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Frechette, Casey, and Roxana Moreno. "The Roles of Animated Pedagogical Agents’ Presence and Nonverbal Communication in Multimedia Learning Environments." Journal of Media Psychology 22, no. 2 (January 2010): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000009.
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We examined how the presence and nonverbal communication of an animated pedagogical agent affects students’ perceptions and learning. College students learned about astronomy either without an agent’s image or with an agent under one of the following conditions: a static agent (S), an agent with deictic movements (D), an agent with facial expressions (E), or an agent with both deictic movements and facial expressions (DE). Group S outperformed group E on a comprehension test, but no other differences were found on students’ learning or perceptions. The results show that the presence of the studied agent – regardless of nonverbal abilities – did not produce at least a moderate effect size. Further, a static version of the agent was preferable to one with only facial expressions.
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Kim, Yanghee, and Amy L. Baylor. "Research-Based Design of Pedagogical Agent Roles: a Review, Progress, and Recommendations." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 26, no. 1 (July 7, 2015): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40593-015-0055-y.
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Graesser, Arthur C., Carol M. Forsyth, and Blair A. Lehman. "Two Heads May be Better than One: Learning from Computer Agents in Conversational Trialogues." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 119, no. 3 (March 2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811711900309.
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Background Pedagogical agents are computerized talking heads or embodied animated avatars that help students learn by performing actions and holding conversations with the students in natural language. Dialogues occur between a tutor agent and the student in the case of AutoTutor and other intelligent tutoring systems with natural-language conversation. The agents are adaptive to the students’ actions, verbal contributions, and, in some systems, their emotions (such as boredom, confusion, and frustration). Focus of Study This paper explores several designs of trialogues (two agents interacting with a human student) that have been productively implemented for particular students, subject matters, and depths of learning. The two agents take on different roles, but often serve as peers and tutors. There are different trialogue designs that address different pedagogical goals for different classes of students. For example, students can (a) observe vicariously two agents interacting, (b) converse with a tutor agent while a peer agent periodically chimes in, or (c) teach a peer agent while a tutor rescues a problematic interaction. In addition, agents can argue with each other over issues and ask what the human student thinks about the argument. Research Design Trialogues have been developed for systematic experimental investigations in several studies that measure student impressions, learning gains from pretest to post-test on objective tests, and both cognitive and affective states during learning. The studies compare conditions with different pedagogical principles underlying the trialogues in order to assess the impact of these principles on student impressions, learning, emotions, and other psychological measures. Discourse analyses are performed on the language and actions in the log files in order to assess their impacts on psychological measures. Recommendations Tests of these agent-based systems have shown improvements in learning gains and systematic influences on student emotions. In the future, researchers need to conduct more research to empirically evaluate the psychological impact of different trialogue designs on psychological measures. These trialogue designs range from scripted interactions between agents being observed by the student, to the student helping a fellow peer agent, to the student resolving an argument between two agents. The central question is whether the learning experiences and outcomes show improvement over typical human-computer dialogues (i.e., one human and one tutor agent) and conventional pedagogical interventions.
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Ofer, Shlomit. "Fortune Teller and Midwife: A Reflective View on Pedagogical-Artistic Management in a Reality of Multiple Crises." Journal of Education and Training Studies 11, no. 2 (January 2, 2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v11i2.5868.
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The academic year of 2020-2021 was characterized by multiple crises, which affected the pedagogical-artistic management of the Department of Dance at the Kibbutzim College of Education, Technology and the Arts – one of the leading colleges in Israel for training teachers of dance. These crises occurred on three levels: the global, the national, and the local. On a global level, the Covid-19 outbreak brought about limitations imposed upon the public, from which emerged extreme social tensions, coupled with a political chasm that led to four election cycles, and finally a controversial military operation on the national level. On a local level, additional challenges included the department's shift to a new location in the city center, integration into a new "Faculty" organizational framework, a six-week lecturers' strike, and the replacement of two of the five administrative-staff members. These extreme conditions increased the number of secondary roles as an integral part of the Head of the Department's function described as fortune-teller, ombudswoman, clerk, real-estate agent, stunt artist, and midwife. The article focuses on presenting each of these roles and the transition from VUCA 1 (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity/Chaos, Ambiguity) to VUCA 2 (Vision, Understanding, Courage, Adaptability).
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Istenič, Andreja, Liliya Latypova, Violeta Rosanda, Žiga Turk, Roza Valeeva, and Xuesong Zhai. "Reluctance to Authenticity-Imbued Social Robots as Child-Interaction Partners." Education Sciences 14, no. 4 (April 9, 2024): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci14040390.
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We are facing the rapid development of educational technology and social robots tested in classrooms. Research has identified teachers’ caution and concerns about these robots’ social skills. Pre-service education is critical for forming beliefs and preparing teachers for the future classroom and innovations in educational technology. In the present study, exploratory factor analysis is applied to examine pre-service teachers’ concerns about social robots’ instructional integration in the role of social agents interacting with children. We apply a concerns scale encompassing the instructional and socio-emotional concerns regarding robots’ instructional integration in the classroom environment. In this study, the scale, which was developed in Slovenia, is examined in the Russian cultural context. Based on the concerns scale, exploratory factor analysis identifies a one-factor solution with five statements (of a six-item factor) shared with the Slovene sample, adding three statements focusing on the importance of the teacher’s role. Russian pre-service teachers share concerns with Slovene pre-service teachers and further highlight the authenticity of unique human relationships and interactions. Slovenian pre-service teachers are more focused on children’s social skills and well-being, while Russian participants give special attention to the teacher’s role and value and believe that it would be wrong to place the robot in a classroom for such a purpose. They do not consider the robot’s human-like interaction skills sufficient for it to be assigned the role of a social agent and interaction partner in the classroom. The inappropriateness of the robot for pedagogical interactions and relationships is the basis of all their concerns. The Kruskal–Wallis test identified the moderate magnitude of the difference between the groups (ε2 = 0.07–0.12), with Russian pre-service teachers presenting the strongest reluctance towards authenticity-imbued social robots in pedagogical roles. The authors emphasize the need to clearly state stakeholders (roboticists, teachers, children, parents) in the research design and their roles in the evaluation of robot implementation.
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Torrents, Carlota, Natàlia Balagué, Robert Hristovski, Maricarmen Almarcha, and J. A. Scott Kelso. "Metastable Coordination Dynamics of Collaborative Creativity in Educational Settings." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052696.
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Educational systems consider fostering creativity and cooperation as two essential aims to nurture future sustainable citizens. The cooperative learning approach proposes different pedagogical strategies for developing creativity in students. In this paper, we conceptualize collaborative creativity under the framework of coordination dynamics and, specifically, we base it on the formation of spontaneous multiscale synergies emerging in complex living systems when interacting with cooperative/competitive environments. This conception of educational agents (students, teachers, institutions) changes the understanding of the teaching/learning process and the traditional roles assigned to each agent. Under such an understanding, the design and co-design of challenging and meaningful learning environments is a key aspect to promote the spontaneous emergence of multiscale functional synergies and teams (of students, students and teachers, teachers, institutions, etc.). According to coordination dynamics, cooperative and competitive processes (within and between systems and their environments) are seen not as opposites but as complementary pairs, needed to develop collaborative creativity and increase the functional diversity potential of teams. Adequate manipulation of environmental and personal constraints, nested in different level and time scales, and the knowledge of their critical (tipping) points are key aspects for an adequate design of learning environments to develop synergistic creativity.
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Hulchiy, Olesia P., Iryna M. Khomenko, Nadiia M. Zakharova, and Olena O. Zelikovska. "ОПЫТ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ SMART-ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ПОСЛЕДИПЛОМНОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ ВРАЧЕЙ ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ." Information Technologies and Learning Tools 65, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v65i3.1882.
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The article describes the activities of scientific and pedagogical staff on information technology (IT) in the modernization of the educational process in the context of health reform and the development of public health in Ukraine. The major challenges and obstacles facing the institutions of postgraduate training preventive medicine physicians have been analyzed. By surveying the trainees, the authors have investigated and summarized the needs of post-graduate students for the development of their IT skills in the workplace, methods for enhancing and supporting their motivation, their vision of how their educational institution is committed to meeting their expectations. The article considers the implementation of smart technologies from the standpoint of a practically oriented approach to modernizing of the post-graduate training. The possibilities of smart-technologies to raise cognitive activity, develop communication skills (trainee-trainee, trainee-educator), distribute individual vitagenic and professional experience in the course of training, as well as their role in adapting the training to the needs of a particular audience have been analyzed. The use of the most effective smart-technologies in each of the main stages of the pedagogical process (updating of knowledge and understanding, application of knowledge, analysis, synthesis and evaluation) has been shown. The authors have presented the algorithm for information and analytical competence development in preventive medicine physicians, including smart-technologies application, in terms of performing by pedagogical staff’s different professional roles as a manager, a change agent, a coach etc. It has been proved that one of strategic tasks of postgraduate training of preventive medicine physicians is systemic and complex implementation of smart-technologies into educational process with a perspective informatization of educational environment.
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Rogošić, Silvia, Ana Maskalan, and Aleta Jurki. "What are the key roles of education?" JAHR 11, no. 2 (2020): 445–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21860/j.11.2.7.
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The position of education in society depends to a certain degree on the public opinion about what education should provide to an individual and the social community.1 In fact, in addition to the humanistic aim of education implying a versatile (complete, harmonious) or self-actualising development of an individual,2 the scientists often emphasise the social, political, and economic purpose of education. Thus, education, for example, has a very important role in ensuring economic and social progress and improving the distribution of income.3 In addition, the educational system is also viewed as a social agent that transfers the norms and values important for the preservation of a stable political system.4 Although there is abundant theoretical literature exploring these approaches and analysing them in detail, there is a lack of empirical research on how individuals perceive the importance of certain educational roles and what factors determine their points of view. It is particularly important to examine the opinion of preschool teachers and teachers on educational roles because they have an impact on the shaping of educational policies and pedagogical practices. Therefore, quantitative research was conducted on a sample of preschool teachers in the City of Zagreb (N = 481). The aim of this research is to examine which educational goals are prioritised by preschool teachers in terms of the main purpose of education and to provide empirical insights into the correlation of certain characteristics of the respondents (socio-demographic characteristics and religious affiliation) and their perception of the purpose of education. Thefindings show that the majority of respondents agree that education should primarily serve the development of a free and independent individual. Apart from the mentioned purpose of education, the respondents believe that the achievement of other goals through education (e.g., ensuring a healthy and stable family) is also important, while the meeting of economic and political interests (e.g. interests pertaining to capital and the European Union) is a less important educational goal. The results of the ANOVA test show that the respondents from smaller towns believe to a greater extent that education should serve the development of human resources of the local community and labour market interests, whereas the nonreligious and religiously unaffiliated respondents emphasise the role of education in the development of a free and independent individual and the emancipation of individuals from discriminated social groups slightly more than the religious respondents. Older respondents believe, to a greater extent than the younger ones, that education should primarily serve the interests of capital.
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Adam, Helen, Lennie Barblett, Gill Kirk, and Gloria S. Boutte. "(Re)considering equity, inclusion and belonging in the updating of the Early Years Learning Framework for Australia: The potential and pitfalls of book sharing." Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood 24, no. 2 (June 2023): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14639491231176897.
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Few would dispute the importance of equity, inclusion and belonging in early childhood education and care, yet translation into meaningful practice rarely centres the priorities of historically divested communities. The national learning framework for early childhood in Australia is the Early Years Learning Framework, positioning the child as a capable agent and describing inclusive, culturally competent practice. This article presents part of a larger study investigating educators’ beliefs and practices when using culturally diverse literature to address the Early Years Learning Framework’s diversity principles. A critical theoretical framework enables a robust examination of how the Early Years Learning Framework constructs, maintains, legitimises and/or disaffirms social inequities, implicitly probing how literacy education mediate/s messages children receive about their identity, cultures and roles in society. The findings suggest that instead of pursuing anti-racism and transformative justice, educators’ pedagogical practices were likely to legitimise existing racist structures. The findings are discussed in relation to 20 recommendations published by a consortium of experts in the updating of the Early Years Learning Framework. The implementation of the updated Early Years Learning Framework must act on questions of justice for whom and according to whom. To move to ideologies, methodologies and pedagogies of potentiality, it is necessary to interrogate and reject oppressive and harmful practices, inaccurate and insensitive portrayals, and pedagogies damaging to Black, Indigenous, and other communities of Color which this study shows have beenevident in the EYLF to date.
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Fera, Ardian. "PREPOSITIONS AND THEIR SYNTACTIC USE IN ALBANIAN AND ENGLISH." Knowledge International Journal 31, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3102571f.
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A preposition is a word or set of words that indicates location or some other relationship between a noun or pronoun and other parts of the sentence. It refers to the word or phrase which shows the relationship between one thing and another, linking nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. They are abstract words that have no concrete meaning. They merely show the relationships between groups of words. Within a preposition, there are many different variations in meaning that are conveyed. The proper interpretation of prepositions is an important issue for automatic natural language understanding. Although the complexity of preposition usage has been argued for and documented by various scholars in linguistics, psycholinguistics, and computational linguistics, very few studies have been done on the function of prepositions in natural language processing (NLP) applications. The reason is that prepositions are probably the most polysemous category and thus, their linguistic realizations are difficult to predict and their cross-linguistic regularities difficult to identify. Prepositions play a major role in the syntactic structures of the English language and they often make an essential contribution to sentence meaning by signifying temporal and spatial relationships, as well as abstract relations involving cause and purpose, agent and instrument, manner and accompaniment, support and much more. They are sensitive linguistic elements that are culturally acceptable and very well known to all members of the same linguistic community. According to cognitive semantics, the figurative senses of a preposition are extended from its spatial senses through conceptual metaphors. In a pedagogical context, it may be useful to draw learners' attention to those aspects of a preposition's spatial sense that are especially relevant for its metaphorization processes. Prepositions have type restrictions on their arguments, they assign thematic roles, and they have a semantic content, possibly underspecified. The only difference with the other open-class categories like nouns, verbs or adjectives is that they do not have any morphology.
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Ibragimova, Saule. "ENSURING THE SOCIALIZATION OF HIGH-CLASS STUDENTS AS A PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 04, no. 06 (June 1, 2023): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-04-06-18.
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Apoki, Ufuoma Chima, Aqeel M. Ali Hussein, Humam K. Majeed Al-Chalabi, Costin Badica, and Mihai L. Mocanu. "The Role of Pedagogical Agents in Personalised Adaptive Learning: A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 6442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116442.
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Personalised adaptive learning is becoming increasingly popular as a method of providing each student on an online platform with learning experiences that are tailored to their own requirements and peculiarities. This enables learners to go along many learning routes with the shared objective of information and skill development. In such systems, adaptivity and intelligence play distinct roles, with adaptivity being a more data-driven decision-making approach and intelligence being the emulation of human traits in a learning setting. Pedagogical agents, as defined in the field of artificial intelligence, are virtual characters with anthropomorphic features that are introduced for educational reasons. Because e-learning is a continuously growing area, the responsibilities of pedagogical agents change based on the goals that have been established for them. This article provides a systematic evaluation of pedagogical agents’ research and empirical data in e-learning from 2015 to 2022. Their responsibilities will be examined specifically in terms of flexibility and variety, realistic simulation, and their influence on learning: performance improvement, improved motivation, and engagement. The article finishes with a discussion and recommendations on pedagogical agents’ future directions in this ever-changing world of individualised adaptive e-learning.
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Pace, Judith L., and Larisa Kasumagić-Kafedžić. "Teacher education for democracy in Sarajevo and San Francisco: Pedagogical tools to connect theory and practice." Citizenship Teaching & Learning 16, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 397–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ctl_00073_1.
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The rise of nationalism that deepens hatred of the ‘other’, long-standing divisions and legacies of oppression threaten democracy around the globe. Despite the urgency of advancing transformative democratic education in the face of these daunting challenges, in real classrooms, most teachers do not take up this endeavour. Teacher education has a vital role to play in preparing teachers to educate democratic civic agents in contentious political contexts. This article presents teaching practices from two teacher educators from very different locations, Sarajevo and San Francisco, who equip pre-service teachers with pedagogical experiences and curricular tools that prepare them for five distinctive roles. These roles empower novices to bring transformative democratic education into their future classrooms.
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Domagała Zyśk, Ewa. "Non-Pedagogical School Personnel as Agents in the Functional Assessment of Students with Disabilities and Special Educational Needs." International Journal of Special Education (IJSE) 39, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52291/ijse.2024.39.6.
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Functional assessment, as opposed to classical psycho-pedagogical diagnosis, has been playing a significant role in the new model of inclusive education in Poland, launched by the Ministry of Education in 2020. It is a multispecialty process of collecting data about the child or youth’s functioning in order to design an adequate support plan in the ecological niche of the young person’s school. While the specialist role is well described in this process, subject teachers’ and parents’ roles are still being discussed. Little is known about the possibility of playing an active role in this process by the school’s non-pedagogical personnel. The paper aims to explore this role, which was done in a focus group research. The results are promising: they show a high level of non-pedagogical personnel observation awareness of the children’s functioning and their readiness to learn more about the nature of children’s needs and play a more active role in the functional assessment process.
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Knight-Diop, Michelle G., and Heather A. Oesterreich. "Pedagogical Possibilities: Engaging Cultural Rules of Emotion." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 111, no. 11 (November 2009): 2678–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810911101103.
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Background/Context Teaching, leading, and learning are inextricably connected to emotions. Yet, the significance of emotions is rarely addressed in educational settings, and when it is, the relationship between emotions and curricula is most often framed by of an overly individualistic behavior model that focuses on the management and regulation of emotions. This model obscures, if not denies, the structural-collective aspects of students’ and teachers’ emotions and thereby fails to recognize that emotions are culturally based, with patterns of selectivity deeply embedded in social and cultural structures. These patterns of selectivity operate to influence decisions that can lead to educational and social (in)equities. This article focuses on an imperative to understand how emotions function as sites of knowledge to create cultural rules of interactions that promote and/or hinder the preparation of teachers to act as agents of change. Focus of Study In seeking to better understand both individualistic behavior models and structural-collective aspects of teachers and students’ emotions as sites of knowledge within the classroom, the authors focus on the role of emotions in preparing preservice and in-service teachers to confront educational and societal inequities. Research Design The authors conducted a retrospective qualitative case study of 14 graduate students—reflecting a diversity including age, gender, and race—enrolled in a course on urban education. Using multicultural feminist theories, they analyze students’ understandings of a critical incident in the course about gender inequities through individual semistructured interviews, focus group interviews, and document analysis. Conclusions Students enter classrooms with “pretexts” of how teachers and students will interact in the classroom. These pretexts are integrally related to the negotiation of power in the intersections of race, gender, and class and underlie emotional selectivity. In these pretexts, a pedagogy of discomfort and a pedagogy of challenge simultaneously exist. The blurring and blending of these two pedagogies create a unique third space in which emotions serve as sites of struggle and contestation, and possibilities for changing the status quo of inequities. Four prevalent patterns of emotional selectivity emerged within the specific context of gender inequity in educational contexts: (1) denial of emotions, (2) mere existence of emotions, (3) simultaneous acceptance and denial of emotions, and (4) emotions-reason informing knowledge, identities, and actions. The fourth of these patterns offers pedagogical possibilities for challenging personal, educational, and societal inequities as it situates the focus of teachers’ roles as active agents of change.
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Avidov Ungar, Orit, and Tamar Shamir-Inbal. "ICT Coordinators’ TPACK-based Leadership Knowledge in their Roles as Agents of Change." Journal of Information Technology Education: Research 16 (2017): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3699.
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Aim/Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine what ICT coordinators perceive as the main elements of knowledge needed to implement ICT successfully into school culture. Background: For the past few years, Israel’s Ministry of Education has been running a national program of adapting the education system to the 21st century skills. Key teachers have been appointed as ICT coordinators. Their role was to implement technology in schools. Methodology: The participants in this study were 130 ICT coordinators in Israeli Hebrew and Arabic schools. Those ICT coordinators had to attend a special in-service 60-hour course throughout an entire school year. The research tool was the reflection of the ICT coordinators who were asked to complete at the end of the in-service course. Narrative analysis was chosen as the main approach to data analysis. Contribution: We claim that ICT coordinators maintain a complex perception of their role, based on broad personal and professional knowledge that enables them to lead the needed changes. Findings: Based on the findings the coordinators revealed primary successful elements of their work: (a) technological aspects, (b) pedagogical aspects, (c) the organizational aspects, and (d) the ICT coordinator as a leader of systemic change. The first two elements already appear in the TPACK construct, while the others constitute organizational knowledge (OK) and leadership knowledge (LK) that enables the coordinators to facilitate ICT implementation in schools, and these are the unique elements of this study. Recommendations for Practitioners : We recommend that when choosing ICT coordinators or ICT implementation leaders at school, one should check not only that they possess the familiar TPACK knowledge, but also organizational knowledge and leadership knowledge that was found essential to successful completion of the coordinators’ role. Impact on Society : his study has shed light on the nature and significance of leadership knowledge (LK) and its function as an additional expression of TPACK. Future Research: We suggest that future research about educational technology leaders’ TPACK be drawn from these results.
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Katsarou, Eirene, Fridolin Wild, Areti-Maria Sougari, and Paraskevi Chatzipanagiotou. "A Systematic Review of Voice-based Intelligent Virtual Agents in EFL Education." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 18, no. 10 (May 23, 2023): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v18i10.37723.
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Since its debut in the field of education nearly three decades ago, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been considered as a powerful tool to facilitate new paradigms for instructional design and innovative educational practice in the form of intelligent tutoring systems, chatbots, teaching robots and adaptive learning systems among others. Recent technological advances in the adjacent areas of natural language processing, machine learning and computer graphics focusing primarily on design features that can improve their human-like qualities of naturalness and believability as human interlocutors have also amplified new application opportunities for Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs) or Animated Pedagogical Agents (APAs) within the area of Intelligent Computer-Assisted Language Learning (ICALL). Although AI-powered IVAs hold the potential to enhance the learning process in nearly any knowledge domain and personalize automation in teaching by embodying different roles in the learning environment, strikingly few studies have empirically attempted to assess IVAs impact on L2 learners’ academic achievement when learning English as a Foreign (EFL) so far. This study addresses this issue via a systematic review of relevant interventionist IVA studies that were conducted in EFL settings and published within the 2015-2020 timeframe examining IVAs key affordances, major barriers in their adoption for language learning purposes, and the CALL research trends currently prevalent on the topic. Pedagogical implications for the effective implementation of IVA technology in L2 contexts are discussed and future research avenues in the area are highlighted.
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Piwowarczyk, Mirosław. "Family and family education model in parish press of Great Poland in 2nd Polish Republic: „Tygodnik Parafji Zbąszynskiej” example." Family Upbringing 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.61905/wwr/171230.
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Local press played a significant role in 2nd Polish Republic both from the perspective if state administration, territorial autonomies, political parties and the expectations of wide social environments and local communities. It fulfilled the need of information on the social, political, educational, cultural and economical life of specific environments. It also worked as a tool in propaganda and political agitation, it familiarized ideologies of political parties and expressed views and idea of local communities. It played an important part in local economy life; it educated and actively took part in popularization of interests in regional issues. Local press was both: a mirror of contemporary social relations, political and national divisions and the important agent in initiatives such as cultural events. It registered and pictured life of the town and its area citizens, gave pedagogical impact on the young generation by giving them patterns and forms of positive social actions, popularized specific ideologies, educational concepts, patterns of behavior, it created and influenced the local communities attitudes and actions. Its role was especially visible in Great Poland, where local press helped in creation of socio-cultural life in small towns and education. In the group of magazines that specifically influenced local communities cultural character and had an important educational impact we should ( ) include the parish press. Parish magazines in many cases played a role of the local community press. Beside the information on the church and parish community problems they included a lot of news from the life of the town and its area; they constituted a chronicle of local community events and also propagated precise world-view and coherent with it concepts oft. It was a case in Zbąszyń, were was published. played a sagnificant educational role in its environment. It propagated a homogenus, stright forward perspective (concept) of education, coherent with social teaching of catholic chuch and ideology of nationalist parties. Magazine often published articles on social pedagogy, citizenship, patriotic, religious, moral and family education in “the spirit of catholic and national values”. With great passion magazine propagated catholic model of family, specific rules of family life, patterns of family, education, wife and mother, husband and father, children, ideal of good Polish woman and house wife, ideal of good Polish man, husband and father. Specific roles and tasks were associated with them, obligations of parents towards children were also expressed. Very often articles included advises and canceling on mother-children relationship. There were attempts of creation of positive attitudes of children towards parents based on the use of examples. There were also articles stressing the meaning and significance of shared responsibility and actions of school and home in education towards child benefit. Most of the articles published in had a didactic, ideologist and moralizing character it was a tool for fulfillment of specific goals of “spiritual powers”. Despite that kind of single-tract perspective on educational issues magazine gained a wide popularity and respect within local community of Zbąszyń and its area. Presented attitude remained coherent with politically and morally (religiously) educated community and simply mirrored ideas shared by the majority of citizens. There is no doubt tat it played a significant role in construction of specific cultural character of Zbąszyń in the Interwar Period and education of its citizens.
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Cervantes-Duarte, Luisa, and Antonio Fernández-Cano. "Impact of Armed Conflicts on Education and Educational Agents: A Multivocal Review." Revista Electrónica Educare 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ree.20-3.12.
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This paper investigates the short and long-term pernicious impact of armed conflicts on education and educational agents (students, teachers and students’ parents), using a multivocal review by means of the integration and qualitative analysis of 60 research reports (voices) found in two databases: Web of Science and PROQUEST in the period between 1995 –date of the first founding paper- until 2014. Through the analysis of source data (voices) and taking the “multivocal review” as a method, the voices have been combined in nine categories, namely: a) Refusal and impediments to a return to education; b) Educational infrastructure damaged or destroyed; c) Cuts in or withdrawal of spending on education; d) Loss of the educational and protective functions of the family; e) Loss of the academic community; f) Non-qualified teaching staff; g) Drastic loss of skills; h) Abandoning school (population movements, destruction of networks and social environment); i) Behavioural problems: traumas, pedagogical roles and self-victimization. These categories have highlighted the serious consequences arising from conflicts, infringing as they do the most basic human rights and in particular the right to a sound education during childhood.
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Alsop, Steve, and Darren Hoeg. "Collegial Conversations at a Time of COVID-19." Journal for Activist Science and Technology Education 11, no. 2 (June 27, 2020): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/jaste.v11i2.34536.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, citizens and social institutions have been called into action. Questions of the future of school and an appropriate educational response to the pandemic have been widely discussed and debated. As scholars of science education, subjects particularly relevant to educating about the virus and its transmission, we discuss the roles and responsibilities of science education during pandemic. The format of this paper is a dialogue. We discuss theoretical positions related to science education and the pandemic, inequalities and injustices, recent anti-Black racism protests, and concrete pedagogical responses. As our discussion progressed, we increasingly recognize teachers and students as crucial agents in developing community-grounded, critical place-based, educational responses, recognising and addressing injustices related to differential global and local realities experienced during the pandemic.
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Alridge, Derrick P. "Teachers in the Movement: Pedagogy, Activism, and Freedom." History of Education Quarterly 60, no. 1 (February 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/heq.2020.6.
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In this year's Presidential Address, historian Derrick P. Alridge discusses his current research project, Teachers in the Movement: Pedagogy, Activism, and Freedom. The project builds on recent literature about teachers as activists between 1950 and 1980 and explores how and what secondary and postsecondary teachers taught. Focusing on teachers in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, the project investigates teachers’ roles as agents of social change through teaching the ideals of freedom during the most significant social movement in the United States in the twentieth century. Drawing on oral history and archival research, the project plans to produce five hundred videotaped interviews that will generate extensive firsthand knowledge and fresh perspectives about teachers in the civil rights movement. By examining teachers’ pedagogical activism during this period of rapid social change, Alridge hopes to inspire and inform educators teaching in the midst of today's freedom and social justice movements.
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Pérez-Marín, Diana, Raquel Hijón-Neira, and Celeste Pizarro. "A First Approach to Co-Design a Multimodal Pedagogic Conversational Agent with Pre-Service Teachers to Teach Programming in Primary Education." Computers 13, no. 3 (February 29, 2024): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers13030065.
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Pedagogic Conversational Agents (PCAs) are interactive systems that engage the student in a dialogue to teach some domain. They can have the roles of a teacher, student, or companion, and adopt several shapes. In our previous work, a significant increase of students’ performance when learning programming was found when using PCAs in the teacher role. However, it is not common to find PCAs used in classrooms. In this paper, it is explored whether pre-service teachers would accept PCAs to teach programming better if they were co-designed with them. Pre-service teachers are chosen because they are still in training, so they can be taught what PCAs are and how this technology could be helpful. Moreover, pre-service teachers can choose whether they integrate PCAs in the teaching activities that they carry out as part of their degree’s course. An experiment with 35 pre-service primary education teachers was carried out during the 2021/2022 academic year to co-design a robotic PCA to teach programming. The experience validates the idea that involving pre-service teachers in the design of a PCA facilitates their involvement to integrate this technology in their classrooms. In total, 97% of the pre-service teachers that stated in a survey that they believed robot PCA could help children to learn programming, and 80% answered that they would like to use them in their classrooms.
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Vieira, Liliana, and Clara Coutinho. "Urban Games." International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning 8, no. 2 (April 2016): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmbl.2016040105.
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Mobile technologies are increasingly rooted in society and, therefore, intuitively, teachers begin to take advantage of devices that students carry with them daily in a logic of 1:1 bring your own device (BYOD). In fact, it becomes crucial to use this media to promote/increase new pedagogical activities to motivate and challenge students to acquire and discover knowledge. This was the inspiration to create the MobiGeo, an Urban Game, for Geography teaching. The research question that guided the project was to understand whether the implementation of MobiGeo influence the process of learning geography in an outdoor education context. Data obtained allow the researchers to conclude that Urban Games are potential agents of motivation and interaction that predispose students to learn geography in informal learning environments. So, they suggest that the roles of teacher and student should not be abandoned but recycled and adapted to this new reality that requires more personalized and diverse activities of learning.
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Zaichenko, Natalia, Liudmila Zaichenko, Irina Kondrateva, and Dmitry Rubashkin. "Transformation of relationships between primary school stakeholders in the context of digitization." Education & Self Development 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/esd15.3.12.
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The need for research into the transformation of relationships between primary school stakeholders is caused by the acceleration of social and technological processes in which all agents are involved. Digital platforms functioning in unified information systems become cross-functional where they support managerial and pedagogical innovative solutions. The authors regard digitization as a new space for the poly-subjective relationships within information system development. In the transition to digitization it is important to examine the pedagogical aspects and assess the potential advantages but also consider risks. This study considers one of the significant manifestations of digitization as the transformation of the relationship between the teacher and the learner when the learning process is augmented by some active digital practices. Empirical data was obtained during a large-scale pedagogical experiment within the framework of “Learn to Learn” project focused on primary school learners. The sample included over 2,500 students from 46 schools of different regions of Russia. The experiment started in 2018. The project was based on a digital platform which facilitates the diverse roles of different education process stakeholders. The platform records learners’ step by step actions for further examination. These ‘digital footprints’ are available to the adults – teachers and parents, who accompany the learning process. The data is presented through the lens of the theory of liminality and Vygotsky’s concept of ‘zones of development’ and is accompanied by a comparison with contemporary international research in the field. The paper also considers the concepts of relationship transformation between the teacher and the learner while using digital technologies and analyses of the database. Drawing on the empirical data the research demonstrates the role of digital platforms to compensate for deficiencies in child’s skills and personal growth moving them into the ‘zone of proximal development’.
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Duckworth, Vicky, and Bronwen Maxwell. "Extending the mentor role in initial teacher education: embracing social justice." International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education 4, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmce-08-2014-0032.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how mentors can act as change agents for social justice. It examines mentors’ roles in initial teacher education in the lifelong learning sector (LLS) and how critical spaces can be opened up to promote a flow of mentor, trainee teacher, learner and community empowerment. Design/methodology/approach – Two thematic literature reviews were undertaken: one of UK LLS ITE mentoring and the other an international review of social justice in relation to mentoring in ITE and the first year of teaching. Bourdieu’s concepts of capital, field and habitus (Bourdieu, 1986) are used as sensitising tools to explore LLS mentors’ practices and the possibilities for increasing the flow of “pedagogical capital” between mentors, trainee teachers, learners and communities, in such a way that would enable mentors to become agents for social justice. Findings – LLS mentors and trainee teachers are uncertain about their roles. In the UK and several countries, mentoring is dominated by an instrumental assessment-focused approach, whereby social justice is marginalised. In contrast, what we call social justice mentors establish collaborative democratic mentoring relationships, create spaces for critical reflection, support trainees to experience different cultures, develop inclusive critical pedagogies, and generally act as advocates and foster passion for social justice. Research limitations/implications – While the literature reviews provide timely and important insights into UK and international approaches, the existing literature bases are limited in scale and scope. Practical implications – A model for mentoring that promotes social justice and recommendations for mentor training are proposed. Originality/value – The paper addresses the omission in policy, research and practice of the potential for mentors to promote social justice. The proposed model and training approach can be adopted across all education phases.
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Guerrero-Hernández, Gonzalo R., and Rocío A. Fernández-Ugalde. "Teachers as researchers: Reflecting on the challenges of research–practice partnerships between school and university in Chile." London Review of Education 18, no. 3 (November 13, 2020): 423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14324/lre.18.3.07.
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Teachers have tended to be underestimated as experts of their own practice and relegated to a technical role. In this context, action research appears as a form to legitimate teachers as active agents and producers of educational knowledge. This article aims to examine how a collaborative research–practice partnership between schools and universities in Chile fosters teachers’ role as researchers. It adopts a qualitative methodology based on thematic analysis of data collected from questionnaires and focus groups. In particular, it reports perceptions of in-service teacher researchers who conducted research projects between 2016 and 2017 as a part of a researcher–practitioner partnership strategy implemented by a university in Chile. The findings suggest that the partnerships were highly valued among teachers because the partnerships allowed them to develop pedagogical reflection towards the improvement of their practices and required particular awareness and recognition of roles and the relationships between practical and theoretical knowledge. Finally, possibilities for strengthening teachers’ role as researchers and collaborative research are presented at the end of the article.
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Casteião, André Luiz, and Susana Barreto. "The ASPEN method: Establishing the relationship between unmediated creative methods and heuristics adapted to the context of teaching design via an algorithm." Journal of Design, Business & Society 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/dbs_00041_1.
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This article’s purpose is to demonstrate the ASPEN method (from the acronym in Portuguese Algorithm to Solving Problems in Teaching), developed to help teachers solve problems in design teaching and establish the relationship between unmediated creative methods and heuristics adapted to this context. The long-standing relationship between teachers and students has been under transformation into an increasingly complex knowledge ecosystem and it has been driving teachers to take on new roles and communicate in ways they have not done before. Now, as opposed to merely passing on knowledge, teachers must guide their students’ learning process. Due to the societal challenges that we all face nowadays, teachers must be able to articulate across multiple disciplines, have a global understanding of the matters and be timely up to speed with technology. Taking an innovation ecosystem that includes all agents of teacher education into consideration, these professionals must be prepared to the fast-changing social scenarios that have been recently presented. The ASPEN method emerges from an ethnographic and exploratory investigation of the behaviour of teachers in the classroom, observation and analysis of interviews, and the analysis of pedagogical influences through curricular plans. The observation results found that older and highly experienced teachers claim that they do not need to participate in continuing education courses primarily because they do not have enough time and because they are often more involved with their own investigations. The classroom is no longer a priority. They believe that their pedagogical techniques still work. The ASPEN method is structured to enhance teacher’s experience in anticipating and solving possible problems in the classroom, as well as helping address specific issues that could occasionally arise during the learning process. The expected outcome of this research converges around the guidelines resulting from the practical implementation of specific pedagogies in design education grounded on the ASPEN method. This pedagogical model has been tested in the design field, but it can be applied in multiple areas.
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Aparicio-Molina, Carolina, and Felipe Sepúlveda-López. "Teacher Professional Development: Perspectives from a Research Experience with Teachers." Revista Electrónica Educare 27, no. 2 (April 25, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ree.27-2.15870.
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Objective. To analyze the scope of realization of professional learning communities with teachers and management teams who implemented that intervention during two years in a high school in the south of Chile. Methodology. In this applied research, teachers participated in phases of diagnosis of training needs for professional development. Based on this, a proposal of work sessions theoretically and methodologically linked to the professional learning communities was structured. The proposal was designed and implemented together with the school’s management team. After the implementation, the study followed with qualitative interviews and focal groups about the experience conducted with 17 participants; these instances were analyzed by thematic analysis following the phenomenological approach. Analysis of Results. The analyses allowed the emergence of three elements related to professional learning and agency capacity. It was especially evident that teachers recognized their capacity to take charge of their professional learning by considering work routines, focusing on learning as a positive factor among teachers and being important in all phases of a collaborative work design. Conclusions. The findings show that, although specific stimuli, spaces, and moments are required to encourage teachers’ work, it is possible to improve based on their own capacities, i.e., within each establishment, there is the possibility of achieving learning for all. This call is addressed to pedagogical leaders, who can modify their roles and adapt to professionals recognized as agents of change.
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Park, Yeonjeong, and Min Young Doo. "Role of AI in Blended Learning: A Systematic Literature Review." International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 164–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v25i1.7566.
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As blended learning moved toward a new phase during the COVID-19 pandemic, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology provided opportunities to develop more diverse and dynamic blended learning. This systematic review focused on publications related to the use of AI applications in blended learning. The original studies from January 2007 to October 2023 were extracted from the Google Scholar, ERIC, and Web of Science databases. Finally, 30 empirical studies under the inclusion criteria were reviewed based on two conceptual frameworks: four key challenges of blended learning and three roles of AI. We found that AI applications have been used mainly for the online asynchronous individual learning component in blended learning; little work has been conducted on AI applications that help connect online activities with classroom-based offline activities. Many studies have identified the role of AI as a direct mediator to help control flexibility and autonomy of students in blended learning. However, abundant studies have also identified AI as a supplementary assistant using advanced learning analytics technologies that promote effective interactions with students and facilitate the learning process. Finally, the fewest number of studies have explored the role of AI as a new subject such as use as pedagogical agents or robots. Considering the advancements of generative AI technologies, we expect more research on AI in blended learning. The findings of this study suggested that future studies should guide teachers and their smart AI partner to implement blended learning more effectively.
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Rendahl, Jenny, Signild Risenfors, Peter Korp, Marianne Pipping Ekström, and Christina Berg. "Forskarinitierat rollspel med efterföljande fokusgruppintervju." Educare - vetenskapliga skrifter, no. 2 (January 1, 2017): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/educare.2017.2.2.
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Role-play is a useful pedagogic tool because it involves active participation and facilitates various ways of expression. However, role-play has received less attention as a research method. We have used researcher-initiated role-play with subsequent focus group interview in a study of adolescents' conceptions about food messages. In this paper we will use our experiences from this empirical study to describe and evaluate the use of researcher-initiated role-play with subsequent focus group interview as a method for data collection. In our empirical study the participants chose and played role characters representing agents they think convey food messages to them in their everyday life. They planned, bought, cooked and ate the food, and after that they participated in a focus group interview. Our experience is that this method enables participants to be active throughout the research process. They influence how the role-play proceeds, which diverts the control from the researcher to the participants and reduces the power hierarchy. Furthermore, this method promotes reflection among the participants. Both because they are acting in roles and because they are confronted with interaction with authentic food. In our study this contributed to a rich data material. Therefore, we consider this method to be a promising research method for studies concerning everyday practices.
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Rusu, Alina Simona, Adriana Dalila Criste, and Daniel Severus Dezmirean. "Voices of NGOs Supporting the First Master’s Degree Program in Ethology and Human-Animal Interactions in Romania: An Exploratory Qualitative Analysis." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041091.
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This study aims to explore through a qualitative thematic analysis the reflections of six animal protection and wildlife conservation NGOs in Romania regarding the development of the first specialized master’s degree program in ethology and human-animal interaction (EHAI), in relation to the identified needs based on their experience in the field, as well as their expectations in terms of collaboration with the graduates of such a program in addressing the common problems in the areas of animal welfare and human-animal interactions (HAIs). The qualitative content analysis of the written reflections allowed the identification of two themes, which provided valuable insights regarding the curriculum offerings and the pedagogical strategies that could respond to the expressed needs and expectations. The first theme included seven categories of concerns expressed by the NGOs over the animal welfare and HAIs in Romania, i.e., concerns over stray animals, lack of education of general population on HAI and animal welfare, maltreatment of animals, human-animal conflicts, lack of professional specializations in HAI, concerns over common global issues, and concerns over national nature conservation. The second theme refers to the expectations regarding the roles of the graduates of the EHAI master’s program, and it includes four categories of codes: agents for change towards a responsible community, problem solvers, public policy-makers, and providers of competence-based expertise. The inclusion of Service-Learning as signature pedagogy in the EHAI program, in connection with the One Welfare approach, is discussed in relation to the needs expressed by the representatives of the NGOs.
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Peirats Chacón, José, José Luis Muñoz Moreno, and Ángel San Martín Alonso. "Los imponderables de la tecnología educativa en la formación del profesorado / The intangibles of educational technology in the teacher training." Revista Latinoamericana de Tecnología Educativa - RELATEC 14, no. 3 (October 25, 2015): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17398/1695-288x.14.3.11.
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El artículo se focaliza en la influencia que tienen la actitud y los valores culturales y pedagógicos del profesorado ante el uso de los dispositivos tecnológicos en las aulas. La formación del profesorado en tecnología educativa, como valor estratégico relevante, queda orientada en la dirección de promover la innovación y el cambio educativo para la mejora. El análisis llevado a cabo permite identificar hasta cinco principales imponderables de las tecnologías en la formación del profesorado. Se trata de la inestabilidad de los protocolos de equipamiento de los centros escolares, la innovación en los centros escolares versus el desarrollo de artefactos tecnológicos, la gestión y el control como servidumbre, la cultura tecnológica de los centros escolares y los nuevos roles y representaciones entre los agentes educativos. Algunas consideraciones últimas a las que se llega destacan la conveniencia de potenciar en los centros escolares una cultura tecnológica sostenida en actitudes y valores como la libertad, la democracia y el espíritu crítico. Siempre desde la lógica de la reflexión compartida y la cooperación entre los distintos agentes que configuran las comunidades educativas. En el desarrollo de nuestra sociedad del conocimiento se va a precisar, también, de un profesorado adecuada y oportunamente formado en actitudes y valores éticos, pues en el ejercicio de la docencia van a resultar pilares básicos tanto la independencia, como la participación y la configuración de una ciudadanía crítica.AbstractThe article focuses on the influence the attitude and cultural values of the pedagogical faculty before the use of technological devices in the classroom. Teacher training in educational technology, such as strategic value relevant, is pointing in the direction of promoting innovation and educational change for improvement. The analysis carried out lets you identify up to five major uncertainties in the technologies in the field of teacher training. It is the instability of the protocols of equipment for the schools, the innovation in the schools versus the development of technological artifacts, the management and control as an easement, the technological culture of the schools and the new roles and representations between the educational agents. Some considerations to the latter that stand out is reached the desirability of enhancing in the schools a technological culture sustained in attitudes and values such as freedom, democracy and critical spirit. Always from the logic of the shared reflection, and the cooperation between the various actors that shape the educational communities. In the development of our knowledge-based society is to be noted, also, a faculty adequate and timely formed in attitudes and ethical values, because in the exercise of the teaching will be basic pillars both independence, such as participation and the configuration of a critical citizenship.
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Csörsz, Ilona. "Social psychological determinants of the formation of medical students’ professional identity. Possibilities of development." Orvosi Hetilap 152, no. 12 (March 2011): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2011.29078.
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Systematic observations regarding techniques of medical career-socialization has hardly ever appeared in Hungarian technical literature yet. Focusing on the need for practical medical training the author elaborated a career-socialization program consisting of a three-level, three-branch training technique. This consisted of a Junior Bálint-group, an imaginative visualization technique, and an expressive, drama-pedagogical working method completed with a projective technique. This career-socialization program focuses on the physician’s personality, capability-expansion in relationship management, and practicing a set of professional behavior-roles. During the empirical observations connected to the work the author examined medical students’ patient-representation, their relation to the patients, and the development of the physician’s professional character. Within the frames of this three-level, three-branch training technique program it enables us to observe which training technique is able to reveal all those psychological qualities that can contribute to the conformation of the representations, thus to the process of career-socialization in the most effective way. The content-analyses of the cases of Junior Bálint-groups (n = 60) revealed that the most frequent problems are fear of intimacy, of bodily contact, communication with patients in a chronic or terminal state, and the fear of medical practice. The content-analyses of imaginary patient-images (n = 62) with Rorschach-signs confirmed that the psychological burdens mentioned above are the most serious problems for medical students. The process-, and content-analyses of drama-games, the integrative healing contact training groups (n = 74) showed that group work primarily intensifies the relationship responsiveness, the ability to adopt the other’s (the patient’s) viewpoints, and enables an involuntary and distressless identification with the patient and the physician, both agents in the healing relationship. It is the drama-game that gives significant support to experience the physician- patient relationship in a high quality level. In the next phase the author tested the short story used for the drama-game and its projective contents on a sample of medical and psychology students (n = 313). For the statistical analysis the SPSS and the LEM program-packets were applied. Statistical methods included variance analysis, chi-square test and log-linear analysis. The vast similarity of the projective contents appearing in the survey questionnaire and in the drama-group verified that the chosen short story as a projective surface is suitable for recalling the students’ typical stereotypes and representations related to diseases, patients, healing experts and therapeutic situations. The drama-group focused on the realization of these stereotypical representations, and also on experiencing and forming the students’ emotional relations to them. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 475–480.
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Mcclain, Margy. "Parental Agency in Educational Decision Making: A Mexican American Example." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 112, no. 12 (December 2010): 3074–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811011201203.
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Background/Context This article explores the experiences of one Mexican American family as they make a key curriculum choice for their 9-year-old son. Relatively little attention has been paid to parents’ beliefs, attitudes, and, in particular, experiences as they actively engage in—and sometimes affect—their children's schooling. Parents’ agency in utilizing various kinds of educational strategizing, especially immigrant and urban working-class parents, has been overlooked. Deficit theories of low-income families have a long history in educational thought. Although more recent scholarship has debunked these theories, they remain pervasive across the country. Educators often do not recognize the many ways in which urban parents may be involved in their children's schooling. Voices of parents themselves speaking to their experiences with schools are just beginning to emerge. Purpose This article offers a rich example of the educational decision-making process of one Mexican American family. I take a phenomenological approach to examine human agency in specific familial decisions about this child's schooling that support the parents’ own vision of education. Here is a story of thoughtful, reflective decision-making that took place over a period of several years, when the parents finally decided to move their son from a transitional bilingual program at a public school to a parochial school taught in English. Research Design This is a narrative inquiry based on interviews and observations that took place with one family and one focal child through the course of a calendar year. It is situated within the frame of an ethnographic study on the educational life worlds of the family. The analysis draws on van Manen's use of phenomenology to examine how parents reflected upon experience to better understand a situation, resulting in “lived experience,” an understanding of the meanings a particular person finds in an event. Conclusions/Recommendations Immigrant and other urban parents may be actively engaged in their children's education, asking important and valid curriculum questions in ways that remain invisible to educators. I suggest alternatives to deficit theories that render parents’ perspectives invisible. Terms usually reserved for teachers can also be applied to parents: “knowledgeable observers” who make “pedagogically thoughtful” decisions about “curriculum.” This perspective would recommend that educational practice and policy use theoretical frameworks stressing parents’ roles as strong, positive, and active agents on behalf of their children and the need to develop dialogue based on respect. Further qualitative research in particular can provide needed depth in our understanding of parents’ struggles to negotiate the boundaries of culture, history and biography as they guide their children through the complex maze of school.
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Soodan, Vishal, Avinash Rana, Anurag Jain, and Deeksha Sharma. "AI Chatbot Adoption in Academia: Task Fit, Usefulness and Collegial Ties." Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice 23 (2024): 001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/5260.
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Aim/Purpose: This mixed-methods study aims to examine factors influencing academicians’ intentions to continue using AI-based chatbots by integrating the Task-Technology Fit (TTF) model and social network characteristics. Background: AI-powered chatbots are gaining popularity across industries, including academia. However, empirical research on academicians’ adoption behavior is limited. This study proposes an integrated model incorporating TTF factors and social network characteristics like density, homophily, and connectedness to understand academics’ continuance intentions. Methodology: A qualitative study involving 31 interviews of academics from India examined attitudes and the potential role of social network characteristics like density, homophily, and connectedness in adoption. Results showed positive sentiment towards chatbots and themes on how peer groups accelerate diffusion. In the second phase, a survey of 448 faculty members from prominent Indian universities was conducted to test the proposed research model. Contribution: The study proposes and validates an integrated model of TTF and social network factors that influence academics’ continued usage intentions toward AI chatbots. It highlights the nuanced role of peer networks in shaping adoption. Findings: Task and technology characteristics positively affected academics’ intentions to continue AI chatbot usage. Among network factors, density showed the strongest effect on TTF and perceived usefulness, while homophily and connectedness had partial effects. The study provides insights into designing appropriate AI tools for the academic context. Recommendations for Practitioners: AI chatbot designers should focus on aligning features to academics’ task needs and preferences. Compatibility with academic work culture is critical. Given peer network influences, training and demonstrations to user groups can enhance adoption. Platforms should have capabilities for collaborative use. Targeted messaging customized to disciplines can resonate better with academic subgroups. Multidisciplinary influencers should be engaged. Concerns like plagiarism risks, privacy, and job impacts should be transparently addressed. Recommendation for Researchers: More studies are needed across academic subfields to understand nuanced requirements and barriers. Further studies are recommended to investigate differences across disciplines and demographics, relative effects of specific network factors like size, proximity, and frequency of interaction, the role of academic leadership and institutional policies in enabling chatbot adoption, and how AI training biases impact usefulness perceptions and ethical issues. Impact on Society: Increased productivity in academia through the appropriate and ethical use of AI can enhance quality, access, and equity in education. AI can assist in mundane tasks, freeing academics’ time for higher-order objectives like critical thinking development. Responsible AI design and policies considering socio-cultural aspects will benefit sustainable growth. With careful implementation, it can make positive impacts on student engagement, learning support, and research efficiency. Future Research: Conduct longitudinal studies to examine the long-term impacts of AI chatbot usage in academia. Track usage behaviors over time as familiarity develops. Investigate differences across academic disciplines and roles. Requirements may vary for humanities versus STEM faculty or undergraduate versus graduate students. Assess user trust in AI and how it evolves with repeated usage, and examine trust-building strategies. Develop frameworks to assess pedagogical effectiveness and ethical risks of conversational agents in academic contexts.
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Preddie, Martha Ingrid. "Canadian Public Library Users are Unaware of Their Information Literacy Deficiencies as Related to Internet Use and Public Libraries are Challenged to Address These Needs." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 4, no. 4 (December 14, 2009): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8sp7f.
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A Review of:
Julien, Heidi and Cameron Hoffman. “Information Literacy Training in Canada’s Public Libraries.” Library Quarterly 78.1 (2008): 19-41.
Objective – To examine the role of Canada’s public libraries in information literacy skills training, and to ascertain the perspectives of public library Internet users with regard to their experiences of information literacy.
Design – Qualitative research using semi-structured interviews and observations.
Setting – Five public libraries in Canada.
Subjects – Twenty-eight public library staff members and twenty-five customers.
Methods – This study constituted the second phase of a detailed examination of information literacy (IL) training in Canadian public libraries. Five public libraries located throughout Canada were selected for participation. These comprised a large central branch of a public library located in a town with a population of approximately two million, a main branch of a public library in an urban city of about one million people, a public library in a town with a population of about 75,000, a library in a town of 900 people and a public library located in the community center of a Canadian First Nations reserve that housed a population of less than 100 persons. After notifying customers via signage posted in the vicinity of computers and Internet access areas, the researchers observed each patron as they accessed the Internet via library computers. Observations focused on the general physical environment of the Internet access stations, customer activities and use of the Internet, as well as the nature and degree of customer interactions with each other and with staff. Photographs were also taken and observations were recorded via field notes. The former were analyzed via qualitative content analysis while quantitative analysis was applied to the observations.
Additionally, each observed participant was interviewed immediately following Internet use. Interview questions focused on a range of issues including the reasons why customers used the Internet in public libraries, customers’ perceptions about their level of information literacy and their feelings with regard to being information literate, the nature of their exposure to IL training, the benefits they derived from such training, and their desire for further training. Public service librarians and other staff were also interviewed in a similar manner. These questions sought to ascertain staff views on the role of the public library with regard to IL training; perceptions of the need for and expected outcomes of such training; as well as the current situation pertinent to the provision of IL skills training in their respective libraries in terms of staff competencies, resource allocation, and the forms of training and evaluation. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data were interpreted via qualitative content analysis through the use of NVivo software.
Main Results – Men were more frequent users of public library computers than women, outnumbering them by a ratio ranging from 2:1 to 3.4:1. Customers appeared to be mostly under the age of 30 and of diverse ethnicities. The average income of interviewed customers was less than the Canadian average.
The site observations revealed that customers were seen using the Internet mainly for the purposes of communication (e.g., e-mail, instant messaging, online dating services). Such use was observed 78 times in four of the libraries. Entertainment accounted for 43 observations in all five sites and comprised activities such as online games, music videos, and movie listings. Twenty-eight observations involved business/financial uses (e.g., online shopping, exploration of investment sites, online banking). The use of search engines (25 observations), news information (23), foreign language and forum websites (21), and word processing were less frequently observed. Notably, there were only 20 observed library-specific uses (e.g., searching online catalogues, online database and library websites). Customers reported that they used the Internet mainly for general web searching and for e-mail.
It was also observed that in general the physical environment was not conducive to computer use due to uncomfortable or absent seating and a lack of privacy. Additionally, only two sites had areas specifically designated for IL instruction.
Of the 25 respondents, 19 reported at least five years experience with the Internet, 9 of whom cited experience of 10 years or more. Self-reported confidence with the Internet was high: 16 individuals claimed to be very confident, 7 somewhat confident, and only 2 lacking in confidence. There was a weak positive correlation between years of use and individuals’ reported levels of confidence.
Customers reported interest in improving computer literacy (e.g., keyboarding ability) and IL skills (ability to use more sources of information). Some expressed a desire “to improve certain personal attitudes” (30), such as patience when conducting Internet searches. When presented with the Association of College and Research Libraries’ definition of IL, 13 (52%) of those interviewed claimed to be information literate, 8 were ambivalent, and 4 admitted to being information illiterate. Those who professed to be information literate had no particular feeling about this state of being, however 10 interviewees admitted feeling positive about being able to use the Internet to retrieve information. Most of those interviewed (15) disagreed that a paucity of IL skills is a deterrent to “accessing online information efficiently and effectively” (30). Eleven reported development of information skills through self teaching, while 8 cited secondary schools or tertiary educational institutions. However, such training was more in terms of computer technology education than IL. Eleven of the participants expressed a desire for additional IL training, 5 of whom indicated a preference for the public library to supply such training. Customers identified face-to-face, rather than online, as the ideal training format. Four interviewees identified time as the main barrier to Internet use and online access.
As regards library staff, 22 (78.6%) of those interviewed posited IL training as an important role for public libraries. Many stated that customers had been asking for formal IL sessions with interest in training related to use of the catalogue, databases, and productivity software, as well as searching the web. Two roles were identified in the context of the public librarian as a provider of IL: “library staff as teachers/agents of empowerment and library staff as ‘public parents’” (32). The former was defined as supporting independent, lifelong learning through the provision of IL skills, and the latter encompassing assistance, guidance, problem solving, and filtering of unsuitable content.
Staff identified challenges to IL training as societal challenges (e.g., need for customers to be able to evaluate information provided by the media, the public library’s role in reducing the digital divide), institutional (e.g., marketing of IL programs, staff constraints, lack of budget for IL training), infrastructural (e.g., limited space, poor Internet access in library buildings) and pedagogical challenges, such as differing views pertinent to the philosophy of IL, as well as the low levels of IL training to which Canadian students at all levels had been previously exposed.
Despite these challenges library staff acknowledged positive outcomes resulting from IL training in terms of customers achieving a higher level of computer literacy, becoming more skillful at searching, and being able to use a variety of information sources. Affective benefits were also apparent such as increased independence and willingness to learn. Library staff also identified life expanding outcomes, such as the use of IL skills to procure employment.
In contrast to customer self-perception, library staff expressed that customers’ IL skills were low, and that this resulted in their avoidance of “higher-level online research” and the inability to “determine appropriate information sources” (36). Several librarians highlighted customers’ incapacity to perform simple activities such as opening an email account. Library staff also alluded to customer’s reluctance to ask them for help.
Libraries in the study offered a wide range of training. All provided informal, personalized training as needed. Formal IL sessions on searching the catalogue, online searching, and basic computer skills were conducted by the three bigger libraries. A mix of librarians and paraprofessional staff provided the training in these libraries. However, due to a lack of professional staff, the two smaller libraries offered periodic workshops facilitated by regional librarians.
All the libraries lacked a defined training budget. Nonetheless, the largest urban library was well-positioned to offer IL training as it had a training coordinator, a training of trainers program, as well as technologically-equipped training spaces. The other libraries in this study provided no training of trainers programs and varied in terms of the adequacy of spaces allocated for the purpose of training. The libraries also varied in terms of the importance placed on the evaluation of IL training. At the largest library evaluation forms were used to improve training initiatives, while at the small town library “evaluations were done anecdotally” (38).
Conclusion – While Internet access is available and utilized by a wide cross section of the population, IL skills are being developed informally and not through formal training offered by public libraries. Canadian public libraries need to work to improve information literacy skills by offering and promoting formal IL training programs.
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Shaik-Abdullah, Sarimah, Yoon Sook Jhee, and Mohd Syafiq Aiman Mat Noor. "Editorial." Malaysian Journal of Action Research 1, no. 1 (September 2, 2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.61388/mjar.v1i1.1.
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We are truly honoured to serve as editors for the inaugural issue of the Malaysian Journal of Action Research. Our journal not only aims to showcase the invaluable contributions of Malaysian action researchers but to also warmly welcomes international perspectives. By doing so, we aim to underscore the significant impact of action research on the broader engagement on teacher development and pedagogical innovation. This inaugural issue features a diverse range of contributions, from university academics as well as dedicated school practitioners, hailing not only from Malaysia but also from Ireland. These nine articles span various action research philosophies and methodologies, including keynotes, conversations, interviews, classroom-based action research, and reflective practice. Four articles are written in Bahasa Melayu, thus showcasing the rich tapestry of perspectives specific to the Malaysian context, and neighbouring countries. The first article is written by an invited author, David Coghlan, based on his keynote presentation at ICAR 2022. David describes in depth the evolution of his insider action research framework. He emphasises the importance of the theorising process during this journey, advocating the need for attention to both internal and external data. His central concept, ‘interiority’, refers to the conscious process of self-awareness in our learning journey. His personal experiences led him to challenge traditional views of action research that depict researchers as external agents, emphasising instead the role of insider researchers who lead change from within their organisations. David’s work is a refreshing take on scholarship that emphasises the transformative power of personal inquiry and offers valuable insights for academics and practitioners alike. His narrative serves as an invitation for others to embark on their journey of discovery in the world of research and scholarship. In the second article, we (Sarimah Shaik-Abdullah and Mohd Syafiq Aiman Mat Noor) engage in a dialogue with Jack Whitehead about Living Educational Theory (LET) research. Whitehead presents LET and underlines the role of educators as the instigators of their research. He introduces the concept of ‘living contradiction’ in LET, explaining how differences between one’s values and practices can initiate a process of reflection aimed at achieving consistency. This concept promotes growth and highlights the influence of LET. He also discusses the use of LET in specific cultural contexts, focusing on the Malaysian education system. He notes its potential to contribute to societal progress and manage power dynamics in research. The dialogue ends with a call to action from Jack, emphasising growth, inclusivity, and flourishing. Through this dialogue, we provide insight into LET research, emphasising its potential to shape education and extend its reach. In the third article, we (Mohd Syafiq Aiman Mat Noor and Yoon Sook Jhee) and Muhammad Zulfadhli Kamarudin, also drew inspiration from Kathryn Herr and Gary Anderson’s keynote presentation at ICAR 2022. Kathryn and Gary describe the dynamic nature of action research as a transformative methodology that stretches across a broad spectrum of disciplines and approaches, and covers various positions, from full insider to complete outsider. They also underscore the pivotal role of credibility, trustworthiness, and validity in action research, emphasising its robustness amidst widespread scepticism. They acknowledge the hurdles that action researchers encounter, such as its marginalisation within academic and organisational environments. Nevertheless, they passionately advocate for its undeniable value in tackling real-world dilemmas, amplifying marginalised voices, and propelling substantial change. Their discussion emerge as a compelling call to action. Despite the challenges, the capacity for action research to effectuate positive transformation amplifies its perpetual relevance. Kathryn and Gary’s inspiring words encourage academics, practitioners, and community members to harness the power of this dynamic approach, thereby fostering a more inclusive and equitable terrain of knowledge and practice. The fourth article, written by Mohd Syafiq Aiman Mat Noor and his co-authors, explore action research through the captivating lens of cooking ‘rendang’. Drawing on their personal and professional experiences in the Malaysian context, they highlight commonalities between rendang and action research, focusing on three shared tenets: contextuality, continuity and quality. In their comparison, they demonstrate how the cultural richness and unique preparation methods of rendang mirror the complexity, adaptability, and meticulousness inherent in action research methodologies. By shedding light on the importance of context, iterative learning, and a commitment to quality, they emphasise the need for researchers to view action research as a journey of continuous improvement and exploration. Mohd Syafiq Aiman and his co-authors also highlight the potential for action research to have impacts that extend beyond the immediate participants and influence larger communities and sectors. Thus, the preparation of rendang serves as a potent metaphor for understanding the intricate world of action research. Selvamalar Selvarajan provides a profound exploration of the challenges involved in English language instruction in the fifth article. She presents three vignettes from the Malaysian polytechnic education context, vividly depicting dilemmas related to student proficiency, motivation for English learning, and the dynamics of online student engagement. The narrative highlights the need for a balance between creating a ‘fun’ learning environment and achieving academic objectives. She emphasises the importance of adaptability, encouraging educators to consider innovative teaching methods to better engage students. Despite the challenges posed by the online learning environment, the narrative highlights the transformative potential of these dilemmas. Selvamalar advocates for continuous reflection and adaptation in teaching methodologies to cater for evolving learning needs and contexts. The narrative serves as a testament to the dynamic, ever-evolving nature of teaching. As mentioned earlier, this issue includes contributions from authors who have submitted their articles in Bahasa Melayu. Among the four contributions written in Bahasa Melayu is the sixth article by Julianah Ahmad and Mohd Syafiq Aiman Mat Noor explore the challenges deaf pupils face and suggest instructional strategies to facilitate their learning using a classroom-based action research methodology. They introduce the concept of ‘funds of identity’, which incorporates pupils’ lived experiences into learning. This approach aims to create meaningful learning materials, thus improving deaf pupils’ reading skills. The authors emphasise empathy in teaching and advocate for materials reflective of pupils’ abilities and interests. They highlight the effectiveness of face-to-face and group learning settings over individual and virtual settings for deaf pupils. Julianah and Mohd Syafiq Aiman Mat Noor suggest further exploration of a wider range of identity funds to improve educational materials for deaf pupils. The article provides insights into the unique needs of deaf pupils and presents strategies for a more effective learning environment. In the seventh article, Nor Naimmah Othman and her co-authors explore the ‘sight word’ approach in special education, focusing on pupils with Down Syndrome. The study is rooted in a classroom-based action research methodology, emphasising the need for individualised teaching strategies. The authors present the unique challenges that pupils with Down Syndrome face and discuss how the sight word approach can aid them. Through the presentation of three vignettes, they illustrate the process by which the sight word approach can support students with Down Syndrome in developing their reading skills. Naimmah and her co-authors stress the importance of patience, creativity, and understanding pupils’ needs. The research contributes to special education practices and discusses the role of action research in education. Through their approach, they demonstrate the need to refine teaching methods to cater to the diverse needs of pupils. The improvements observed in the pupils’ learning experiences validate their approach. The eight article in this issue, penned by Daniel Lu Yew Ching and his co-author, explores the integration of mobile learning (M-Learning) into a communication skills course during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their study highlights the role of M-Learning in maintaining educational continuity among a peer-mentoring group (guidance and counselling). They present a classroom-based action research study in a secondary school context in Sarawak, Malaysia, detailing the use of a WhatsApp group, Google Forms, and TikTok as part of the course. The action research process was adapted in their study, so that it consisted of three main phases: reflection, action, and assessment. Daniel and his co-author argue that the flexible nature of M-Learning enhances the educational experience and promotes communication skills and peer mentorship. This study emphasises the potential of M-Learning as an engaging platform for education, particularly in challenging times, and invites educators to explore innovative digital strategies. Zainoriza Zainun shares her personal journey as a Special Education Teacher in Perak, Malaysia during the period of Home-based Teaching and Learning (PdPR) in the final article of this issue. Throughout this experience, she encountered various dilemmas, particularly when it came to parents’ involvement as facilitators and intermediaries in assessing their children's skill tasks. It became evident to her that effective and consistent communication, as well as nurturing relationships among pupils, parents, and teachers, play a pivotal role in implementing meaningful PdPR. Furthermore, the creation of a comprehensive PdPR manual for parents is indispensable, emphasising the importance of consulting them regarding their roles and responsibilities in supporting their children’s assignments at home. This valuable experience serves as a profound lesson for teachers who will be implementing PdPR and assigning homework to their pupils in the future. This issue presents a wide array of articles that explore various facets of action research, teaching, and learning. From innovative frameworks, philosophies and methodologies in action research to tackling challenges in language instruction, special education, and guidance and counselling, each article offers valuable insights and practical strategies applicable to educators, researchers and practitioners. The inclusion of contributions in Bahasa Melayu further enriches the discourse, underscoring the importance of cultural context in educational practices within Malaysia. These articles serve as a reminder of education’s transformative potential, emphasising the need for personalised approaches and ongoing reflection and adaptation. Overall, this issue stands as a testament to the continuous pursuit of knowledge and improvement in education, with the hope of contributing to the advancement of action research scholarship in Malaysia and beyond.
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Armando, Marjorie, Magalie Ochs, and Isabelle Régner. "The Impact of Pedagogical Agents' Gender on Academic Learning: A Systematic Review." Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 5 (June 20, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frai.2022.862997.
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Virtual learning environments often use virtual characters to facilitate and improve the learning process. These characters, known as pedagogical agents, can take on different roles, such as tutors or companions. Research has highlighted the importance of various characteristics of virtual agents, including their voice or non-verbal behaviors. Little attention has been paid to the gender-specific design of pedagogical agents, although gender has an important influence on the educational process. In this article, we perform an extensive review of the literature regarding the impact of the gender of pedagogical agents on academic outcomes. Based on a detailed review of 59 articles, we analyze the influence of pedagogical agents' gender on students' academic self-evaluations and achievements to answer the following questions: (1) Do students perceive virtual agents differently depending on their own gender and the gender of the agent? (2) Does the gender of pedagogical agents influence students' academic performance and self-evaluations? (3) Are there tasks or academic situations to which a male virtual agent is better suited than a female virtual agent, and vice versa, according to empirical evidence? (4) How do a virtual agent's pedagogical roles impact these results? (5) How do a virtual agent's appearance and interactive capacities impact these results? (6) Are androgynous virtual agents a potential solution to combatting gender stereotypes? This review provides important insight to researchers on how to approach gender when designing pedagogical agents in virtual learning environments.
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Nye, Benjamin Daniel, Aaron Shiel, Ibrahim Burak Olmez, Anirudh Mittal, Jason Latta, Daniel Auerbach, and Yasemin Copur-Gencturk. "Virtual Agents for Real Teachers: Applying AI to Support Professional Development of Proportional Reasoning." International FLAIRS Conference Proceedings 34, no. 1 (April 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/flairs.v34i1.128574.
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Despite the critical role of teachers in the educational process, few advanced learning technologies have been developed to support teacher-instruction or professional development. This lack of support is particularly acute for middle school math teachers, where only 37% felt well prepared to scaffold instruction to address the needs of diverse students in a national sample. To address this gap, the Advancing Middle School Teachers’ Understanding of Proportional Reasoning project is researching techniques to apply pedagogical virtual agents and dialog-based tutoring to enhance teachers' content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. This paper describes the design of a conversational, agent-based intelligent tutoring system to support teachers' professional development. Pedagogical strategies are presented that leverage a virtual human facilitator to tutor pedagogical content knowledge (how to teach proportions to students), as opposed to content knowledge (understanding proportions). The roles for different virtual facilitator capabilities are presented, including embedding actions into virtual agent dialog, open-response versus choice-based tutoring, ungraded pop-up sub-activities (e.g. whiteboard, calculator, note-taking). Usability feedback for a small cohort of instructors pursuing graduate studies was collected. In this feedback, teachers rated the system ease of use and perceived usefulness moderately well, but also reported confusion about what to expect from the system in terms of flow between lessons and support by the facilitator.
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Munasinghe, Bhagya, Tim Bell, and Anthony Robins. "Computational Thinking and Notional Machines: The Missing Link." ACM Transactions on Computing Education, October 18, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3627829.
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In learning to program and understanding how a programming language controls a computer, learners develop both insights and misconceptions whilst their mental models are gradually refined. It is important that the learner is able to distinguish the different elements and roles of a computer (e.g. compiler, interpreter, memory, etc.), which novice programmers may find difficult to comprehend. Forming accurate mental models is one of the potential sources of difficulty inextricably linked to mastering computing concepts and processes, and for learning computer programming. It is common to use some form of representation (e.g. an abstract machine or a computational agent) to support technical or pedagogic explanations. The Notional Machine (NM) is a pedagogical device that entails one or more computational concepts, originally described as an idealised computer operating with the constructs of a particular programming language. It can be used to support specific or general learning goals and will typically have some concrete representation that can be referred to. Computational Thinking (CT), which is defined as a way of thinking that is used for [computational] problem solving, is often presented as using a Computational Agent (CA) to carry out information processing presented by a solution. In CT, where the typical goal is to produce an algorithm or a computer program, the CA seemingly serves a purpose very similar to an NM. Although it changes through the different stages of development (of the learner and of the curriculum), the roles of CAs and NMs can be seen as versatile tools that connect a learner’s mental model with the conceptual model of a program. In this article we look at this relationship between CAs and NMs, and indicate how they would look at different stages of learning. We traverse the range of definitions and usages of these concepts, and articulate models that clarify how these are viewed in the literature. This includes exploring the nature of machines and agents, and how historical views of these relate to modern pedagogy for computation. We argue that the CA can be seen as an abstract, simplified variant of an NM that provides a useful perspective to the learner to support them to form robust mental models of NMs more efficiently and effectively. We propose that teaching programming should make use of the idea of a CA at different stages of learning, as a link that connects a learner’s mental model to a full NM.
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Vaag, Jonas R., Gunhild B. Sætren, Thomas H. Halvorsen, and Stine D. Sørgård. "A Psychological Investigation of Selection Criteria for Learning Agents (Super Users) and Allocation of Responsibilities in the Implementation of Technological Change." Frontiers in Psychology 13 (June 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.928217.
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PurposeIn the introduction of new technologies into organizations, there has been an increasing trend to recruit and make use of the so-called “super users” to help ensure the future use of the technology in question. Little is known about the criteria that should ideally be considered in the selection of these super users, or about the best way to carve up the roles and responsibilities in this process between super users and middle management. In this study, we investigated (1) which criteria should be emphasized in the selection of super users, and (2) how middle management and super users understand and negotiate the responsibilities of their respective roles during implementation of technological change.MethodsWe conducted 10 individual semi-structured interviews and used thematic analysis of this data set to identify selection criteria, roles, and responsibilities.ResultsWe found that the main selection criteria for super users should be: (1) availability and local knowledge, (2) technological skills, (3) pedagogical skills, and (4) proactiveness. The main roles and responsibilities that should be carved up between management and super users can be grouped into two overarching categories, each with several subcategories. Within the Learning culture category, the responsibilities are to (1) facilitate collective learning, (2) engage with criticism, and (3) promote collective sharing; and within the Individual learning category, to (4) facilitate individual learning, (5) provide instrumental support, and (6) provide emotional support.Discussion and ConclusionBased on the findings, we propose a conceptual model of technological implementation and the construction of a culture of organizational learning, entitled ECo-System Of Learning in Organizations (ECSO-Learn); we additionally show how a learning agent (previously known as a super user) can be recruited to best fit into this model of long-term organizational learning.
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Mahmood, A. Kamil, and Elaine Ferneley. "The use of animated agents in e-learning environments: an exploratory, interpretive case study." Research in Learning Technology 12, no. 3 (June 1, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v14i2.10953.
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There is increasing interest in the use of animated agents in e-learning environments. However, empirical investigations of their use in online education are limited. Our aim is to provide an empirically based framework for the development and evaluation of animated agents in e-learning environments. Findings suggest a number of challenges, including the multiple dialogue models that animated agents will need to accommodate, the diverse range of roles that pedagogical animated agents can usefully support, the dichotomous relationship that emerges between these roles and that of the lecturer, and student perception of the degree of autonomy that can be afforded to animated agents.DOI: 10.1080/09687760600668552
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Ali, Takbir. "Understanding the Evolving Roles of Improvement-Oriented High School Teachers in Gilgit-Baltistan." Qualitative Report, December 8, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2011.1320.
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In this paper the author presents a framework for understanding how improvement-oriented high school teachers' accounts of change experiences portray their evolving roles as change agents in school reform. The data on which this paper is based come from a one-year long in-depth study (doctoral thesis research project) in which the author set out to investigate how improvement-oriented teachers pursue important changes in the realm of classroom, school and community; how the teachers-initiated changes can be characterized; and how the teachers' roles evolve with their change practices. The researcher employed qualitative case study methodology, using in-depth interviews, classroom observations, post-observation discussion, and document analysis, as the main sources of data. The teachers whose change practices and values are depicted in this report recognize their roles in pedagogical, institutional and social change, and wherever possible, they try to engage in efforts to bring these changes about. Through the study the author recognizes an inherent link between teachers' endeavors aimed at bringing about fundamental change in the classroom and their efforts towards promoting institutional change in the schools and social change in the community.
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Karaseva, Agnese, Andra Siibak, and Pille Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt. "Relationships between teachers` pedagogical beliefs, subject cultures, and mediation practices of students' use of digital technology." Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cp2015-1-6.
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Drawing on the data from 26 interviews with different subject teachers in two countries, Estonia and Latvia, this study aimed to reveal how pedagogical beliefs and subject cultures shape the ways primary and secondary school teachers mediate students` use of digital technology. Teachers are acknowledged to be important socializing agents, affecting young people`s experiences with digital technology, but it is still unclear how the mediation practices of teachers are related to such intrinsic factors as teachers` beliefs about the nature of learning, nature of technology, self-efficacy beliefs, and subject cultures. Our study indicates that teachers mainly act as guides or coaches to help students make sense of the various opportunities that digital technology provide. Teachers also use a variety of restrictions related to technology use according to their dominant pedagogical beliefs and subject domains. These two roles are not mutually exclusive, combining according to what teachers believe will best support learning. A small group of teachers in our sample also strive to broaden students` understanding and adopt new skills for using technology in innovative ways. Implications for teacher training and peer-to-peer learning are discussed based on our findings.
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Wall, Glenda. "Being a good digital parent: representations of parents, youth and the parent–youth relationship in expert advice." Families, Relationships and Societies, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204674321x16146846761768.
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Social concern about online behaviour and safety of children and youth has increased dramatically in the last decade and has resulted in an abundance of parenting advice on ways to manage and protect children online. The cultural context in which this is happening is one characterised by intensive parenting norms, heightened risk awareness, and growing concerns about the effects of ‘over-parenting’, especially in the teenage years. Using contemporary advice to parents on managing adolescents’ digital experiences, this study investigates the ways that parenting, youth and the youth–parent relationship are depicted. Parental roles, in this material, are portrayed as instrumental and pedagogical while youth are assumed to lack agency and judgement. Intensive parenting expectations are extended as parents face advice to be both highly vigilant agents of surveillance and trusted confidantes of their children, with an overall goal of shaping children’s subjectivity in ways that allow them to become self-governing.
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Altena, Sharon, Rebecca Ng, Meredith Hinze, Simone Poulsen, and Dominique Parrish. "“Many hats one heart”: A scoping review on the professional identity of learning designers." ASCILITE Publications, September 8, 2022, 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/apubs.2019.284.
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Learning Designers are increasingly employed in universities to support institutional digital and pedagogical transformation agendas, which are posited to better meet the diverse and changing needs of a heterogeneous student body. Despite broad commitment to investing in these roles, surprisingly little is known about what learning designers in higher education actually do in practice. This paper reports on the preliminary findings of a scoping review that thematically analysed pertinent literature, to explore what is currently espoused about the professional identity of learning designers in higher education. The review identified 40 indicators of the knowledge, skills and attributes required of learning designers in the higher education sector. This research provides valuable insights for both individuals and institutions. The findings provide universities with an evidence-informed perspective of the learning designer, including an account of the unique capabilities of learning designers as transformative change agents to student learning. For individual learning designers the findings provide a comprehensive list of indicators to benchmark role responsibilities against, and a framework through which professional identity can be comprehended.
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Carvalho, Marisa, Rosário Serrão, Heleza Azevedo, Joana Cruz, Diana Alves, Cristina Martins, Elisabete Marques, et al. "School psychologists’ training to support inclusive education in Portugal: Trainers’ perspectives of opportunities, challenges, and improvements." School Psychology International, March 14, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01430343241236487.
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School psychologists can support schools in implementing inclusive practices. In Portugal, the Decree-Law 54/2018 has set the country on the path to inclusive education based on whole-school approaches. This policy shift demands a change in school psychologists’ practices to be agents for systems change versus traditional roles (such as assessing and counseling students). An e-learning training course was developed and implemented by nine psychologists through a partnership between the Ministry of Education and the Portuguese Psychology Association, focused on the Multi-tiered Systems of Support framework for constructing inclusive schools. The main aim was to empower school psychologists to support adequate, inclusive, and multi-tiered intervention responses in their schools, resourcing a collaborative and supervised approach. From all Portuguese regions, 327 psychologists participated in the training from October 2020 to April 2021. This article focuses on the trainers’ experiences of training, collected through a focus group, reflecting on the challenges, opportunities, and necessary improvements for future training in school psychologists in Portugal on this topic. Trainers have identified organizational and pedagogical aspects as critical to the training delivery and quality that should be addressed in future training courses for school psychologists.
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Sakhiyya, Zulfa, Helena I. R. Agustien, and Hendi Pratama. "The reconceptualisation of knowledge base in the pre-service teacher education curriculum: Towards ELF pedagogy." Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 8, no. 1 (May 31, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v8i1.11464.
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This article examines “what will be taught” or the knowledge base demonstrated in the English language teacher education curricula by using the framework of English as a Lingua Franca. The need for enhancing the professionalism of English teachers in the ascendancy of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) in Indonesia demonstrates a critical point where pre-service teacher education holds strategic roles. This epistemological turn needs to ensure that the teachers are devised with knowledge base as well as contextual approach suited to each particular educational environment. Fifteen Indonesian pre-service teacher education programmes were randomly selected and meta-analysed to aggregate the extent of reconceptualisation of the knowledge base provision by focusing on the curricula’s emphasis (linguistics and/or language proficiency) and the integration of socio-cultural perspective. Although these curricula cannot wholly represent cultural responsiveness and pedagogical practices, they could serve as sites concerning the values and knowledge held as important in the institution. We argue that there is a need to place a greater emphasis on the language proficiency that matches the ELF paradigm, as well as to reconceptualise the knowledge base to respond to the diverse Indonesian socio-cultural realities encountered by the recontextualising agents, the teachers. The reconceptualisation of knowledge base would foster greater awareness of sociocultural relativity and learning expectations of teaching ELF situated in the Indonesian educational context.
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König, Ariane, Jerome Ravetz, Bo Raber, Jacek Stankiewicz, Ricardo Rojas-Aedo, Kristina Hondrila, and Karl Pickar. "Taking the Complex Dynamics of Human–Environment–Technology Systems Seriously: A Case Study in Doctoral Education at the University of Luxembourg." Frontiers in Sustainability 2 (September 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2021.673033.
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Our existential sustainability challenges involve human–environment–technology systems that are complex, dynamic and tightly coupled. But at Universities, knowledge, in teaching and research, is mostly organized into discrete parcels, the disciplines. These are further divided into the categories of natural sciences, social science and the humanities. This paper addresses the question of how in their training of researchers, universities can equip them to better understand their roles and also to act as change agents. It describes a doctoral school course in transferable skills that is offered across faculties. The unique aim of the course is to provide a space for reflection on different research paradigms and the way they differ in their framing the role of a scientific researcher in pluralist societies that face existential challenges. The pedagogical framework and approach of the course encourages questioning one's own ontological and epistemological assumptions about the constitution of our world and how we might better understand it in dialogues with participants who come from diverse disciplinary backgrounds. The course includes discussions of: what is a discipline, and how disciplines differ in their understandings of the world and of the role of science within it; how tools and representations can shape or breach disciplinary paradigms; how instrumental science and interdisciplinarity can raise the dilemma of rigor or relevance; how complexity, contradictions and values are embraced in responsible research design, and last but not least we discuss the relation of science, progress and open futures. The course introduces diverse more recent approaches to scientific inquiry that harness the potential of democratizing science in our networked knowledge society, including critical interdisciplinarity, post-normal science, citizen science and transformative sustainability science, that complement normal disciplinary research practices.
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Harima, Aki, Agnieszka Kroczak, and Martina Repnik. "Role ambiguity in entrepreneurship education: expectation gaps between educators and students in venture creation courses." Education + Training ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (August 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-07-2020-0204.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThis study aims to explore expectation gaps concerning the roles between educators and students in the context of venture creation courses at higher education institutions by investigating their mutual perspectives. The authors seek to answer the following research questions: (1) how is the role expectation toward the entrepreneurship education of teachers different from that of students and (2) what are the consequences of these expectation gaps in entrepreneurship education?Design/methodology/approachThis study applies an explorative qualitative approach. As the research setting, the authors selected an entrepreneurship education course for advanced management students at a German public university. The authors conducted in-depth interviews with both educators and students to examine how role ambiguity emerges in venture creation courses.FindingsThis study identified discrepancies between educators and students in their fundamental assumptions regarding the role of educators and students. Such discrepancies are the autonomy-level assumption gap, capacity assumption gap and learning outcomes expectation gap. Based on the findings, this study develops a framework of expectation gaps between educators and students as sources for role ambiguity in entrepreneurship education by extending the role episode model developed in role theory.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings contribute to the extant literature on entrepreneurship education in several ways. First, this study reveals that students in venture creation programs can encounter role ambiguity due to differing expectations about their role between educators and students, which can negatively affect the students' perception of their learning outcome. Second, this study discovered that the possible discrepancies regarding the fundamental assumptions about the role of educators and students pose a challenge to educators. Third, the findings illuminate the importance of understanding the complex identity of students in the context of student-centered entrepreneurship education.Practical implicationsThis study offers several practical implications for entrepreneurship educators in higher education institutions. First, this study reveals the confusion among students concerning their role in entrepreneurship education. As such, it is recommended that educators explain to students the purpose of the student-centered pedagogical approach and the expected role of students in acting as independent entrepreneurial agents. Second, while student-centered entrepreneurship education is based on the fundamental assumption that students are motivated to develop their own startup projects, educators must consider the nature of students' motivation and their overall student-life situation. Finally, this study demonstrates the importance of creating an active feedback loop so that entrepreneurship teachers can be aware of such perceptional gaps between educators and students and understand the sources of these gaps.Originality/valueWhile the extant literature indicates the existence of perceptual gaps between educators and students in the context of entrepreneurship education, how these gaps emerge and influence the outcome of entrepreneurship education remained unclear. One critical reason for the under-investigation of this issue was that existing studies predominantly emphasize the educators' perspectives, although such expectation gaps can only emerge through the discrepant views of two different parties. This study tackled this research gap by considering the mutual perspective of educators and students by applying role theory.