachek, Adam. "Individualized Pedestrian and Micromobility Routing Incorporating Static and Dynamic Parameters." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177784.

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This project seeks to demonstrate routing optimization that would allow pedestrian and micromobility user groups to select and prioritize different route features according to their preferences. Through the creation of a routing demonstrator that considers both static and dynamic parameters in the form of pavement quality, elevation climb, travel time, and air quality, along with user-specified weights for their prioritization of each of these parameters, a number of routes were created and mapped to qualitatively compare against routes representing only a shortest path.

Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet

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Hallak, Neilson John Peter. "Numerical and experimental dynamic analyses of the Vega Pedestrian bridge including seasonal effects." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-255536.

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As timber structures become increasingly relevant and sought after – since they enable improvements in building time while reducing a structure’s life cycle impacts – streamlining their design can have meaningful economic and environmental implications. For timber footbridges, its design is frequently governed by serviceability criteria linked to excessive vibrations. To address this in design, it is necessary to correctly characterize the structure’s dynamic properties and understand what the leading parameters in its behaviour are. This thesis studied an existing timber arch footbridge, aiming to evaluate its dynamic behaviour both with experimental measurements and with theoretical models. The influence of temperature change over different seasons was considered, particularly around its effect on the asphalt layer – whose stiffness is highly correlated to temperature. The experimental results showed high correlation between temperature and natural frequencies: a variation of +21°C reduced the natural frequency for the 1st transverse mode of the deck by as much as 30.6% while the 1st vertical mode was reduced by 17.7% (variation of 0.029Hz/°C). The damping ratio was also measured, though a definitive correlation between its value and temperature was not identified. This change in behaviour cannot be explained by the influence of the asphalt layer alone however, as there is a high degree of uncertainty around many other components of the bridge and their interactions, such as the connections. Thus, to fully characterize the influence of each component with changing temperature, further experimental tests would have to be performed, or simpler structures with fewer connections should be considered. In designing a new structure, considering the asphalt layer as an added mass is a straightforward way to treat this material at the most critical condition (i.e. no contribution to stiffness). This strategy lead to sufficiently similar results between the computational model and the experimental results at warm temperatures. The asphalt stiffness could perhaps be considered for the 1st transverse mode of the deck, since it is in this mode that the asphalt layer plays its largest contribution.
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FAN, YINA, and FANGZHOU LIU. "Dynamic Analysis of Long Span Footbridges." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169183.

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A footbridge in Slussen is planned to be built and will connect the area of Gamla Stan with Sodermalm. As an increasing number of footbridges with large span tend to become more flexible and light these days, the corresponding dynamic problems due to decreased stiffness and mass draw much more attention. Specifically speaking, reduced stiffness and mass lead to smaller natural frequencies, which make the structure more sensitive to pedestrian-induced loading, especially in lateral direction. Fortunately, in this master thesis, only the vibration in vertical direction is focused due to that the footbridge in Slussen project uses enough lateral bracings to make sure that the safety of lateral vibration is kept at an acceptable level. In order to analyze dynamic response of the footbridge, the real footbridge structure is converted into a FE model by the commercial software LUSAS. In this thesis, four different kinds of critical standards are introduced, which are Sétra [8], Swedish standard Bro 2004 [9], ISO 10137 [5] and Eurocode respectively. By comparing these four criteria, Sétra and Eurocode are finally chosen to be the standard and guidelines for this project. They give the basic theories about how to model the pedestrian loading and provide critical values to check the accelerations in both vertical and lateral direction. By using FE software LUSAS, natural frequencies of the footbridge and the corresponding mode shapes can be calculated directly. Then, according to these results and relevant theories introduced by Sétra, the pedestrian loading can be modeled and the acceleration response of any specific mode can be obtained as well. Finally, based on the worst case with excessive acceleration, the methods to reduce dynamic response will be presented. Commonly, there are two ways to reduce acceleration response. One method is to increase the stiffness of the structure. However, the increased stiffness is always accompanied with increased mass of the structure. Because of this reason, the other way that installing dampers is widely used in recent years. In this thesis, the tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are introduced in detail as well as the information about the design principles of it. With important parameters known, TMDs can be added to the model to check how the accelerations can be reduced.
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IBISEVIC, AIDA, and HASANHÜSEYIN UGUR. "Numerical and experimental dynamic analyses of Hägernäs pedestrian bridge : Including seasonal effects." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254550.

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Wood as a construction material has in recent years increased, in particular concerningpedestrian bridges. By utilizing wood, the ecological footprint can be reduced,and the material can be designed to comply with the increasing aesthetic demandbridge designers are facing. However, as the material weighs little with respect toits bearing capacity, combined with design becoming more slender, human inducedvibrations are becoming a problem.Having this in mind, the objective of the thesis is to conduct a case study on anexisting timber pedestrian bridge and assess its dynamic parameters by means ofexperiential testing and numerical modelling. The case study concerns the Hägernäsbridge, an arch bridge located in Hägernäs, Täby. The thesis also considers seasonaleffects by conducting experiments on two separate occasions. In addition, the thesisevaluates influencing parameters on the dynamic behaviour by conducting a sensitivityanalysis. To aid the above mentioned objective, a literature review coveringsimilar type of analysis is conducted. The literature review also studies the seasonaleffect, mainly from the asphalt layer, as its stiffness contribution is temperaturedependant.The results from the dynamic parameters showed that not all modes fall above therecommended values concerning damping ratio (with values above 1-1.5%). However,all modes fulfill design criteria concerning the magnitude of the natural frequencies.Furthermore, results showed that the natural frequencies are highly temperaturedependant. The measured values during warm weather (+17C) resulted in lowervalues than those from the cold weather experiment (-10C). Moreover, the greatestdifference, by 21% was on the 1st transverse mode and the lower difference was onthe 1st vertical mode, that decreased by merely 5%. Moreover, the damping ratiowas calculated and it was not possible to find any correlation between warm andcold temperature. Instead, decreased temperature caused some modes to increase indamping ratio and others to decrease. The most affected mode was once again the1st transverse mode which increased by 146% going from warm to cold temperature
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Hallak, Neilson John. "Numerical and experimental dynamic analyses of the Vega Pedestrian bridge including seasonal effects." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254385.

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As timber structures become increasingly relevant and sought after – since they enable improvements in building time while reducing a structure’s life cycle impacts – streamlining their design can have meaningful economic and environmental implications.For timber footbridges, its design is frequently governed by serviceability criteria linked to excessive vibrations. To address this in design, it is necessary to correctly characterize the structure’s dynamic properties and understand what the leading parameters in its behaviour are.This thesis studied an existing timber arch footbridge, aiming to evaluate its dynamic behaviour both with experimental measurements and with theoretical models. The influence of temperature change over different seasons was considered, particularly around its effect on the asphalt layer – whose stiffness is highly correlated to temperature.The experimental results showed high correlation between temperature and natural frequencies: a variation of +21°C reduced the natural frequency for the 1st transverse mode of the deck by as much as 30.6% while the 1st vertical mode was reduced by 17.7% (variation of 0.029Hz/°C).The damping ratio was also measured, though a definitive correlation between its value and temperature was not identified.This change in behaviour cannot be explained by the influence of the asphalt layer alone however, as there is a high degree of uncertainty around many other components of the bridge and their interactions, such as the connections.Thus, to fully characterize the influence of each component with changing temperature, further experimental tests would have to be performed, or simpler structures with fewer connections should be considered.In designing a new structure, considering the asphalt layer as an added mass is a straightforward way to treat this material at the most critical condition (i.e. no contribution to stiffness). This strategy lead to sufficiently similar results between the computational model and the experimental results at warm temperatures.The asphalt stiffness could perhaps be considered for the 1st transverse mode of the deck, since it is in this mode that the asphalt layer plays its largest contribution.
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AVENTO, NAMI. "Independent Living in Age-Friendly Cities: Study on Dyads of Elderly Pedestrians Walking Dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/96080.

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The present thesis has, as one of its main goals, the objective to introduce the phenomenon of Ageing Society, particularly focusing on the theme of elderly population mobility in urban environment. The originality of this thesis comes from the study of elderly dyads walking dynamics in urban settings and senior citizens' perception about the neighbourhood they live in, in terms of safety and walkable conditions. The final purpose is to demonstrate, through the analysis of institutional and scientific literature, with the help of qualitative and quantitative data collection tools, how the quality of life in older years is related to the maintenance of physical and social activities outdoor, and to infrastructure and services supporting walking mobility. After the introduction to the theme Ageing Society (Chapter 1), the first part of the thesis (Chapters 2-3-4) discusses the importance of the concept of Independent Living as a new lifestyle for senior persons, and investigates the meaning of Walkability, the measure of walking condition, and of living conditions in general, in a definite area. These concepts can be associated to the word Age-Friendly City, which not only refers to a city attentive to citizen's needs but to every age, a city that is inclusive and aware of the wellbeing of its inhabitants. Moreover, we cannot ignore the important role that technology plays in elderly assistance and to the improvement of the quality of life. In particular, nowadays technology can make domestic living more comfortable, avoiding institutionalisation. Data collected through the administration of a long questionnaire "The perception of longevity", aiming at investigating the perception of the population regarding themes such as seniority and assistive technology, are presented in this section. Data indicates that older persons are perceived as autonomous in their daily activities and full of resources, confirming the necessity to promote an active and independent lifestyle through an increased social participation and the preservation of interpersonal relationships, also with the use of new technological solutions. The second part of the dissertation introduces the definition of "dyad of pedestrian" and an overview of the literature having as objectives pedestrian characteristics in dynamic contexts, in particular: interpersonal distance during locomotion, patterns of small groups in a crowd, elderly pedestrians exposed to environmental complexity (Chapters 5-6). The third part of the thesis (Chapters 7-8) presents two study cases: in vivo observation in Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan for data collection and analysis concerning pedestrian dynamics, and the administration of short questionnaires in Via Padova in Milan, with the aim of acquiring the experience of elderly people living in the neighbourhood and the conditions of walkability and safety. The results highlight important insights related to the walking behaviour of older people in terms of speed, direction, trajectory, cohesion and about dyads of pedestrians in a complex environment such as a non-signalised street crossing. Conclusion, future works and bibliography constitute the closing part of the thesis (Chapters 9-10).
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Shahabpoor, Erfan. "Dynamic interaction of walking humans with pedestrian structures in vertical direction experimentally based probabilistic modelling." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7241/.

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There is a lack of credible and usable knowledge, specifically related to human-structure interaction in the vertical direction despite of its importance and potentially huge economic impact. The research presented in this thesis addresses this problem via a systematic combined experimental and analytical study of the effects of people on dynamic properties of vibrating structures they excite by walking. Series of extensive frequency response function based modal tests were performed on a full-scale test structure with more than one hundred test subjects walking in different loading scenarios. The experimental results were then used to identify the parameters of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) mass-spring-damper (MSD) model of a walking human. Four different approaches, including agent-based modelling, were used to simulate measured scenarios of multi-pedestrian traffic. It was found that normal distributions with μ=2.864 Hz and σ= 0.191 Hz, and μ=0.295 and σ= 0.023 can describe the natural frequency and damping ratio of the SDOF MSD model of a walking human, respectively, when total mass of the human body is assumed as the mass of the SDOF system. A new vibration serviceability assessment method was proposed that takes into account not only the variability of the human body MSD parameters and the forcing function but also their interaction with the structure. Application of this novel method on two full-scale structures under walking traffic load verified its excellent performance yielding a maximum 10% error in estimating the level of structural response compared to 200-500% error margins when key design guidelines currently used around the world were employed. This method is versatile and, being easy to apply in practice, has the potential to replace the existing methods for simulating single and multi-pedestrian traffic on footbridges and floors.
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Gu, Yecheng [Verfasser], and Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Siekmann. "Intelligent tutoring in virtual reality for highly dynamic pedestrian safety training / Yecheng Gu ; Betreuer: Jörg Siekmann." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188612050/34.

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Gu, Yecheng Verfasser], and Jörg H. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Siekmann. "Intelligent tutoring in virtual reality for highly dynamic pedestrian safety training / Yecheng Gu ; Betreuer: Jörg Siekmann." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188612050/34.

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Books on the topic "Pedestrian Dynamic"

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Borri, Claudio, and Claudio Mannini, eds. Aeroelastic Phenomena and Pedestrian-Structure Dynamic Interaction on Non-Conventional Bridges and Footbridges. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-202-8.

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Fluid-structure and pedestrian-structure interaction phenomena are extremely important for non-conventional bridges. The results presented in this volume concern: simplified formulas for flutter assessment; innovative structural solutions to increase the aeroelastic stability of long-span bridges; numerical simulations of the flow around a benchmark rectangular cylinder; examples of designs of large structures assisted by wind-tunnel tests; analytical, computational and experimental investigation of the synchronisation mechanisms between pedestrians and footbridge structures. The present book is addressed to a wide audience including professionals, doctoral students and researchers, aiming to increase their know-how in the field of wind engineering, bluff-body aerodynamics and bridge dynamics.
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Breshears, John. Tools and technology, body and world: A structurally dynamic pedestrian bridge. [Houston, Tex.]: Rice University School of Architecture, 1993.

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3

Żółtowski, Krzysztof. Pieszy na kładkach: Obciążenia i odpowiedź konstrukcji. Gdańsk: Wydawn. Politechniki Gdańskiej, 2007.

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4

Kachroo, Pushkin P. E., Sabiha Amin Wadoo, Sadeq J. Al-nasur, and Apoorva Shende, eds. Pedestrian Dynamics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75561-6.

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Peacock, Richard D., Erica D. Kuligowski, and Jason D. Averill, eds. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9725-8.

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Peacock, Richard D. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. Boston, MA: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011.

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Cristiani, Emiliano, Benedetto Piccoli, and Andrea Tosin. Multiscale Modeling of Pedestrian Dynamics. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06620-2.

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Klingsch, Wolfram W. F., Christian Rogsch, Andreas Schadschneider, and Michael Schreckenberg, eds. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2008. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04504-2.

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Weidmann, Ulrich, Uwe Kirsch, and Michael Schreckenberg, eds. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2012. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02447-9.

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Waldau, Nathalie, Peter Gattermann, Hermann Knoflacher, and Michael Schreckenberg, eds. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2005. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47064-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pedestrian Dynamic"

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Hartmann, Dirk, Jana Mille, Alexander Pfaffinger, and Christian Royer. "Dynamic Medium Scale Navigation Using Dynamic Floor Fields." In Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2012, 1237–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02447-9_102.

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Schultz, Michael, Lars Rößger, Hartmut Fricke, and Bernhard Schlag. "Group Dynamic Behavior and Psychometric Profiles as Substantial Driver for Pedestrian Dynamics." In Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2012, 1097–111. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02447-9_90.

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Lau, Kevin Ka-Lun, Zheng Tan, Tobi Eniolu Morakinyo, and Chao Ren. "Dynamic Response of Pedestrian Thermal Comfort." In SpringerBriefs in Architectural Design and Technology, 35–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5245-5_3.

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Cui, Q., M. Ichikawa, T. Kaneda, and H. Deguchi. "A Dynamic Simulation on Crowd Congestion in Large-Scale Terminal Station Complex in an Official Announcement Advisory Information." In Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, 375–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9725-8_34.

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Suzuno, Kohta, Akiyasu Tomoeda, Mayuko Iwamoto, and Daishin Ueyama. "Dynamic Structure in Pedestrian Evacuation: Image Processing Approach." In Traffic and Granular Flow '13, 195–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10629-8_23.

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Yao, Fulong, Tianfang Zhou, Meng Xia, Haikuan Wang, Wenju Zhou, and Johnkennedy Chinedu Ndubuisi. "Dynamic Pedestrian Height Detection Based on TOF Camera." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 442–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6378-6_33.

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Iryo, Takamasa, Yasuo Asakuraand, Ryota Onishi, and Chiharu Samma. "Modelling Dynamic Generation of a Choice Set in Pedestrian Networks." In Transportation and Traffic Theory 2009: Golden Jubilee, 517–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0820-9_26.

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Fernando, Sarah, Shiromal Fernando, and Priyan Mendis. "Pedestrian Wind Comfort Study Using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Simulation." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 323–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9749-3_30.

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Porzycki, Jakub, Robert Lubaś, Marcin Mycek, and Jarosław Wąs. "Dynamic Data–Driven Simulation of Pedestrian Movement with Automatic Validation." In Traffic and Granular Flow '13, 129–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10629-8_15.

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Hoogendoorn, Serge P., Winnie Daamen, Dorine C. Duives, and Femke L. M. van Wageningen-Kessels. "Pedestrian Evacuation Optimization Dynamic Programming in Continuous Space and Time." In Traffic and Granular Flow '13, 31–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10629-8_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pedestrian Dynamic"

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She, Jinjuan, Marufa Islam, and Feng Zhou. "The Effect of Dynamic Speed Information and Timing of Displaying EHMI on Automated Vehicle and Pedestrian Interactions." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-68319.

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Abstract Pedestrian-AV (automated vehicle) interaction attracts a significant amount of attention in recent years. However, there are controversial opinions about whether an external human-machine interface (eHMI) that communicates AV’s intent is needed. The authors propose that vehicle built-in cues (e.g., dynamic speed information) and the timing of displaying eHMI when communicating an AV’s yielding intent are both important. An online study was conducted to understand the impact on a 2-way street with a marked but not signalized crosswalk. As predicted, pedestrians were more likely to cross, with higher trust in AV and perceived safety, when the eHMI was displayed earlier. Information of the AV’s decreasing speed did not have a significant effect on crossing decisions, however, it increased trust and perceived safety. In addition, eHMI did have a positive add-on effect on pedestrian’s trust in AV, especially when it was displayed earlier, in the scenarios that dynamic speed of an AV was visible. Moreover, both the timing of eHMI and dynamic speed information played a role in enhancing a pedestrian’s judgment consistency in the short period of the interaction with AV, i.e., viewing the approaching AV from 20 meters away until it stopped near the pedestrian. The study indicated that both information about the vehicle’s physical behavior (i.e., speed) and the eHMI are beneficial in pedestrian-AV communication. More in-depth virtual reality or field studies are needed to further validate the findings.
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Gallegos-Calderón, Christian, Javier Naranjo-Pérez, José M. Goicolea, Jaime H. García-Palacios, and Iván M. Díaz. "Dynamic Response Prediction of Lightweight Pedestrian Structures: Equivalent Crowd-Structure System." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.278.

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<p>In the analysis of lightweight footbridges subjected to pedestrian actions, the vertical dynamic response is often overestimated when Human-Structure Interaction (HSI) is omitted. To account for the phenomenon, a Single- Degree of Freedom (DOF) system has been employed to represent a person. When dealing with a stream of people, this approach may lead to an expensive computational problem as several DOFs have to be managed. An alternative to overcome this issue is modelling the crowd as a distributed Mass-Spring- Damper-Actuator system acting on the structure. Hence, an equivalent time-invariant system with two DOFs can be obtained while considering HSI. This paper proposes a procedure to determine the resonant response of pedestrian structures subjected to a flow of walking pedestrians. Through the construction of a Transfer Function in the frequency domain, accounting for the parameters of the crowd and the structure, the dynamic analysis can be addressed by computing a simple algebraic multiplication. The proposed approach is applied to a lightweight Fibre Reinforced Polymer footbridge, which has been recently designed and built by the authors at the School of Civil Engineering – Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. A weak traffic class (0.2 pedestrians/m<sup>2</sup>) is the considered load scenario for the assessment of the structural acceleration response. As a good agreement between experimental and numerical results is shown, the proposal may be employed for the fast prediction of the dynamic response of other lightweight pedestrian structures at design stage.</p>
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Cheng, Chi-Cheng, and Yi-Fan Wu. "A Pedestrian Counting Scheme for Video Images." In 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (CAIML 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.121211.

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Pedestrian counting aims to compute the numbers of pedestrians entering and leaving an area of interest based on object detection and tracking techniques. This paper proposes a simple and effective approach of pedestrian counting that can effectively solve the problem of pedestrian occlusion.Firstly, the moving objects are detected by the median filtering and foreground extraction with the improved mixed Gaussian model. And then the HOG (Histogram of oriented gradient) features detection and the SVM (Support vector machine) classification are applied to identify the pedestrians. A pedestrian dataset containing 1500 positive samples, 12000 negative samples, and 420 hard examples, which gave the false discriminant results with the initial classifier, also considered as negative samples to enhance classification capability is employed. In addition, the Kalman filtering with BLOB analysis for dynamic target tracking is chosen to predict pedestrian trajectory.This method greatly reduces the target misjudgment caused by overlapping and completes the two-way counting. Experiments on pedestrian tracking and counting in video images demonstrate promising performance with satisfactory recognition rate and processing time.
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Yin, Ziyi, Ruijin Liu, Zhiliang Xiong, and Zejian Yuan. "Multimodal Transformer Networks for Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/174.

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We consider the problem of forecasting the future locations of pedestrians in an ego-centric view of a moving vehicle. Current CNNs or RNNs are flawed in capturing the high dynamics of motion between pedestrians and the ego-vehicle, and suffer from the massive parameter usages due to the inefficiency of learning long-term temporal dependencies. To address these issues, we propose an efficient multimodal transformer network that aggregates the trajectory and ego-vehicle speed variations at a coarse granularity and interacts with the optical flow in a fine-grained level to fill the vacancy of highly dynamic motion. Specifically, a coarse-grained fusion stage fuses the information between trajectory and ego-vehicle speed modalities to capture the general temporal consistency. Meanwhile, a fine-grained fusion stage merges the optical flow in the center area and pedestrian area, which compensates the highly dynamic motion of ego-vehicle and target pedestrian. Besides, the whole network is only attention-based that can efficiently model long-term sequences for better capturing the temporal variations. Our multimodal transformer is validated on the PIE and JAAD datasets and achieves state-of-the-art performance with the most light-weight model size. The codes are available at https://github.com/ericyinyzy/MTN_trajectory.
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Pei, Chao, Lei Hao, and Yuesheng Zhu. "Pedestrian detection with dynamic iterative bootstrapping." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2017.8297070.

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Cao, Ke-Cai, YangQuan Chen, and Dan Stuart. "A New Fractional Order Dynamic Model for Human Crowd Stampede System." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47007.

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Tragedies due to people’s crushing or trampling have been observed in recent years. In order to understand the reasons that lead to these accidents, a lot of research has been conducted in modeling or predicting the behavior of crowd pedestrians. A new kind of fractional order dynamic description for crowd-pedestrian system has been developed in microscopic scale in this paper for a better understanding of human collective behavior where fractional order in time domain has been introduced. Due to the freedom provided by Fractional Calculus, a lot of characters of pedestrians can be considered in this fractional order modeling framework, such as memory effects, long range interactions and heterogeneity of each individual. Simulations results using Matlab in microscopic are also presented to show the effects of integer order and fractional order on evacuation time which is useful in evaluating the evacuation process or predicting crowd stampede that is going to occur.
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Poprawa, G., M. Salamak, and P. Klikowicz. "Dynamic identification of composite beam pedestrian bridges." In The 2nd International Conference on Engineering Sciences and Technologies. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315393827-41.

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Rao, Yunbo, Leiting Chen, Qihe Liu, Yanme Li, and Jun Zhou. "Improvement Dynamic Continuum Model for Pedestrian Flow." In 2009 International Symposium on Computer Network and Multimedia Technology (CNMT 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cnmt.2009.5374769.

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Mueid, Rifat, Lauren Christopher, and Renran Tian. "Vehicle-pedestrian dynamic interaction through tractography of relative movements and articulated pedestrian pose estimation." In 2016 IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aipr.2016.8010592.

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Higuchi, Akira, and Shigeru Takayama. "Dynamic evaluation of field characteristics by pedestrian flow." In 2017 11th Asian Control Conference (ASCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ascc.2017.8287580.

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Reports on the topic "Pedestrian Dynamic"

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Kaminka, Gal. The Impact of Cultural Differences on Crowd Dynamics in Pedestrian and Evacuation Domains. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada552369.

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An Affordable Tool Based on a Pedestrian-Vehicle Collision Model to Support the Fieldwork and Reconstruction. SAE International, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-5058.

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A free access tool based on a pedestrian-vehicle collision model is presented. The model allows for the qualitative and quantitative description of the entire dynamics of an event through pre-collision, collision, and post-collision segments. Furthermore, it enabled the determination of the magnitude of the initial speed of the vehicle before collision with a pedestrian and the location of the point of impact on the road where the accident occurred. The model inputs correlate to evidence collected at the scene, providing a platform checklist to assist investigators in their fieldwork. Additionally, the pre-collision segment allowed the investigators to develop an avoidability study to evaluate road safety. The model was validated by comparing the results with experimental cases developed with dummies, bodies, and reconstructed cases using statistical methods. It is shown that there is no significant difference, thus verifying its functionality. In addition, the tool is available as a mobile application (app) in Spanish and English, providing important affordability to investigators from some low- and middle-income countries.
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