Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pêche à la lumière'
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Cariño, Micheline. "Les mines marines du golfe de Californie : histoire de la région de La Paz à la lumière des perles." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0096.
Full textSince the arrival of the spaniards in 1533, and most of all during the 19th and the 20th centuries, the gulf of california was one of the most famous pearling regions of the world because the beauty of its pearls and the excellent quality of its nacre. In the history of the lower california, and especially in the historical region of la paz, the pearls oysters exploitation has been one of the principal sources of well being. We have distinguished five periods between 1500 and 1940 considering the influence that the pearling activities have had in the regional history. Between 1533 and 1696, pearl fishing has been the principal motivation of exploration and demarcation of the lower california coasts. At the middle of the 18th century this activity have financed the mining exploitation and the settlement of the civilian population. From 1830 to 1873 the pearling exploitation has been done in a middle scale and its principal results was the augmentation of la paz population and the intensification of local trade and employment. From 1874 the scaphander introduction has intensify the pearl oyster fishing. The big scale pearl oysters exploitation had consequences in the regional economy, society, politic and ecology. Local capital accumulation was also an important consequence. In 1903, the pearl oyster massive culture has been innovated and it allowed the intense exploitation of the natural resource until 1914. In the last period of fishing and trade of nacre and pearls (1915-1940) pearl fishing was allowed to everybody and the resource had an irrational exploitation. The end of pearl oyster activities has brought an important economic and social regional recession
Samba, Alassane, and Francis Laloë. "La pêche artisanale au Sénégal : ressource et stratégie de pêche." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112153.
Full textIn Senegal, waters of the continental shelf are very productive, due to a seasonal upwelling responsible of fish stocks migrations. The progressive setting up of a stratified sampling system (with subsampling in each stratum) for collecting a great number of parameters takes into account the main artisanal fishery characteristics. Data processing gives up results on fishing effort, catch per unit of effort and total landings. Methodological tests are periodically conducted to improve sampling design. The main source of bias is discussed. This enhances the fact that increasing the strata number would lead to a variability of their size, due to the capacity of fishing units to alter their tactics according to circumstances. We deeply study fishing outings and results in Saint-Louis and Kayar by using statistical analysis and considering 3 periods between 1975 and 1987. We notice an important interannual variability in fishing effort characteristics and levels, and in catch per outing. We also show seasonal and annual variations in resource availability and landings related to upwelling dynamics. We then study population dynamics models through their ability to account for the main changes that have been noticed. We pay particular attention to the potential impact of a restricted access to the resource and to the models applying to the dynamics of the fishing fleet. We then suggest a simulation showing the evolution of a fishery similar to the artisanal fishery in Senegal, the fishing units of which have a strategy with a range of available tactics and a selection rule. We then study a fishery that would differ by its lesser adaptability. This finally allows us to deal with the analysis of artisanal fisheries planning problems
Laloë, Francis, and Alassane Samba. "La pêche artisanale au Sénégal : ressource et stratégie de pêche." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112154.
Full textIn Senegal, waters of the continental shelf are very productive, due to a seasonal upwelling responsible of fish stocks migrations. The progressive setting up of a stratified sampling system (with subsampling in each stratum) for collecting a great number of parameters takes into account the main artisanal fishery characteristics. Data processing gives up results on fishing effort, catch per unit of effort and total landings. Methodological tests are periodically conducted to improve sampling design. The main source of bias is discussed. This enhances the fact that increasing the strata number would lead to a variability of their size, due to the capacity of fishing units to alter their tactics according to circumstances. We deeply study fishing outings and results in Saint-Louis and Kayar by using statistical analysis and considering 3 periods between 1975 and 1987. We notice an important interanual variability in fishing effort characteristics and levels, and in catch per outing. We also show seasonal and annual variations in resource availability and landings related to upwelling dynamics. We then study population dynamics models through their ability to account for the main changes that have been noticed. We pay particular attention to the potential impact of a restricted access to the resource and to the models applying to the dynamics of the fishing fleet. We then suggest a simulation showing the evolution of a fishery similar to the artisanal fishery in Senegal, the fishing units of which have a strategy with a range of available tactics and a selection rule. We then study a fishery that would differ by its lesser adaptability. This finally allows us to deal with that analysis of artisanal fisheries planning problems
LE, ROUX Sylvain. "Pêche et territoires au Sénégal." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010547.
Full textLe, Roux Sylvain. "Pêche et territoires au Sénégal." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3004.
Full textThe strong socialization of the Senegalese coast can be explained, among others, by the dynamism of dugout-fishing which has evolved from a traditional activity to an artisanal fishing in less than about fifty years. The territorial approach applied to three levels of spatial scale (fishing territories, halieutic poles and coastal territories) offers a better understanding of the relationship between the halieutic societies and the coastal zone. Based on a participative field approach, this work contributes to the thought on the integrated coastal zone management and the identity of the halieutic societies. It brings to the fore the discrepancy between the endogenous dynamics and the exogenous factors and so it raises the issue of the North-South relationship and proves the need for renewing the scientific and political approaches in the field of development
Huot, Michel. "Les "mordus de la pêche"; l'univers des amateurs de pêche à la ligne du Québec." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/294936.
Full textFolly, Ameganvi Marc. "La pêche dans la Bas-Togo." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040007.
Full textBelsunce, Jacques de. "Lumière et personne : essai d'une philosophie de la lumière." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010502.
Full textAnoh, Kouassi Paul. "Pêche, aquaculture et développement en Côte d'Ivoire." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3001.
Full textPichon, Jacques. "Les zones de pêche des chalutiers bigoudens." Brest, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BRES1001.
Full textThe Bigouden region of Britany has about three hundred and twenty trawlers of which one hundred anf fifty deep-sea trawlers whose fishing areas range from off the west coast of eire down to the south of the bay of biscay. The other one hundred and seventy trawlers are bounding their fisheries to the north of the bay of Biscay. The choice of fishing grounds is determined by the nature of the sea-bed, the desired species of fish, the technical and human means available and the expected results. This choice is the first step in developping a fishing strategy. The location and mapping of the fishing area of each trawler allow different strategies to be described and compared
Hallé, France. "L'enfant de lumière." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1990. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5524/1/000583075.pdf.
Full textDudragne, Julie. "Desseins polymorphes, une approche poétique de la lumière : dessiner la lumière." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010565.
Full textThe narrative outline of a practice is sometimes sketched by the presence of a simple letter, like a humble dot can reveal the existence of a line.The "e" appears again in the drawing, adorns it with a multiplicity of meanings, giving it the weight never acquired of an autonomous sketch. (There is distinction in French language between the words "dessein" and "dessin" which one I play). At a time of heightened technical reproducibility and through a phenomenon - drawing the Light - the ambition and its tradition question themselves.The Drawing, on a sinuous path, crosses some excessive borders/frontiers, announcing his "transversality". The movement immanent to the material used and the hybridization as an intrinsic concept of the actual creative process, always at the service of the graphic element, will push the Drawing in many directions within and across disciplines - inviting origins, ideas, technical concepts and processes - but also physical. The light produced by the graphic experience, movements between visible and invisible, can be found not only in the sign but also in the photographic index and questions our perception.The research forn brightness and contrast in shades, often with black and white tons, gives an infinite range of potential variations to the creative/esthetic space/arena. This exhaustive potential is threatened by the ultimate act of creativity : the choice, shaping the spatial dispositions of light into multiple graphic compositions.Despite certain technical processes and their evolution, play, phantasy and light phenomenon' poetics protecting the Drawing' secret : an intimate characteristic in which onirism, as a wayto resist, appears. Working with light today - in a secret of a blind act, blinded, blinding - questions the Authenticity as a concept, creating an uneasy relationship to the aura, always between appearance and disappearance facing its previously announced loss
Thomas, Olivier. "De la pêche-chasse à la pêche-élevage : approches anthropologiques du changement technico-culturel dans le golfe de Gascogne-Biscaye." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR21019.
Full textTitle of the thesis : from fishing-hunting to fishing-breeding : anthropological approaches to technical and cultural change in the gulf of Gascoigne Biscay. This study does not analyze the growth of aquaculture but rather aims to grasp the basis of technical and cultural changes in coastal fishing. In parallel with the phenomenon of internal change, the emergence of a scientific community studying fishing is also observed. Paradoxically, the maritime community, which sees itself as an active counter-power, has gained in strength in this complex context
Moudilou, Herménégilde. "Les potentialités de la pêche artisanale au Congo." Toulouse 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU10018.
Full textThere exist branches, sectors, or activities where traditional artisanal techniques can be "under-developing", this cannot be generalized to include the whole of the economy. Though a certain number of technical improvements, traditional artiesan can become efficient, from both an economic and financial point of view. This is especially true for fisching in the Congo (as well as for all the results of the west African coast). Improved artisan fishing surpasses those of traditional artisan fishing, and moreover, on the seeds where such improved artisan techniques are used, they obtain better results than industrial fishing techniques. Through adjustments at the level of artisanal transformation techniques and commercialisation, the development of a network of fish products can be based on this traditional artisan industry. With regards to this, a metaphore could be created with certain results from the study of complex forms, industrial fishing techniques would have a ro-nucleation threshold superior to the fish product network's ray, when the traditional artisan fishing information is not an organizational force
Guchan, Anne. "Le droit de la pêche en eau douce." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR1D009.
Full textFishing law in france has been modified by the law of june 29th 1984. The previous rules formed the subject of numerous criticals : maladjustement to the fishes biology, multiplicity of derogations and initial text has no more general statement the administrative management is complicated because it's dispersed between several authorities ; lack of interest from riverside residents and fishers in front of patrimony protection, hegemony from fishing associations. Fluvial fishing law tries to remedy theses problems and endeavours to elaborates not only fishing regulation but also aquatic environnemental protection
Oukhadou, Ali Ait. "Pêche, industrie et vie ouvrière à Agadir (Maroc)." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT5010.
Full textBased on a little portuguese trading post of the 16th century- founty- built during the first years of the frensh protectorate, agadir is to-day a town knowing a developpement economic growth. Its harbour can claim to be the most important fishing-harbour in morocco. The south coast of morocco is famous for having plenty of fish, industrial fishing being the main activity, but the increase of fishing being contemplated, it should promof more distant fishing. The traditional very active industrial kind of fishing has very early involved plants for the conservation of fish. Thirty years after it has been destroyed- an earthquake- agadir has multiplied its activities: tourisme, industries, fishing, agriculture. Its urban landscape reveals an extraordinary diversity, wich leads the population from rural origin to settle on the outskvits of the town, where people can live as they have always donne and keeps in touch with their tradiitonal background
Mavoungou, Valentin. "Le contentieux de la pêche en droit communautaire." Orléans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ORLE0009.
Full textThe fishing policy is one of the new policies drawn up by the community authorities with a view to reaching an essential objective of the treaty of rome, viz, to organize and develop all the economic sectors of the member-states of the e. E. C. Undeniably there lies behind this new policy a whole new set of problems which are particularly difficult to resolve coherently within the community, due to biological factors, difficulties arising from conflicting national interests and various international concerns. The basic community regulations, 2141 70 and 2142 70, of 20th october 1970, and even more so those of 3rd november 1976 recommended following the extension of com munity waters to 200 miles, have not been sufficient to change the customary behaviour of the member-states with regard to the fisheries. The degree of importance which member-states, being essentially coastal states attach to their national regulations regarding conservation and access to halieutic stocks makes the community "norm" difficult. This obviously creates a conflict of rules on the one hand, and divides the jurisdiction between the member-states and the community, on the other hand. The problem of the validity of conventional agreements made by member-states with third parties, with waters coming under the jurisdiction of such agreements be coming community waters, also poses itself, as does that of the integration and adaptation of the common fishing policy to international maritime law. It is within this legal maze that the problem of fishing disputes is raised in e. E. C law; a problem which the european community court of justice is striving to resolve, with the competence attributed to it by e. E. C treaty
Corlay, Jean-Pierre. "La pêche au Danemark : essai de géographie halieutique." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES1001.
Full textThe force of Danish fishery (1,8 mt, the 3rd world fish products exporter) results from the setting up, during the 50s of a development strategy which aims at meeting the strong worldly demand for marine proteins. The production contrasts two channels : fishing for reduction, mainly catching sand-eel, norway pout and sprat from the north sea, and fishing for human consumption, where cod, plaice, norway lobster and herring are the predominant species. The success of Danish fishery relies on the nearby and abundant biological resources, a powerful halio-industrial complex, the valorization of the fish products, the efficiency of the professional organizations, an incentive aid from the state and synergy between public and private partners. The take-off during the 50s and the 60s has overbalanced the centre of gravity of the halieutic space from east to west, and has been a factor for the expansion of the peripheral areas in jutland. In the face of the difficulties caused by the establisment of the new international halieutic order (EEZ, common European fishery policy), new strategies are beeing tested
Boushaba, Abdelmadjid. "La pêche maritime dans les pays du Maghreb." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR30011.
Full textMaritime fishing is an ancient activity which has experienced a prodigious expansion due to technical progress. However, the three Maghreb countries striving to develop sea fishing do not attach to it the same importance. The ticklish question of maritime law and the establishment of boundaries have been previously disputed; these encounters have somewhat governed its evolution. The classical notions of territorial sea (zone of the national souverainity) and of open sea (free zone) quickly become obsolete. In particular, freedom in open sea allonwing an anarchical and abusive exploitation of the biological resources, is calling into the question "de facto", from the increas in the coast countries and unilateral extensions of sovereignty which appear like an unorganized "sanction" against the situation; however their validity in international law is contestable, the 1982 Convention will sacrifficed the notion of an exclusive economic zone (e. E. Z. ) in which the borderer has an extended sphere regarding biological resources. Use of these resources is regulated by internal and international law provisions. The 1982 Convention laid down the general principles and attenmpted to institute a rational and equitable policy. The Maghreb countries are triying to protect these resources and promot the undher the national development interests. They adhere to the 1976 Convention of Barcelona relative to the war against pollution of the mediterranean sea, and are taking mesures to encourage the practice of fishing. International organization such as the f. A. O. And its committees are organizing a communal arrangment of these resources. On a limited level, the joint ventures society offer views to the Maghreb countries and are a privileged instrument in bilateral cooperation. On a governmental level, specific structures are created, aimed al stimulating the fishing industry
Delaire, Étienne. "Le rôle structurant du froid dans le milieu de la pêche en France 1850-1960." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2059.
Full textThis thesis describes the cold structuring role in fisheries, primarily in France, for the period between 1900 to 1960 and leads us to study the chain of the processing industries of the fishes products, in all aspects. In all the activities of fishing, catching, transformation and marketing, the product conservation and/or transformation and their properties maintenance like food or as raw material for industry are of primary importance. The fishery products must thus receive the same attentions and precautions as of their capture that if they were intended to be consumed as fresh. The fishing industry uses throughout the studied period the cold to develop the study course, making it possible to reduce the losses after capture and the energy consumption by privileging the catching function compared to the transporting function, imposed by the distance of fishing places in the halieutic system. In the second part, the study of a particular technical course , the tuna fisheries, will show how the cold, by its capacity to abolish the distances concerning the conservation of the catches, was structuring. The specific techniques used in these types of transformation is related within food technology domain, and we will study which incidences had, for fisheries, the industrial cold development in the networks of production, storage, transformation and distribution of fish
St-Arnaud, Marie. "La pêcheuse de lumière." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1991. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5474/1/000590825.pdf.
Full textLayet, Clément. "Lumière de la vie." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF20002.
Full textCan the divinity be at once dead and alive? Resonating for us since the time of Nietzsche and Heidegger, this question runs all through the works of Hölderlin, in the first place poetic, but also, in the fullest sense, philosophic. From the time of the controversy over pantheism among German intellectuals in the 1780s the identification of the god of metaphysics with the Christian god seems to have lost its effectiveness. But the divinity for Hölderlin was not only a written dogma or concept ; it denotes above all the link established with nature when man reflects the feelings it arouses in him. From then on, god, even if he seems exposed to death as the transcendent creator of the world, continues to be approachable as the deepest source of all apparitions. However, god only manifests himself in this way if he effaces himself as anteriority, and breaking all union supposedly original, makes way for singular things. Now, to say that the principle denies its own primacy is to say that the one tends to separate from itself in order to reach its own unity, and that it must necessarily produce an image of itself. In defending this proposition, Hölderlin set himself in opposition to the subjective idealist philosophers, who identified the principle of all reality with the "I", and he exposed himself at the same time to the objection that he was incoherent and fanatical. But the effect produced by his poems, novel and tragedy dispels all suspicion of Schwärmerei. Hölderlin’s poetry really is the image of god. A study of his meditation and the progressive implementation of such a level of effectiveness makes it necessary to distinguish three periods in the evolution of his thought. Between 1785 and 1795, after having read Kant, Schiller, Fichte and Schelling, Hölderlin tried to achieve an understanding both non-subjective and non-dogmatic of Being. Between 1795 and 1802 he conceptualised the means of conveying through poetry the profusion of divine life, naming the principle both "beauty", after Plato, and "one differentiating in itself", after Heraclitus. Between 1802 and 1843, as if the death of Susette Gontard, isolation and madness confronted at a biographical level had conjoined, at a theoretic and poetic level, the meditation on Pindar, Sophocles and the face of Christ, Hölderlin showed the dependence of the infinite with regard to the finite. Thus, the whole body of his work, in its internal tension between poem and philosophy, reveals divine life in harmonic opposition
Proutière-Maulion, Gwenaële. "La politique communautaire de réduction de l'effort de pêche des états membres : de la liberté de pêche au droit d'exploitation des ressources." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT4009.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of the common fisheries, policy establishment and evolution relating to the member states fishing effort reduction, in order to obtain a counterbalance between this fishing effort and the exploitable stocks, in a context of halieutic resources scarcity. To that effect, the first part details, in a first chapter, the way of the common fisheries policy's establishment and the transition from the freedom of fishing to a real law of resources exploitation, and then, in a second chapter, the whole measures which are been setting to work by the European community in order to obtain this counterbalance. As regards the second part, it explains the problems meeting by member states with the application of the common fisheries policy, in the respect of the communautary law, through the comparative study of national policy developped by three member states, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and northern Ireland, and Spain, every one being the subject of different chapters
Le, Floc'H Pascal. "La mesure des performances économiques des entreprises de pêche." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440969.
Full textNadraoui, Mustapha. "La pêche maritime sur la façade atlantique du Maroc." Nancy 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN21019.
Full textConsidering the world's increase in population, at the present day maritime resources are just as important as agricultural ones. Halieutic resources are becoming essential for countries with a maritime coastline to secure their future and to guarantee their need for food. Morocco benefits by an important strategic position. It opens out into the Atlantic Ocean as well as the Mediterranean and possesses 3000 km of coastline. Because of its position, Morocco must safeguard its halieutic richness and take all necessary measures to present maritime piracy by foreign fishing ships which are not authorized by the Moroccan government. The aim of our present study is to help develop the economical structure of maritime fishing, the technique of industrial changes, the marketing of fishing instruments and to make this sector more profitable for the country
David, Gilbert. "Pêche villageoise et alimentation au Vanuatu : exploration d'un système." Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES1002.
Full textThis thesis deals with the relationships between fisheries and food supply studied as a system. A first book deals with the regional, human and physical environnement of the system. The books 2 and 3 deals with an input and output flux analysis on the system's border. The fisheries food supply on 1984 is appraised to 4,322-4,885 t giving 415 t of proteins for the ni-Vanuata population whose yearly proteic needs are 2,332 t. The book 4 deals with the structural and fonctionnal causes of the fisheries product under-consumption. It is divided in three chapters. The first one deals with the distribution and conservation network whose problems are discussed. The second chapter deals with the demand including the family income and expeditures, the food evolution, the competition between the fresh fish and the tinned fish and the prospects for the demand increase. The last chapter deals with the scarcity of the fish supply. The prospects for the supply increase and the constraints on this development are discussed as the problems relative to the fisheries policy. The emphasis is put on the flexibility and the adaptability which should show every fisheries policy
Engouma, Georgette. "La pêche dans la région de l'estuaire (Libreville-Gabon)." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30043.
Full textIn the context of a certain evolution and some transformations actually occuring in the estuary region, libreville as the capital city of gabon has made fishing a flourishing activity. In the present study we aim at analysing the conditions, the tools and technics involved in fishing, the fishermen as a social group, and the marketing of fishing products in the region and in the whole country as well. Being essentially traditional up to recent years, fishing is actually having a tendancy to modernize itself, managed as it is by associations of some rich natives (mostly members of the ruling power) with some foreign partners. We specially intended to focus on the kind of organization and mechanisms involved, in close keeping with the environment, the local traditions and the mixed population of the country. So the main interest of this study lies in the physical environment, that is, the sea and its management, and in the evolution or the future of the coast as its activities in an underdeveloped country are concerned
Bereau-Duquesne, Martine. "La pêche au sardinal à Collioure : ethnologie d'une disparition." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100004.
Full textLukomski, Jerzy. "La filière pêche en Pologne : essai de géographie halieutique." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT3008.
Full textThe main aim of this thesis is to present the current state of the polish fishing industry and its prospects in the new socio-economic conditions in the country and the increasingly restricted access to ocean fishing banks. The author tries to show that under the circumstances the polish fishing industry could gradually lose its oceanic character and become increasingly regional. The fishing industry is a particularly complex and necessarily multidisciplinary domain. Its working mechanisms are subject to the influence, at one and the same time, of many distinct factors. Since it its hardly possible to analyse the fishing industry without first seeing just how it functions, the first part of the study is devoted to the basic bioand socio-economic processes wihich are specific to the field. At the same time, this introduction provides the theoretical basis for reflection on the practical aspects of the polish fishing industry
Nurhakim, Subhat. "Biologie et dynamique du Banyar Rastrelliger kanagurta (téléostéen - Scombridae) dans la pêcherie des grands senneurs en mer de Java." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2018.
Full textTreussart, François. "Lumière issue d'émetteurs individuels, applications." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011177.
Full textPour pallier l'inévitable photoblanchiment des molécules de colorants, difficilement compatible avec les applications, nous leur avons préféré un centre coloré unique dans un nanocristal de diamant. Ce dernier se comporte du point de vue de sa fluorescence comme un système moléculaire avec l'avantage supplémentaire d'être parfaitement photostable à température ambiante. Nous avons utilisé la source de photons uniques reposant sur ce centre coloré dans une expérience de distribution quantique de clé de cryptage avec une transmission des photons en espace libre. Nous avons montré qu'une telle source permettait encore le partage d'une clé sûre en présence d'une forte atténuation sur la ligne, là où les impulsions laser atténuées ne peuvent plus permettre un tel partage de secret.
Nous décrivons également dans ce mémoire quelques résultats obtenus sur la génération de second harmonique par des nanocristaux organiques et l'utilisation d'un tel signal comme diagnostic du caractère cristallin du nano-objet ainsi détecté. Enfin, nous concluons sur le projet en cours portant sur la manipulation cohérente d'un spin individuel d'un centre coloré du diamant, pour le traitement quantique de l'information.
Terrisse, Catherine. "Paul Valéry et la lumière." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11176.
Full textDefour, Martin. "Transitoires cohérents en lumière incohérente." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112187.
Full textThis dissertation presents the experimental and theoretical analysis of a stimulated photon echo process which is produced by a sequence of broadband light pulses. The coherence time Tc of the light pulses is much smaller than their duration τL When the two first pulses issue from the same source, the time resolution is determined by τc instead of τL This feature is applied to the study of an atomic velocity distribution with width·ωD Under the condition that: τc << ωD-1<<τL The characteristic time ωD-1may be determined with time resolution Power effects are examined in detail. Their theoretical analysis relies on the theory of stochastic linear differential equations. It is shown that none of the standard methods, which are used for solving these equations, may apply to the foreseen case. Coherent transients produced by incoherent light pulses, should be well suited to the fast sampling of spectral line inhomogeneous width and to the study of fast relaxation and of high frequency quantum beats
Tosello-Bancal, François. "L'évolution de la pêche de la sardine sur le littoral français." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040010.
Full textThe European pilchard (sardina pilchardus walbaum) was plentifully fished, in France, during the past century; mainly along the coasts of south Brittany and Vendée. In 1910, they counted up to 37 maritime quarters with 84 ports, to fish the pilchard. There were also about 188 canning factories to work the pilchard. Today, there are no more than 13 maritime quarters with 25 ports, to fish this species and 25 canning factories working the pilchard. Atlantic production overtook the Mediterranean one before 1960. Since this date, the tendency reversed. The aim of this thesis is the study of different factors (biology, economy, catching techniques, etc. ) Explaining this evolution, or else, the decline of the pilchard-fishing in France. It also wants to show the real situation of this activity, in France, in this end of the twentieth century
Pointin, Fabien. "Etude spatiale des données collectées à bord des navires de pêche : en quoi est-elle pertinente pour la gestion des rejets de la pêche ?" Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARH106/document.
Full textSince 2002, the European Union (EU) Members States collect, manage and supply data forthe management of fisheries and specifically of discards. In this context, at-sea observer programmes collect data on-board fishing vessels on the composition and quantity of catch, including discards. Based on these data, this study aims to analyse the spatio-temporal distribution of landings and discards so as to contribute to their management. In doing so, amapping method based on nested grids has been developed. This method has been designed to produce pluriannual, annual and quarterly maps of landings and discards per species or group of species according to the fishing metier.A platform based on Big Data technologies has then been used with the objectives of refining and automating the mapping method. Using an online storage system and a high-performance computing system, a large number of maps were produced automatically per métier, grouping or not years, quarters and species. Finally, the usefulness of the produced maps for managing discards has been demonstrated, particularly regarding the Landing Obligation (Regulation (UE) n° 1380/2013). Based on fleet cost and revenue data, these maps open up possibilities for identifying fishing zones and/or periods to be avoided (i.e., high bycatch) while minimising the impacts on fleet’s economic performances
Colléter, Mathieu. "Impacts de la pêche sur le fonctionnement trophique des écosystèmes marins : une approche comparative basée sur des modèles trophodynamiques." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSARH092.
Full textFaced with the global overexploitation of marine resources and the rapid degradation of ecosystems’ integrity, many states agreed to the principle of an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). In fact, overfishing induces strong decrease of targeted species biomass, which impact predators, their competitors, prey, and ultimately the ecosystems’ trophic networks. Thus, it is an important challenge to understand the trophic functioning of marine ecosystems and the related impacts of fisheries. In this spirit, my thesis was developed to address concerns about the potential impacts of fisheries on the underlying trophic functioning, and to better understand this trophic functioning and its variability through ecosystems. Two well-known trophodynamic models were used: Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) and EcoTroph (ET). First, I developed EcoBase, i. E. , an online repository to gather and communicate information from EwE models, which enabled to give a global overview of the applications of the EwE modeling approach. Then, the ET model was corrected and standardized through the creation of a software package in R. A new trophic control, i. E. , foraging arena (FA) trophic control, was integrated to study its impacts on trophic flows and fishing effects on aquatic ecosystem trophic networks. I showed that that making ecosystem behavior more realistic by incorporating FA controls into EcoTroph decreased the resistance and the production of modeled ecosystems facing increasing fishing mortality. An analysis of case studies focusing on marine protected areas (MPAs) was then performed using EwE and ET. I analyzed the potential spillover effect from three MPAs, and showed that their potential exports were at the same order of magnitude as the amount of catch that could have been obtained inside the reserve. Finally, a meta-analysis of marine ecosystem trophic iii functioning was conducted using 127 EwE models, which showed that ecosystem types were distinguished by different biomass trophic spectra and associated trophic indices. These differences were mainly driven by different production, but also kinetic for some ecosystem types. In conclusion, trophodynamic models, as EwE and ET, appeared to be useful tools to better understand the trophic functioning of marine ecosystems, its variability through ecosystems, and the associated impacts of fisheries
Nam, Samba. "Societe et economie de la peche maritime au senegal." Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20070.
Full textSenegalese economy is stiffled by the fimsiness of its food cover and the competitive action on pea nut and phosphate on the international market-however the senegalese coast is abounding in fish and its fishing activity is a strong one. This activity which supplies the country with food also creates employment and secures foreign currency. Two different types of fishing can be found : - artisanal fishing is organised by fishermen communities of sea culture and tradition who are settled along the coast. Its purpose is to answer domestic needs. - industrial fishing - based in dakar - must lead to setting the balance of trade. - fishermen, government, senegalese society and economy are all highly concerned by fishing
Paradis, Nicolas. "Segmentation d'un patron de lumière structurée : vision 3D active et codée utilisant la lumière blanche." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27778/27778.pdf.
Full textKhaled, Ramez. "Optimisation des engins de pêche en terme d'économie de carburant." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788335.
Full textMarty, Lise. "Changements adaptatifs induits par la pêche chez les populations halieutiques." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSARH083.
Full textFishing is an important source of mortality in harvested populations and therefore may induce adaptive responses. These responses affect life-history traits in particular, which have consequences for stocks’ dynamics, and thus can alter the demographic direct effect of fishing (i. E. The reduction in stock’s biomass). Fishing-induced adaptive changes depend, nonexclusively, on two processes: evolution and phenotypic plasticity. These two components are observed at the phenotypic level because functional genes coding for the traits undergoing adaptive changes have not yet been identified. These two origins are confounded in individual phenotypes, and the impact of adaptive changes in the long run remains therefore unclear: evolutionary changes are expected to be slowly and/or hardly reversible, whereas plastic ones are in principle reversible in one generation. Furthermore, because it decreases total population size, fishing may also accelerate the rate of genetic drift that affects the neutral and functional genetic composition of harvested populations. This thesis is about adaptive changes in life-history traits induced by fishing, with a special focus on age and size at maturation and a case study on North Sea gadoids. It comprises four parts. Chapter 1 introduces North Sea gadoids from which four species (cod, haddock, whiting, and Norway pout) are used as model species throughout the thesis. The chapter presents briefly their systematics, life history, biology, ecology, and exploitation together with the ecosystem of the North Sea. Chapter 2 is a theoretical study of the evolution of maturation reaction norms under the influence of environmental co-variation in individual somatic growth and mortality due to various types of relationships (positive and negative, linear and nonlinear, deterministic and probabilistic). Results show that evolutionarily optimal age at maturation is the sum of a density-independent and a density-dependent component and that along any growth trajectory, individuals mature earlier when mortality is higher. This result allows to deduce how the shapes of evolutionarily optimal maturation reaction norms depend on the covariation between growth and mortality. This part is published in The American Naturalist (Marty, L. ,U. Dieckmann, M. J. Rochet, and B. Ernande. 2011. Impact of environmental covariation in growth and mortality on evolving maturation reaction norms. The American Naturalist 177:E98-E118). In chapter 3, an empirical case study is proposed, which aims at disentangling plastic and evolutionary changes in temporal trends in age and size at maturation of four species of North Sea gadoids (cod, haddock, Norway pout, and whiting). Data time series spanning from 1971 to 2005 are analysed using probabilistic maturation reaction norms. Our findings support that not all changes in the reaction norm can be explained by environmental factors, and thus that evolution of maturation is plausible in cod and haddock but not in whiting and Norway pout. In agreement with theoretical predictions, the maturation response seems to vary according to species’ life history strategy suggesting a higher sensitivity of fast-growing, late- and largematuring species exhibiting moderate reproductive effort. This part has been submitted to and rejected without prejudice by Evolutionary Applications, with an invitation to resubmit a revised version. Revisions will be made during summer 2011. Chapter 4 theoretically analyses the interplay between neutral and adaptive evolution in the context of fishing, as well as the use of neutral markers to infer population structure properties. This is realized by developing a model accounting for the temporal changes in the - i - distribution of neutral and coding loci together with realistic ecological settings. Results indicate that fishing reduces neutral genetic diversity as measured by effective population size, and that this reduction is linearly related to decreases in many important demographic properties (population size, number of mature individuals, recruitment, spawning stock biomass, and population total fecundity). Furthermore, fishing induces an erosion of adaptive potential through genetic drift alone or in combination with selection, preventing evolutionary recovery of life history traits when fishing pressure is removed. In the synthesis, I compare the theoretical and empirical variations of maturation reaction norms obtained in this thesis. I recall the main results, indicating that fishing-induced maturation evolution is the likeliest hypothesis for North Sea cod and haddock, and that both neutral and functional genetic diversity may have been eroded by fishing. I list the management tools known for their efficacy to mitigate evolutionary effects and discuss their applications for the North Sea gadoids stocks
Turan, Fuat. "La pêche sur le littoral turc de la Mer Noire." Montpellier 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON30007.
Full textMakoure, Dounia. "Valorisation des coproduits de pêche par extrusion réactive en biocombustible." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4056.
Full textThe increase of energy demand and the limitation of oil resources explain the need to find a new alternative to fossil fuels. The chemical composition and energy content of fish by-products offer the potential to transform them into biodiesel. The main objective of this thesis is the valorization of these by-products into biofuel by using the reactive extrusion process. For this purpose, three types of fishby-products (salmon, trout and sardine) were investigated by using the reactive extrusion process.To realize this objective, three types of fish coproducts (salmon, trout and sardine) were valorized by enzymatic hydrolysis in reactive extrusion. The experimental study allowed to optimize the process and to highlight the gains made compared to the batch process: oil extraction efficiency, time and reagent savings. The oil phases extracted from the abovementioned process were analyzed to choosethe oil that represents properties similar to biodiesel. The study of fatty acid profiling and triglyceride contents in the three types of oil has shown that salmon oil is the most suitable oil for biodiesel production. The parameters of the transesterification reaction of salmon oil to biodiesel have been optimized. The characterization of biodiesel produced from this oil has properties similar to those of conventional diesel in accordance with European EN14214 and American ASTM D6751 standards
Couliou, Jean-René. "Les ports de pêche hauturière de Bretagne méridionale : étude géographique de la mutation d'un système halieutique." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES1002.
Full textSouthern Brittany fishing harbours are faced with a painful transformation. Following space organization and several disruptions during two centuries, the fishermen and their organization have controlled the system during the last time of prosperity (1980-1990) based on large wet trawlers fishing, in contradiction with the industrial and trade dynamics, started in 19th century because of fish canning industry. South Brittany vessels have enjoyed considerable financial supports ; including national, regional and europen subsidies, and very favourable conditions from the credit maritime (the major fishermen bank), semi-industriel and artisanal investments became more and more important while the own capital stayed at a low level. So the shipowners have been heavily indebted when the landings dropped because of overfishing after 1985 and more strongly because of prices collapsus in 1993 and 1994. These years, violent operations took place, especially the sackages at rungis and the figthy demonstration in Rennes. Emergency measures had been taken in 1993 and 1994 for appeasement. Structural adaptations are however necessary to stabilize the fishery sector in a region highly dependent on fishing. Indeed the fishmarket commands now a new system. As the legislation (fleet capacity according to ressources and m. A. G. P. , european policy), it orders to the fishermen and harbours many changes. Structural adaptations try to save a main activity. The fleet and the number of fishermen decrease. Some companies have difficulties to complete their crews. The harbours built new infrastructures and imagine how it is possible to guarantee quality, to know the catches before landing. They also try to limit the effect of the distance between the fisheries and the market but the changes sacrify activity, entreprises and fishers who also lost a part of liberty. The spatial scheme is save but it is not so strong than the old arrangement
Delteil, Aymeric. "Exaltation multicorps du couplage lumière-matière." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793607.
Full textMessin, Gaëtan. "Sources de lumière pour l'information quantique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347157.
Full textL'ensemble de mes activités de recherche s'inscrit dans ce mouvement. Mes travaux ont porté en grande partie sur les sources de photons uniques et les sources de paires de photons, ainsi que leurs applications à la cryptographie quantique, à la téléportation quantique et au calcul quantique. Mes travaux s'ouvrent maintenant sur la suite: variables continues, mémoires quantiques et téléportation d'états non classiques sont probablement les prochaines étapes.
Guilloy, Kévin. "Germanium déformé pour l'émission de lumière." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY014/document.
Full textDespite the indirect nature of its bandgap, germanium is a promising candidate as a potential light source for silicon photonic, since the application of tensile strain reduces the energy difference between its direct and indirect bandgaps. However, the application of very large strains raises a number of issues, from a technological point of vue as well as for the determination of the material properties. After laying the theoretical fondations of this problem, two straining approaches are employed : the first one using nanowires grown by the Vapor-Liquid-Solid mechanism, the second using micro-structuration of germanium-on-insulator substrates.For the first one, a study of the n-type doping of CVD-grown nanowires using 4-probes electrical measurements and EDX spectroscopy reveals that they reach a phosphorus atomic concentration of 7 1019 cm-3, these dopants being fully activated. A micro-fabrication process is then used to apply tensile strain to single nanowires, reaching 1.5 % uniaxial stretch measured by X-ray micro-diffraction. The strain measurement is correlated with a direct bandgap measurement by photocurrent spectroscopy, leading to a good agreement with theoretical predictions from the literature.The last chapter describes the fabrication process of structures obtained by amplification of the residual stress of germanium layers on insulator. X-ray diffraction, coupled to Raman spectroscopy, reveals that the structures reach 4.9 % uniaxial stretch and 1.9 % biaxial stretch. The relation between Raman-shift and strain differs significantly from models published in the literature above a few percents of strain. Finally, the measurement of the direct transition with the light- and heavy-holes bands by electro-absorption spectroscopy shows that their strain dependence is not in complete agreement with the deformation potential theory above 2 % but in agreement with predictions from tight-binding simulations
Lesauvage, Nicole. "Révélation et lumière naturelle chez Spinoza." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010596/document.
Full textEthic purports to lead us, as if by the band, towards beatitude and salvation. It shows us the way which allows us, by associating as much as possible our affects to real ideas, to attain true knowledge and the love of God. Whom does “Ethics” address ? Our hypothesis is that it addresses the same readers as the “Theologico-Political Treatise” does, who would philosophize more f eely would they not be prevented from it by the thought that reason should serve theology. After having shown that scripture should be interpreted before being claimed God's word, that prophetic certainty was just moral certainty, Spinoza offers the mathematical certainty of understanding, as the true word of God which speaks directly to our soul ; God who becomes known not as a transcendental God but as an immanent God, efficient cause of all things and thus of our ideas, distinct and clear, which shall allow us to discover a God which acts feely out of necessity of nature, in outright opposition to the scholastic and Cartesian doctrines. This rational revelation nonetheless does not cancel the prophetic revelation, which truth isn't in speculation, but in moral teachings, and especially by in Christ's message of love, model of true life. But if the ultimate goal of each of the revelations is to enjoy the love of God, what is in each of them the nature of this love?
Gaillard, Virginie. "Réflectométrie en lumière polarisée faiblement cohérente." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2045.
Full textThe complex amplitude of the reflection coefficient of a component can be derived from Optical Low Coherence Reflectometry measurements. When the samples are birefringent, beat lobes can be observed in reflection coefficient amplitude as well as oscillations in phase curve which make their data processing difficult. In order to characterize these components, it is then necessary to take the polarization into consideration in the analysis considering not only the sample but also the different elements of the apparatus. In this thesis, we have integrated polarization in the reflectometer theory to characterize polarization maintaining fibres or photonic crystal fibres which are arrangements of micrometric longitudinal air channels. We have developed a method which requires only a few measurements and leads to the characteristic parameters of single axis components: the phase birefringence, the group birefringence and the chromatic dispersion along the component’s eigenaxis. A numerical analysis and the measurements performed on these fibres show the validity of our method
Fontaine, Marie-Odile. "Voltaire à la lumière de Lucien." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL017.
Full textWhat is the link between Voltaire and Lucian of Samosata, a Greek-speaking Syrian, often called "the Voltaire of antiquity"? The influence of the Ancient on the Modern seemed obvious to readers from the 18th century before this idea was tempered, even outright rejected. Yet Voltaire owned a translation of Lucian’s works, and claimed to have imitated him in a text from 1751. In 1765, Voltaire stages him in Conversation between Lucian, Erasmus and Rabelais, in the Elysian Fields. Elsewhere, he mentions him as a figure of authority. To what is owed this reversal of opinion? In what way is the 18th century assessment sound? To understand this, it is important to remember that Lucian was read under the Ancien Régime as a blacklisted author, certainly unbelieving, maybe epicurean, having dared to mock such "venerable" subjects as the practices and fables of historians, philosophers, phony priests and their worshippers: all reasons for Voltaire to be interested in him. This interest has been fertile: as numerous authors since the Renaissance had done, Voltaire imitated and adapted the style of whimsical and philosophical stories or playlets from the Syrian, whose spoudogeloion can be found in many "typical" Voltairian dialogues or tales. However, while the Ancient’s works that inspired Voltaire are most similar in form, they are also reminiscent of the ironic speeches of Socrates, the "silenes of Alcibiades" that, behind their farcical appearance, questioned the rhetoric of authority in order to expose its sophistry. Lucian and Voltaire’s "silenes", rather probabilistic, also make wiser those they free from prejudices and ill-founded certainties
Upadhyay, Debajyoti. "Imagerie polarimétrique adaptée en lumière cohérente." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0007/document.
Full textWe propose in this thesis to study and imaging method which is adapted to the scene under investigation by the use of specific polarimetric excitations. The scenes under inversigation have two separate regions with different polarimetric properties. The specific fully polarized state of illumination is found by the physical criteria for oprimizing the polarimetric constrat in two aereas with different polarization properties. Taking into account the Shot noise of the detector, this new 2 channel imaging technique named APSCI, shows a gain in contrast quantified by the Bhattacharyya distance of up to a factor of 10 compared to what is achievable from classical Mueller imagnin. On the other hand, it uses the full polarimetric information of the scene to generate a single image at optimum contrast which makes it particularly effective to distinguish two distinct areas with slightly different polarization properties. The complete analytical solution of this problem is proposed in the next chapter with associated illustrations. The proposed model allows, in addition to a physical interpretation of the imaging problem, to quantify the limits of APSCI method based on evaluated Mueller matrices of the scene. Furthermore the relative performance of APSCI vs Classical Mueller Imaging (CMI) associated to polar decomposition has been studied numerically. Finally we have setup an hybrid CMI-APSCI imaging setup by indigenous calibration technique with a polarimetric precession of approximately 1% when room temperature varies around 1 degree C