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Journal articles on the topic 'Peas Physiology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Craven, Kimberley B., and William N. Zagotta. "CNG AND HCN CHANNELS: Two Peas, One Pod." Annual Review of Physiology 68, no. 1 (January 2006): 375–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.040104.134728.

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2

Galloway, C. M., and W. M. Dugger. "Boron inhibition of phosphoglucomutase from peas." Journal of Plant Nutrition 13, no. 7 (July 1990): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169009364119.

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3

Wszelaki, Annette, Karla Deza-Duran, and Carol Harper. "(44) Postharvest Physiology and Quality of Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1030B—1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1030b.

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Pigeon pea is an important food crop for the Puerto Rican diet, as well as the economy. Pigeon pea ranks fourth in production among edible legumes in production worldwide. It can be consumed dried or as a vegetable (fresh, frozen, or canned). Canned, frozen, and dried peas are commonly used when fresh peas are no longer available. Due to the preferred flavor of fresh pigeon pea, it commands a higher market premium, selling for more than twice the price of the dried product. Although there is a great demand for this vegetable in Puerto Rico, virtually no research has been done on fresh pigeon pea postharvest physiology and its overall keeping quality. Baseline data on pigeon pea physiology, including respiration and ethylene production rates, soluble solids, titratable acidity, color reflectance, chlorophyll content, and responses to ethylene are presented here in order to establish the optimum storage temperature. Using this information, fresh pigeon pea consumption could increase locally, and exporting opportunities for shipping pigeon pea to alternative markets could be expanded.

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4

MELCHER, INGA M. "GLUTAMATE METABOLISM IN INTACT SEEDLINGS AND SEEDLING SEGMENTS OF PEAS." New Phytologist 103, no. 4 (August 1986): 685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00842.x.

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5

Galloway, Cynthia M., and W. Mack Dugger. "Purification and characterization of phosphoglucomutase from peas." Physiologia Plantarum 92, no. 3 (November 1994): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb08839.x.

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6

Mollard, Rebecca C., Bohdan L. Luhovyy, Christopher Smith, and G. Harvey Anderson. "Acute effects of pea protein and hull fibre alone and combined on blood glucose, appetite, and food intake in healthy young men – a randomized crossover trial." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 39, no. 12 (December 2014): 1360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2014-0170.

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Whether pulse components can be used as value-added ingredients in foods formulated for blood glucose (BG) and food intake (FI) control requires investigation. The objective of this study was to examine of the effects of pea components on FI at an ad libitum meal, as well as appetite and BG responses before and after the meal. In a repeated-measures crossover trial, men (n = 15) randomly consumed (i) pea hull fibre (7 g), (ii) pea protein (10 g), (iii) pea protein (10 g) plus hull fibre (7 g), (iv) yellow peas (406 g), and (v) control. Pea hull fibre and protein were served with tomato sauce and noodles, while yellow peas were served with tomato sauce. Control was noodles and tomato sauce. FI was measured at a pizza meal (135 min). Appetite and BG were measured pre-pizza (0–135 min) and post-pizza (155–215 min). Protein plus fibre and yellow peas led to lower pre-pizza BG area under the curve compared with fibre and control. At 30 min, BG was lower after protein plus fibre and yellow peas compared with fibre and control, whereas at 45 and 75 min, protein plus fibre and yellow peas led to lower BG compared with fibre (p < 0.05). Following the pizza meal (155 min), yellow peas led to lower BG compared with fibre (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in FI or appetite. This trial supports the use of pea components as value-added ingredients in foods designed to improve glycemic control.

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7

Smith, Mary A., Peter J. Davies, and James B. Reid. "Role of Polyamines in Gibberellin-Induced Internode Growth in Peas." Plant Physiology 78, no. 1 (May 1, 1985): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.78.1.92.

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8

Ray, Peter M. "Auxin and Fusicoccin Enhancement of β-Glucan Synthase in Peas." Plant Physiology 78, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.78.3.466.

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9

Thacher, P. V., S. V. Onyper, and Y. Lai. "0196 Whirled Peas: Time Awake, Sleep Problems, And Language Errors." Sleep 41, suppl_1 (April 2018): A77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy061.195.

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10

Joy, Kenneth W., and Chander Prabha. "The Role of Transamination in the Synthesis of Homoserine in Peas." Plant Physiology 82, no. 1 (September 1, 1986): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.82.1.99.

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11

Clark, Gregory B., Marianne Dauwalder, and Stanley J. Roux. "Immunological and biochemical evidence for nuclear localization of annexin in peas." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 36, no. 9 (September 1998): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0981-9428(98)80010-7.

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12

Stuewe, Elena, Peter Ostrow, Aarti Grover, Greg Schumaker, Joel Oster, and Rajesh Zacharias. "839 Not Your Everyday Daytime Sleepiness: Two Peas in a Pod." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.836.

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Abstract Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and narcolepsy are both causes of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). OSA is a more prevalent diagnosis, but it can coexist with narcolepsy and confound diagnosis. We present a case of a delayed diagnosis of type 2 narcolepsy in a patient with known OSA. Report of case(s) A 31-year-old man with depression treated with sertraline and prior history of severe OSA diagnosed at an outside facility presented to our clinic for residual excessive daytime sleepiness. He demonstrated adequate adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 13 cmH2O over a period of one year, good sleep hygiene and adequate sleep duration. He reported vivid dreams and sleep paralysis in the past, but none recently. There was no history of a delayed sleep phase. He denied hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations or cataplexy. An in-lab polysomnogram (PSG) followed by multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) was ordered for further evaluation. Sertraline was held 2 weeks prior to the study. Overnight PSG on CPAP showed adequate treatment of OSA on CPAP pressures of 13–16 cmH2O. MSLT showed 3/5 sleep-onset rapid eye movement periods with a mean sleep latency of 5.8 minutes. A diagnosis of coexisting type 2 narcolepsy was made. Treatment was initiated with modafinil; however, his symptoms of EDS persisted and he was changed to methylphenidate with subsequent improvement. Conclusion The case above highlights the importance of maintaining a broad differential when investigating the etiology of EDS. In particular, patients with narcolepsy often experience a significant delay between onset of symptoms and receiving a diagnosis. Diagnosis can be confounded by a lack of classic symptoms and/or the presence of another sleep-related breathing disorder, as in the patient above. Residual EDS can be seen in patients with adequately treated OSA. There is sparse data regarding the co-prevalence of narcolepsy as the etiology of residual EDS in adequately treated OSA. Patients should still be screened for symptoms suggestive of narcolepsy. Persistence of EDS symptoms in young adults with adequately treated OSA should raise suspicion for another sleep-related disorder and merits further investigation. Support (if any):

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13

lto, Yoko, Shunnosuke Abe, and Eric Davies. "Co-localization of cytoskeleton proteins and polysomes with a membrane fraction from peas." Journal of Experimental Botany 45, no. 2 (1994): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/45.2.253.

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14

Bußler, Sara, Werner B. Herppich, Susanne Neugart, Monika Schreiner, Jörg Ehlbeck, Sascha Rohn, and Oliver Schlüter. "Impact of cold atmospheric pressure plasma on physiology and flavonol glycoside profile of peas (Pisum sativum ‘Salamanca’)." Food Research International 76 (October 2015): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.03.045.

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15

Delorme, Evelyne O. "Incorporation of 3H-Gibberellin A20 in roots of G2 peas." Plant Growth Regulation 5, no. 2 (1987): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00024740.

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16

Rutledge, C. E., and S. D. Eigenbrode. "Epicuticular wax on pea plants decreases instantaneous search rate of Hippodamia convergens larvae and reduces attachment to leaf surfaces." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 1 (February 2003): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n02-044.

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AbstractCrop cultivar can affect the ability of natural enemies to control pest populations. Peas, Pisum sativum L. (Fabaceae), with a reduced epicuticular wax bloom have reduced pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), populations in the field than peas with a normal-wax bloom. In this paper we use the functional response to examine predation by Hippodamia convergens Guérin de Méneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) larvae foraging on pea plants with a normal- and a reduced-wax bloom. We found that Hippodamia convergens shows a Type II functional response on both phenotypes of peas. Hippodamia convergens consumed significantly more pea aphids on reduced-wax plants than on normal-wax plants. The instantaneous search rate, a, was higher for predators on reduced-wax plants, but the handling time, Th, was similar for predators on both wax phenotypes. In addition, we tested the ability of H. convergens larvae to attach to the surface of normal-wax and reduced-wax pea leaves. We found that H. convergens larvae attach more strongly to reduced-wax peas than to normal-wax peas. These results suggest that predation of pea aphid by H. convergens is enhanced on reduced-wax peas due to increased ability of predators to attach to these plants, and as a result, search for and find aphids.

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17

Lenka, Svabova, and Griga Miroslav. "Utilization of Some Fusarium Filtrates in Resistance Breeding Programme of Peas." Cereal Research Communications 25, no. 3 (September 1997): 847–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03543871.

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18

Schwarzbach, David A., Ernst J. Woltering, and Mikal E. Saltveit. "Behavior of Etiolated Peas (Pisum sativum cv Alaska) When Obstructed by a Mechanical Barrier." Plant Physiology 98, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.98.2.769.

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19

Keller, Karen E., Elisabeth Johansen, Robert R. Martin, and R. O. Hampton. "Potyvirus Genome-Linked Protein (VPg) Determines Pea Seed-Borne Mosaic Virus Pathotype-Specific Virulence in Pisum sativum." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 2 (February 1998): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.2.124.

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The mechanism of Pisum sativum pathotype-specific resistance to pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus (PSbMV) was investigated and the coding region determinant of PSbMV virulence was defined. Homozygous recessive sbm-1 peas are unable to support replication of PSbMV pathotype 1 (P-1), whereas biochemically and serologically related pathotype 4 (P-4) is fully infectious in the sbm-1/sbm-1 genotype. We were unable to detect viral coat protein or RNA with double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in sbm-1/sbm-1 P-1-inoculated protoplasts and plants. Lack of viral coat protein or RNA in P-1 trans-fected sbm-1/sbm-1 protoplasts suggests that sbm-1 resistance is occurring at the cellular level and that inhibition of cell-to-cell virus movement is not the operating form of resistance. In addition, because virus products were not detected at any time post-inoculation, resistance must either be constitutive or expressed very early in the virus infection process. P-1-resistant peas challenged with full-length, infectious P-1/P-4 recombinant clones demonstrated that a specific P-4 coding region, the 21-kDa, genome-linked protein (VPg), was capable of overcoming sbm-1 resistance, whereas clones containing the P-1 VPg coding region were noninfectious to sbm-1/sbm-1 peas. VPg is believed to be involved in potyvirus replication and its identification as the PSbMV determinant of infectivity in sbm-1/sbm-1 peas is consistent with disruption of an early P-1 replication event.

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20

Chang, Gary C. "CHRYSOPERLA PLORABUNDA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) LARVAE FEED DISPROPORTIONATELY ON THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) IN THE FIELD." Canadian Entomologist 130, no. 4 (August 1998): 549–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent130549-4.

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Green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) are commercially available augmentative biological control agents. Despite centuries of recognition as beneficial insects (Darwin 1800), scant information can be found describing what lacewing larvae prey upon in the field when several different prey species are present (New 1975). I assessed the types of prey that Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch) larvae consume when they are released on peas, Pisum sativum L. (Fabaceae), in western Washington. In 1997, two field assistants and I made observations at three sites: the Rent's Due Ranch (RDR: 48°14′N, 122°22′W), an organic farm located just outside Stanwood, Washington, and two research farms (Sumner: 47°11′N, 122°13′W; and Fife: 47°12′N, 122°20′W) in the Washington State University extension station system. Planting dates differed among these sites; at RDR, peas were planted in the spring, whereas we planted peas at the Sumner and Fife farms in June and July, respectively. Despite this and other differences, the peas at each site harbor similar insect communities (unpublished data).

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21

ABE, SHUNNOSUKE, YOKO ITO, and ERIC DAVIES. "Co-sedimentation of Actin, Tubulin andMembranes in the Cytoskeleton Fractions from Peas and Mouse 3T3 Cells." Journal of Experimental Botany 43, no. 7 (1992): 941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/43.7.941.

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22

Kelly, Maureen O., and Peter J. Davies. "Photoperiodic and Genetic Control of Carbon Partitioning in Peas and Its Relationship to Apical Senescence." Plant Physiology 86, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 978–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.86.3.978.

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23

Soroka, J. J., and P. A. Mackay. "POPULATION GROWTH OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), AND PLANT RESPONSE TO APHID NUMBERS IN COMMERCIALLY GROWN FIELD PEAS IN MANITOBA." Canadian Entomologist 122, no. 6 (December 1990): 1201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1221201-11.

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AbstractPea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), were sampled weekly or biweekly over the summers of 1985 and 1986 in a total of 15 commercial plantings of Century, Trapper, or Triumph field peas across Manitoba. Pea aphid populations rose more quickly in fields of Trapper than in Century or Triumph fields. The owners of all Trapper fields sampled initiated aerial application of insecticide for pea aphid control; at the time of spraying in 1985, plants in Trapper fields had significantly greater numbers of aphids in sweep samples than such samples from Century or Triumph fields. In 1986, Triumph plants supported greater numbers of aphids than Century or Trapper plants. Triumph plants remained green longer than plants of the other cultivais; in 1985 pea aphid numbers on this cultivar were highest on the last date sampled.Yield components were measured in sprayed and unsprayed plots within the commercial fields. When data were averaged for each cultivar, there were no significant differences in yield per area or in 1000 seed weight between sprayed and unsprayed plots. Data indicated that existing economic thresholds are too low for Trapper peas. However, one of the fields of Trapper peas that we sampled had significantly reduced numbers of pods per plant, yield per square metre, and weight of 1000 seeds in the unsprayed plot; this field had the largest population of pea aphids of any field sampled, with aphid numbers peaking at 48.5 ± 9.2 (SE) per plant lip during pod formation and filling. Significant yield losses also occurred in unsprayed plots of a Triumph field, which had a peak aphid population of 4.8 ± 1.6 per plant stem at pod maturation.

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24

Kouchi, H., H. Imaizumi-Anraku, M. Hayashi, T. Hakoyama, T. Nakagawa, Y. Umehara, N. Suganuma, and M. Kawaguchi. "How Many Peas in a Pod? Legume Genes Responsible for Mutualistic Symbioses Underground." Plant and Cell Physiology 51, no. 9 (July 21, 2010): 1381–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcq107.

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25

Smith, Mary A., and Peter J. Davies. "Manipulation of the polyamine content and senescence of apical buds of G2 peas." Plant Growth Regulation 3, no. 3-4 (1985): 401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00117596.

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26

Laskowski, Marta J., Espanta Seradge, James R. Shinkle, and Winslow R. Briggs. "Ethylene Is Not Involved in the Blue Light-Induced Growth Inhibition of Red Light-Grown Peas." Plant Physiology 100, no. 1 (September 1, 1992): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.100.1.95.

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27

Cotterill, P. J., and K. Sivasithamparam. "Reduction of Take-all Inoculum by Rotation with Lupins, Oats or Field Peas." Journal of Phytopathology 121, no. 2 (February 1988): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1988.tb00963.x.

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28

Ovtsyna, Alexandra O., Geert-Jan Rademaker, Edwin Esser, Jeremy Weinman, Barry G. Rolfe, Igor A. Tikhonovich, Ben J. J. Lugtenberg, Jane E. Thomas-Oates, and Herman P. Spaink. "Comparison of Characteristics of the nodX Genes from Various Rhizobium leguminosarum Strains." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 12, no. 3 (March 1999): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.3.252.

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We have analyzed the nucleotide sequences of the nodX genes from two strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae able to nodulate Afghan peas (strains A1 and Himalaya) and from two strains of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii (ANU843 and CSF). The nodX genes of strains A1 and ANU843 were shown to be functional for the induction of nodules on Afghan peas. To analyze the cause of phenotypic differences of strain A1 and strain TOM we have studied the composition of the lipochitin-oligosaccharides (LCOs) produced by strain A1 after induction by the flavonoid naringenin or various pea root exudates. The structural analysis of the LCOs by mass spectrometry revealed that strain A1 synthesizes a family of at least 23 different LCOs. The use of exudates instead of naringenin resulted only in quantitative differences in the ratios of various LCOs produced.

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29

Hylton, Christopher, and Alison M. Smith. "The rb Mutation of Peas Causes Structural and Regulatory Changes in ADP Glucose Pyrophosphorylase from Developing Embryos." Plant Physiology 99, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 1626–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.99.4.1626.

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30

Zduńczyk, Z., J. Jankowski, D. Mikulski, P. Zduńczyk, J. Juśkiewicz, and B. A. Slominski. "The effect of NSP-degrading enzymes on gut physiology and growth performance of turkeys fed soybean meal and peas-based diets." Animal Feed Science and Technology 263 (May 2020): 114448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114448.

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31

Hogg, Bridget, Andrea E. Davies, Karen E. Wilson, Ton Bisseling, and J. Allan Downie. "Competitive Nodulation Blocking of cv. Afghanistan Pea Is Related to High Levels of Nodulation Factors Made by Some Strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 15, no. 1 (January 2002): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.1.60.

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Cultivar Afghanistan peas are resistant to nodulation by many strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae but are nodulated by strain TOM, which carries the host specificity gene nodX. Some strains that lack nodX can inhibit nodulation of cv. Afghanistan by strain TOM. We present evidence that this “competitive nodulation-blocking” (Cnb) phenotype may result from high levels of Nod factors inhibiting nodulation of cv. Afghanistan peas. The TOM nod gene region (including nodX) is cloned on pIJ1095, and strains (including TOM itself) carrying pIJ1095 nodulate cv. Afghanistan peas very poorly but can nodulate other varieties normally. The presence of pIJ1095, which causes increased levels of Nod factor production, correlates with Cnb. Nodulation of cv. Afghanistan by TOM is also inhibited by a cloned nodD gene that increases nod gene expression and Nod factor production. Nodulation of cv. Afghanistan can be stimulated if nodD on pIJ1095 is mutated, thus severely reducing the level of Nod factor produced. Repression of nod gene expression by nolR eliminates the Cnb phenotype and can stimulate nodulation of cv. Afghanistan. Addition of Nod factors to cv. Afghanistan roots strongly inhibits nodulation. The Cnb+ strains and added Nod factors inhibit infection thread initiation by strain TOM. The sym2A allele determines resistance of cv. Afghanistan to nodulation by strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae lacking nodX. We tested whether sym2A is involved in Cnb by using a pea line carrying the sym2A region introgressed from cv. Afghanistan; nodulation in the introgressed line was inhibited by Cnb+ strains. Therefore, the sym2A region has an effect on Cnb, although another locus (or loci) may contribute to the stronger Cnb seen in cv. Afghanistan.

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32

Soroka, J. J., and P. A. Mackay. "SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON CULTIVARS OF FIELD PEAS IN MANITOBA AND ITS EFFECTS ON PEA GROWTH AND YIELD." Canadian Entomologist 122, no. 3 (June 1990): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent122503-5.

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AbstractPopulations of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), were sampled through the summer of 1984 on five cultivars and in 1985 and 1986 on six cultivars of field peas, Pisum sativum L., grown in field plots in southern Manitoba. Patterns of pea aphid population growth were generally similar among cultivars in any one year. Aphid populations on all cultivars in all years remained relatively low until mid-July, then increased rapidly, peaked at about the beginning of August, and declined sharply to low levels in late August. At the time of peak aphid numbers, significant differences in aphid population densities were found among cultivars in 2 years; the lowest densities were found on the cultivars Century and Tipu, and the highest densities on Triumph or Trapper. Pea aphid feeding was not detrimental to any yield parameters except 1000 seed weight. In 1984 Triumph and Tara, and in 1985 Triumph had significantly decreased 1000 seed weights in plots in which aphid densities were not controlled. Differences in the abundance of the aphid among cultivars were not reflected in their yield responses. Over 3 years the regression line of aphid densities upon Century seed weight was significantly steeper than those of Trapper, Lenca, or Tara. Trapper was least affected by aphid feeding. Results indicated that the economic threshold of pea aphids on peas other than Century needs to be re-evaluated.

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33

Maiteki, G. A., R. J. Lamb, and S. T. Ali-Khan. "SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), IN MANITOBA FIELD PEAS." Canadian Entomologist 118, no. 6 (June 1986): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent118601-6.

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AbstractPea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), were sampled from 1980 to 1983 in field peas, Pisum sativum (L.), in Manitoba. Sweep and foliage samples were taken in commercial fields and plots. Aphids were found in late May or early June soon after the crop emerged, but populations were low throughout June. Populations increased in July, when the crop was flowering and producing pods, and peaked in the latter half of July or early August in 3 of the 4 years, when pods were maturing. Populations decreased rapidly after the peak, as the plants senesced. In 1980, a drought year, aphid densities were low and the populations peaked in the middle of August. From 1981 to 1983, densities exceeded the economic threshold in all commercial fields and all but one of the plots that were sampled.

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34

Stokes, Bradley S., Edward J. Bechinski, and Sanford D. Eigenbrode. "Economic injury levels for pea aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as direct pests of commercial dry peas (Fabaceae) during reproductive growth stages in the Pacific Northwest of North America." Canadian Entomologist 151, no. 3 (March 29, 2019): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.10.

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AbstractEmpirically-based economic injury levels are lacking for pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae), as a direct pest of dry peas, Pisum sativum Linnaeus (Fabaceae). To address this need, the relationship between pea aphid density and yield of dry pea (cultivar Aragorn) were quantified by encaging pea aphids at varying densities for 17-day infestation periods during 2009 and 2010 in Moscow, Idaho, United States of America. Pea aphid density after infestation at the early reproductive stage of the crop (x) significantly reduced dry pea seed yield (relative weight of US #1 dry peas, y): y = 0.7733 − 0.00998x + 0.000037x2. Economic injury levels were computed based on this relationship and incorporating the cost of control, crop market value, insecticide efficacy, and crop yield potential. The resulting economic injury levels ranged from five to 19 pea aphids per plant at the start of early reproductive growth stages of dry peas. For usability these were converted to sweep net sample size equivalents of 86–307 pea aphids per twenty-five 180-degree sweeps with a standard sweep net. These economic injury levels are applicable in the inland Pacific Northwest, United States of America, where they were developed and likely in other regions with similar climatic and agronomic conditions.

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35

Mudryj, Adriana N., Nancy Yu, and Harold M. Aukema. "Nutritional and health benefits of pulses." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 39, no. 11 (November 2014): 1197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0557.

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Pulses (beans, peas, and lentils) have been consumed for at least 10 000 years and are among the most extensively used foods in the world. A wide variety of pulses can be grown globally, making them important both economically as well as nutritionally. Pulses provide protein and fibre, as well as a significant source of vitamins and minerals, such as iron, zinc, folate, and magnesium, and consuming half a cup of beans or peas per day can enhance diet quality by increasing intakes of these nutrients. In addition, the phytochemicals, saponins, and tannins found in pulses possess antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic effects, indicating that pulses may have significant anti-cancer effects. Pulse consumption also improves serum lipid profiles and positively affects several other cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as blood pressure, platelet activity, and inflammation. Pulses are high in fibre and have a low glycemic index, making them particularly beneficial to people with diabetes by assisting in maintaining healthy blood glucose and insulin levels. Emerging research examining the effect of pulse components on HIV and consumption patterns with aging populations indicates that pulses may have further effects on health. In conclusion, including pulses in the diet is a healthy way to meet dietary recommendations and is associated with reduced risk of several chronic diseases. Long-term randomized controlled trials are needed to demonstrate the direct effects of pulses on these diseases.

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Mollard, Rebecca C., Christina L. Wong, Bohdan L. Luhovyy, France Cho, and G. Harvey Anderson. "Second-meal effects of pulses on blood glucose and subjective appetite following a standardized meal 2 h later." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 39, no. 7 (July 2014): 849–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0523.

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This study investigated whether pulses (chickpeas, yellow peas, navy beans, lentils) have an effect on blood glucose (BG) and appetite following a fixed-size meal 2 h later. Over the following 2 h, all pulses lowered BG area under the curve (AUC) and lentils reduced appetite AUC compared with white bread (p < 0.05). Following the meal, BG was lower after lentils and chickpeas at 150 and 165 min, and AUC was lower after lentils compared with white bread (p < 0.05).

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Marinangeli, Christopher P. F., Denis Krause, Scott V. Harding, Todd C. Rideout, Fuqin Zhu, and Peter J. H. Jones. "Whole and fractionated yellow pea flours modulate insulin, glucose, oxygen consumption, and the caecal microbiome in Golden Syrian hamsters." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 6 (December 2011): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h11-101.

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The objective was to evaluate the effects of whole and fractionated yellow peas on circulating lipids, glucose and insulin levels, energy expenditure, and body composition, as well as to assess their prebiotic actions in Golden Syrian hamsters. Forty-five hamsters consumed a hypercholesterolemic diet for 28 days, then were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control (CON), whole pea flour (WPF), and fractionated pea flour (hulls only) (FPF). WPF and FPF were incorporated into the diets, replacing 10% of the cornstarch. WPF and FPF feeding produced negligible effects on circulating cholesterol and triglyceride levels. However, both WPF (56.76 ± 9.22 pmol·L–1, p = 0.002) and FPF (89.27 ± 19.82 pmol·L–1, p = 0.032) reduced circulating insulin levels compared with the CON group (131.70 ± 17.70 pmol·L–1). Moreover, FPF decreased (p = 0.03) circulating glucose levels (6.26 ± 0.51 mmol·L–1) compared with CON (8.27 ± 0.81 mmol·L–1). Energy expenditure analysis revealed that hamsters consuming WPF demonstrated a higher (p = 0.036) oxygen consumption (2.00 ± 0.31 mL O2·g–1 lean body mass) vs. the CON group (1.56 ± 0.089 mL O2·g–1 lean body mass). Analysis of caecal digesta showed that WPF produced shifts in the abundance of microbial taxa with the most predominant changes occurring within the phylum Firmicutes. Yellow peas and their constituents should be investigated as future functional food ingredients that help prevent and manage lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes and obesity.

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Smith, Mary A., and Peter J. Davies. "Effect of Photoperiod on Polyamine Metabolism in Apical Buds of G2 Peas in Relation to the Induction of Apical Senescence." Plant Physiology 79, no. 2 (October 1, 1985): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.79.2.400.

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39

Waterer, John G., J. Kevin Vessey, and C. David Raper. "Stimulation of nodulation in field peas (Pisum sativum ) by low concentrations of ammonium in hydroponic culture." Physiologia Plantarum 86, no. 2 (October 1992): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1992.860205.x.

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Reddy, M. N., and M. A. Stahmann. "Multiple Molecular Forms of Enzymes in Peas infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi Race 1." Journal of Phytopathology 74, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1972.tb04646.x.

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Grønlund, Mette, Merete Albrechtsen, I. Elisabeth Johansen, Edith C. Hammer, Tom H. Nielsen, and Iver Jakobsen. "The interplay between P uptake pathways in mycorrhizal peas: a combined physiological and gene-silencing approach." Physiologia Plantarum 149, no. 2 (March 15, 2013): 234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12030.

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42

Vaseva, Irina, Dessislava Todorova, Jiří Malbeck, Alena Trávníčková, and Ivana Macháčková. "Response of cytokinin pool and cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase activity to abscisic acid exhibits organ specificity in peas." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 30, no. 2 (October 6, 2007): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11738-007-0103-9.

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43

Soroka, J. J., and P. A. Mackay. "GROWTH OF PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), POPULATIONS ON CAGED PLANTS OF SIX CULTIVARS OF FIELD PEAS AND THE EFFECTS OF PEA APHIDS ON HARVEST COMPONENTS OF CAGED FIELD PEAS." Canadian Entomologist 122, no. 6 (December 1990): 1193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1221193-11.

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AbstractA comparison of the effects of infestation by known numbers of pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on six field pea cultivars was made in field cage tests. The largest population of aphids developed on the cultivar Trapper and the smallest on the cultivar Century, with differences in aphid numbers between these cultivars significant for mature plants. Infested plants of Trapper had a significantly lower number of pods per plant, and infested plants of all cultivars had decreased seed weights, both per metre row and of 250 seeds, when compared with control plants. In all cultivars except Trapper, the most severely affected yield component was weight of 250 seeds.

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44

Grewal, Harsharn Singh, and Basant L. Maheshwari. "TREATED EFFLUENT AND SALINE WATER IRRIGATION INFLUENCES SOIL PROPERTIES, YIELD, WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND SODIUM CONTENT OF SNOW PEAS AND CELERY." Journal of Plant Nutrition 36, no. 7 (January 2013): 1102–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2013.776080.

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45

Stevens, James B., Nicola G. de Luca, John E. Beringer, John P. Ringer, Kay H. Yeoman, and Andrew W. B. Johnston. "The purMN Genes of Rhizobium leguminosarum and a Superficial Link with Siderophore Production." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 13, no. 2 (February 2000): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.2.228.

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We isolated a mutant of R. leguminosarum initially on the basis of reduced production of the siderophore vicibactin on chrome azurol sulfonate (CAS)/agar indicator plates. The mutation was in the purMN operon and the mutant was shown to be an adenine auxotroph and defective for nodulation of peas. The siderophore defect appears to be trivial, being due to diminished growth of the auxotroph on agar-based minimal medium, which contains unknown contaminant(s) that allow it grow poorly. Transcriptional fusions showed that purMN was transcribed at relatively high levels in media containing purines. Expression was enhanced, approximately twofold, if purines were omitted.

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Khetarpal, R. K., and Y. Maury. "Seed Transmission of Pea Seed-borne Mosaic Virus in Peas: Early and Late Expression of the Virus in the Progeny." Journal of Phytopathology 129, no. 4 (August 1990): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1990.tb04303.x.

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47

Kim, Younghee, Ketan Shah, and David J. Oliver. "Cloning and light-dependent expression of the gene coding for the P-protein of the glycine decarboxylase complex from peas." Physiologia Plantarum 81, no. 4 (April 1991): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb05091.x.

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48

Carter, R. A., K. H. Yeoman, A. Klein, A. H. F. Hosie, G. Sawers, P. S. Poole, and A. W. B. Johnston. "dpp Genes of Rhizobium leguminosarum Specify Uptake of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 15, no. 1 (January 2002): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.1.69.

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An operon with homology to the dppABCDF genes required to transport dipeptides in bacteria was identified in the N2-fixing symbiont, Rhizobium leguminosarum. As in other bacteria, dpp mutants were severely affected in the import of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a heme precursor. ALA uptake was antagonized by adding dipeptides, indicating that these two classes of molecule share the same transporter. Mutations in dppABCDF did not affect symbiotic N2 fixation on peas, suggesting that the ALA needed for heme synthesis is not supplied by the plant or that another uptake system functions in the bacteroids. The dppABCDF operon of R. leguminosarum resembles that in other bacteria, with a gap between dppA and dppB containing inverted repeats that may stabilize mRNA and may explain why transcription of dppA alone was higher than that of dppBCDF. The dppABCDF promoter was mapped and is most likely recognized by σ70.

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Gorny, James R., and Adel A. Kader. "443 Postharvest Physiology and Quality Maintenance of Fresh-cut Pears." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 520F—521. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.520f.

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The optimal `Bartlett' pear ripeness stage for fresh-cut processing based on flesh firmness ranges between 44.5 and 58 N (10 and 13 lbf). Use of softer pears reduces postcutting life due to flesh browning. Firmer pears may have longer postcutting life but lack good flavor. Dipping pear slices in a mixture of 2% (w/v) ascorbic acid + 1% (w/v) calcium lactate + 0.5 (w/v) cysteine (pH 7) for 5 min at 20 °C extended their shelf-life by inhibiting flesh softening and surface browning during storage at 0 °C for 10 days. After 3 days at 0 °C, ascorbic acid and cysteine residues dropped below detectable levels, while calcium content was double that of untreated slices. Preliminary sensory evaluation indicate no negative impact on flavor from this dip treatment. Exposure of intact pears to heat (35 or 40 °C) or controlled atmospheres (0.25 kPa O2 and/or 40 kPa CO2) for 24 or 48 h did not influence postcutting cut surface browning of pear slices. Storage of `Bartlett' pears at -1 °C in 2 kPa O2 (balance N2) resulted in longer postcutting life of the slices as compared to those made from air-stored pears at -1 °C. The longer the storage duration of whole pears, the shorter the shelf-life of their slices was. Fruit size did not affect the postcutting life of the pear slices, provided that they were treated with the ascorbic acid + calcium lactate + cysteine mixture. Untreated slices made from small pears exhibited surface browning faster than those made from large pears.

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Pintureau, Bernard, Marcos Gerding, and Ernesto Cisternas. "DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) FROM CHILE." Canadian Entomologist 131, no. 1 (February 1999): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent13153-1.

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AbstractSouth American Trichogrammatidae are poorly known. In this paper we describe a new species of Trichogramma and two new species of Uscana from Chile. The Trichogramma species belongs to the perkinsi group and parasitizes the eggs of Rhyacionia buoliana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). One Uscana species belongs to the senex group (new name proposed for the B group) and parasitizes eggs of Pseudopachymerina spinipes (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), and the other Uscana species belongs to the fumipennis group (new name proposed for the C group) and parasitizes eggs of Bruchus pisorum (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). These new species might be useful in biological control, especially against R. buoliana and B. pisorum, important pests of pines and peas, respectively, in Chile.

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