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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Song, Jaewoo, Eunyoung Lee, Yula Jeon, Ji Eun Jang, Yundeok Kim, June-Won Cheong, and Yoo Hong Min. "Improved Sensitivity and Discriminative Power of Factor FVIII Assay By Applying Turbidimetric Clotting Curve Analysis." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 2853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2853.2853.

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Abstract Background: The need for sensitive detection of coagulation factor between the levels of 0.0 and1.0% is now growing continuously. The most popular method of measuring factor VIII (FVIII) activity is one stage clotting time (activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT)-based assay. From the first and the second derivatives of the original turbidimetric curve, the velocity and acceleration of clot formation can be followed and parameters like maximum velocity (peak1) and acceleration (peak2) of clot formation can also be derived. We examined the limit of detection of FVIII activities measured based on clotting time, peak1 and peak2, following the recommendations from Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline. Method: We performed APTT with sample/reagent volume and incubation time modified to be identical to those adopted for factor assay on factor deficient plasma as blank and plasmas prepared to have variable FVIII activities from 0.1 to 1.6%. Peak1 and Peak2 were also measured to determine the limit of blank (LoB) and limit of detection (LoD) corresponding to each parameter. Also, by modifying the method of LoB and LoD determination, we determined lower limit of 1.0% (lower Lo1) corresponding to each parameter. Results: The mean clotting time of blank sample (FVIII 0.0%) was 131.4 ± 1.90 seconds (mean ± SD). Thus, 95% of clotting times measured from a blank sample (FVIII 0.0%) are longer than 128.3 seconds, which was determined to be the LoB for clotting time. The pooled standard deviation (SD) of clotting times measured from low FVIII samples was 2.29 seconds and 124.49 seconds which was the theoretically minimum value that was statistically different from LoB was set as the clotting time corresponding to LoD of FVIII. The LoD clotting time was between the clotting times of FVIII 0.2% and FVIII 0.4% sample and 0.4% was safely determined to be LoD of FVIII. This implied that plasma sample with at least 0.4% FVIII level was guaranteed to be measured higher than blank (FVIII 0.0%) sample. The mean peak1 height for blank sample was 21.4 ± 0.68 and LoB peak height was determined to be 22.53. The pooled SD for peak1 height was 0.68 and peak1 height of LoD was calculated to be 23.63. Because the mean peak1 height for 0.2% sample was 24.27, the LoD FVIII activity could be safely determined to be 0.2%. Thus, by applying peak1 as primary measure to estimate FVIII activity, the sensitivity of FVIII assay was increased with lower LoD of 0.2% compared with clotting time based assay. For peak2 height, LoB and LoD peak2 height were 14.86 and 18.59 respectively and The LoD could be set at FVIII 0.4%. Next, we determined lower Lo1, which meant FVIII level that was guaranteed to be measured significantly lower than 1.0% sample. For clotting time, lower Lo1 was FVIII 0.2% and for peak1 and 2 FVIII, was 0.4%. These results implied that by conventional clotting time based FVIII assay FVIII activity between 0.0 and 1.0% could not be measured credibly. FVIII should be at least 0.4% to be ever detected but ironically FVIII should be less than 0.2% to be assuredly measured lower than 1.0%. However, with peak1 there was an interval of FVIII value that could be assured to be measured higher than 0.0% but lower than 1.0%. Conclusion: We concluded that the maximum clotting velocity derived from turbidimetric curve analysis can be applied to measure FVIII activity between 0.0 and 1.0% credibly. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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2

Ounoughene, Youcef, Elise Fourgous, Yvan Boublik, Estelle Saland, Nathan Guiraud, Christian Recher, Serge Urbach, et al. "SHED-Dependent Oncogenic Signaling of the PEAK3 Pseudo-Kinase." Cancers 13, no. 24 (December 17, 2021): 6344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13246344.

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The PEAK1 and Pragmin/PEAK2 pseudo-kinases have emerged as important components of the protein tyrosine kinase pathway implicated in cancer progression. They can signal using a scaffolding mechanism that involves a conserved split helical dimerization (SHED) module. We recently identified PEAK3 as a novel member of this family based on structural homology; however, its signaling mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that, although it can self-associate, PEAK3 shows higher evolutionary divergence than PEAK1/2. Moreover, the PEAK3 protein is strongly expressed in human hematopoietic cells and is upregulated in acute myeloid leukemia. Functionally, PEAK3 overexpression in U2OS sarcoma cells enhanced their growth and migratory properties, while its silencing in THP1 leukemic cells reduced these effects. Importantly, an intact SHED module was required for these PEAK3 oncogenic activities. Mechanistically, through a phosphokinase survey, we identified PEAK3 as a novel inducer of AKT signaling, independent of growth-factor stimulation. Then, proteomic analyses revealed that PEAK3 interacts with the signaling proteins GRB2 and ASAP1/2 and the protein kinase PYK2, and that these interactions require the SHED domain. Moreover, PEAK3 activated PYK2, which promoted PEAK3 tyrosine phosphorylation, its association with GRB2 and ASAP1, and AKT signaling. Thus, the PEAK1-3 pseudo-kinases may use a conserved SHED-dependent mechanism to activate specific signaling proteins to promote oncogenesis.
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3

Romanenko, S. V., A. G. Stromberg, and T. N. Pushkareva. "Modeling of analytical peaks: Peaks properties and basic peak functions." Analytica Chimica Acta 580, no. 1 (October 2006): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.050.

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4

Shi, Chenfu, Magnus Rattray, and Gisela Orozco. "HiChIP-Peaks: a HiChIP peak calling algorithm." Bioinformatics 36, no. 12 (March 24, 2020): 3625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa202.

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Abstract Motivation HiChIP is a powerful tool to interrogate 3D chromatin organization. Current tools to analyse chromatin looping mechanisms using HiChIP data require the identification of loop anchors to work properly. However, current approaches to discover these anchors from HiChIP data are not satisfactory, having either a very high false discovery rate or strong dependence on sequencing depth. Moreover, these tools do not allow quantitative comparison of peaks across different samples, failing to fully exploit the information available from HiChIP datasets. Results We develop a new tool based on a representation of HiChIP data centred on the re-ligation sites to identify peaks from HiChIP datasets, which can subsequently be used in other tools for loop discovery. This increases the reliability of these tools and improves recall rate as sequencing depth is reduced. We also provide a method to count reads mapping to peaks across samples, which can be used for differential peak analysis using HiChIP data. Availability and implementation HiChIP-Peaks is freely available at https://github.com/ChenfuShi/HiChIP_peaks. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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5

Kalesse, Heike, Teresa Vogl, Cosmin Paduraru, and Edward Luke. "Development and validation of a supervised machine learning radar Doppler spectra peak-finding algorithm." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 8 (August 30, 2019): 4591–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4591-2019.

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Abstract. In many types of clouds, multiple hydrometeor populations can be present at the same time and height. Studying the evolution of these different hydrometeors in a time–height perspective can give valuable information on cloud particle composition and microphysical growth processes. However, as a prerequisite, the number of different hydrometeor types in a certain cloud volume needs to be quantified. This can be accomplished using cloud radar Doppler velocity spectra from profiling cloud radars if the different hydrometeor types have sufficiently different terminal fall velocities to produce individual Doppler spectrum peaks. Here we present a newly developed supervised machine learning radar Doppler spectra peak-finding algorithm (named PEAKO). In this approach, three adjustable parameters (spectrum smoothing span, prominence threshold, and minimum peak width at half-height) are varied to obtain the set of parameters which yields the best agreement of user-classified and machine-marked peaks. The algorithm was developed for Ka-band ARM zenith-pointing radar (KAZR) observations obtained in thick snowfall systems during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) mobile facility AMF2 deployment at Hyytiälä, Finland, during the Biogenic Aerosols – Effects on Clouds and Climate (BAECC) field campaign. The performance of PEAKO is evaluated by comparing its results to existing Doppler peak-finding algorithms. The new algorithm consistently identifies Doppler spectra peaks and outperforms other algorithms by reducing noise and increasing temporal and height consistency in detected features. In the future, the PEAKO algorithm will be adapted to other cloud radars and other types of clouds consisting of multiple hydrometeors in the same cloud volume.
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6

Folley, Joe P. "Systematic errors in the measurement of peak area and peak height for overlapping peaks." Journal of Chromatography A 384 (January 1987): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94679-5.

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7

Striegel, André M., and Deborah A. Striegel. "Peak Fraction Purity and Chromatographic Resolution: Gaussian Peaks Revisited." Chromatographia 85, no. 1 (January 2022): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10337-021-04112-0.

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8

Radetzki, Marian. "Peak Oil and other threatening peaks—Chimeras without substance." Energy Policy 38, no. 11 (November 2010): 6566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.07.049.

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9

Sunta, C. M., Ayta W. E. Feria, T. M. Piters, and S. Watanabe. "Limitation of peak fitting and peak shape methods for determination of activation energy of thermoluminescence glow peaks." Radiation Measurements 30, no. 2 (April 1999): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4487(99)00033-5.

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10

OU, Linjun, and Jian CAO. "A peak recognition algorithm designed for chromatographic peaks of transformer oil." Chinese Journal of Chromatography 32, no. 9 (2014): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1123.2014.05008.

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11

Kitis, G., and V. Pagonis. "Peak shape methods for general order thermoluminescence glow-peaks: A reappraisal." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 262, no. 2 (September 2007): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.05.027.

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12

Reh, E. "Peak-shape analysis for unresolved peaks in chromatography: comparison of algorithms." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 14, no. 1 (January 1995): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(95)91139-j.

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13

Li, Jianwei. "Development and Evaluation of Flexible Empirical Peak Functions for Processing Chromatographic Peaks." Analytical Chemistry 69, no. 21 (November 1997): 4452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac970481d.

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14

Zhu, Honghai, and Jun Dong. "An R-peak detection method based on peaks of Shannon energy envelope." Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 8, no. 5 (September 2013): 466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2013.01.001.

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15

Reh, E. "An algorithm for peak-shape analysis for differentiating unresolved peaks in chromatography." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 12, no. 5 (May 1993): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(93)80019-g.

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Li, Jianwei. "Comparison of the capability of peak functions in describing real chromatographic peaks." Journal of Chromatography A 952, no. 1-2 (April 2002): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00090-0.

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17

Zhiyao Duan, B. Pardo, and Changshui Zhang. "Multiple Fundamental Frequency Estimation by Modeling Spectral Peaks and Non-Peak Regions." IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 18, no. 8 (November 2010): 2121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2010.2042119.

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18

Grytten, Ivar, Knut D. Rand, Alexander J. Nederbragt, Geir O. Storvik, Ingrid K. Glad, and Geir K. Sandve. "Graph Peak Caller: Calling ChIP-seq peaks on graph-based reference genomes." PLOS Computational Biology 15, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): e1006731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006731.

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19

Maghrabi, Mufeed. "Dependence of the peak shift, peak height and FWHM of thermoluminescence peaks on the heating rate and trap parameters." Journal of Luminescence 198 (June 2018): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.02.013.

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20

Turrigiano, G. G., A. Van Wormhoudt, L. Ogden, and A. I. Selverston. "Partial purification, tissue distribution and modulatory activity of a crustacean cholecystokinin-like peptide." Journal of Experimental Biology 187, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.187.1.181.

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Reversed-phase chromatography was used to separate several forms of cholecystokinin-like peptides (CCKLP) from the pericardial organs (PCOs) of the spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus. Fast protein liquid chromatography of PCOs, stomatogastric ganglia (STGs) and eyestalks revealed five peaks of CCKLP (peaks A-E) that were common to all three tissues, as well as two additional peaks (peaks F and G) in the STG. Peaks A-E were present in the hemolymph of fed, but not starved, lobsters. The bioactivity of peaks A-E was tested on the gastric mill rhythm of the isolated STG. Only peak E elicited activity. The effects of peak E included activating the gastric mill rhythm in quiescent preparations and strengthening existing rhythms in a dose-dependent manner. Further purification of peak E by high performance liquid chromatography resolved this peak into two immunoreactive peaks, one of which retained its bioactivity. The effects of peak E were blocked by the CCK antagonist proglumide. These results are consistent with a role for peak E in the feeding-induced activation of the gastric mill.
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21

Vecchio, K. S. "The Effect of Coherent Bremsstrahlung Peaks in AEM Studies of Grain Boundary Segregation." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100118163.

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Recently coherent bremsstrahlung (CB) peaks have been detected in x-ray spectra in the analytical electron microscope (AEM). It has been suggested that CB peaks, which are Gaussian, may either mask, or be misinterpreted as elemental peaks in x-ray spectra. A method for identifying and isolating these peaks has been presented, The problem of CB peaks is particularly severe in AEM grain boundary segregation studies, because the amount of segregant in the interaction volume is small (<∼3 wt%), the x-ray counting times are long, and as a result the CB peak intensities can approximate to the expected segregant peak intensity. The misleading effects of CB can be either to produce pseudo-element peaks close to true element peak positions, or to overestimate the true element peak intensity when the CB peaks are superimposed on the x-ray peak of the segregant. This article reports an investigation of the effects of CB on segregation studies in Cu and Fe.
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22

Kruczyk, Marcin, Husen M. Umer, Stefan Enroth, and Jan Komorowski. "Peak Finder Metaserver - a novel application for finding peaks in ChIP-seq data." BMC Bioinformatics 14, no. 1 (2013): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-14-280.

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23

Kalita, J. M., and M. L. Chithambo. "Concerning a hole trap in α-Al2O3:C,Mg." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 015103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0092064.

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We report the existence of a hole trap in α-Al2O3:C,Mg as determined using thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). The associated experiments are based on the hypotheses that if a TL glow peak is associated with a hole trap in the glow curve of α-Al2O3:C,Mg, that hole trap will not participate in any light-induced electron-transfer process and its removal will not cause the OSL intensity to decrease. To examine the first hypothesis, a TL glow curve was recorded at 1 °C/s to establish the position of glow peaks. There is a high intensity peak at 184 °C (labeled as peak IV) and eight secondary peaks at 48, 80, 108, 228, 288, 320, 386, and 426 °C (peaks I, II, III, and V–IX). The light-induced charge transfer between various electron traps associated with the peaks was studied. This study reveals that all peaks except the one at 228 °C (peak V) participate in the charge-transfer process. A test of the second hypothesis shows that peak V is also not reproduced by illumination (phototransfer), and the depletion of this peak does not influence the charge-transfer process. An additional study on the effect of temperature on the TL and OSL intensity was carried out to further assess the nature of the charge traps associated with the peaks. The depletion of peak V does not affect the OSL intensity. The results from both experiments are clear evidence consistent with the hypothesis that the charge trap associated with peak V is a hole trap.
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24

Brown, D. B., B. Cordis, J. V. Gilfrict, and CM Dozier. "Separation of Txrf Peaks and Background Using a Spreadsheet." Advances in X-ray Analysis 39 (1995): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800023259.

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In TXRF analysis of impurities in Si wafers, one of the analytical problems is the separation of the peaks of interest (e.g., fluorescence peaks from Fe or Cr) from various background artifacts. These background artifacts include (a) a large Si Kα fluorescence peak, (b) a large peak from the scattered and diffracted primary beam (e.g., W Lβ), (c) a continuum background, (d) scattered radiation in the vicinity of the primary beam peak, (e) an escape peak from the primary beam peak, and (f) spurious Fe and Ni peaks from the detector. This paper will present a scheme for the separation of these components using a fitting procedure based on a commercial spreadsheet.
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25

Coelho, Alan A. "An indexing algorithm independent of peak position extraction for X-ray powder diffraction patterns." Journal of Applied Crystallography 50, no. 5 (August 24, 2017): 1323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576717011359.

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Lattice parameter determination from X-ray powder diffraction patterns, called indexing, invariably requires the extraction of peak positions which are then used by indexing algorithms that are peak position dependent. The success of these algorithms depends on the accuracy of the extracted peak positions. Peak positions that do not overlap significantly with nearby peaks can be readily determined with great accuracy. However, in heavily overlapped regions it is difficult to determine the number of peaks and even more difficult to determine the peak positions accurately. This paper describes a new indexing algorithm,Lp-Search, that is implemented in the computer programTOPAS Version 7(Bruker AXS, Karlsruhe, Germany).Lp-Searchdoes not require peak position extraction nor does it require knowledge of the number of peaks present.Lp-Searchcombines Monte Carlo searches of lattice parameter space with a Pawley refinement used at the end of each search. Critical to the success of the Monte Carlo search is a new figure of merit function which allows the parameter space to be searched efficiently.Lp-Searchhas proved to be effective for patterns with heavily overlapped peaks; monoclinic to cubic lattices are successfully indexed in a matter of seconds and triclinic lattices within a minute or two. Diffraction patterns spanning a limited range, such that 30–40 peaks of the highestdspacing peaks are omitted, can be successfully indexed; this demonstrates the robust nature ofLp-Search.
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26

Magalas, L. B., and M. Majewski. "Ghost internal friction peaks, ghost asymmetrical peak broadening and narrowing: Misunderstandings, consequences and solution." Materials Science and Engineering: A 521-522 (September 2009): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2008.10.073.

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27

Fornstedt, Torgny, and Douglas Westerlund. "Effects on analyte peak performance by separated system peaks in ion-pair adsorption chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 648, no. 2 (October 1993): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80413-3.

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28

Min Cao, Gong. "Quantitation of unresolved chromatographic peak using overlapping ratio of profiles of standard chromatographic peaks." Journal of Chromatography A 746, no. 2 (October 1996): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(96)00341-x.

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29

Geeven, Geert, Hans Teunissen, Wouter de Laat, and Elzo de Wit. "peakC: a flexible, non-parametric peak calling package for 4C and Capture-C data." Nucleic Acids Research 46, no. 15 (May 25, 2018): e91-e91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky443.

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30

Valderrama, Joaquin T., Angel de la Torre, Isaac Alvarez, Jose Carlos Segura, A. Roger D. Thornton, Manuel Sainz, and Jose Luis Vargas. "Automatic quality assessment and peak identification of auditory brainstem responses with fitted parametric peaks." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 114, no. 3 (May 2014): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2014.02.015.

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31

Kuzuha, Yasuhisa, Kunio Tomosugi, Tokuo Kishii, and Yosuke Komatsu. "Coefficient of variation of annual flood peaks: variability of flood peak and rainfall intensity." Hydrological Processes 23, no. 4 (February 15, 2009): 546–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7184.

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32

Brody, Carlos D. "Correlations Without Synchrony." Neural Computation 11, no. 7 (October 1, 1999): 1537–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016133.

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Peaks in spike train correlograms are usually taken as indicative of spike timing synchronization between neurons. Strictly speaking, however, a peak merely indicates that the two spike trains were not independent. Two biologically plausible ways of departing from independence that are capable of generating peaks very similar to spike timing peaks are described here: covariations over trials in response latency and covariations over trials in neuronal excitability. Since peaks due to these interactions can be similar to spike timing peaks, interpreting a correlogram may be a problem with ambiguous solutions. What peak shapes do latency or excitability interactions generate? When are they similar to spike timing peaks? When can they be ruled out from having caused an observed correlogram peak? These are the questions addressed here. The previous article in this issue proposes quantitative methods to tell cases apart when latency or excitability covariations cannot be ruled out.
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ZHANG, L., G. LIU, X. LENG, X. B. XU, S. Y. DING, Y. L. JIAO, and L. XIAO. "MAGNETIZATION OF Ag-Y1.8Ba2.4Cu3.4O7-x." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 01n03 (January 30, 2005): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205028475.

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Three MTG Ag-Y1.8Ba2.4Cu3.4O7-x samples were fabricated to study the effect of doping Ag on magnetization. Magnetizations measured at various temperatures and fields show two peaks for all samples: the first peak in low field and second peak in middle field. We examined the effect of doping Ag and temperature on these peaks and discussed the origin of the peaks.
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Wu, Xiu Sheng, Ju Fang Cao, Zhi Jun Chen, and Wei Liu. "Low-Frequency Mechanical Spectroscopy of Lanthanum Cobaltite Based Mixed Conducting Oxides." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0272.

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Abstract The low-frequency mechanical spectra of lanthanum cobaltite based mixed conducting oxides have been measured using a computer-controlled inverted torsion pendulum. The results indicate that the internal friction spectra and shear modulus depend on the Sr doping contents (x). For undoped samples, no internal friction peak is observed. However, for La0.8Sr0.2CoO3‒δ, three internal friction peaks (P2, P3 and P4) are observed. In addition to these peaks, two more peaks (P0 and P1) are observed in La0.6Sr0.4CoO3‒δ. The P0 and P1 peaks show characteristics of a phase transition, while the P2, P3 and P4 peaks are of relaxation-type. Our analysis suggests that the P0 peak is due to a phase separation and the P1 peak is related to the ferromagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition. The P2, P3 and P4 peaks are associated with the motion of domain walls. The formation of this kind of domain structure is a consequence of a transformation from the paraelastic cubic phase to the ferroelastic rhombohedral phase. With partial substitution of Fe for Co, only one peak is observed, which is discussed as a result of different microstructure.
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Bunge, H. J., P. R. Morris, and C. U. Nauer-Gerhardt. "ODF-Analysis of Multipeak Textures." Textures and Microstructures 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.11.1.

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Multipeak textures are defined by an orientation distribution function consisting of a large number (e.g. 100) of narrow peaks (e.g. 1°) at the orientations gi. Between these peaks the orientation density drops to zero. The peak orientations gi can be calculated from corresponding peak positions in one or several pole figures. Whether this procedure is unique or not depends on the number of peaks and the experimental uncertainty of the peak positions. The number of possible “ghost” positions may thus be estimated. A search procedure is described by which the orientations gi can be found from peak positions in three pole figures. The procedure was tested with several sets of randomly distributed orientations gi.
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Kabir, Ahsanul, Humaira Yeasmin, Md Abu Hasan, MS Rahman, MA Hoque, Pradip K. Bakshi, and AA Shaikh. "Effect of pH on the Electrochemical Redox Behavior of Co2+ in Acetate Buffer Solution." Dhaka University Journal of Science 65, no. 2 (July 5, 2017): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v65i2.54517.

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The electrochemical redox behavior of transition metal ion Co2+ at different pH in acetate buffer solution has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry at glassy carbon electrode (GCE). In cyclic voltammograms (CVs), Co2+ shows a pair of cathodic and a pair of anodic peak. The peak potential separation and peak current ratio reveals that the redox process of the redox couples, Co2+/Co+ and Co+/Co followed a quasi-reversible behavior and are two step one-electron transfer processes. The electrochemical processes are diffusion controlled. The nature of CV of Co2+ has greatly influenced by the potential scan rate and solution pH. With increasing scan rate both cathodic peaks shifted towards negative potential and first cathodic peak was eventually diminished. In the reverse direction, unexpected behavior such as distinguishable second anodic peak, identical heights of two anodic peaks, three humps like peaks and finally domination of second anodic peak were noticed. However, in lower pH all the above mentioned behavior appeared with higher scan rate. While at higher pH of the solution the peculiar behavior was found at lower scan rate. Nevertheless, at pH 6.5, it demonstrated intense cathodic peaks and a very large anodic peak at all scan rates. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 65(2): 107-112, 2017 (July)
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37

KOKAZE, A., M. YOSHIDA, Y. SEKINE, M. ISHIKAWA, T. KUROKOCHI, Y. UCHIDA, N. MATSUNAGA, and Y. TAKASHIMA. "The magnitude of variation in temperature within a year has an effect on the seasonal variations of chickenpox incidence in Japan." Epidemiology and Infection 126, no. 2 (April 2001): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268801005246.

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We investigated the epidemic pattern of chickenpox incidence among 47 prefectures in Japan. There were two peaks in chickenpox incidence in all prefectures. The first peaks appear at almost the same time in a year, while the second peaks occur at different times with relatively different types of size and shape. The feature of the second peak might characterize the epidemic pattern of chickenpox. We first introduced the second peak index, that is, the ratio of the difference between the incidence at the point of the second peak and the minimum incidence between the first and second peaks to the difference between the incidence at the point of the second peak and the minimum incidence in the year. There was a close correlation between the second peak index and the magnitude of variation in temperature within a year corresponding to the difference between the maximum and the minimum of the monthly mean of the highest daily temperature. This is the first article focusing on the close relationship between the second peak of epidemic pattern of chickenpox incidence and the variation of temperature within a year.
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38

Fuyuto, Takayuki, and Masahiro Taki. "Noise-canceling spike between pilot and main-pressure-rise peaks of multiple-injection diesel combustion." International Journal of Engine Research 20, no. 7 (June 10, 2019): 788–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419848236.

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A previous study addressed combustion-noise reduction by optimizing the interval between two peaks in the pressure-rise rate (dP/dθ) of premixed charge combustion ignition with the split injection of fuel in diesel engines. Noise canceling occurs between two dP/dθ peaks, which reduces the overall combustion noise by lowering the maximum frequency component of the noise spectrum. The period of this frequency is twice the interval between the two dP/dθ peaks. We named this noise-reduction technique “noise-canceling spike” because it relies on the interference between a spike in the pressure rise and the preceding peak in the pressure rise. The time interval between the dP/dθ peaks must be controlled precisely to enable the utilization of the noise-canceling spike. In this article, the theory of the noise-canceling spike between the dP/dθ peak of the pilot injection and a single dP/dθ peak of the main injection is explained relatively simply, using experimental data analysis and zero-dimensional cycle simulations to prove that the noise-canceling spike is a universal phenomenon which occurs between the two dP/dθ peaks independently of the combustion (injection) strategy. Then, the theory of the noise-canceling spike is extended to those cases with three or more dP/dθ peaks, in which the noise-canceling spike can occur between every pair of dP/dθ peaks. Finally, we prove that the noise-canceling spike can occur between the dP/dθ peak of the pilot heat release and the multiple dP/dθ peaks of the main heat release in diesel combustion. The noise-canceling spike between the dP/dθ peak of the pilot combustion and the first dP/dθ peak of the main combustion becomes the dominating factor which reduces the overall combustion noise. In addition, the reasons why there have previously been no reports of the canceling and amplifying between the two dP/dθ peaks are discussed.
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39

Ushijima, Masaru, Satoshi Miyata, Shinto Eguchi, Masanori Kawakita, Masataka Yoshimoto, Takuji Iwase, Futoshi Akiyama, et al. "Common Peak Approach Using Mass Spectrometry Data Sets for Predicting the Effects of Anticancer Drugs on Breast Cancer." Cancer Informatics 3 (January 2007): 117693510700300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/117693510700300029.

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We propose a method for biomarker discovery from mass spectrometry data, improving the common peak approach developed by Fushiki et al. ( BMC Bioinformatics, 7:358, 2006). The common peak method is a simple way to select the sensible peaks that are shared with many subjects among all detected peaks by combining a standard spectrum alignment and kernel density estimates. The key idea of our proposed method is to apply the common peak approach to each class label separately. Hence, the proposed method gains more informative peaks for predicting class labels, while minor peaks associated with specific subjects are deleted correctly. We used a SELDI-TOF MS data set from laser microdissected cancer tissues for predicting the treatment effects of neoadjuvant therapy using an anticancer drug on breast cancer patients. The AdaBoost algorithm is adopted for pattern recognition, based on the set of candidate peaks selected by the proposed method. The analysis gives good performance in the sense of test errors for classifying the class labels for a given feature vector of selected peak values.
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40

David, W. I. F. "On the number of independent reflections in a powder diffraction pattern." Journal of Applied Crystallography 32, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 654–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889899003428.

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Peak overlap in powder diffraction patterns necessarily implies that the number of visible peaks is less than the number of Bragg peaks. While the number of Bragg reflections is easily enumerated, the number of statistically independent Bragg peaks is not. In this paper, it is shown that, although there is no single or simple answer to this problem, Bragg peak intensity correlation is a well behaved statistical quantity that can be used to express a measure of the number of independent peaks.
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41

Sadek, A. M., H. M. Eissa, A. M. Basha, and G. Kitis. "Resolving the limitation of the peak fitting and peak shape methods in the determination of the activation energy of thermoluminescence glow peaks." Journal of Luminescence 146 (February 2014): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2013.10.031.

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42

He, Wenhe, Jianjiao Wang, Yaping Liu, Zhipeng Qin, Cuimin Sun, Hui You, Xiangfu Wei, and Ying Liu. "A Novel Symmetrical Peak Fitting Method Based on Improved WOA Algorithm for the Analysis of Microchip Electrophoresis Signals." Symmetry 14, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 2603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14122603.

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The problem of overlapping peaks has been a challenge in microchip electrophoresis (ME) signal analysis. However, traditional peak fitting algorithms have difficulty analyzing overlapping peaks due to the high dependence on the starting point. In this study, we propose a symmetrical peak fitting method named the tent-mapped whale optimization algorithm and Levenberg–Marquardt (TWOALM), which combines a whale optimization algorithm (WOA) improved by one of the most commonly used chaotic maps, the tent map and the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm. Specifically, we first derive the fitted model for the overlapping peaks, showing that it is separable nonlinear least squares, significantly reducing the number of parameters to be optimized. Second, we integrate the tent map into the WOA, which improves the convergence speed of the peak fitting algorithm. Finally, we propose an efficient peak-fitting algorithm that combines the improved WOA and LM. The advantage of the proposed algorithm is that it is significantly faster than WOA and significantly more accurate than the LM algorithm. The results of fitting the synthetic peaks and ME signals showed that the combination of the chaotic map-based WOA algorithm and the LM algorithm can significantly improve the peak fitting performance and provide an effective solution for the analysis of overlapping peaks.
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43

Wan, Di Qing, and Ya Juan Liu. "Low Frequency Mechanical Spectroscopy of High Damping Mg-3wt.%Ni Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1761.

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The Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) was applied to investigate the low frequency mechanical spectroscopy response of as-cast high damping Mg-3wt.%Ni hypoeutectic alloys. There are two peaks appearing on the temperature dependent damping spectrum (-100 - 420 °C). The broad peak P1 is overlapped by some small peaks due to the thermally activated dislocation movement, while the P2 peak is a solute grain boundary relaxation peak.
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44

Guo, Q., H. P. Zhang, Z. Lu, H. Y. Bai, P. Wen, and W. H. Wang. "Boson peak: Damped phonon in solids." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 14 (October 3, 2022): 142204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0103336.

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The boson peak has long been considered an exclusive fingerprint of structural glasses, attributed to the disordered structure nature of glass. However, numerous studies also revealed the existence of boson peaks in many crystalline materials. The paradox is an unsolved knot in condensed matter physics. Here, we systematically explore the boson peaks in various disordered materials via a low-temperature specific heat perspective. A linear relationship between the boson peak temperature and the transverse sound velocity is well established, which indicates the phonon nature of the boson peak. Further analysis reveals that the boson peak is a ubiquitous hallmark of all solids that originates from the transverse mode damping, and glasses with disordered structures could enhance the phonon damping and result in the distinct boson peak phenomenon. The results have benefits for a better understanding of the structural origins of boson peaks.
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45

Matsusue, Eiji, Chie Inoue, Sadaharu Tabuchi, Hiroki Yoshioka, Yuichiro Nagao, Kensuke Matsumoto, Kazuhiko Nakamura, and Shinya Fujii. "Utility of 3T single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy for differentiating intracranial meningiomas from intracranial enhanced mass lesions." Acta Radiologica Open 10, no. 4 (April 2021): 205846012110094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20584601211009472.

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Background Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides structural and metabolic information that is useful for the diagnosis of meningiomas with atypical radiological appearance. However, the metabolite that should be prioritized for the diagnosis of meningiomas has not been established. Purpose To evaluate the differences between the metabolic peaks of meningiomas and other intracranial enhanced mass lesions (non-meningiomas) using MR spectroscopy in short echo time (TE) spectra and the most useful metabolic peak for discriminating between the groups. Material and Methods The study involved 9 meningiomas, 22 non-meningiomas, intracranial enhancing tumors and abscesses, and 15 normal controls. The ranking of the peak at 3.8 ppm, peak at 3.8 ppm/Creatine (Cr), β-γ Glutamine-Glutamate (bgGlx)/Cr, N-acetyl compounds (NACs)/Cr, choline (Cho)/Cr, lipid and/or lactate (Lip-Lac) at 1.3 ppm/Cr, and the presence of alanine (Ala) were derived. The metabolic peaks were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. ROC analysis was used to determine the cut-off values for differentiating meningiomas from non-meningiomas using statistically significant metabolic peaks. Results The ranking of the peak at 3.8 ppm among all the peaks, peak at 3.8 ppm/Cr, bgGlx/Cr, Lip-Lac/Cr, and the presence of Ala discriminated meningiomas from non-meningiomas with moderate to high accuracy. The highest accuracy was 96.9% at a threshold value of 3 for the rank of the peak at 3.8 ppm. Conclusion A distinct elevated peak at 3.8 ppm, ranked among the top three highest peaks, allowed the detection of meningiomas.
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46

Mahanta, Hridoy Jyoti, and Ajoy Kumar Khan. "Improving Power Analysis Peak Distribution Using Canberra Distance to Address Ghost Peak Problem." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 12, no. 3 (July 2018): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisp.2018070103.

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This article describes how differential power analysis has laid the foundations of such an attack that has challenged the security of almost all cryptosystems like DES, AES, and RSA. This non-invasive attack first extracts the power consumption details from devices embedded with cryptographic techniques and then uses these details to mount attacks on the cryptosystems to reveal the secret key. However, at times there appears multiple similar power peaks at the same points. This raises confusion in distinguishing the actual and the fake peaks named “ghost peaks.” This ghost peak problem affects the efficiency of power analysis attacks as it increases the number of power traces to be evaluated to identify the actual peak. In this article, the authors present an approach which uses the Canberra distance with Euclidean similarity to address this ghost peak problem. The proposed solution diminishes the values of all these ghost peaks, leaving only the actual peak behind that could reveal the secret key.
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47

Davies, Christopher T., Marius Cautun, and Baojiu Li. "The self-similarity of weak lensing peaks." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 488, no. 4 (August 8, 2019): 5833–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2157.

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ABSTRACT We study the statistics of weak lensing convergence peaks, such as their abundance and two-point correlation function (2PCF), for a wide range of cosmological parameters Ωm and σ8 within the standard ΛCDM paradigm, focusing on intermediate-height peaks with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 1.5–3.5. We find that the cosmology dependence of the peak abundance can be described by a one-parameter fitting formula that is accurate to within $\sim 3{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. The peak 2PCFs are shown to feature a self-similar behaviour: if the peak separation is rescaled by the mean interpeak distance, catalogues with different minimum peak SNR values have identical clustering, which suggests that the peak abundance and clustering are closely interconnected. A simple fitting model for the rescaled 2PCF is given, which together with the peak abundance model above can predict peak 2PCFs with an accuracy better than $\sim 5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. The abundance and 2PCFs for intermediate peaks have very different dependencies on Ωm and σ8, implying that their combination can be used to break the degeneracy between these two parameters.
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48

Tremblay, Thomas-Louis, and Jacques Lapointe. "The so-called of Escherichia coli is a stable denatured conformer of the major isoacceptor." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 64, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o86-044.

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A single peak of tRNAGlu is obtained upon chromatography of unfractionated tRNA from Escherichia coli on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 if this tRNA was previously renatured, whereas two peaks of tRNAGlu are resolved if the sample chromatographed is a mixture of native (renatured) and denatured tRNA. Higher resolution analysis of native E. coli tRNA by RPC-5 chromatography showed that most of the tRNAGlu is present in one peak, eluted shortly after a minor peak containing about or less than 5% of the total amount of tRNAGlu; these two peaks were also observed with commercially available tRNAGlu purified from E. coli. When denatured, the tRNAGlu present in each of these two peaks was eluted from the RPC-5 column at a much lower salt concentration. The properties of the denatured conformers obtained from native tRNAGlu present in the major and minor peaks, and the variation, with growth conditions of E. coli, in the relative amount of tRNAGlu in the minor peak suggest that the tRNAGlu present in the minor peak is an undermodified form of the tRNAGlu present in the major peak. This [Formula: see text] (or [Formula: see text] when modified in the anticodon) would then be the only tRNA species acceptor of glutamate in E. coli.
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49

Saitoh, Naoki, and Norimitsu Akiba. "Ultraviolet Fluorescence Spectra of Fingerprints." Scientific World JOURNAL 5 (2005): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2005.43.

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We have studied inherent fluorescence spectra and imaging of fingerprints in the deep ultraviolet (UV) region with a nanosecond-pulsed Nd-YAG laser system that consists of a tunable laser, a cooled CCD camera, and a grating spectrometer. In this paper, we have studied UV fluorescence spectra of fingerprints under 266-nm illumination. Fluorescence spectra of fingerprints have two main peaks, around 330 nm (peak A) and 440 nm (peak B). At first, when a fingerprint has just been pressed, peak A is dominant. However, its intensity reduces as the total illumination time increases. On the other hand, peak B is weak at first. It appears after enough 266-nm illumination and its intensity increases as time elapses. After 3 h of illumination, peak A almost diminishes and peak B becomes dominant. By leaving the fingerprint under a fluorescent lamp in a room without laser illumination, peak A can be restored partly, while the intensity of peak B still increases.Time-resolved fluorescence spectra were also measured for these two peaks. The lifetime of each peak is 2.0 nsec (peak A) and 6.2 nsec (peak B) on average. Both peaks seem to consist of several components with different lifetimes. In the case of peak A, the 330-nm peak decays fast and a new component at 360 nm becomes dominant when the delay time exceeds 20 nsec. In the case of peak B, unlike peak A, no clear peak separation is observed, but the peak position seems to move from 440 to 460 nm when the delay time becomes larger.
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50

Fukuda, Eriko, Yoshihiro Uesawa, Masaki Baba, Ryuichiro Suzuki, Tatsuo Fukuda, Yoshiaki Shirataki, and Yoshihito Okada. "Identification of the Country of Growth of Sophora flavescens using Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS)." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 11 (November 2014): 1934578X1400901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400901116.

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In order to identify the country of growth of Sophora flavescens by chemical fingerprinting, extracts of plants grown in China and Japan were analyzed using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART)-MS. The peaks characteristic of each country of growth were statistically analyzed using a volcano plot to summarize the relationship between the p-values of a statistical test and the magnitude of the difference in the peak intensities of the samples in the groups. Peaks with a p value <0.05 in the t-test and a ≥2 absolute difference were defined as characteristic. Peaks characteristic of Chinese S. flavescens were found at m/z 439 and 440. In contrast, peaks characteristic of Japanese S. flavescens were found at m/z 313, 423, 437 and 441. The intensity of the selected peaks was similar in Japanese samples, whereas the m/z 439 peak had a significantly higher intensity than the other peaks in Chinese samples. Therefore, differences in selected peak patterns may allow identification of the country of growth of S. flavescens.
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