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Journal articles on the topic 'Pebrina'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 September 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Zhang, Dao De, Xin Yu Hu, Yu Rong Pan, and Guang You Yang. "Research on Image Segmentation Technique for Pebrine in Silkworm Based on HSI Model." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 2019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.2019.

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To segment the pebrine from the background effectively, this paper focuses on the research of image segmentation technology on the basis of HSI color model. Owing to the complex background and poor contrast of the pebrine image, the method of contrast enhancement is adopted to improve the image quality; the technology of target extraction based on HSI model is used to realize the direct extraction of the colorized object image from the background, which utilizes the color characteristic of pebrine image; Meanwhile, the research on the threshold processing on the basis of shape feature of pebrine image can be done to improve the efficiency of algorithm, which minimizes the influence of non-target image, and the method of morphology can be applied to eliminate the hole or dot noise, and to separate the adhesive pebrines, which increases the accuracy of pebrine recognition. The result shows the method reasonable and effective.

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Hu, Xin Yu, Zuo Bing Chen, Dao De Zhang, and Guang You Yang. "Research on Automatic Detection Technique for Pebrine Image Based on Computer Vision." Advanced Materials Research 159 (December 2010): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.159.383.

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Aiming to achieve the automatic detection and accurate identification of pebrine images, the fuzzy contrast enhancement algorithm was utilized to enhance the contrast of the target image in order to improve the image’s quality; Owing to the color character of light green for the pebrine, the image segmentation technique based on the HSI model can be applied to extract the pebeine image, at the same time, the morphology theory can be adopted to remove the noises such as the hole noise and point noise, and to separate the bond particles; The region labeling can be done on the binary image after the image segmentation, then the shape parameters of pebrine can be extracted, by making full use of the feature parameters, the method of neural network based on genetic algorithm is applied to recognize the pebrine image. These experiments show that the method has achieved satisfactory image recognition results.

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3

Pan, Zhong Hua, Cheng Liang Gong, Xiao Jian Zheng, Rui Guo, and Wei De Shen. "Application of Pebrine Detection by PCR Infected Bombyx Mori Eggs." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.8.

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With the development of the PCR technology, especially the improvement of its reagent and a method of pebrine detection by PCR in infected Bombyx mori eggs was established.With the 16sRNA gene of Nosema bombycis as target sequence, the results of extraction of genomic DNA from purified microspores showed that 1.3×10-7µg DNA can be extracted from each spore. The sensitivity detection showed the detection limit of Nosema bombycis DNA was 3.25×10-2pg, i.e. 4 spores. (PCR system volume is 25µl). The method of total DNA extraction from pebrine infected silkworm eggs just before hatching was created. The result showed that extracting total DNA from silkworm eggs after the eggs had been treated with 30% KOH met the PCR detection requirements. The result of application study showed the spores in the pebrine infected egg just before hatching can sensitively be found with PCR. The result of a group of eggs just before hatching detection showed that the maximum PCR detection level was of a pebrine infected eggs just before hatching in 300 healthy eggs when the total DNA extraction had been purified with Agarose electrophoresis. The probability of identifying groups of one pebrine spore in infected eggs just before hatching mixed with 100 healthy ones was about 80%.

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4

Nuraeni, Sitti. "Gaps in the thread: Disease, production, and opportunity in the failing silk industry of South Sulawesi." Forest and Society 1, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v1i2.1861.

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Indonesian silk farming (Sericulture) has experienced two waves of a pebrine epidemic (also known as pepper disease) and grasserie. The first pebrine epidemic occurred in 1973 and the second one occurred in 2010. Natural silk production in Indonesia has undergone dramatic decline after these epidemics. In addition to the disease, other factors also simultaneously contributed to the decline. This research examines the conditions and challenges to national natural silk industry recovery after a pebrine epidemic. The present study employs a survey and focus group discussion in three regencies (Wajo, Soppeng, and Enrekang), which took place in September 2016. Findings show that there are three major factors which contribute to the decline of national silk production, namely the: i) epidemic of silkworm disease, ii) quality of silkworms and the process of silkworm provision, iii) insufficiency of farmer means of production, and iv) lack of guidance and assistance for the farmers. Without interventions and greater support to properly maintain silkworm operations a potentially lucrative economy for rural farmers could go unrealized. The implications of this research also highlight key potential interventions for working with communities and supporting the overall resilience of national silk production in Indonesia.

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5

Senapati, M. D., and A. K. Hazarika. "Standardization of mother moth examination for pebrine detection in samia species and diagnosis of pebrine disease in commercial seed production." Clarion- International Multidisciplinary Journal 6, no. 1 (2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2277-937x.2017.00006.5.

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6

KN, Madhusudhan, Manila a, Moorthy SM, GuptaV P, SinhaA K, and Sivaprasad V. "STUDIES ON BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES DURING TROPICAL TASAR SILKWORM-PEBRINE INTERACTION." International Journal of Advanced Research 6, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 635–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/6482.

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7

Hatakeyama, Yoshinori, and Shoji Hayasaka. "A new method of pebrine inspection of silkworm egg using multiprimer PCR." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 82, no. 3 (March 2003): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2011(03)00019-3.

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8

Song, Ying, Wenchun Wang, Dongping Liu, Qi Zhang, Weiyuan Ni, and Jinhai Niu. "Pebrine Disease of Chinese Silkworm Controlled by Using Atmospheric Cold Plasma Jet." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 41, no. 8 (August 2013): 2370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2013.2267556.

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9

Patil, C. S., and M. Geetha Bai. "Studies on the susceptibility of silkworm races to pebrine spore, Nosema bombycis Naegeli." Journal of Applied Entomology 108, no. 1-5 (January 12, 1989): 421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1989.tb00476.x.

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10

Akçakaya, Zeynep. "Agricultural Knowledge, Local Environment, and the Experts: Silkworm Production in Nineteenth-Century Bursa." Turkish Historical Review 11, no. 1 (November 5, 2020): 66–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462-bja10011.

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Abstract This article is a case study of silkworm production in Bursa in the nineteenth century. This case was chosen mainly to discuss the relationship between scientific agricultural knowledge and peasants’ knowledge. The article argues that neither type of knowledge was static and that hybrid knowledge was the product of the interaction between scientific and peasants’ knowledge. Furthermore, it analyses how scientific knowledge turned from a cure for pebrine, a disease of silkworms, into a means of standardisation and control of the peasants’ production by the government and the Ottoman Public Debt Administration so that they could increase their revenue from sericulture. In this framework, the article also discusses how peasants’ knowledge changed partly by embracing scientific knowledge and partly by resisting it.

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11

Xinyu Hu, Minghu Wu, Daode Zhang, and Guangyou Yang. "Research on Image Segmentation Technique for Color Microscopic Image of Pebrine under Complex Background." International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology 5, no. 4 (February 28, 2013): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/ijact.vol5.issue4.6.

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12

CAI, SHUNFENG, XINGMENG LU, HAIHONG QIU, MINGQIAN LI, and ZHENZHEN FENG. "Identification of a Nosema bombycis (Microsporidia) spore wall protein corresponding to spore phagocytosis." Parasitology 138, no. 9 (July 15, 2011): 1102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011000801.

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SUMMARYLife-cycle stages of the microsporidia Nosema bombycis, the pathogen causing silkworm pebrine, were separated and purified by an improved method of Percoll-gradient centrifugation. Soluble protein fractions of late sporoblasts (spore precursor cells) and mature spores were analysed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Protein spots were recovered from gels and analysed by mass spectrometry. The most abundant differential protein spot was identified by database search to be a hypothetical spore wall protein. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we demonstrated that HSWP5 is localized to the exospore of mature spores and renamed it as spore wall protein 5 (NbSWP5). Further spore phagocytosis assays indicated that NbSWP5 can protect spores from phagocytic uptake by cultured insect cells. This spore wall protein may function both for structural integrity and in modulating host cell invasion.

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13

Shamim, M., Debjani Ghosh, M. Baig, B. Nataraju, R. K. Datta, and S. K. Gupta. "Production of Monoclonal Antibodies AgainstNosema bombycisand their Utility for Detection of Pebrine Infection inBombyx moriL." Journal of Immunoassay 18, no. 4 (November 1997): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01971529708005827.

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14

Rafeie, F., M. H. Rezadoust, and R. Abdoli. "New molecular diagnosis for pebrine inspection in silkworm eggs using a real-time PCR probe." Gene Reports 12 (September 2018): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2018.06.003.

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15

Basile, Rita, Tina Tirelli, and Daniela Pessani. "Pebrilla paguri(Ciliophora, Folliculinidae) on four Mediterranean hermit crab species." Italian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 4 (January 2004): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250000409356591.

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16

Zhang, Yu, Zhenbin Miao, Xuhua Huang, Xiaochun Wang, Junxian Liu, and Guiwen Wang. "Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy (LTRS) to Detect Effects of Chlorine Dioxide on IndividualNosema bombycisSpores." Applied Spectroscopy 73, no. 7 (January 10, 2019): 774–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702818817522.

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The microsporidium Nosema bombycis (Nb) causes pebrine, a fatal disease in sericulture. Nb is effectively killed by chlorine dioxide (ClO2); however, the precise killing mechanism remains unclear. We used laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) to monitor the action of ClO2on individual Nb spores in real time. Raman peaks of ClO2appeared in Nb spores, corresponding to decreased peaks of trehalose that gradually disappeared. A peak (1658 cm–1) corresponding to the protein α-helix significantly weakened while that (1668 cm–1) corresponding to irregular protein structures was enhanced; their intensities were negatively correlated in a certain time range and dependent on ClO2concentration. The intensities of peaks at 782 cm–1(nucleic acids) and 1004 cm–1(phenylalanine of protein) did not change evidently even under extremely high ClO2concentrations. Thus, ClO2rapidly permeates the Nb spore wall, changing the protein secondary structure to lose biological function and destroy permeability, causing trehalose to leak out. These effects are ClO2concentration-dependent, but no other obvious changes to biomacromolecules were detected. Single-cell analysis using LTRS is an effective method to monitor the action of chemical sporicides on microbes in real time, providing insight into the heterogeneity of cell stress resistance.

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17

Kumar, K. P. Kiran, A. K. Sinha, S. K. Gupta, K. N. Madhusudha, and B. C. Prasad. "Competency in Mother Moth Examination Methods of Antheraea mylitta D. in the Detection of Pebrine Spores and Quality Evaluation." International Journal of Zoological Research 7, no. 5 (August 15, 2011): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijzr.2011.376.381.

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18

Patil, C. S., N. B. Jyothi, and C. M. S. Dass. "Role of Nosema bombycis infected male silk moths in the venereal transmission of pebrine disease in Bombyx mori (Lep., Bombycidae)." Journal of Applied Entomology 126, no. 10 (December 2002): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0418.2002.00701.x.

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19

Chakrabarty, Satadal, A. K. Saha, B. Manna, and S. Nirmal Kumar. "Secondary Contamination is the Main Source for Spread of Nosema bombycis Resulting in Outbreak of Pebrine Disease in Bombyx mori L." International Journal of Industrial Entomology 27, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2013.27.2.282.

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20

U M, Shravan, Prashantha Karunakar, and V. Krishnamurthy. "Homology modeling, virtual screening and dynamics study of proteins involved in Pebrine - Serine protease inhibitor 106 and spore wall protein 26." Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 38, no. 17 (December 6, 2019): 5148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2019.1696704.

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21

Hossain, Zakir, Satadal Chakraborty, Sunil Kumar Gupta, Atul Kumar Saha, and Bharat Bhushan Bindroo. "Silkworm disease incidence trends during the years 1992–2011 in the Murshidabad district of West Bengal, India." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 37, no. 04 (September 13, 2017): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758417000182.

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Abstract The Murshidabad District of West Bengal, India has practised traditional mulberry sericulture since time immemorial. One of the most important aspects for sustainable development of the sericulture industry is the control and prevention of silkworm diseases. The main objective of this study was to determine silkworm disease incidence over the period 1992–2011 in Murshidabad District and how environmental factors have contributed towards their occurrence. Data were collected from a crop-wise survey of silkworm diseases from 25 farmers (five farmers from five villages), who each had a separate rearing house, were progressive and had a capacity of rearing at least 100 disease free layings (dfls) in each crop. Disease incidence was expressed in percentage and calculated taking into consideration 40,000 larvae per 100 dfls. Crop-wise silkworm disease mortality data were correlated with meteorological data. Data collected from the continuous survey conducted in the district during 1992–2011 revealed that there was no set pattern of occurrence of silkworm diseases. However, maximum mortality (up to 30%) of silkworm due to diseases in all the seasons occurred mainly due to grasserie, as relative humidity remains high for most part of the year in this area. However, other than grasserie, for most of the period, disease incidence was below 10%. This observation of the dominance of grasserie over other diseases in causing silkworm mortality calls for renewed emphasis on the preventive measures and development of disease forecasting models, for disease control. Another observation was that since 1993, pebrine, the deadliest disease of the silkworm, has not been reported from the farmers’ fields.

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22

H S, Deepthi, and Anitha S. Sastry. "IMAGE PROCESSING BASED SMART SERICULTURE SYSTEM USING IOT." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 8, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i9.004.

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Rearing of silkworm is highly dependent on environmental variations. To have a healthy cocoon production, it is necessary to have a proper temperature and humidity controlled house for silkworm rearing. Temperature, humidity and fresh air should be managed to get a wonderful silk product. An ideal temperature of 23°C to 28°C and humidity in between 65% to 85% is to be maintained. IoT based silkworm rearing house consists of sensors and actuators, which are interfaced with a low power controllers. The Sericulture unit can be equipped with a wireless sensor node to sense the real time Temperature and Humidity [1], also necessary actuators to control these environmental parameters. The color change in the body of the worms indicates the different stages and the light yellowish indicates that they have reached to the cocoon stage and the morphological changes in silkworm structure can be used to detect abnormal worms[2].The proposed framework introduces an Internet of Things (IoT) empowered Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) system. The received image is first segregated into two classes as diseased or healthy by analyzing the histogram of the background removed image based on thresholding. Again the diseased class will be sub classified into 2 diseases as either Flacherie or Pebrine by applying suitable mask for extracting worm and obtaining the histogram of the worm and analyzing it. The result will be sent to the farmer via E-mail. The proposed system could be a probable solution for productivity in silkworms.

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23

Madhusudhan, K. N., Chakrapani ., V. P. Gupta, A. H. Naqvi, and A. K. Sinha. "STUDIES ON TRANSMISSION RATE OF PEBRINE (NOSEMA MYLITTA) TO HEALTHY TROPICAL TASAR SILKWORM (ANTHERAEA MYLITTA D.) FROM SECONDARY SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION IN SILKWORM REARING PLOTS." Journal of Biological & Scientific Opinion 4, no. 3 (July 7, 2016): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2321-6328.04319.

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24

Madhusudha, K. N., C. Nungshi-De, G. Lokesh, G. P. Singh, A. K. Sinha, K. P. Kiran Kumar, and B. C. Prasad. "Impact of Nosema mylitta (pebrine) Infection on the Larval Parameters, Protein Concentration and Total Hemocyte Level in Daba Ecorace of Antheraea mylitta D. (Tropical Tasar silkworm)." Microbiology Journal 1, no. 3 (April 15, 2011): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/mj.2011.97.104.

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25

Xu, Xiaodi, Yong Chen, Boqiang Li, and Shiping Tian. "Arginine Methyltransferase PeRmtC Regulates Development and Pathogenicity of Penicillium expansum via Mediating Key Genes in Conidiation and Secondary Metabolism." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7100807.

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Penicillium expansum is one of the most common and destructive post-harvest fungal pathogens that can cause blue mold rot and produce mycotoxins in fruit, leading to significant post-harvest loss and food safety concerns. Arginine methylation by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) modulates various cellular processes in many eukaryotes. However, the functions of PRMTs are largely unknown in post-harvest fungal pathogens. To explore their roles in P. expansum, we identified four PRMTs (PeRmtA, PeRmtB, PeRmtC, and PeRmt2). The single deletion of PeRmtA, PeRmtB, or PeRmt2 had minor or no impact on the P. expansum phenotype while deletion of PeRmtC resulted in decreased conidiation, delayed conidial germination, impaired pathogenicity and pigment biosynthesis, and altered tolerance to environmental stresses. Further research showed that PeRmtC could regulate two core regulatory genes, PeBrlA and PeAbaA, in conidiation, a series of backbone genes in secondary metabolism, and affect the symmetric ω-NG, N’G-dimethylarginine (sDMA) modification of proteins with molecular weights of primarily 16–17 kDa. Collectively, this work functionally characterized four PRMTs in P. expansum and showed the important roles of PeRmtC in the development, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism of P. expansum.

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Rajendran, Somiahnadar. "Insect Pest Management in Stored Products." Outlooks on Pest Management 31, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_feb_05.

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Insects are a common problem in stored produce. The author describes the extent of the problem and approaches to countering it. Stored products of agricultural and animal origin, whether edible or non-edible, are favourite food for insect pests. Durable agricultural produce comprising dry raw and processed commodities and perishables (fresh produce) are vulnerable to insect pests at various stages from production till end-use. Similarly, different animal products and museum objects are infested mainly by dermestids. Insect pests proliferate due to favourable storage conditions, temperature and humidity and availability of food in abundance. In addition to their presence in food commodities, insects occur in storages (warehouses, silos) and processing facilities (flour mills, feed mills). Insect infestation is also a serious issue in processed products and packed commodities. The extent of loss in stored products due to insects varies between countries depending on favourable climatic conditions, and pest control measures adopted. In stored food commodities, insect infestation causes loss in quantity, changes in nutritional quality, altered chemical composition, off-odours, changes in end-use products, dissemination of toxigenic microorganisms and associated health implications. The insects contribute to contaminants such as silk threads, body fragments, hastisetae, excreta and chemical secretions. Insect activity in stored products increases the moisture content favouring the growth of moulds that produce mycotoxins (e.g., aflatoxin in stored peanuts). Hide beetle, Dermestes maculatus infesting silkworm cocoons has been reported to act as a carrier of microsporidian parasite Nosema bombycis that causes pebrine disease in silkworms. In dried fish, insect infestation leads to higher bacterial count and uric acid levels. Insects cause damage in hides and skins affecting their subsequent use for making leather products. The trend in stored product insect pest management is skewing in favour of pest prevention, monitoring, housekeeping and finally control. Hermetic storage system can be supplemented with CO2 or phosphine application to achieve quicker results. Pest detection and monitoring has gained significance as an important tool in insect pest management. Pheromone traps originally intended for detection of infestations have been advanced as a mating disruption device ensuing pest suppression in storage premises and processing facilities; pheromones also have to undergo registration protocols similar to conventional insecticides in some countries. Control measures involve reduced chemical pesticide use and more non-chemical inputs such as heat, cold/freezing and desiccants. Furthermore, there is an expanding organic market where physical and biological agents play a key role. The management options for insect control depend on the necessity or severity of pest incidence. Generally, nonchemical treatments, except heat, require more treatment time or investment in expensive equipment or fail to achieve 100% insect mortality. Despite insect resistance, environmental issues and residue problems, chemical control is inevitable and continues to be the most effective and rapid control method. There are limited options with respect to alternative fumigants and the alternatives have constraints as regards environmental and health concerns, cost, and other logistics. For fumigation of fresh agricultural produce, new formulations of ethyl formate and phosphine are commercially applied replacing methyl bromide. Resistance management is now another component of stored product pest management. In recent times, fumigation techniques have improved taking into consideration possible insect resistance. Insect control deploying nanoparticles, alone or as carriers for other control agents, is an emerging area with promising results. As there is no single compound with all the desired qualities, a necessity has arisen to adopt multiple approaches. Cocktail applications or combination treatments (IGRs plus organophosphorus insecticides, diatomaceous earth plus contact insecticides, nanoparticles plus insecticides/pathogens/phytocompounds and conventional fumigants plus CO2; vacuum plus fumigant) have been proved to be more effective. The future of store product insect pest management is deployment of multiple approaches and/or combination treatments to achieve the goal quickly and effectively.

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Saragih, Pebri Yanti Karnopa, Yansen Siahaan, Elly Susanti, and Supitriyani Supitriyani. "PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA." FINANCIAL: JURNAL AKUNTANSI 4, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37403/financial.v4i2.77.

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Abstrak Pebri Yanti Karnopa Saragih, pengaruh struktur modal dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap kinerja keuangan pada perusahaan sub sektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di bursa efek indonesia. Di bawah bimbingan bapak dr. Yansen siahaan, se, ak., msac sebagai Ketua Pembimbing, Ibu Elly Susanti S.Kom, M.Si sebagai Anggota Pembimbing I dan Ibu Supitriyani, SE, M.Si sebagai Anggota Pembimbing II.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1. Untuk mengetahui gambaran struktur modal, ukuran perusahaan dan kinerja keuangan pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. 2. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh struktur modal, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap kinerja keuangan pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia baik secara simultan dan parsial.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Objek penelitian adalah Perusahaan Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2017. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linear berganda, koefisien korelasi, koefisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis.Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa 1. Rata-rata struktur modal cenderung menurun, rata-rata ukuran perusahaan dan kinerja keuangan cenderung meningkat. 2. Hasil pengujian dari regresi linier berganda diketahui bahwa struktur modal dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja keuangan. 3. Hasil analisis koefisien korelasi dan korelasi determinasi dapat di ambil kesimpulan bahwa hubungan antara struktur modal dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap kinerja keuangan rendah dan cukup banyak dipengaruh oleh variabel lain yang tidak dijelaskan dalam penelitian ini. 4. Hasil uji hipotesis dapat disimpulkan bahwa struktur modal dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan.Hasil penelitian menyarankan sebaiknya perusahaan mempertahankan dan meningkatkan stabilitas penjualan, mengelolah struktur aset perusahaan, meningkatkan pertumbuhan perusahaan, meningkatkan laba, serta meningkatkan flesibilitas keuangan agar struktur modal perusahaan dapat optimal. Kemampuan perusahaan dalam mengelolah aset menunjukan kinerja perusahaan yang baik dan hal ini akan dapat menarik perhatian eksternal untuk ikut mendanai kegiatan perusahaan. Kata kunci: Struktur Modal, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Kinerja Keuangan. AbstractPebri Yanti Karnopa Saragih, the Influence of Capital Structure and Company Size on financial performance in the Food and Beverage Sub-Sector Registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Under the guidance of Dr. Yansen Siahaan, SE, Ak., MSAc as Advisor, Elly Susanti S.Kom, M.Si, as the First Co Advisor and Supitriyani, SE, M.Si, as the second Co Advisor.The purpose of this study is 1. To find out the description of capital structure, company size and financial performance in the Food and Beverage Sector Company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. 2. To find out how the capital structure influences, and the size of the company on the financial performance of the Food and Beverage Sector Company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange both simultaneously and partially.This research was conducted using qualitative descriptive analysis methods and quantitative descriptive analysis. The object of research is the Food and Beverage Sub-Sector Company Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2017 Period. Data collection is done by documentation method. The analysis technique used is the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient, determination coefficient and hypothesis testing.The results of this study can be summarized as follows:that 1. The average capital structure tends to decrease, the average company size and financial performance tends to increase. 2. The results of multiple linear regression tests revealed that the capital structure and firm size negatively affect financial performance. 3. The results of the analysis of the correlation coefficient and determination correlation can be concluded that the relationship between capital structure and the size of the company is low and much influenced by other variables that did not discribe in this study. 4. The results of testing the hypothesis can be concluded that the capital structure has no significant effect on financial performance, and the size of the company has no significant effect on financial performance.The results show that the best is to maintain and improve sales stability, manage the structure of the company's assets, increase the company's growth, increase profits, and increase financial flexibility so that the company's capital structure can be optimized. The company's ability to manage assets shows good company performance and this will attract external attention to participate in funding the company's activities. Keywords: Capital Structure, Company Size, and Financial Performance.

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Muhdi, Nurkolis, and Yovitha Yuliejantiningsih. "The Implementation of Online Learning in Early Childhood Education During the Covid-19 Pandemic." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.142.04.

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Covid-19 has changed the learning process from class attendance to distance learning using the Internet. Early childhood education is threatened to enter into the lost generation, due to distance learning, which causes confusion for teachers and parents to be able to provide the best stimulation for them. Therefore, the Indonesian government made a new policy on online learning. The objectives of this research are to find how effective at online learning policy formulation, how productive it is in policy implementation, and what are the obstacles of the implementation at Early-Childhood Education (ECE). This qualitative research uses a mixed method approach with an iterative analysis design, conducted in Central Java Province in 35 districts / cities with 1,899 respondents. Data collection techniques with open-closed questionnaires, study from 15 documentation, and in-depth interviews. Data analysis uses quantitative-qualitative software Nvivo12+, with Miles and Huberman models. The results showed the policy formulation of online learning at ECE has been effective. However, the implementation of online learning policy at ECE still takes a lot of effort to become more powerful in preventing a decline in learning. There are five obstacles in in applying this in the field, namely the ability of teachers, the ability of parents, economic capability, facility constraints, and pedagogical constraints. Keywords: Online Learning Policy; Children Engagement; Learning Management System References Allen, I. E., Seaman, J. (2013). Changing course: Ten years of tracking online education in the United States. ERIC, ISBN 0984028838. Asilestari, P. (2016). Komputer Interaktif sebagai Media Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris pada Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 2, n. 1, p. 55-62. Association, I. I. S. P. (2018). Penetrasi & Profil Perialku Pengguna Internet Indonesia. Coates, H. (2006). Student engagement in campus-based and online education: University connections. Routledge, ISBN 1134161530. Ha, Young. & Im, Hyunjoo. (2020). The Role of an Interactive Visual Learning Tool and its Personalizability in Online Learning: Flow Experience. Online Learning, 24, n. 1. Harjanto, T. & Sumunar, D. S. E. W. (2018). Tantangan Dan Peluang Pembelajaran Dalam Jaringan: Studi Kasus Implementas Elok (E-Learning: Open For Knowledge Sharing) Pada Mahasiswa Profesi Ners. Jurnal Keperawatan Respati Yogyakarta, 5, p. 24-28. Imron, A. (1995). Kebijaksanaan pendidikan di Indonesia: Proses, produk dan masa depannya. Bumi Aksara, ISBN 9795262319. Inoue, Y. (2007). Online education for lifelong learning. IGI Global, ISBN 1599043211. Irma, C. N., Nisa, K. & Sururiyah, S. K. (2019). Keterlibatan Orang Tua dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di TK Masyithoh 1 Purworejo. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 3, n. 1, p. 214-224. Jebba, A. M. & Umaru, N. N. (2019). The role of social media in reshaping the academic activities of vocational and technical education lecturers in Nigeria. Int. J. Eval. & Res. Educ. Vol, 8, n. 4, p. 735-741. Johnson, K. & Manning, S. (2010). Online education for dummies. Canada: John Wiley & Sons Publishing ISBN 0470536209. Juwah, C. (2006). Interactions in online education: Implications for theory and practice. Routledge, ISBN 1134247494. Kemendikbud. (2020). Surat Edaran Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan Dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19). Kong, S. C., Chan, T.-W., Griffin, P. & Hoppe, U. et al. (2014). E-learning in school education in the coming 10 years for developing 21st century skills: Critical research issues and policy implications. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 17, n. 1, p. 70-78. Kwon, J. B., Debruler, K. & Kennedy, K. (2019). A Snapshot of Successful K-12 Online Learning: Focused on the 2015-16 Academic Year in Michigan. Journal of Online Learning Research, 5, n. 2, p. 199-225. Layne, M., Boston, W. E. & Ice, P. (2013). A longitudinal study of online learners: Shoppers, swirlers, stoppers, and succeeders as a function of demographic characteristics. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 16, n. 2, p. 1-12. Lynch, M. M. (2002). The online educator: A guide to creating the virtual classroom. Routledge, ISBN 1134542542. Novianti, R. & Garzia, M. (2020). Penggunaan Gadget Pada Anak; Tantangan Baru Orang Tua Milenial. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4, n. 2. Nugroho, R. (2008). Kebijakan Pendidikan: Pengantar untuk Memahami Kebijakan Pendidikan Sebagai Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Nugroho, R. (2017). Public Policy: Dinamika Kebijakan, Analisis Kebijakan, dan Manajemen Politik Kebijakan Publik. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo. Palloff, R. M. & Pratt, K. (2002). Lessons from the cyberspace classroom: The realities of online teaching. California: John Wiley & Sons Publishing, ISBN 0787959960. Pangondian, R. A., Santosa, P. I. & Nugroho, E. (2019). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kesuksesan Pembelajaran Daring Dalam Revolusi Industri 4.0. Panjaitan, N. Q.; Yetti, E. & Nurani, Y. (2020). Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Digital Animasi dan Kepercayaan Diri terhadap Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam Anak. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4, n. 2, p. 588-596. Pebriana, P. H. (2017). Analisis penggunaan gadget terhadap kemampuan interaksi sosial pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 1, n. 1, p. 1-11. Pertiwi, W. K. (2020). Penetrasi Internet di Indonesia Capai 64 Persen. https://tekno.kompas.com/read/2020/02/20/14090017/penetrasi-internet-di-indonesia-capai-64-persen. Ramadhan, B. (2020). Ini Data Pengguna Internet Di Seluruh Dunia Tahun 2020. Jakarta https://teknoia.com/data-pengguna-internet-dunia-ac03abc7476. Roach, V. & Lemasters, L. (2006). Satisfaction with online learning: A comparative descriptive study. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 5, n. 3, p. 317-332. Rohita, R. (2020). The Ability of Ece Teachers to Use ICT in The Industrial Revolution 4.0. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4, n. 2, p. 502-511. Rostaminezhad, M., Mozayani, N., Norozi, D. & Iziy, M. (2013). Factors related to e-learner dropout: Case study of IUST elearning center. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 83, p. 522-527. Sari, K. M. & Setiawan, H. (2020). Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru dalam Melaksanakan Penilaian Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4, n. 2, p. 900-912. Seok, S. & Dacosta, B. (2020). Relationships Between Young South Koreans’ Online Activities and Their Risk of Exploitation. Journal of Online Learning Research, 6, n. 1, p. 77-101. Setyaji, A., Iskak, A., Sukmaningrum, R. & Hawa, F. (2015). Komputer Interaktif Sebagai Media Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris Pada Anak Usia Dini. E-Dimas: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 6, n. 1, p. 1-12. Sharoff, L. (2019). Creative and Innovative Online Teaching Strategies: Facilitation for Active Participation. Journal of Educators Online, 16, n. 2, p. n2. Suhartanto, H. (2010). Survei 2009: Mutu Situs E-Learning Sekolah Indonesia Masih Sangat Minim. Jurnal Sistem Informasi,6, n. 1, p. 80-83. Sum, T. A. & Taran, E. G. M. (2020). Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru PAUD dalam Perencanaan dan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4, n. 2. Swan, K. (2003). Learning effectiveness online: What the research tells us. p.13-47. Taufik, A., Apendi, T., Saidi, S. & Istiarsono, Z. (2019). Parental Perspectives on the Excellence of Computer Learning Media in Early Childhood Education. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 13, n. 2, p. 356-370. Tilaar, H.; Nugroho, R. (2009). Kebijakan Pendidikan: Pengantar untuk Memahami Kebijakan Pendidikan dan Kebijakan Pendidikan sebagai Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Ulya, S. I. (2019). Analisis Penggunaan Gedget Terhadap Kemampuan Interaksi Sosial Dan Komunikasi Pada Anak Usia Dini. 89-96. Vonderwell, S. & Zachariah, S. (2005). Factors that influence participation in online learning. Journal of Research on Technology in education, 38, n. 2, p. 213-230. Wang, Q., Zhu, Z., Chen, L. & Yan, H. (2009). E‐learning in China. Campus-Wide Information Systems. Winter, J., Cotton, D., Gavin, J. & Yorke, J. D. (2010). Effective e-learning? Multi-tasking, distractions and boundary management by graduate students in an online environment. ALT-J, 18, n. 1, p. 71-83. Yu, E. (2020). Student-Inspired Optimal Design of Online Learning for Generation Z. Journal of Educators Online, 17, n. 1, p. n1. Zaini, M. & Soenarto, S. (2019). Persepsi Orangtua terhadap Hadirnya Era Teknologi Digital di Kalangan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 3, n. 1, p. 254-264.

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Kampliw, S., and M. Monthatong. "Evaluation of combined effect of micronutrients and rhizobial inoculation on mungbean productivity." Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research, of (August 24, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-430.

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In present study, Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay was conducted for diagnosis Nosema bombycis, the pebrine disease pathogen in domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori. Nine isolates of N. bombycis were collected from infected silkworms in rearing areas in Khon Kaen province, Thailand. N. bombycis genomic DNAs were extracted by boiling method and used as templates in LAMP and PCR reactions. A LAMP primer set was designed specific to N. bombycis small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. The results revealed that the optimal condition was constantly performed at 63oC for 1 hour. The product was directly visualized by naked eye and confirmed with agarose gel eletrophoresis. LAMP assay is more sensitive than traditional PCR, since LAMP was able to detect the least 10 spores/ml while PCR needs 100 spores/ml. In addition, the present novel LAMP primer set was specific only to N. bombycis proven by the negative results when other B. mori pathogen DNAs were tested. In conclusion, the LAMP assay demonstrated a great potential alternative method in diagnosis N. bombycis with high sensitivity, rapidity and accuracy which can apply for pebrine disease surveillance.

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P. P., Prasobhkumar, Aravind Venukumar, Francis C. R., and Sai Siva Gorthi. "Pebrine diagnosis using quantitative phase imaging and machine learning." Journal of Biophotonics 14, no. 8 (May 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202100044.

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Hukuhara, Tosihiko. "The epizootiology of pebrine, one of the great scourges of sericulture." Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 01, no. 01 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.35841/biochemistry-biotechnology.1.1.1-3.

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Hukuhara, Tosihiko. "The epizootiology of pebrine, one of the great scourges of sericulture." Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 01, no. 01 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.35841/biochemistry-biotechnology.1000102.

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"Die Pebrine des Schwammspinners und Goldafters, eine neue wirtschaftlich bedeutungsvolle Infektionskrankheit." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 12, no. 3 (August 26, 2009): 498–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1927.tb00288.x.

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Lejone, Thabo Ishmael, Mathebe Kopo, Nadine Bachmann, Jennifer Anne Brown, Tracy Renée Glass, Josephine Muhairwe, Tebatso Matsela, et al. "PEBRA trial – effect of a peer-educator coordinated preference-based ART service delivery model on viral suppression among adolescents and young adults living with HIV: protocol of a cluster-randomized clinical trial in rural Lesotho." BMC Public Health 20, no. 1 (March 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08535-6.

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