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Academic literature on the topic 'Peasantry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Peasantry"

1

Eszik, Veronika. "Rural Reactions to Modernization: Anti-Modernist Features of the 1883 Anti-Hungarian Peasant Uprising in Croatia." Hungarian Historical Review 12, no. 1 (2023): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.38145/2023.1.37.

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In the post-Compromise Croatia–Slavonia (1868–1914) several peasant uprisings indicated a deep crisis in the rural world. Previous literature abundantly discussed the economic and social motives of these protests and interpreted the tensions as signs of the peasantry’s national awakening. In the present article, through a rereading of archival documents related to the 1883 protests, I draw attention to the perplexity of peasants when they should have identified national symbols. I argue, that the attitude of the peasants towards symbols turned against every kind of power symbol regardless of its link to a given nation. Adding a layer of nuance to the canonical explanations of peasant unrest allows us to draw attention to popular sensibilities to the ever-expanding state’s intrusion into rural areas and to the state’s modernizing interventions perceived as coercion. The ways in which the peasantry responded with hostility and violence to spaces, symbols, and figures associated with modernization make it very clear that modernization was seen by the peasantry as a potential danger (hence the anti-modernist epithet of the 1883 events). Thus, we should abandon the assumption that elite imaginations of modernity and modernization simply trickled down to the peasantry or that peasants accepted the teleology of modernization without criticism or anxiety. This article is also an attempt to read peasant rumors as historical sources independently of their truthfulness at the factual level, concentrating rather on what they tell us about the peasants’ fears and motivations and the strategies they used to cope with rapid changes in their lifeworld.

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Kuryshev, Igor V., and Andrey A. Lyubimov. "Sources on Social and Political Moods of Peasants of the Ishim District of the Ural Region in 1925?27: Materials of the District OGPU Department Reports." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2021): 418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-2-418-427.

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The article uses previously unstudied reports of the Ishim district OGPU department to describe social and political attitudes of various groups of peasantry in the palmy days of the New Economic Policy (1925–27). The study is to consider the influence of social rural stratification on peasants’ mindsets and the relationship between the authorities and the peasantry; to assess the political resources of the Ishim peasantry through the lens of the OGPU reports; and to show the intransigence in social interests of the rural poor and the kulaks. The authors assess political moods of peasant population as a whole and those of particular social groups: poor, middle peasants, and kulaks. Political moods of the peasantry differentiated with respect to the following criteria: attitude to the Soviet government and various groups and strata, attitude to agricultural tax, attitude to religion, and church, and also according to the degree of political consciousness. On the basis of this analysis, we put forward an idea of multidirectional, heterogeneous participation of peasant population in the political life of the second half of the 1920s and of its significant social differentiation. In general, in the rural areas, the Soviet government was unequivocally supported by the poor, who were to some degree influenced by the kulaks. The middle peasants were characterized by their changing attitude; they symptomatically juxtaposed Soviet government and communists. The rich peasants took an extremely negative position to the Soviet government and tried to exert pressure on the local authorities (i.e. village soviets). However, discontent with the New Economic Policy encompassed all strata of the peasantry. Persistent confrontation between peasants fighting each other in the Ishim anti-communist peasant uprising of 1921 did not weaken for quite a long time. In conclusion, it is noted that protests, social deviations, and negative stance on the New Economic Policy gradually intensified in the political behavior of the Ishim district peasantry. The OGPU reports are a representative source that permits to reconstruct the social and political attitudes of the Ishim region peasantry.

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Bhardwaj, Suraj Bhan. "Peasant-State Relation in Late Medieval North India (Mewat)." Medieval History Journal 20, no. 1 (March 24, 2017): 148–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945816687636.

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Studies on peasantry in medieval India 1 , particularly peasant protests in the late Mughal period, have not adequately addressed the issue of class consciousness in peasantry or that of class character of peasant protests against the state. In a way, agency has been denied to the peasantry in collectively developing and articulating an informed understanding of its distinct social position and economic interests as a class, as well as in protecting those interests. This essay retrieves this agency by arguing that the peasantry in late medieval north India, that is, late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries ce, did develop a degree of self-consciousness as a class and that its conflict with the state did betray a certain class character. The folksongs and folktales popular among the peasantry since the medieval times have all the ingredients with which to construct a definite peasant class ideology that included conceptions of economic interest, social ethics and relation with the ruling class. On the basis of hitherto understudied Rajasthani documents, the article details the various ways in which the state intervened in the peasants’ socio-cultural and economic lives and the ways in which the peasants responded to these interventions. It also shows how the peasants’ class consciousness conditioned their engagement with the state in specific areas, whether grievance redressal, conflict resolution or agricultural production and surplus distribution. Furthermore, it discusses how caste consciousness in a stratified peasant society impinged on its class consciousness. However, there remained certain limits to the fuller development of this class consciousness, which ultimately constrained the fuller realisation of the potential of peasants’ class struggle against the state. The essay locates these limits in the peasants’ periodic negotiations with the state and their belief in the ideal of a non-conflictual, harmonious relation with the state.

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4

Pasichna, Yulia, and Andriy Berestovyi. "Social and Political Activity of Peasantry in 1905-1907." Eminak, no. 4(32) (January 13, 2021): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33782/eminak2020.4(32).473.

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By the beginning of 1905, a crisis was impending in all spheres of Russian society. Agrarian problems caused by objective and subjective factors prompted the peasantry to declare their principled positions on solving agrarian problems. The period of 1905-1907 is a vivid example of the struggle of the driving independent force of the revolution, the peasantry, for carrying out an agrarian revolution. Goal: To study the social and political activity of the Russian peasantry in 1905-1907. During 1905-1907, Russia was unsettled by a tide of the social and political activity of the peasantry. The protests, which began in Poltava and Kharkiv Provinces, spread throughout the state and in a short time became uncontrollable by the authorities. Scholars give different figures for the total number of peasant unrests, but despite these differences, it is not difficult to determine that during 1905-1907 peasant unrests covered up to 50% of all European Russia in different periods of peasants� revolutionary activity. Manifestations of the social and political activity of the peasantry can be observed in early 1905 in the spontaneous seizure of landowners� estates, later the peasants started to pillage, plunder, damage agricultural implements, go on strikes, and cut down forests without permission. The manifestations of early 1905 did not become a novelty for Russian society, but 1905 � 1907 were a test for the power structures of the state. After all, the peasantry, although they still �believed in the tsar�, reacted to the unsystematic actions of the power in solving agrarian problems by radical actions and the large-scale protests.

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Frolov, Vitalij. "Protest sentiments of the Russian peasantry at the beginning of the XX century as a factor of destructive influence on the stable development of society." Metamorphoses of history, no. 32 (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s241436770029520-2.

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The article is devoted to a protest sentiment of Russian peasants as one of the problems of society in Russian Empire at the beginning of XX century. The Russian peasantry influenced the path of development of the country objectively as being the majority of the population of Russia. The protest sentiments of the Russian peasants were one of the important elements that influenced the destructive processes in the Russian Empire. The article draws attention to the motivation of the peasant protest and raises the question of the historical responsibility of the peasantry for the revolutionary events of 1917. The authors noted that the traditions of communalism, collective ownership of land, a “moral” rather than a market economy, and the rejection of individualism among peasants were in conflict with the modernization processes that began in post-reform Russia, based on opposing values. In the 1880–1890s an unprecedented industrial boom begins and, as a result, a significant numerical reduction of the peasantry due to the city’s need for labor and the mechanization of agricultural labor. The peasant community also had to become an inevitable victim of the modernization process. The authors concluded, that disruption of the centuries-old way of life became a natural source of protest reaction from the peasantry beginning at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries. Stolypin's government briefly restored stability in the country. The Great War aggravated the existing problems and the protest of the peasants destroyed the old society.

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McDonald, Tracy. "Judith Pallot, ed., Transforming Peasants: Society, State, and the Peasantry, 1861–1930. Selected Papers from the Fifth World Congress of Central and East European Studies, Warsaw, 1995. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998. 1 + 256 pp. $69.95 cloth." International Labor and Working-Class History 57 (April 2000): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900262807.

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Transforming Peasants is a collection of papers that focuses primarily on the Russian peasantry between 1861–1930, with brief forays into Poland, the Kirgiz steppe, and Turkestan. Judith Pallot's introduction to the volume is informative and concise. She provides the reader with an excellent overview of each paper and highlights each author's contribution to the existing debates within the context of Russian and East European peasant studies. Pallot is well versed in the comparative literature on the study of the peasantry and notes the degree to which new work on the Russian, Central Asian, and East European peasantries has been influenced, informed, and expanded by this comparative material. What unifies the various selections in Transforming Peasants is that each author is grappling with the way in which the state, intellectuals, or educated society conceived of or “imagined” peasants and how these conceptions, in turn, influenced, shaped, or determined policy aimed at transforming the peasantry.

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Kovalenko, Tetiana, and Elina Pozniak. "Legal Regulation of the Preservation of the Culture of Ukrainian Peasantry: Current Situation and Prospects for Improvement." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.1.2020.51.

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This article investigates the current state of legal regulation of preserving the culture of Ukrainian peasantry as a carrier of Ukrainian identity, culture and spirituality of the nation. The necessity to revive and preserve the peasant as a landlord, bearer of morality and national culture is reflected in the scientific approaches of legal scholars in the field of agrarian, land and environmental law of Ukraine. In the process of analysis of a number of sources of agrarian, land, environmental law, normative legal acts of a programmatic nature, the existence of significant legal defects in the specified field was revealed (declarative nature of legal provisions, legal gaps, lack of complexity of legal regulation, inefficiency of legal norms). As a result, degradation of the spiritual, environmental, legal culture of the peasants occurs. The authors found that the effectiveness of a number of legal acts, aimed at the legal regulation of the culture of Ukrainian peasantry, the social development of the village and the revival of social cultural and material infrastructure, is low. The measures identified in them to overcome the crisis in the social sphere of the village have practically no proper mechanisms of implementation. In view of this, the authors substantiate ways to improve the legal regulation for the preservation of the culture of Ukrainian peasantry. The key to preserving the peasantry as a carrier of the national culture of Ukrainian people, according to the authors, is a integrated solution to the peasant's social problems. This direction of state policy should be implemented through organizational, legal and socio-economic measures aimed at ensuring employment and reducing unemployment, expanding the network of cultural institutions in the countryside, improving the level of education of rural youth, the development of environmental awareness, education, legal and advisory activities. Increasing the standard of living and life of Ukrainian peasantry, the authors associate with the need for its financial and economic support with the use of funds from the State and local budgets for the implementation of cultural and educational activities in the countryside, leisure activities with the promotion of agricultural producers. An important guarantee of preserving the culture of Ukrainian peasantry is to increase the legal responsibility of officials of state authorities and local self-government for making decisions that limit or violate peasants' rights.

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Khoteev, Aleksey. "The Peasant Guard in Belorussian and Lithuanian Provinces as a Form of Pro-government Activity of Villagers in 1863–1864." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 3 (October 15, 2023): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2023-0-3-117-136.

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There uprising of 1863–1864 in Belorussia and Lithuania had the following effects on the population: part of the peasants took the side of the rebels, but most of the peasantry supported the government. The peasant guard became an active form of pro-government views expression. At the initial stage the guard appeared spontaneously, but already in spring of 1863 it was well-organized. In the course of struggle against rebels the peasant guard functioned as support military forces, carried guard duties, conducted searches and arrests of suspicious persons. The guard was mostly formed on a voluntary basis. The peasantry regiment proved quite effective at strengthening the Russian power and made an important contribution to the suppression of the uprising.

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Fareniy, Igor. "Conception of the “Peasant Revolution in 1917” by Andrii Shestakov (about forgotten scientific achievements and the disputability of modern achievements)." Kyiv Historical Studies 16, no. 1 (2023): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2023.14.

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The famous historian of agrarian history Andrii Shestakov in the 1920s in his scholarly studies as to 1917 in Russia used the term "peasant revolution". In such a situation, the modern scientific school of V. Danilov came up with the concept of the peasant revolution of the early twentieth century which he presents as the latest achievement of historical science. Due to this situation, the question arises about the primacy in the formation of the concept of peasant revolution. The aim of the article is presented to expose Andrii Shestakov's interpretation of the term "peasant revolution" and to show its relation to the modern concept of V. Danilov and his supporters. Andrii Shestakov regarded the revolutionary struggle of the peasantry in 1917 as an independent socio-political phenomenon. It took place in several stages. At first, it was relatively peaceful, hoping for a solution to the agrarian issue by the authorities. From March to May, the peasants actively appealed to various instances. They rarely resorted to radical action. In May – July 1917, the peasant movement became more organised. Its representatives were the executive committees of the parish and the land committees. In August – October peaceful methods of struggle were replaced by the peasantry force measures to seize landlords. From the end of October 1917 the revolutionary struggle of the peasantry merged into one stream with the revolutionary struggle of the workers, which led to the victory of the revolution. At the end of 1917 – in the beginning of 1918 there was a liquidation of the landed land ownership and transfer to the peasantry on the basis of the Soviet power legislation. Andrii Shestakov pointed to the low level of political parties` influence, as well as the revolutionary authorities and other institutions on the actions of the peasantry. Rural communities were the real organizer and leader of the revolutionary struggle of the peasantry. Andrii Shestakov considered the peasant revolution of 1917 to be victorious, and defined its character as bourgeois-democratic. As a result of this revolution, peasant land use per capita increased, on average, from 1¾ to 2¼ people. It is positively impacts on the peasant economy and the transfer of landlord inventory. As a result of the research, Andrii Shestakov's understanding of the concept "peasant revolution" is revealed, and thus shows the true origins of the concept of peasant revolution. The modern scientific school of the peasant revolution actually has its authoritative predecessors. In the 1920s, the concept of the peasant revolution was developed by Andrii Shestakov. According to the Shestakov`s concept the peasantry in the conditions of the revolutionary struggle of 1917 acted as an autonomous socio-political force. In its political behavior, it was beyond the control of political parties and urban social strata, and manifested a capacity for self-organization. The withdrawal from the scientific and cognitive use and forgetting the concept of the peasant revolution of 1917 came under pressure from the socio-political situation in the USSR. The consequences of this are tangible even in today's context, and still most historians do not see in the peasantry the self-sufficient power of revolutionary change. The conceptual similarity of Andrii Shestakov vision of the revolutionary struggle in 1917 and the modern scientific school of the peasant revolution indicates that the creative heritage of the scientist can be synthesized with modern methodological tools of historical science.

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Klír, Tomáš. "Local Migration of Peasants in the Late Middle Ages: a Quantitative Analysis of the Cheb City-State 1442–1456." Journal of Migration History 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 191–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-08020004.

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Abstract Many scholars have proved statistically that the migration of the Early Modern European peasantry was predominantly local and socially conditioned. This article tries to expand our quantified knowledge of the Late Medieval period using the unique documentary evidence from the Cheb city-state (Czech Republic). Based on a detailed analysis, we show that the migration pattern of the Late Medieval Cheb peasantry was similar to the Early Modern one despite very different demographic, economic and social conditions. The strength of the ties to the land increased with wealth; the better the property often among rural landholdings, gaining a better position. The wealthier the peasants status of the household, the lower the rate of replacement on the landholding. Poorer peasants migrated relatively more to the city, where they were among the wealthier burghers. Even though peasant migration took place over short distances, it brought about fundamental changes for many peasants.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peasantry"

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Day, Alexander F. "Return of the peasant : history, politics and the peasantry in postsocialist China /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Lindemann, Carmen Suzana Fontes. ""Landless peasant" activism in Brazil : fighting for social inclusion though land reform /." Connect to thesis, 2010. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/8495.

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Tan, Graham Kee Lee. "Peasant action and village social organisation : the peasantry of right bank Ukraine during the revolution 1917-1923." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299920.

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Salim, Tamari. "The dislocation and reconstitution of Peasantry." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510045.

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The war of 1948 has had a major dislocating impact on the various institutions of Palestinian society. This study attempts to examine the consequences of this dislocation on the agrarian regime in two ecological zones of central Palestine: the dry farming regions in the highlands of the West Bank, and the intensive farming areas of the Western Valley of the Jordan. Explanations are provided for the persistence and even prosperity of peasant communities which have undergone a process of protracted 'de-peasantisation' in areas of marginal and marginalized dry farming. Variables of landlessness, wage labour, tenancy forms, and population movements are utilized to interpret current trends in Palestinian rural society in the light of four village case studies. Particular attention is directed towards the consolidation of a stratum of peasant-workers and their future in the context of Israeli annexation of Arab land, and integration of the Palestinian labour force into the Israeli economy. At a different level of analysis,. the study examines the manner in which the dispossessed peasants of coastal Palestine re-constituted themselves in a new rural economy under conditions of intensified agriculture and capitalization of farm inputs in a process identified here as 're-peasantisation'. In this context, the thesis discusses the decline of patrimonial relations and the subjugation of peasants to relations of dependency under the new agricultural technology. Finally, changes in the social economy of Palestinian villages are compared to features of rural transformation in Europe and the third world today

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Sorie, K. K. I. "Transformation of Liberian peasantry under peripheral capitalism." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382757.

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Safarik, Bradley. "Strategic abandon : Angolan peasantry under MPLA domination." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0338.

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Le passé colonial a longtemps servi comme guide pour le gouvernement angolais et sa vision de réimaginer les espaces futurs dans la périphérie. Cependant, une confluence d’influences historiques et d’intérêts politiques a entravé la revitalisation du secteur au détriment de la production agricole et des angolais ruraux. Avec le secteur agricole comme toile de fond, nous essayons de montrer comment le modèle illibéral de la reconstruction de l’état a profité de sa présence ‘socialiste’ prolongée dans l’économie rurale pour retarder le développement des initiatives économiques indépendantes, a privé la paysannerie des ressources publiques, et a investi significativement dans des parties segmentées où le contrôle des ressources reste dans les flux d’influence des élites. Cette stratégie a effectivement abandonné une grande partie des populations rurales, bien que le monopole sur le pouvoir de la distribution des ressources se soit affaibli avec l’arrivée des acteurs non-étatiques dans la campagne. Ce nouvel élément a permis le renforcement de la capacité de pouvoir d’agir (agency) endogène rural, exemplifié par la formation de Rede Terra et sa campagne nationale pour influencer la dernière loi de la terre. La domination via l’abandon s’avère une stratégie efficace pour imposer son autorité où elle est la plus faible. Cependant, une intention véritable de diversification économique exigerait une approche plus populaire. Il reste à savoir si le gouvernement est disposé à renoncer à sa stratégie de domination
Angola’s colonial past has served as a symbolic lodestar for the government’s plans reimagining the future spaces of the countryside. However, a confluence of historical influences and partisan political aims has weighed heavy on the plans behind revitalizing the sector to the detriment of agricultural production and rural Angolans alike. With the agricultural sector as its backdrop, we attempt to expose how the government’s illiberal peacebuilding model has intentionally used its prolonged ‘socialist’ presence in the rural economy to stunt private economic initiatives, deprived its peripheral populations of public resources, and only significantly invested in segmented areas where resource control remained within elite channels of influence. This strategy effectively abandoned large swathes of rural communities, though the monopoly hold on the power of resource distribution was broken down with the arrival of Non-State Actors in the countryside. The entrance of this new element allowed for the strengthening of the capacity of endogenous rural agency, exemplified by the formation of Rede Terra and its national campaign to influence the latest land law. Domination through abandon has proven an effective strategy of imposing its authority where it remains the weakest, though any real attempt at economic diversification would require a more popular approach. It remains to be seen whether the government is willing to renounce its strategy of domination
O passado colonial angolano tem servido como uma estrela guiada pelo governo em sua reimaginação de espaços futuros na periferia. Entretanto, uma confluência de influências históricas e de alvos políticos pesou nos planos da revitalização do sector económico em detrimento da produção agrícola e das populações rurais. Tendo o sector agrícola como pano de fundo, tentamos, na nossa pesquisa, explicar como o modelo iliberal de reconstrução do país se tem aproveitado da presença ‘socialista’ estendida pelo governo na economia rural, a fim de tolher as iniciativas econômicas particulares, privando as populações de recursos públicos, investindo significativamente só em áreas segmentadas onde o controlo dos recursos permaneceram dentro de canais de influência das elites. Essa estratégia, efetivamente, abandonou grandes partes das comunidades rurais. Embora, o monopólio sobre o poder da distribuição de recursos se tenha fragilizado com a chegada dos atores não-estatais nas periferias. A presença desse novo elemento permitiu o fortalecimento da capacidade endógena da ação (agency) rural, exemplificado na formação da Rede Terra e sua campanha nacional mobilizada em torno da nova lei de terras. A dominação pelo abandono se revelou uma estratégia eficaz na imposição de sua autoridade onde ela permaneceu a mais fraca, porém qualquer tentativa genuína de diversificação económica requereria uma abordagem mais popular. A questão que fica é se o governo está preparado à renunciar sua estratégia de dominação

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Talbot, Mandy. "Farm tourisn in Wales : a new peasantry perspective." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.704557.

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This PhD examines farm tourism in Wales, a marginal area for farming which is, at the same time, popular for tourism due to its high quality natural environment. This is a timely study as it is now over two decades since farm tourism was promoted through rural development policies as a way to support the farm household and revitalise rural economies. In the intervening years farm tourism has evolved and become a professional sector. It is therefore important to understand how the farm tourism sector has developed, and the impact that farm tourism has had on the farm household and wider rural economy. To date, there has been limited research in these areas. This PhD addresses these gaps. The study contributes to theory by examining farm tourism from Ploeg?s (2008) new peasantry perspective. It examines how peasant farming principles apply in the context of farm tourism development and operation in the early twenty-first century. The premise of the study is that the new peasantry?s struggle for increased autonomy is achieved through the development of their resource base. The literature review compares Ploeg?s (2008) new peasantry theory to other approaches examining farm development, most notably entrepreneurship. It outlines why the new peasantry is the most suitable theoretical approach to examining farm tourism. Ploeg?s (2008) theoretical framework is then adapted in order to specifically examine farm tourism. The research profiles the new peasantry in the context of farm tourism and finds that there are three significantly different groups operating farm tourism which benefit from it in different ways. These groups include diversifying farmers on larger and smaller farms, and lifestyle movers. The research identifies the resources that farm tourism operators have drawn upon in creating their farm tourism products. This provides an understanding of what the modern, multifunctional farm tourism product is, and in doing so broadens the definition of farm tourism. The research identifies four broad approaches taken to develop the farm tourism business facilities. These were based on whether the development approach followed, characterised peasant or capitalist behaviour, and whether or not growth was pursued. The research briefly examines market relationships, and finds that following a collaborative approach improves levels of trade. Finally, the research finds that, for the majority of operators, farm tourism has benefitted the farm household. The vast majority of operators report that farm tourism has been successful in achieving their overall goals, and that they plan to continue with farm tourism in the future. This suggests that farm tourism in Wales is a viable long term strategy. The research also finds that those taking advantage of farm tourism opportunities in the twenty-first century are those in a more favourable financial position. From a policy perspective, findings show that rural development support has played a key role in assisting farm tourism business start-up and growth. However, grants are only available to those who already have access to financial resources and do little to support the struggling farmer. At the same time policy challenges hinder the farm tourism sector in Wales, preventing it from achieving its full potential. Recommendations have been made to address these issues. The adapted new peasantry framework has proved suitable and has provided new insights into farm tourism. The framework examines farm tourism development as a process, and provides an understanding of how operators? contexts will affect their progression through the framework and the degrees of peasant or capitalist behaviour that they exhibit. When applying the model, it is also important to recognise how policy influences the development of farm tourism. Therefore, the application of the model would need to factor in the specific policy environment of the study location.

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Gray, R. W. B. "Land reform and the Hungarian peasantry, c.1700-1848." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19321/.

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This thesis examines the nature of lord-peasant relations in the final stages of Hungarian seigneurialism, dating roughly from 1700 to the emancipation of the peasantry in 1848. It investigates how the terms of the peasants’ relations with their lords, especially their obligations and the rights to the land they farmed, were established, both through written law and by customary practice. It also examines how the reforms of this period sought to redefine lord-peasant relations and rights to landed property. Under Maria Theresa land reform had been a means to protect the rural status quo and the livelihood of the peasantry: by the end of the 1840s it had become an integral part of a liberal reform movement aiming at the complete overhaul of Hungary’s ‘feudal’ social and economic system. In this period the status of the peasantry underpinned all attempts at reform. All reforms were claimed to be in the best interests of the peasantry, yet none stemmed from the peasants themselves. Conversely, the peasantry had means to voice their grievances through petitions and recourse to the courts, and took the opportunity provided by the reforms to reassert their rights and renegotiate the terms of their relations to their landlords. By examining the petitions, court cases, and negotiations between lords and peasants, the thesis examines how far peasant needs and expectations were understood by those enacting the reforms, and whether these were met by the new laws. In doing so, the thesis investigates how peasant rights to the land were established, challenged or undermined and how the peasants reacted to the changes imposed upon them as Hungarian seigneurialism was dismantled in the years before 1848.

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Håkansson, Jakob. "The Peasant Imagined : Social Imaginary and Social Order in Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Century Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-322560.

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The purpose of this thesis is to illuminate how the Swedish peasantry was perceived by the Swedish Burgher, Clerical, and Noble Estates during the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. By studying the Diet protocols of each Estate from three Diets, and by applying the concept of social imaginary, it considers what a peasant was perceived to be, who was perceived to be a peasant, and how these perceptions changed. The period under investigation is a time when the orders of society began to change and the peasantry underwent a process of radicalization. It is also a time when the way people perceived themselves changed, from a perception of “the self” heavily influenced by the collective, to a more individualistic one. These circumstances made the Estates question the traditional ideal of what a peasant was, re-writing the social script of the peasantry to include new attributes, duties, and virtues than it did a century earlier. Three main categories are used and aims at exploring the peasantry’s perceived social dignity, political role, and economic function, each representing its respective order in estate society. The study has shown how the Estates perceived peasants to be simple, uneducated, and foolish in the early stages of the Age of Liberty (1718–1772), and that the social dignity of a peasant was fundamental in conceptualizing what and who a peasant was. This changed towards the end of the century and became much more diverse and complex during the early nineteenth century. By the early 1820’s, the Noble and Clerical Estates perceived them as competent, responsible, and as being capable of betterment and upward mobility in a spiritual and worldly sense. The Burgher Estate perceived them as self-righteous, rustic, and intrusive as they had begun to invade their cities, steeling their livelihood, and thus threatening their entire existence as an estate. The economic transformations of the period also proved how the economic function of the peasantry was now to a larger degree emphasized as the determinative factor of what social dignity and political role they should have.

The author has changed name to Jakob Starlander.

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Jones, J. "The peasantry, the party and the state in Guine-Bissau." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234385.

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Books on the topic "Peasantry"

1

Sen, Sunil Kumar. Bhāratera kr̥shaka āndolana, 1855-1975. Kalikātā: Cyāṭārjī Pābaliśāra, 1990.

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Neveux, Hugues. Les révoltes paysannes en Europe (XIVe-XVIIe siècle). Paris: A. Michel, 1997.

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Telit͡syn, V. L. Krestʹi͡anskiĭ bunt: 1917-1921 gg. Moskva: MPGU, 2001.

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Vi, Kuññikr̥ṣṇan Vi. Kēraḷīyanuṃ karṣakapr̲asthānavuṃ. Tiruvanantapuraṃ: Cinta Pabḷiṣēl̲s, 1996.

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Adas, Michael. State, market, and peasant in colonial south and southeast Asia. Aldershot, Hampshire, Great Britain: Ashgate, 1998.

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Rösener, Werner. The peasantry of Europe. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1994.

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Moon, David. The Russian peasantry: The world the peasants made. New York: Addison-Wesley, 1999.

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Padmo, Sugijanto. Landreform dan gerakan protes petani Klaten, 1959-1965. Yogyakarta: Media Pressindo bekerjasama dengan Konsorsium Pembaruan Agraria (KPA), 2000.

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Kuññampu, E. Vi. Kayyūruṃ Kariveḷḷūruṃ. Tiruvanantapuraṃ: Cinta Pabliṣēl̲s, 1986.

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Notoji, Sadao. Maboroshi no gimin Takematsu Sōroku no shōgai: Edo jidai no kikin to hyakushō ikki o kaerimite. Yonago-shi: Tachibana Shoin, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Peasantry"

1

Fogel, Ramón. "The Peasantry." In The Transition to Democracy in Paraguay, 97–105. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25767-6_7.

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Elson, R. E. "An Embryonic Peasantry." In The End of the Peasantry in Southeast Asia, 1–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25457-6_1.

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Moreno-Vera, Juan Ramón, and José Monteagudo-Fernández. "Bourgeoisie and peasantry." In Re-imagining the Teaching of European History, 112–24. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003289470-11.

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Hughes, James. "Capturing the Peasantry." In Stalinism in a Russian Province, 7–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230379985_2.

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Himka, John-Paul. "The Awakening Peasantry." In Galician Villagers and the Ukrainian National Movement in the Nineteenth Century, 143–215. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19386-8_4.

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Harrison, Mark. "The Peasantry and Industrialisation." In From Tsarism to the New Economic Policy, 104–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09933-7_6.

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Figueroa, Adolfo. "Hobsbawm’s Question on Peasantry." In The Quality of Society, Volume II, 55–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79565-8_4.

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Watters, R. F. "Mobilisation of the Peasantry." In Poverty and Peasantry in Peru’s Southern Andes, 1963–90, 244–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12319-3_15.

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Watters, R. F. "Approaches to the Peasantry." In Poverty and Peasantry in Peru’s Southern Andes, 1963–90, 11–25. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12319-3_2.

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Vaporis, Constantine Nomikos. "Loans Among the Peasantry." In Voices of Early Modern Japan, 133–35. Other titles: contemporary accounts of daily life during the age of the Shoguns Description: 2nd edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003005292-33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Peasantry"

1

Кудінов, Д. В. "ЗМІНИ В ІДЕОЛОГІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО СЕЛЯНСТВА ПІД ЧАС ПЕРШОЇ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ РЕВОЛЮЦІЇ: АНАЛІЗ МЕМУАРНОЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ." In Proceedings of the XXIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25112020/7246.

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The author emphasizes the importance of memoirs for the study of psychology and ideological views of the Ukrainian peasantry, which made the bulk of the population, whose support the representatives of the pro-government and opposition forces fought for. It is stated, that, on the one hand, monarchical views were preserved and, on the other hand, their synthesis with new ideas inspired by the "city" took place. Moreover, the emergence of a young generation of politically active peasants, agrarian leaders, deprived of illusions about the old regime is pointed to. It is proved that the peasants as a whole unanimously advocated the ideals of "land and freedom", while the dominant, regardless of land use forms, remained the idea of land nationalization, which coincided with the religious worldview of farmers: "the land is no one’s – it’s God's". It is underlined, that a number of memoirs authors held an opinion that in those areas where the ideological breaking point had already taken place, the peasantry willingly accepted political agitation, joining the activities of antigovernment organizations.

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Siscanu, Ion. "Kulakism in the Moldovian SSR: myth and reality." In Latinitate, Romanitate, Românitate. Conferinţa ştiinţifică internaţională, Ediția a 7-a. Moldova State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/lrr2023.33.

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The term “kulak” emerged in the Tsarist Russia’s villages before 1861 reform. A “kulak” was the peasant who got wealthy by enslaving fellow peasants and who held the entire peasant community “in his fist”, i.e. dependent on him. During 1918-1920, in Bolshevik Russia, against the background of the “war communism”, this social category had disappeared. In the period of late 1920s, in the USSR, any well-to-do household could be labelled as a Kulak’s property. In 1930, the Soviet administration elaborated “The Kulak’s household criteria”. In the Moldavian SSR, although there was a lack of indicators any existence of Kulak’s households, similar to those in the USSR, the authorities took up the issue of fighting Kulakism immediately after the occupation of Bessarabia. “The policy of terminating Kulakism as a class” and the repressions were mainly directed against the broad stratum of the peasantry. The main criterion for the assessment of “kulak” households had a political character, elaborated by the structures of the Bolshevik Party and, above all, by the Ministry of State Security of the Moldavian SSR.

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Бирюкова, Анастасия Михайловна. "THE DEPARTURE OF PEASANTS TO WORK IN MOSCOW AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY." In Наука. Исследования. Практика: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июнь 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/srp297.2021.95.91.006.

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В данной статье рассмотрены основные причины отхода крестьян столичной губернии в начале XX века на заработки в город. Автор показывает особенности социально-экономического положение подмосковного крестьянства в указанный период. This article examines the main reasons for the departure of the peasants of the capital province at the beginning of the 20th century to work in the city. The author shows the features of the socio-economic situation of the peasantry near Moscow in the specified period.

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Бирюкова, Анастасия Михайловна. "LEGAL REGULATION OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY OF THE MOSCOW REGION PEASANTRY IN THE POST-REFORM PERIOD." In Высокие технологии и инновации в науке: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Май 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/vt185.2020.39.61.039.

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В данной статье рассмотрены основные нормативно-правовые акты российского государства в отношении крестьян столичной губернии в конце XIX - начале XX вв. Автор показывает влияние этих документов на социально-экономическое положение подмосковного крестьянства в указанный период. This article touches upon the main regulatory legal Russian acts in relation to the peasants of the capital province in the late XIX - early XX centuries. The author shows the influence of these documents on the socio-economic situation of the peasantry near Moscow during the period.

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Xing, Hongmei, Yanming Cheng, and Hua Yang. "Beauty of Tess’ Virtue—Daughter of Peasantry." In International Conference on Education, Management and Computing Technology (ICEMCT-15). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemct-15.2015.261.

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Semenova, Elena. "UNCONVENTIONAL FORMS OF THE PEASANT STRUGGLE IN THE FOREST SPHERE IN THE 19th - EARLY XX CENTURIES." In EXPONENTS OF SOCIAL AGGRESSION: GENERAL HUMANITARIAN DISCOURSES. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/esaghd2022_23-30.

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Abstract: the article discusses various forms of struggle between the peasantry and the authorities in the forest sector: illegal logging and arson of forests, armed clashes with forest guards, uprisings. An analysis of the causes of these actions and their characteristics are given.

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Komleva, Evgenia V. "Ego-texts from the Personal Fond of the Kyakhta Merchant M.F. Nemchinov in the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia: Composition and Prospects of Study." In Торговля, купечество и таможенное дело в России в XVI–XX веках. ИПЦ НГУ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/tktdr-35-2023-26.

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The article presents the characteristics of ego-documents from the located in the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia personal fond of the Kyakhta merchant of the second half of the 19th century Mikhail Fedorovich Nemchinov. Among the surviving manuscripts are autobiographical notes, personal and business correspondence. All these sources together form a voluminous merchant family archive, which in itself is quite a rare phenomenon. The texts contain information about the advancement of the social ladder of a native of the peasantry, later the merchant of the 1st guild, upbringing in peasant and merchant families of the 19th century, the realities of the daily life of Russian tea merchants in Kyakhta and Qing empire. If the information from the autobiography of M. F. Nemchinov has already appeared in historiography, then the correspondence materials mostly still remain unknown and not studied. Meanwhile, the appeal to them can significantly complement the existing ideas about everyday life and trading operations of Russian merchants linked with tea trade.

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Sheksheev, Alexander P. "Soviet Power and the Siberian Peasantry: Relations in Winter–Summer 1920." In The Civil War in Russia: Exit Problems, Historical Consequences, Lessons for Modernity. Novosibirsk: Parallel, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/978-5-98901-255-8-193-209.

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Мистрюгов, П. А. "SOURCES FOR STUDYING PEASANT PROTEST IN SAMARA PROVINCE IN 1918–1922." In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/mcu.2021.34.97.029.

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В статье рассмотрены документальные материалы по истории протестной активности кре-стьянства в Самарской губернии. Выявленные документы относятся к деятельности чрезвычайных структур советской власти, задействованных в деле ограничения протестов, принимавших различ-ные формы. Автор обращается к опубликованным сборникам документов и источникам, извле-ченным из центральных (Государственный архив Российской Федерации, Российский государст-венный военный архив, Российский государственный архив социально-политической истории, Центральный архив ФСБ России) и региональных (Центральный государственный архив Самар-ской области и Самарский областной государственный архив социально-политической истории) архивов. The article examines documentary materials on the history of peasant protests in the Samara prov-ince, which relate to the activities of the extraordinary structures of the Soviet government, involved in the suppression of the peasantry. The author refers to published collections of documents and sources ex-tracted from the central (State Archives of the Russian Federation, Russian State Archives of Social and Political History, Central Archives of the FSB of Russia) and regional archives (Central State Archives of the Samara Region and Samara Regional Archives of Social and Political History).

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Chemodanov, Igor. "AGRICULTURE AND PEASANTRY IN VYATKA REGION DURING SECOND HALF OF 1930-S." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b31/s10.056.

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Reports on the topic "Peasantry"

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Prysyazhna-Gapchenko, Julia. Еміграційні видання для селян: між фаховістю і політикою. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11720.

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In the article rare editions of magazine type are first probed for peasants which nursed in an environment the Ukrainian emigrants in the first post-war years on territory of the American area of occupation in Germany, and also in the USA. Separately paid regard to mision role of magazines in the association of the nebulized peasants round a desire to apply the obtained previous experience and knowledge on strange land, to present the world the Ukrainian peasantry as labour productive force and also round the idea of fight for independence, joining in with political activity of «old» parties and organizations which actively functioned in the environment of the Ukrainian emigrants. Outlined problem of magazines for peasants, and also sil’vetki of separate authors. In the repertoire of the Ukrainian emigrant press professional editions for peasants occupy an insignificant percent. But their appearance and functioning testify to the desire of certain part of wanderers – natives from villages, which got the special trade education, and also conscious group of peasants which tested tortures and humiliations as a result of violent collectivization, to unite the efforts for future effective economic labour in Ukraine, as emigration was at that time examined in their environment as the temporal phenomenon. De autre part, the creators of this periodicals did not hide the purpose of distribution of the purchased knowledges and experience in the countries of migration. Publishers at mediation of magazines formed soil for creation of political party, which would unite the unions of the Ukrainian peasants-emigrants (farmers), which got organized in camps for the moved persons. Soon, in 1948, party of liberal direction – Union of earths of cathedral Ukraine is was created in Ashaffenburzi (Germany) and on convention in New Wales (in 1950) renamed on Peasant party. Greater part of problem of magazines «the Ukrainian owner», «Ukrainian peasant», «Rural owner», was inferior preparation to realization of this emigrant project. A separate place belongs to the magazine «the Ukrainian manager», the release of which, without regard to influences of mel’nikivskogo wing OUN, managed from the first to the last number to dissociate oneself from a policy, save popular scientific status agrarian-economic direction. Even publications the main theme of number is violated in which, for example, criticism of a collective farm system the USSR or analysis of economic problems of socialism, scientific arguments is marked and by the unprejudice of author. Functioning in the environment of emigration of «rural» periodicals is dictated a desire to combine effort peasants for a maintenance and increase of professional level, to send them in the river-bed of fight for liberation from under the burden of persecutors of the Ukrainian village.

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Kirchner, Helena. The Archaeology of the Peasantry in the Early Medieval Age. Reflections and proposals. Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/itma.2020.14.02.

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Pavlyuk, Іhor. HUMANІTARІAN CONTROVERSY ІN THE WESTERN UKRAІNІAN PRESS DURІNG THE PERІOD BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12139.

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The artіcle hіghlіghts the humanіtarіan polemіcs іn the Western Ukraіnіan press іn the іnterwar (1920-30s) perіod іn three aspects: the polemіcs of Ukraіnіan-language magazіnes among themselves, the polemіcs of the Ukraіnіan-language press wіth the Polіsh and Russіan press, the place of the Ukraіnіan press іnvolved іn the polemіcs іn the colonіal and global cultural – іnformatіonal contexts, іts representatіve relatіons wіth the judіcіal, executіve and legіslatіve authorіtіes іn the process of changes іn the socіal and polіtіcal atmosphere іn thіs tіme-space. The purpose of thіs artіcle іs to hіghlіght the humanіtarіan polemіcs іn the Western Ukraіnіan press іn the іnterwar (1920-30s) perіod іn three aspects: the polemіcs of Ukraіnіan magazіnes among themselves, the polemіcs of the Ukraіnіan press wіth the Polіsh and Russіan press, the Ukraіnіan press іn the global cultural and іnformatіonal context; dіfferentіatіon of polemіcal publіcatіons accordіng to genre-thematіc affіlіatіon to the socіo-polіtіcal dіscourse of the struggle of іdeas, symbols, sіgns, іmages, the struggle of relіgіous doctrіnes through the medіatіon of Ukraіnіan-centrіc іnformatіon (press) flows, whіch іn turn were fought by the then colonіal, іn partіcular Polіsh, polіtіcal power, subjectіng theіr censorshіp, confіscatіon, closure, harassment of edіtors and journalіsts. The basіc feature of іnter-magazіne relatіons of varіous Ukraіnіan and Ukraіnіan-language magazіnes of the іnterwar perіod was polemіcs, the topіcs of whіch were: polіtіcs (antі-Polіsh, pro-Polіsh, respectіvely – antі-Russіan, pro-Russіan); relіgіon (language of worshіp, hіerarchіcal subordіnatіon of the church); culture (problems of language, theatrіcal productіons, etc.); school busіness; cooperatіon; the sіtuatіon of the peasantry. That іs, all spheres of socіal lіfe, the representatіves of whіch were the mіrrors of magazіnes, patented by us for research іn thіs (spherіcal) structure: cooperatіve press, relіgіous press, etc. At the same tіme, the magazіnes that were publіshed іn the tіme-space determіned by us dіd not only “quarrel” wіth each other, but also often supported each other, prіntіng letters of support, advertіsіng each other durіng subscrіptіon campaіgns, takіng joіnt partіcіpatіon іn court hearіngs, etc. Keywords: controversy; press; colonіal dіscourse; confіscate; censorshіp.

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van der Ploeg, Jan Douwe. The importance of peasant agriculture: a neglected truth. Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/403213.

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Agarwal, Bina. Are we not peasants too? Land rights and women's claims in India. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2.1005.

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Montero, Raquel, and Sarah Albiez-Wieck. Conviviality as a Tool for Creating Networks: The case of an Early Modern Global Peasant Traveller. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/gilmonterowieck.2019.19.

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Alston, Lee, Gary Libecap, and Bernardo Mueller. Interest Groups, Information Manipulation in the Media, and Public Policy: The Case of the Landless Peasants Movement in Brazil. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15865.

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Daianova, G. I., L. D. Protopopova, and A. N. Krylova. Features of the peasant (farm) management in the North (on the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)). INTERECONOM Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/1999-2300-2019-02mezoekon0204.

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FAO’s work on the themes of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas (UNDROP). FAO, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cc8740en.

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