Relevant bibliographies by topics / Peat bog ecology Malaysia

Academic literature on the topic 'Peat bog ecology Malaysia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Peat bog ecology Malaysia"

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Müller-Dum, Denise, Thorsten Warneke, Tim Rixen, Moritz Müller, Antje Baum, Aliki Christodoulou, Joanne Oakes, Bradley D. Eyre, and Justus Notholt. "Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia." Biogeosciences 16, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-17-2019.

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Abstract. Tropical peat-draining rivers are known as potentially large sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere due to the high loads of carbon they receive from surrounding soils. However, not many seasonally resolved data are available, limiting our understanding of these systems. We report the first measurements of carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) in the Rajang River and Estuary, the longest river in Malaysia. The Rajang River catchment is characterized by extensive peat deposits found in the delta region, and by human impact such as logging, land use and river damming. pCO2 averaged 2540±189 µatm during the wet season and 2350±301 µatm during the dry season. Using three different parameterizations for the gas transfer velocity, calculated CO2 fluxes to the atmosphere were 1.5 (0.5–2.0) g C m−2 d−1 (mean, minimum – maximum) during the wet season and 1.7 (0.6–2.6) g C m−2 d−1 during the dry season. This is at the low end of reported values for Southeast Asian peat-draining rivers, but similar to values reported for Southeast Asian rivers that do not flow through peat deposits. In the Rajang River, peatlands probably do not contribute much to the CO2 flux due to the proximity of the peatlands to the coast, which limits the opportunity for degradation of organic C during transport. Thus, we suggest that peat coverage is, by itself, insufficient as the sole predictor of CO2 emissions from peat-draining rivers, and that other factors, like the spatial distribution of peat in the catchment and pH, also need to be considered.
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Chang, Yan, Moritz Müller, Ying Wu, Shan Jiang, Wan Wan Cao, Jian Guo Qu, Jing Ling Ren, et al. "Distribution and behaviour of dissolved selenium in tropical peatland-draining rivers and estuaries of Malaysia." Biogeosciences 17, no. 4 (February 28, 2020): 1133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1133-2020.

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Abstract. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for aquatic organisms. Despite its importance, our current knowledge of the biogeochemical cycling of dissolved Se in tropical estuaries is limited, especially in Southeast Asia. To gain insights into Se cycling in tropical peat-draining rivers and estuaries, samples were collected from the Rajang, Maludam, Sebuyau, Simunjan, Sematan, Samunsam and Lunda rivers and estuaries in western Sarawak, Malaysia, in March and September 2017 and analysed for various forms of Se (dissolved inorganic and organic). Mean total dissolved Se (TDSe), dissolved inorganic Se (DISe) and dissolved organic Se concentrations (DOSe) were 2.2 nmol L−1 (range: 0.7 to 5.7 nmol L−1), 0.18 nmol L−1 (range: less than the detection limit to 0.47 nmol L−1) and 2.0 nmol L−1 (range: 0.42 to 5.7 nmol L−1), respectively. In acidic, low-oxygen, organic-rich blackwater (peatland-draining) rivers, the concentrations of DISe were extremely low (near or below the detection limit, i.e. 0.0063 nmol L−1), whereas those of DOSe were high. In rivers and estuaries that drained peatland, DOSe ∕ TDSe ratios ranged from 0.67 to 0.99, showing that DOSe dominated. The positive relationship between DISe and salinity and the negative relationship between DOSe and salinity indicate marine and terrestrial origins of DISe and DOSe, respectively. The positive correlations of DOSe with the humification index and humic-like chromophoric dissolved organic matter components in freshwater river reaches suggest that peat soils are probably the main source of DOSe. The DOSe fractions may be associated with high molecular weight peatland-derived aromatic and black carbon compounds and may photodegrade to more bioavailable forms once transported to coastal waters. The TDSe flux delivered by the peat-draining rivers exceeded those reported for other small rivers and is quantitatively more significant than previously thought.
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Müller, D., T. Warneke, T. Rixen, M. Müller, S. Jamahari, N. Denis, A. Mujahid, and J. Notholt. "Lateral carbon fluxes and CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing from a tropical peat-draining river." Biogeosciences 12, no. 20 (October 21, 2015): 5967–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5967-2015.

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Abstract. Tropical peatlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle due to their immense carbon storage capacity. However, pristine peat swamp forests are vanishing due to deforestation and peatland degradation, especially in Southeast Asia. CO2 emissions associated with this land use change might not only come from the peat soil directly but also from peat-draining rivers. So far, though, this has been mere speculation, since there has been no data from undisturbed reference sites. We present the first combined assessment of lateral organic carbon fluxes and CO2 outgassing from an undisturbed tropical peat-draining river. Two sampling campaigns were undertaken on the Maludam River in Sarawak, Malaysia. The river catchment is covered by protected peat swamp forest, offering a unique opportunity to study a peat-draining river in its natural state, without any influence from tributaries with different characteristics. The two campaigns yielded consistent results. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations ranged between 3222 and 6218 μmol L−1 and accounted for more than 99 % of the total organic carbon (TOC). Radiocarbon dating revealed that the riverine DOC was of recent origin, suggesting that it derives from the top soil layers and surface runoff. We observed strong oxygen depletion, implying high rates of organic matter decomposition and consequently CO2 production. The measured median pCO2 was 7795 and 8400 μatm during the first and second campaign, respectively. Overall, we found that only 32 ± 19 % of the carbon was exported by CO2 evasion, while the rest was exported by discharge. CO2 outgassing seemed to be moderated by the short water residence time. Since most Southeast Asian peatlands are located at the coast, this is probably an important limiting factor for CO2 outgassing from most of its peat-draining rivers.
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Cook, Sarah, Mick J. Whelan, Chris D. Evans, Vincent Gauci, Mike Peacock, Mark H. Garnett, Lip Khoon Kho, Yit Arn Teh, and Susan E. Page. "Fluvial organic carbon fluxes from oil palm plantations on tropical peatland." Biogeosciences 15, no. 24 (December 21, 2018): 7435–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7435-2018.

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Abstract. Intact tropical peatlands are dense long-term stores of carbon. However, the future security of these ecosystems is at risk from land conversion and extensive peatland drainage. This can enhance peat oxidation and convert long-term carbon sinks into significant carbon sources. In Southeast Asia, the largest land use on peatland is for oil palm plantation agriculture. Here, we present the first annual estimate of exported fluvial organic carbon in the drainage waters of four peatland oil palm plantation areas in Sarawak, Malaysia. Total organic carbon (TOC) fluxes from the plantation second- and third-order drains were dominated (91 %) by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ranged from 34.4 ± 9.7 C m−2 yr−1 to 57.7 %, 16.3 g C m−2 yr−1 (± 95 % confidence interval). These fluxes represent a single-year survey which was strongly influenced by an El Ninõ event and therefore lower discharge than usual was observed. The magnitude of the flux was found to be influenced by water table depth, with higher TOC fluxes observed from more deeply drained sites. Radiocarbon dating on the DOC component indicated the presence of old (pre-1950s) carbon in all samples collected, with DOC at the most deeply drained site having a mean age of 735 years. Overall, our estimates suggest fluvial TOC contributes ∼ 5 % of total carbon losses from oil palm plantations on peat. Maintenance of high and stable water tables in oil palm plantations appears to be key to minimising TOC losses. This reinforces the importance of considering all carbon loss pathways, rather than just CO2 emissions from the peat surface, in studies of tropical peatland land conversion.
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Jarašius, Leonas, Dalytė Matulevičiūtė, Romas Pakalnis, Juratė Sendžikaitė, and Vaidotas Lygis. "Drainage Impact on Plant Cover and Hydrology of Aukštumala Raised Bog (Western Lithuania)." Botanica Lithuanica 20, no. 2 (February 2, 2015): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2014-0019.

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AbstractOne-third of the former Aukstumala raised bog (western Lithuania) has been preserved as Telmological Reserve since 1995, while the remaining territory is still under active industrial peat mining or are abandoned peat harvesting fields. The present study was carried out in 2013 and aimed to assess long-term human impact on the structure of plant cover and hydrology of Aukstumala raised bog. On the basis of vegetation assessment (Twinspan analysis), four habitat types were identified: i) active raised bog, ii) degraded raised bog drained by ditches, iii) contact zone of the bog and the peat mining fields and iv) recently burnt areas. The largest anthropogenic impact on vegetation cover was found in the degraded raised bog drained by the ditches and in the burnt area, where the proportion of plant species atypical to ombrotrophic raised bogs was the highest. Water electrical conductivity negatively correlated (r = -0.57) with bog water level, whereas correlation between pH and bog water level was weaker (r = -0.38). Water level in the active raised bog was significantly higher than in the rest three habitat types. Electrical conductivity values in the active raised bog were significantly lower compared to the degraded raised bog and burned area habitats. In order to recreate favourable conditions for peat accumulation and natural functioning of bog ecosystem, mean bog water level should be raised at least up to -32 cm (the optimum water level assigned for most of the typical ombrotrophic species fell into the range of -20 - -32 cm).
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Dyderski, Marcin K., Anna K. Gdula, and Andrzej M. Jagodziński. "Encroachment of woody species on a drained transitional peat bog in ‘Mszar Bogdaniec’ nature reserve (Western Poland)." Folia Forestalia Polonica 57, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2015-0016.

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Abstract One of the most important threats for open peat bog ecosystems is encroachment of woody species, which causes transformation of habitat conditions and leads to retreat of specialised species. Drainage increases the rate of succession. The aim of study is the assessment of human-accelerated succession in a transitional bog. The study was conducted in ‘Mszar Bogdaniec’ nature reserve (W Poland). The structure of vegetation and tree stands was described and compared using ordination methods. Near the peat bog border, tree stands of Betula pubescens developed. Towards the middle part of the peat bog, the number, cover and height of trees decreased. The central part of the peat bog was covered by Sphagno recurvi–Eriophoretum vaginati in dryer parts and Sphagno recurvi–Eriophoretum angustifolii in wetter parts. The study showed that the successional sequence in these conditions differs from the classical bog succession scheme. Despite high propagule pressure of Pinus sylvestris, the most important woody species was B. pubescens, which performed better than other species. Erechtites hieracifolia, an alien invasive herb species, which previously was rarely recorded in bogs, appeared when the bog was dried by drainage. In this study, it reached high frequency and abundance, which shows that it may be a next serious threat to disturbed wetland ecosystems.
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Regnell, O., and T. Hammar. "Coupling of methyl and total mercury in a minerotrophic peat bog in southeastern Sweden." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 2014–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-143.

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During most of an annual cycle, we studied the temporal variation of total mercury (HgT) and methyl mercury (MeHg) in unfiltered and filtered (0.45 µ) peat water from a minerotrophic peat bog in southeastern Sweden. MeHg in bulk water ([MeHgT]) and total Hg in filtered water in discharge water from the peat bog ([HgD]) were an order of magnitude higher than in upland runoff water entering the peat bog. At the discharge end, peat-water [HgD] and [MeHgD] ranged from 8 to 54 pmol·L–1 and from 1 to 32 pmol·L–1, respectively. Whereas the variation of [MeHgT] was explained by changes in [MeHgD], the variation of inorganic HgT [IHgT] = [HgT] – [MeHgT] was explained by changes in particle-bound IHg [IHgP] = [IHgT] – [IHgD]. Filterable organic matter and sulfide in the water both correlated poorly with [HgD]. Neither did the amount of HgT in precipitation and upland runoff water correlate well with the estimated discharge of HgD from the peat bog. However, there was a strong correlation between [HgD] and [MeHgT] in the peat water (r = 0.96). Furthermore, a significant fraction of HgD was MeHg (mean 28%; range 8–60%). These results suggest that methylation increased the mobility of Hg.
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Mazerolle, Marc J., Bruno Drolet, and André Desrochers. "Small-mammal responses to peat mining of southeastern Canadian bogs." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-202.

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Bogs, or ombrotrophic peatlands, are well represented in parts of southeastern Canada but are subjected to increasing pressure from the peat industry. We assessed the impact of peat mining on small mammals inhabiting unexploited bog fragments on the periphery of mined bogs. We conducted two separate studies in bogs mined to different levels (0-83%) in southeastern Québec and New Brunswick. The first study used a low sampling effort over 1 month in 26 bogs, while the second used a high sampling effort of 6 months spread across 2 years in 12 bogs. Of the 15 small-mammal species encountered, only 2 were bog specialists. Abundance and species richness of small mammals in bog fragments increased significantly with percentage of area mined and, in some cases, increased with bog area. Both studies suggest that disturbances resulting from peat mining facilitate the invasion of more generalized small-mammal species. Furthermore, small mammals were more abundant near forest or mined edges than at bog centers, and some species responded strongly to vegetation cover. The response of small mammals to peat mining contrasts with the one documented for birds, amphibians, and plants.
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9

Horn, Marcus A., Carola Matthies, Kirsten Küsel, Andreas Schramm, and Harold L. Drake. "Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenesis by Moderately Acid-Tolerant Methanogens of a Methane-Emitting Acidic Peat." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 1 (January 2003): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.1.74-83.2003.

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ABSTRACT The emission of methane (1.3 mmol of CH4 m−2 day−1), precursors of methanogenesis, and the methanogenic microorganisms of acidic bog peat (pH 4.4) from a moderately reduced forest site were investigated by in situ measurements, microcosm incubations, and cultivation methods, respectively. Bog peat produced CH4 (0.4 to 1.7 μmol g [dry wt] of soil−1 day−1) under anoxic conditions. At in situ pH, supplemental H2-CO2, ethanol, and 1-propanol all increased CH4 production rates while formate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate inhibited the production of CH4; methanol had no effect. H2-dependent acetogenesis occurred in H2-CO2-supplemented bog peat only after extended incubation periods. Nonsupplemented bog peat initially produced small amounts of H2 that were subsequently consumed. The accumulation of H2 was stimulated by ethanol and 1-propanol or by inhibiting methanogenesis with bromoethanesulfonate, and the consumption of ethanol was inhibited by large amounts of H2; these results collectively indicated that ethanol- or 1-propanol-utilizing bacteria were trophically associated with H2-utilizing methanogens. A total of 109 anaerobes and 107 hydrogenotrophic methanogens per g (dry weight) of bog peat were enumerated by cultivation techniques. A stable methanogenic enrichment was obtained with an acidic, H2-CO2-supplemented, fatty acid-enriched defined medium. CH4 production rates by the enrichment were similar at pH 4.5 and 6.5, and acetate inhibited methanogenesis at pH 4.5 but not at pH 6.5. A total of 27 different archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences indicative of Methanobacteriaceae, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanosarcinaceae were retrieved from the highest CH4-positive serial dilutions of bog peat and methanogenic enrichments. A total of 10 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were also retrieved from the same dilutions and enrichments and were indicative of bacteria that might be responsible for the production of H2 that could be used by hydrogenotrophic methanogens. These results indicated that in this acidic bog peat, (i) H2 is an important substrate for acid-tolerant methanogens, (ii) interspecies hydrogen transfer is involved in the degradation of organic carbon, (iii) the accumulation of protonated volatile fatty acids inhibits methanogenesis, and (iv) methanogenesis might be due to the activities of methanogens that are phylogenetic members of the Methanobacteriaceae, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanosarcinaceae.
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Turetsky, M. R., and R. K. Wieder. "A direct approach to quantifying organic matter lost as a result of peatland wildfire." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-170.

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We describe a direct approach to quantifying the amount of organic matter consumed in peatlands during a single fire event, based on differences in ash concentrations between burned peat at the surface of peat cores and underlying unburned peat. We collected six peat cores at each of two continental bog and two permafrost bog sites, 3 months after a March 1999 wildfire. Results suggest high within-site variation in the amount of organic matter burned, with no significant differences between the four peatland sites or between continental and permafrost bogs. Averaged across all sites, 2.2 ± 0.5 kg C·m–2 (mean ± SE, n = 24) of organic matter was consumed as a result of this single fire, a value consistent with those in the literature.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peat bog ecology Malaysia"

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Esson, Kaitlin Colleen. "Active methane oxidizing bacteria in a boreal peat bog ecosystem." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53076.

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Boreal peatlands are important ecosystems to the global carbon cycle. Although they cover only 3% of the earth's land surface area, boreal peatlands store roughly one third of the world's soil carbon. Peatlands also comprise a large natural source of methane emitted to the atmosphere. Some methane in peatlands is oxidized before escaping to the atmosphere by aerobic methane oxidizing bacteria. With changing climate conditions, the fate of the stored carbon and emitted methane from these systems is uncertain. One important step toward better understanding the effects of climate change on carbon cycling in peatlands is to ascertain the microorganisms actively involved in carbon cycling. To investigate the active aerobic methane oxidizing bacteria in a boreal peat bog, a combination of microcosm experiments, DNA-stable isotope probing, and next generation sequencing technologies were employed. Studies were conducted on samples from the S1 peat bog in the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF). Potential rates of methane oxidation were determined to be in the range of 13.85 to 17.26 μmol CH₄ g dwt⁻¹ d⁻¹. After incubating with ¹³C-CH₄, DNA was extracted from these samples, separated into heavy and light fractions with cesium chloride gradient formation by ultracentrifugation and needle fractionation, and fractions were fingerprinted with automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and further interrogated with qPCR. Based on ARISA, distinct banding patterns were observed in heavy fractions in comparison to the light fractions indicating an incorporation of ¹³C into the DNA of active methane oxidizers. This was further supported by a relative enrichment in the functional gene pmoA, which encodes a subunit of the particulate methane monooxygenase, in heavy fractions from samples incubated for fourteen days. Within heavy fractions for samples incubated for 8 and 14 days, the relative abundance of methanotrophs increased to 37% and 25%, respectively, from an in situ abundance of approximately 4%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the methanotrophic community was composed of both Alpha and Gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs of the genera Methylocystis, Methylomonas, and Methylovulum. Both Methylocystis and Methylomonas have been detected in peatlands before, however, none of the phylotypes in this study were closely related to any known cultivated members of these groups. These data are the first to implicate Methylovulum as an active methane oxidizer in peatlands, though this organism has been detected in another cold aquatic ecosystem with consistent methane emissions. The Methylovulum sequences from this study, like Methylocystis and Methylomonas, were not closely related to the only cultivated member of this genus. While Methylocystis was dominant in ¹³C-enriched fractions with a relative abundance of 30% of the microbial community after an eight-day incubation, Methylomonas became dominant with a relative abundance of approximately 16% after fourteen days of incubation. The relative abundance of Methylovulum was maintained at 2% in ¹³C- enriched fractions after eight and fourteen days.
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Cole, Lydia Eve Spencer. "Disturbance, recovery and resilience in tropical forests : a focus on the coastal peat swamp forests of Malaysian Borneo." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a135aff3-ea84-4766-8046-b3bb4ce31275.

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Tropical forests have existed for up to one hundred million years, and today provide many ecosystem services vital for human well-being. They also harbour great biodiversity, which, in addition to its intrinsic value, plays a key role in the functioning of these ecosystems. Despite their local to global significance, there are still many knowledge gaps concerning the dynamic processes that govern the functioning of tropical forests. Rapid rates of deforestation and landscape conversion, predominantly for logging and industrial agriculture, are limiting the time and opportunity available to collect the information needed to fill these gaps. This research aims to shed light on the long-term ecological functioning of tropical forests, specifically investigating the history of disturbance in these ecosystems and the response of forest vegetation to past perturbations. The carbon-rich tropical peat swamp forests found along the coast of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, are a central focus of this study. For these forests in particular, a large deficit of knowledge surrounding their history and unique ecological functioning is coupled with some of the highest conversion rates of all tropical forest ecosystems across the world. In this thesis, palaeoecological data has been used to reconstruct temporal variability in forest vegetation coincident with external perturbations in order to identify changes in the resilience of these ecosystems through time, via indicators such as slowing rates of recovery and reduced regeneration of forest vegetation. Results suggest that tropical forest ecosystems have, for the most part, shown resilience to natural disturbances in the past, ranging from instantaneous localised tree-fall to longer-term regional climatic change; but that recent anthropogenic disturbances, of novel forms and greater intensities, are jeopardizing the potential for forest recovery and thus compromising ecosystem resilience. These findings enhance our understanding of the ecology of tropical peat swamp forests, and tropical forests more broadly. They also provide a context for contemporary tropical forest management, allowing for predictions on future responses to disturbance and enabling more ecologically sustainable landscape planning.
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Books on the topic "Peat bog ecology Malaysia"

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O'Connell, Catherine. The living bog: Ecology slide pack. Dublin: Irish Peatland Conservation Council, 1997.

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Plackowski, Ryszard. Przemiany flory i roślinności wybranych torfowisk środkowej Polski. Poznań: Wydawn. Politechniki Poznańskiej, 2010.

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Gorokhova, V. V. Ėkosistemy bolot I︠A︡roslavskoĭ oblasti: Sostoi︠a︡nie i okhrana. I︠A︡roslavlʹ: I︠A︡roslavskiĭ gos. universitet, 2009.

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Grace, O'Donovan, and University College, Dublin. Environmental Institute., eds. The bogs of Ireland: An introduction to the natural, cultural and industrial heritage of Irish peatlands. Dublin: University College, Dublin, Environmental Institute, 1996.

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W, French Thomas, Duffy Walter G, and National Wetlands Research Center (U.S.), eds. The ecology of peat bogs of the glaciated northeastern United States: A community profile. Washington, D.C: National Wetlands Research Center, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1987.

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Mitchell, G. Frank. The great bog of Ardee. Dundalk: County Louth Archaeological and Historical Society, 1995.

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Council, Irish Peatland Conservation. Irish peatland conservation programme: The IPCC action plan 1989-1992. Dublin: Irish Peatland Conservation Council, 1989.

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Council, Irish Peatland Conservation. Irish Peatland Conservation Council policy statement & action plan, 1992-1997. Dublin: Irish Peatland Conservation Council, 1992.

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Council, Irish Peatland Conservation, Ireland Wildlife Service, Stichting tot Behoud van de Ierse Venen., and Natuur Museum Nijmegen, eds. The Wild beauty of bogs: Exhibition guide book. Dublin: Irish Peatland Conservation Council, 1990.

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Andreas, Grünig, and Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft., eds. Mires and man: Mire conservation in a densely populated country - the Swiss experience : excursion guide and symposium proceedings of the 5th Field Symposium of the International Mire Conservation Group (IMCG) to Switzerland 1992. Birmensdorf, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Peat bog ecology Malaysia"

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Ng, Peter K. L., J. B. Tay, and Kelvin K. P. Lim. "Diversity and conservation of blackwater fishes in Peninsular Malaysia, particularly in the North Selangor peat swamp forest." In Ecology and Conservation of Southeast Asian Marine and Freshwater Environments including Wetlands, 203–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0958-1_20.

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