Academic literature on the topic 'Peacebuilding operations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Peacebuilding operations"
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Gippert, Birte J. "The sum of its parts? Sources of local legitimacy." Cooperation and Conflict 51, no. 4 (July 7, 2016): 522–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836716652426.
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The article analyses the sources of local actors’ legitimacy perceptions towards international peacebuilding operations. Local legitimacy perceptions are increasingly recognised as shaping local behaviour towards international peacebuilding, which influences the effective functioning of the operation. Legitimacy debates in peacebuilding are either absent or imported from the literature on domestic legitimacy, without respect to the specific temporal and spatial situation of international operations. The article first explores which legitimacy sources influence local legitimacy perceptions of international peacebuilding operations. It finds that two sources are relevant: output and procedure. Second, it investigates how exactly legitimacy arises from them. In doing so, it demonstrates that output and procedure are umbrella terms comprising several sub-elements which influence legitimacy in different, sometimes contradictory, ways. Finally, the article empirically explores which of the sources are important to local actors’ legitimacy perceptions using field data from the EU peacebuilding operations EULEX in Kosovo and EUPM Bosnia-Herzegovina.
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Wade, Lila. "Can You Pay for Peace?" Journal of International Peacekeeping 21, no. 1-2 (June 7, 2017): 152–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-02101005.
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Financing mechanisms are central to the operational efficacy of peace operations, yet current analysis of peacebuilding finance is atomistic, focusing on one domain, such as coordination or financing. To address the need for deeper understanding of how financing modalities affect peacebuilding outcomes, this paper identifies the trade-offs and opportunities of different financing schema across the lifespan of a peace operation. In order to parse the linkages between financing and outcomes, this paper examines: (1) control of donor funds within a transitional state; (2) budgeting for coordination and alignment; (3) promoting partnerships and participation through funding modalities; and (4) funding ‘quick impact’ projects to bridge the periods of immediate relief and long-term development. With reference to peacebuilding operations in Liberia after the 2003 Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement, this analysis highlights numerous innovations and experiments in the financing of peace operations, examining the advantages and disadvantages inherent in different approaches.
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Curran, David, and Charles T. Hunt. "Stabilization at the Expense of Peacebuilding in UN Peacekeeping Operations." Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 26, no. 1 (April 9, 2020): 46–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02601001.
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Abstract The “uploading” of stabilization to UN peacekeeping presents conceptual, political, and practical challenges to the UN’s role in global governance and international conflict management. While scholarly research on stabilization has generally focused on militarization, its relationship to peacebuilding in the context of UN peacekeeping is underexplored. This article examines that relationship. A survey of UN policy frameworks highlights the simultaneous emergence of stabilization and clear expressions of peacebuilding. The article then draws on fieldwork in Mali and the Democratic Republic of Congo to illustrate how stabilization is displacing peacebuilding in the practices of UN peacekeeping. The article argues that the politics of stabilization impede local forms of peacebuilding, at odds with the “Sustaining Peace” agenda, and risks jeopardizing the lauded conflict resolution potential of UN peacekeeping.
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Kuo, Steven C. Y. "Chinese Peace? An Emergent Norm in African Peace Operations." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 01, no. 01 (April 2015): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740015500086.
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The steady rise in Chinese participation in peace operations in Africa is a significant development in the post-Cold War collective security architecture. An aspect of China's rise and its challenge to the liberal global order is its contribution to post-conflict peacekeeping, peacebuilding, and peace-making in Africa, areas that have been dominated by the West. The purpose of this article is to bring together literatures that do not usually speak to one another: Chinese discourses on peacebuilding and the debate on the liberal peace in Africa. The subject of this article is the emerging "Chinese peace" discourse. By examining the "Chinese peace" — both its normative content and its on-the-ground participation in a comprehensive liberal peace project — as a part of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) — this article begins to highlight differences, identify tensions, and recognize complementarities between the dominant liberal and the emergent Chinese approach to peacebuilding.
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de Coning, Cedric. "Civil-Military Coordination and UN Peacebuilding Operations." Journal of International Peacekeeping 11, no. 1 (2007): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187541107x00042.
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Brynen, Rex. "(Ending) Civil War in the Classroom: A Peacebuilding Simulation." PS: Political Science & Politics 43, no. 01 (January 2010): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096510990719.
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AbstractThere often exists a problematic gap between more theoretical works on war-to-peace transitions, and the practical challenges that peacebuilding operations face in the field. This article describes the use of classroom simulation to highlight the complexity of contemporary multilateral peace operations. It describes the content and mechanics of the simulation, the issues that can arise in its operation, and strategies for most effectively integrating such a simulation into overall course objectives.
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Fleck, Dieter. "The Interplay Between ‘Peacetime’ Law and the Law of Armed Conflict: Consequences for Post-Conflict Peacebuilding." Journal of Conflict and Security Law 26, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krab007.
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Abstract Focussing on the interplay between rules of international law applicable in peacetime and rules applicable during armed conflicts, this contribution examines the impact on the jus post bellum. In this context certain specific legal obligations are discussed to answer the question whether and if so, how their application post-conflict may be affected by the peacebuilding process after the (former) armed conflict. Essential norms of the protection of victims during armed conflicts continue to be relevant for peace operations and post-conflict peacebuilding. This includes guiding principles and effective measures of control for operational detentions; law enforcement operations to secure the security and safety of peacekeepers; the protection of the environment and efforts to strengthen the role of States and international organizations as well as their accountability in post-conflict reconstruction. The author demonstrates that jus post bellum requires due diligence during military operations, responsible planning and precautions. He submits that post-conflict peacebuilding should be characterized by pragmatic limitation, conciliation and participation of the parties. This suggests certain deviations from peacetime principles and rules, deviations that may include certain limits of protection which will, however, be balanced out by the temporary nature of peacebuilding measures. While such interplay between the different branches of international law remains subject to changing situations, a few general principles are considered to be relevant for the jus post bellum. Even if codification remains difficult, further case-oriented research is encouraged to confirm general principles and rules of this important branch of international law.
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Kenkel, Kai Michael. "Brazil’s Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding Policies in Africa." Journal of International Peacekeeping 17, no. 3-4 (2013): 272–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-1704006.
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This article analyses the peacekeeping efforts of Brazil, an emerging power for which peacebuilding is a key element of its international presence, and which has been strongly critical of the dominant liberal paradigm. Peacebuilding is key to Brazil’s approach, as the country by tradition participates (with the contested exception of MINUSTAH) only in Chapter VI peace operations, abjuring the robust use of force. An activity such as peacebuilding which marries development and security concerns is an ideal setting for Brazil’s foreign policy aims; in order to gain a seat in global decisionmaking bodies, in the absence of hard power and the will to use it Brazil turns to peacebuilding to transform its domestic development successes into action in the security arena. The South American giant has also placed significant emphasis on Africa in part as a means to the end of underscoring – as a voice for the global South – its claim to greater international influence. This article will examine the motivations that underpin Brazil’s commitment to peacebuilding operations, as well as its commitment to that practice in Africa, which has taken place largely on a bilateral basis.
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Kühn, Florian P., and Mandy Turner. "Introduction: Peacebuilding, Peace Operations and Regime Change Wars." International Peacekeeping 19, no. 4 (August 2012): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2012.709745.
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Farrall, Jeremy. "Recurring Dilemmas in a Recurring Conflict: Evaluating the UN Mission in Liberia (2003–2006)." Journal of International Peacekeeping 16, no. 3-4 (2012): 306–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-1604006.
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This article applies Diehl & Druckman’s peace operation evaluation framework to the activities of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) during the Liberian transitional peace process (2003-2006). It finds that in general UNMIL performed strongly during the transitional period, particularly in relation to the core mission goals of violence abatement, conflict containment, conflict settlement and organizational effectiveness. UNMIL’s achievements were less clear and less pronounced in relation to the more complex areas of non-traditional and peacebuilding mission goals. The article also provides critical reflections on the framework for evaluating peace operations, arguing that it is difficult to escape the politics that influence the activities of peacekeeping and peacebuilding.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peacebuilding operations"
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SILVA, FRANCINE ROSSONE. "THE LIBERAL PEACE IN PEACEBUILDING OPERATIONS: THE LOCAL AND THE LIMITS OF CRITIQUE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20301@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROFUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A dissertação parte do desejo de investigar a proposta da crítica da paz liberal de transcendência da lógica liberal nas operações de peacebuilding. Iniciar essa discussão demanda uma especulação sobre as articulações discursivas que permitiram a construção de uma interpretação de paz em torno de normas e princípios reconhecidos no discurso liberal, bem como de noções particulares de institucionalização, democratização e liberalização. A partir desta análise, a pesquisa volta-se para um estudo das narrativas críticas que denunciam a disseminação pelas Nações Unidas de uma receita para a paz baseada em valores hegemônicos e universalizantes, que culmina na construção, por meio das operações de peacebuilding, de uma ordem vazia de significado para a sociedade pós-conflito. Uma vez esclarecido os principais pontos da perspectiva crítica da paz liberal, examina-se a possibilidade de transcendência da paz liberal em prol de uma paz pós-liberal e procura-se demonstrar os paradoxos inerentes à proposta crítica da paz liberal.
The dissertation begins with the desire to investigate the proposal of the critique of the liberal peace to transcend the liberal logic in peacebuilding operations. This discussion requires an analysis of the discursive practices that allowed the construction of an interpretation of peace around standards and principles recognized in liberal discourses, as well as particular notions of institutionalization, democratization and liberalization. From this analysis, the research turns to the study of critical narratives that denounces the dissemination by the United Nations of a recipe for peace based on hegemonic and universalizing values, culminating in the construction, through peacebuilding operations, of an order empty of meaning in post-conflict societies. Once clarified the main points of the critical perspective of the liberal peace, it examines the possibility of transcending the liberal peace in favor of a post-liberal peace and seeks to demonstrate the paradoxes inherent to the proposal offered by the critique of the liberal peace.
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Jensen, Elin G. "Organisational learning in UN peacebuilding operations : efforts at demilitarisation in Angola during the 1990s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439765.
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Kim, Duk H. "Nuturing peace United Nations peacebuilding operations in the aftermath of intrastate conflicts, 1945-2002 /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2007. http://etd.umsl.edu/r1981.
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Kmec, Vladimir. "The EU's approach to peacebuilding in common security and defence policy missions and operations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273869.
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The main purpose of this thesis is to provide an understanding of the EU’s approach to peacebuilding in its Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) missions and operations. The thesis explores why EU missions carry out mainly post-conflict peacebuilding tasks and whether the shift towards peacebuilding is about a substantial change of EU norms. The research analyses how peacebuilding in CSDP actions is framed, designed and operationalised through the complex decision- and policy-making processes within the CSDP. In particular, the thesis assesses how the EU’s approach to peacebuilding in the CSDP was influenced by the UN’s conceptualisation of peacebuilding and how the EU has developed its own distinctive approach to peacebuilding. While looking at the examples of civilian missions and military operations in Mali and in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the thesis provides insights into the operational dynamics of peacebuilding under the CSDP. The thesis argues that CSDP missions and operations reflect a normative and practical commitment of the EU to international peacebuilding. CSDP actions deployed in post-conflict scenarios follow the logic of liberal peacebuilding strategies while aiming at the stabilisation, reconstruction and building of the institutions of a functioning state, in particular the military, police and justice sectors. The EU pursues its peacebuilding activities under the CSDP in a comprehensive, case-specific and geopolitically strategic way as demonstrated by case studies of Mali and Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the same time, the research reveals that, although the shift towards peacebuilding in CSDP actions has been underpinned by a change of normative approaches, driven by the reform process of the UN peacekeeping, it also reflects the EU’s preferences, pragmatic limits and capability-expectation gaps in crisis management.
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Hedenberg, Ralph F. "Transition from peacekeeping to peacebuilding training/education implications /." View thesis, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA386337.
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Emil, Thillberg, and Martinsson Philip. "AU-Led Peace Operations : The Case of the AMISOM KDF’s Local Peacebuilding Engagement in Southern Somalia, Jubbaland Region." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-91063.
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Contemporary peace operations are deployed to increasingly complex, high-risk environments where localised armed groups, often those that can influence the trajectory of the conflict are not at the table, at the same time militaries are mandated to facilitate social, economic and political transformative processes in recovered areas. By the opening of the twenty-first century, the distinction between peacebuilding and military interventions converged both in policy and practice and increasing pressure are placed on the troop-contributing countries to adapt to the dynamics of ‘multidimensional peace operations. Drawing upon the intersection between the academic bodies of peacekeeping and counter-insurgency, this research argues that there is a growing amount of empirically grounded literature that seeks to critically assess missions’ peacebuilding capability, and more specifically its impact on local settings. Yet, most studies tend to be framed in relation to conflict abatement along reductionist approaches to development rather than analysing how and in what ways such missions aid in providing a stable polity, thus suggesting a need of further investigation about the phenomena. In contribution to the community of practice(s), this research draws upon the latest theoretical trend of peacebuilding, abiding to a system perspective of the 5 Capabilities Framework (5Cs). This, in order to attain an increased understanding of military actors’ involvement and ability to undertake early peacebuilding tasks, by studying the case of the Kenyan Defence Force (KDF) under the auspices of African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) in the Jubbaland region. Moreover, the research was operationalised through an on-ground collection of data in Kenya and Somalia, using unstructured and semi-structured interviews and draws upon a purposive sampling method to gather perspectives from a variety of actors involved in peace operation affairs. The study finds that the AMISOM KDF has played a key role in shaping the organisation’s peacebuilding policy, with a diverse portfolio engagement of both top-down and bottom-up character. Working predominantly through informal structures, much of their engagement is not aligned with the AMISOM civilian headquarters, in response to an environment with many challenges, resulting in a patchwork of practices with sectoral difference. Analytically, the 5Cs framework posit that an organisation must strike a balance between all capabilities in order to produce social value, something that the Kenyan contingents have struggled to achieve. While this unpacks a view of moderate, to low capacity for peacebuilding, it also generates an overall critique to the framework as it promotes a scenario which seems impossible to realise. Despite its ‘system-wide’ contribution, questions remain regarding the value of the framework in analysing local peacebuilding engagement in peace operations.
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Martinsson, Philip, and Emil Thillberg. "AU-led Peace Operations : The Case of the AMISOM KDF’s Local Peacebuilding Engagement in Southern Somalia, Jubbaland Region." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-91064.
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Contemporary peace operations are deployed to increasingly complex, high-risk environments where localised armed groups, often those that can influence the trajectory of the conflict are not at the table, at the same time militaries are mandated to facilitate social, economic and political transformative processes in recovered areas. By the opening of the twenty-first century, the distinction between peacebuilding and military interventions converged both in policy and practice and increasing pressure are placed on the troop contributing countries to adapt to the dynamics of ‘multidimensional peace operations’. Drawing upon the intersection between the academic bodies of peacekeeping and counter-insurgency, this research argues that there is a growing amount of empirically grounded literature that seeks to critically assess missions’ peacebuilding capability, and more specifically its impact on local settings. Yet, most studies tend to be framed in relation to conflict abatement along reductionist approaches to development rather than analysing how and in what ways such missions aid in providing a stable polity, thus suggesting a need of further investigation about the phenomena. In contribution to the community of practice(s), this research draws upon the latest theoretical trend of peacebuilding, abiding to a system perspective of the 5 Capabilities Framework (5Cs). This, in order to attain an increased understanding of military actors’ involvement and ability to undertake early peacebuilding tasks, by studying the case of the Kenyan Defense Force (KDF) under the auspices of African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) in the Jubbaland region. Moreover, the research was operationalised through an on-ground collection of data in Kenya and Somalia, using unstructured and semi-structured interviews and draws upon a purposive sampling method to gather perspectives from a variety of actors involved in peace operation affairs. The study finds that the AMISOM KDF have played a key role in shaping the organisation’s peacebuilding policy, with a diverse portfolio engagement of both top-down and bottom-up character. Working predominantly through informal structures, much of their engagement is not aligned with the AMISOM civilian headquarters, in response to an environment with many challenges, resulting in a patchwork of practices with sectoral difference. Analytically, the 5Cs framework posit that an organisation must strike a balance between all capabilities in order to produce social value, something that the Kenyan contingents have struggled to achieve. While this unpacks a view of moderate, to low capacity for peacebuilding, it also generates an overall critique to the framework as it promotes a scenario which seems impossible to realise. Despite its ‘system-wide’ contribution, questions remain regarding the value of the framework in analysing local peacebuilding engagement in peace operations.
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Stein, Sabrina. "When do comprehensive peacekeeping operations succeed? The case of the UN Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL) and the UN Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA)." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5517.
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United Nations (UN) Charter Article 42 authorizes the Security Council to take military action by air, sea or land if non-armed solutions fail to restore international peace and Article 43 states that UN members will keep troops and equipment available for the use of the Security Council. However, Article 43 never went into effect, leaving the UN without an alternative to diplomatic solutions. Canada's UN representative, Lester Pearson Bowles, proposed instituting peacekeeping missions to address this handicap and Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold established a peacekeeping framework, which included: agreement from the Security Council, agreement by parties involved, readiness of UN members to support mission, and the existence of a peace agreement. However, the UN's peacekeeping framework is often violated to address complex threats to international peace. This thesis will present an analysis of the UN peacekeeping framework and the UN Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL) and the UN Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA) to establish how the conflict in El Salvador and Guatemala determined ONUSAL's and MINUGUA's missions and how these deviate from the UN peacekeeping framework. The purpose of this study is to establish specific modifications that must be made to the classic UN peacekeeping framework based on conflict specifics to prevent UN peacekeeping failures.ID: 031001443; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Waltraud Morales.; Title from PDF title page (viewed June 26, 2013).; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-100).
M.A.
Masters
Political Science
Sciences
Political Science; International Studies
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Colares, Luciano da Silva. "A efetividade das operações de paz da ONU na consecução das atividades de “Post-Conflict Peace Building” (PCPB) pela análise da questão do Timor Leste : cumpre o que promete?" reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/183278.
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Em dezembro de 2012, após treze anos, três mandatos de operações de paz e dois mandatos de missões políticas, a ONU se retirava do território do Timor-Leste de maneira bastante discreta. Fechava-se, naquele momento, um ciclo de participação da Organização na vida política e econômica daquele país, que se iniciara com os episódios de violência de 1999, quando milicianos pró-indonésia tentaram impedir o processo político de autodeterminação do povo timorense. Herdando um país com suas infraestruturas destruídas e mais de um quarto de sua população refugiada ou deslocada internamente, a ONU não apenas pacificou o território como também empreendeu ali um processo de Post-conflict Peacebuilding (PCPB), onde sua participação variou entre o exercício pleno de todos os poderes soberanos atinentes às funções de governo de qualquer Estado ao apoio de assessores altamente especializados em prol do governo independente do Timor-Leste. O balanço final dessa participação é positivo na medida que revela um país com estruturas governamentais consolidadas, formalmente democrático e com boas taxas de crescimento econômico. Por outro lado, o combate à pobreza, a consolidação da pacificação social, a necessidade de maior participação popular na política e a redução da dependência de sua economia em relação ao petróleo seguem sendo desafios não resolvidos e, em grande medida, externalidades provocadas pela própria ONU.In December 2012, after thirteen years, three mandates of peace operations and two mandates of political missions, the UN withdrew from the territory of Timor-Leste in a rather discreet manner. At that moment, a cycle of the Organization's participation in the political and economic life of that country, which began with the 1999 episodes of violence, occurred when pro-Indonesian militiamen tried to impede the political process of self-determination of the Timorese people. Inheriting a country with its destroyed infrastructure and more than a quarter of its population refugee or internally displaced, the UN not only pacified the territory but also undertook a Post-conflict Peacebuilding (PCPB) process, where its participation ranged from full exercise of all sovereign powers pertaining to the government functions of any State to the support of highly specialized advisers for the independent government of Timor-Leste. The final balance of this participation is positive insofar as it reveals a country with consolidated government structures, formally democratic and good rates of economic growth. On the other hand, the fight against poverty, the consolidation of social pacification, the need for greater popular participation in politics and the reduction of dependence of its economy on oil remain unresolved challenges and, to a large extent, externalities caused by the UN itself.
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Etumba, Longila Boyengo Tristan. "Les opérations de maintien de la paix des Nations unies en République Démocratique du Congo : de la MONUC à la MONUSCO, un champ expérimentation du maintien de la paix ?" Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ0015.
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Les présences de forces de maintien de la paix des Nations unies (NU) sur le territoire de la République démocratique du Congo (RDC), de 1960 à 1964, puis de 1999 à nos jours, témoignent des crises politiques et sécuritaires qui secouent ce pays ainsi que des atrocités qui y sévissent avec un bilan humain et humanitaire marqué notamment par la mort de plus de cinq millions de Congolais et parmi les pires crimes commis contre l'humanité depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondialeDe 1960 à 2020, comment les opérations de maintien de la paix (OMP) ont-elles évolué au regard des résultats sur le terrain ? Comment les interventions et actions des NU en RDC ont-elles conduit la communauté internationale à envisager une transformation doctrinale et opérationnelle de ces interventions extérieures ?Le cas atypique des interventions et de la présence onusiennes en RDC a contraint les NU à de nombreuses révisions de ses doctrines d'intervention et de maintien de la paix permises par l'article 39 de sa charte.Ayant connu presque tous les types d'intervention, la RDC peut être considérée comme le meilleur cas de compréhension des OMP des NU, de leurs fondements, de leur évolution et de leur devenir par une nécessaire transformation.L'utilisation d'une méthodologie transversale croisant les méthodes historique, juridique et sociologique conduit à l'appréhension et la compréhension complexes des OMP et fonde l'envisagement d'une modélisation et d'une nouvelle approche doctrinale.L'étude des OMP en RDC contribue à la compréhension tant de l'évolution de ces doctrines et des mécanismes particuliers mis en place, qu'à considérer la RDC comme un véritable champ d'expérimentation opérationnel de la dilatation du maintien de la paix et des interventions de la communauté internationale au moyen de ses Casques bleus.Mais surtout il autorise à considérer cette expérimentation congolaise comme le point d'appui à une modélisation des opérations de consolidation de la paix intégrant des pratiques d'actions socio-humanitaires consolidant la paix et la stabilité.L'étude de ces OMP avec de conséquents moyens déployés en RDC par les Nations unies -jusqu'à près de 20 000 Casques bleus et fonctionnaires stationnés et plus de quinze milliards de dollars américains dépensés- montrent, au regard des résultats sur le terrain, la limite de la politique des moyens.L'étude des OMP en RDC conduit, en s'interrogeant sur l'efficacité de ces interventions au regard de la persistance de conflits meurtriers et non encore résolus par la communauté internationale, à revisiter les formes d'intervention, mais aussi et donc, à entamer une nouvelle doctrine des OMP, « les OMP de quatrième génération ».Tel est l'un des objectifs de cette thèse outre celui de la construction d'une mémoire congolaise sur les opérations de maintien de la paix en RDCThe presence of the United Nations (UN) peacekeeping forces on the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), from 1960 to 1964, and then later from 1999 to date, witnesses not onlythe political and security crises that shake the country but also the atrocities raging in it. As a consequence, there has beensuch a human and humanitarian toll that particularly caused the death of more than five million Congolese people and the worst crimes ever committed against humanity since the end of the Second World War.From 1960 to 2020, how have peacekeeping operations (PKOs) improved in relation to outcomes on the field? How did the interventions and actions of the UN in the DRC get the international community to envisage a doctrinal and operational transformation of such external interventions?The atypical case of UN interventions and presence in the DRC has forced the UN to many reviews of its intervention and peacekeeping doctrines as supported by article 39 of its charter.Having known almost all types of intervention, the DRC can be considered as the best case of testing groundof UN PKOs - their foundations, evolution and future through a necessary transformation.The use of a transversal methodology involving historical, legal and sociological methods leads to the apprehension and complex understanding of PKOs and is the basis for considering a modeling and a new doctrinal approach.The study of these PKOs with the substantial resources deployed in the DRC by the United Nations - up to nearly 20,000 peacekeepers and officials stationed and more than fifteen billion US dollars spent - shows, in view of the results on the field, the limits of the means policy.The study of PKOs in the DRC leads, by questioning the effectiveness of these interventions in view of the persistence of deadly and still unresolved conflictsby the international community, to revisit the forms of intervention, to initiate a new doctrine of PKOs, “the fourth generation PKOs”.This is one of the objectives of this thesis besides that of building a Congolese memory on peacekeeping operations in the DRC
Books on the topic "Peacebuilding operations"
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Ho-Won, Jeong, ed. Approaches to peacebuilding. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.
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Constructing peace: Lessons from UN peacebuilding operations in El Salvador and Cambodia. Lanham, [Md.]: Lexington Books, a division of Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006.
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Ilagan, Gail T. Soldiers for peace: A collection of peacebuilding stories in Mindanao. Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines: Balay Mindanaw Foundation, 2010.
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Hans, Binnendijk, Cronin Patrick M. 1958-, and National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy., eds. Civilian surge: Key to complex operations. Washington, DC: Published for the Center for Technology and National Security Policy by National Defense University Press, 2009.
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Institute for Autonomy and Governance. Enhancing the role of the military in building peace: A special report on the peacebuilding training program for the Philippine Marine Corps. Cotabato City, Philippines]: Institute for Autonomy and Governance, 2008.
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Howard, Ross. An operational framework for media and peacebuilding. Vancouver: Institute for Media, Policy and Civil Society, 2002.
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Köse, Mehmet, ed. A Decade Transformed. Ankara: Afrika Vakfı Yayınları, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55888/9786057081933.
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Turkey’s humanitarian intervention operations to lessen the effect of the humanitarian crisis that hit Somalia hard in 2011, had a dramatic impact on the development of Turkey-Somalia relations. Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s visit, then the Prime Minister of Turkey, to Somali Capital Mogadishu with a large delegation, has transformed the relations from limited fields such as security operations and political engagements under the umbrella of multilateral institutions to intertwined multifaceted and multi-layered relations embracing state-building, development, and improvement of economic infrastructure. Bilateral relations have made significant positive contributions to the reconstruction process of Somalia over the past decade. The relations with Somalia have been an important milestone in Turkey’s Africa opening policies. This book is a collection of chapters assessing the growing relationship between Turkey and Somalia in diverse sectors and fields such as history, politics, security, peacebuilding, economy, development, society, and culture.
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Jeong, Ho-Won. Approaches to Peacebuilding. Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.
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1967-, Paris Roland, and Sisk Timothy D. 1960-, eds. The dilemmas of statebuilding: Confronting the contradictions of postwar peacebuilding operations. Milton Park Abingdon Oxon: Routledge, 2008.
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MacLeod, Lisa. Constructing Peace: Lessons from UN Peacebuilding Operations in El Salvador and Cambodia. Lexington Books, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Peacebuilding operations"
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Tardy, Thierry. "NATO’s Approach to Peace Operations and Peacebuilding." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Peace and Conflict Studies, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11795-5_4-1.
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Tardy, Thierry. "NATO’s Approach to Peace Operations and Peacebuilding." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Peace and Conflict Studies, 853–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77954-2_4.
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Williams, Paul D. "Learning Lessons from Peace Operations in Africa." In The State of Peacebuilding in Africa, 15–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46636-7_2.
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Abstract This chapter reflects on the experiences of more than fifty peace operations deployed to nearly twenty African countries during the twenty-first century to identify key lessons, best practices, and potential solutions that might make peace operations in Africa more effective. It does so in three parts. The first section summarizes the major trends and patterns of peace operations focusing on the record number of missions and peacekeepers deployed in Africa, as well as the expanded range of mandated tasks given to them. The second section summarizes the major generic lessons arising therefrom, including: the need to ensure peace operations are part of a viable strategy of conflict resolution; that means and ends are aligned; that a capabilities and effects-based approach to force generation is superior to a numbers-centric approach. The final section sketches six recommendations for improving the performance of peace operations in these areas.
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Sharland, Lisa. "Sustaining the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda: The Role of UN Peacekeeping in Africa." In The State of Peacebuilding in Africa, 103–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46636-7_7.
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Abstract Peacebuilding is less likely to succeed without the participation and consideration of women. In the last two decades, peace operations deployed on the African continent under the banner of the United Nations and the African Union have included mandates focused on strengthening women’s participation in peace processes, ensuring the protection of women and girls, and integrating gender considerations into the approach of missions at building sustainable peace. This chapter examines the approaches undertaken in two case study countries—Liberia (where a long-standing UN peace operation has recently departed) and South Sudan (where a UN peace operation continues to operate with significant constraints)—in order to examine some of the challenges and opportunities that UN engagement has offered in terms of advancing equality and women’s security in each country.
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Hirsch, John L. "Peacemaking in Somalia: AU and UN Peace Operations." In The Palgrave Handbook of Peacebuilding in Africa, 137–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62202-6_8.
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Mulindwa, Paul, and Oscar Siwali. "Managing HIV/AIDS in Peace Support Operations in Africa." In The Palgrave Handbook of Peacebuilding in Africa, 247–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62202-6_14.
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Ravier, Sophie, Anne-Cecile Vialle, Russ Doran, and John Stokes. "Environmental experiences and developments in United Nations peacekeeping operations." In Governance, Natural Resources, and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding, 195–206. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Earthscan, 2015. | Series: Post-conflict peacebuilding and natural resource management: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203109793-9.
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Belloni, Roberto. "Stabilization Operations and Their Relationship to Liberal Peacebuilding Missions." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Peace and Conflict Studies, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11795-5_10-1.
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Belloni, Roberto. "Stabilization Operations and Their Relationship to Liberal Peacebuilding Missions." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Peace and Conflict Studies, 1420–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77954-2_10.
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Waleij, Annica, Timothy Bosetti, Russ Doran, and Birgitta Liljedahl. "Environmental stewardship in peace Operations: The role of the military." In Governance, Natural Resources, and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding, 223–48. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Earthscan, 2015. | Series: Post-conflict peacebuilding and natural resource management: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203109793-11.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Peacebuilding operations"
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سلمان عيسى, صديق, and وليد محمد عمر. "Anfal operations in Iraqi Kurdistan." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/31.
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"ABSTRACT Anfal Campaign and Kurdish Genocide The term al-Anfal is the name given to a succession of attacks against the Kurdish population in Iraq during a specific period, the word Anfal has come to represent the entire genocide over decades Hundreds of thousands of men, women and children were executed during a systematic attempt to exterminate the Kurdish population in Iraq in the Anfal operations in the late 198s. Their towns and villages were attacked by chemical weapons, and many women and children were sent to camps where they lived in appalling conditions. Men and boys of 'battle age' were targeted and executed en masse. The campaign takes its name from Suratal-Anfal in the Qur'an. Al Anfal literally means the spoils (of war) and was used to describe the military campaign of extermination and looting commanded by Ali Hassan al-Majid. The Ba'athists misused what the Qur'an says. Anfal in the Qur'an does not refer to genocide, but the word was used as a code name by the former Iraqi regime for the systematic attacks against the Kurdish population.. "
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شریف اسماعیل, سركوت. "The impact of the foreign relations of the Iraqi state on the Anfal operations, (America) is a model." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/15.
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"The Anfal crime of 1988 was a series of political, military and propaganda campaigns carried out by Saddam's Ba'athist regime against a part of the Kurdish people.In this process, all the means of genocide were used, from killing, slaughter, arrest, expulsion and expulsion to the demolition of houses, burning of fields and gardens and looting of their livestock and belongings. The Ba'ath regime's excuse for this crime was nothing but religious and political propaganda that the Kurdish nation had deviated from Islam and had turned against the state These excuses were to justify his crime because the process was named after a chapter of the Holy Qur'an, which was Anfal. For such a big and heinous crime, of course, you have to make all the internal and external factors available before you start, because without the availability of both factors, it would have been impossible for such a big and important process to succeed Therefore, Saddam's Ba'athist regime had secured international and external factors along with the availability of domestic factors to a good extent, so it carried out the process in such a comprehensive and widespread manner. The United States, which was one of the most powerful and influential countries of the time, had a strong relationship with Saddam and the Iraqi government in all political, military, economic and other aspects The Americans, who served Saddam Hussein's regime in the success of the Anfal process, not only provided military and logistical assistance to the Iraqi government, but also provided intelligence assistance to the regime On the other hand, for the sake of the Ba'ath and Saddam regimes, he had cut off all kinds of cooperation from the Kurds and refused to even welcome the Kurdish representatives when they wanted to convey the truth about the Anfal crime to the US and the world.This was one of the reasons why Saddam's regime was protected from international condemnation and prosecution thanks to its cooperation and strong ties with the Americans."
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Mahmood Ali, Sozan. ""الوصم اإلجتماعى وعالقته بالتفكري اإلجيابى – السلبى لدى املوظفني الهاجني نو عملاا اأنفال فى نهطقة كةرنااى"." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/48.
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"This study aims to identify the level, the total degree of social stigma, and its relationship to the positive-negative thinking among employees who survived the Anfal operations in Iraqi Kurdistan. The researcher used the descriptive approach. The current study population represents the remains of victims of Anfal operations in Iraqi Kurdistan. The sample size was (80) males, and (70) females, they were chosen randomly A tool was prepared by the researcher, and divided into (6) dimensions (2) for social stigmatization and (4) for positive thinking, and the validity and reliability of the scale were verified. The validity of the study objectives. The study reached a set of results, which are Symptoms of social stigma and negative thinking are prevalent among employees who survive Anfal operations, there are statistically significant differences that the average scores of females increase the average degrees of males in symptoms of social stigma and negative thinking among employees who survive Anfal operations in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and there is a positive, statistically significant correlation between stigma Social and Positive-Negative Thinking among Employees Survivors of the Genocide (Anfal). There is a positive, statistically significant, correlation between social stigma and positive-negative thinking among employees who have survived the genocide (Anfal). At the end of the study, the researcher put together a set of recommendations and suggestions"
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علوان عبدالله, نزار. "" Stages of Genocide Against the Kurds in Iraq 1975 – 1988 Historical study"." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/57.
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Following the collapse of the Kurdish revolution in 1975 in the wake of Algiers Agreement1975 between Iraq and Iran, the governing Baath regime in Baghdad found itself free against the National Kurdish Movement, carrying out a series of genocide and ethnic cleansing operations against Kurds in Iraq. The government lunched wide arrest campaign against members of Kurdish opposition and destroyed many border villages in order to create a 20-kilometer security belt alongside the borders with Turkey and Iran with mines planted there. That area was declared to be a military zone accessed only by the Iraqi army. That required evacuating 500 villages which caused thousands of Kurds to seek refuge in Iran in fear of apprehension or murder. These developments were accompanied by a displacement process carried out by the Iraqi government on March 31st 1975 against member of Al-Barzani clan in Barzan area, who were displaced to the desert in Al-Qadisiya province and were only allowed to return to Kurdistan in the 1980 in the condition that they do not go back to their original areas. This was followed by the Anfal campaign which destroyed more than four thousand villages and displaced more than half a million Kurds to the Iraqi southern deserts while other thousands fled to Iran. It was in the Anfal campaign that the tragedy of Halabja occurred where chemical weapons were used on March 16th 1988 causing the death of more than five thousand Kurds and horrible unprecedented scene.
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AbdalKhabir Ali, Ali, and Hajar Salah Auda. "The effect of marsh draining on biodiversity." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/64.
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"The marsh represents a rare natural environment of its kind for a number of reasons. First, the marshes were the cradle of the Sumerian civilization and an environment that embraces a unique biodiversity. Its geography and vast area, which is equivalent to the size of a country like Lebanon, made it a resting place and provided food and reproduction for migratory birds. It is worthy of being included in the World Heritage List as one of the treasures of the world that must be preserved, but unfortunately, the Iraqi marshes have not been subjected throughout history to extensive and systematic drying operations, which reached 95% of their total area, as they were exposed to during the era of the previous dictatorial regime in the nineties of last century, which led to the emergence of a number of environmental problems that collectively led to the disruption of natural ecological balance through the loss of the ability to achieve the environmental balance and causing biological diversity damage . This is as a result of the lack of incoming water resources and the high percentage of salinity and pollution, which caused the death of huge numbers of wildlife and aquatic life, as well as the extinction of large numbers of them, causing a mass migration of the population of those areas to other areas that provide them with a minimum standard of decent living after they lost their main sources of livelihood represented by fishing and raising animals. The paper aims to present a study on the impact of the widespread and systematic drying stages that began after the Iran-Iraq war in the eighties of last century and culminated in the nineties, bringing the percentage of the remaining water from the marshes to 5% in 2002, and the extent of its impact on the destruction of the environment and biodiversity, which includes humans and animals, as well as migratory birds from Siberia to the Indian subcontinent, which lost their habitats and places for laying eggs and breeding. It will also present a number of solutions that will help reduce the environmental degradation that the marshes have been exposed to."
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Rafaat Star, Hawar, and Zrar Ali Hassan. "Economic Genocide in the Anfal Process of the Kurdish People." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/29.
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" The determination of all criminal offenses that have been committed by the regime of Ba’ath, the former Iraqi government, or by other countries against Kurdish people was to discriminate and suppress Kurds’ identity. Eventually, the operation of eliminating Kurdish people started in 1987 and this massive murder reached its peak through Anfal campaign in 1988. This operation was planned and carried out progressively and wasexerted systematically through eight waves around all different areas in Kurdistan; these military procedures became the reason behind the destruction of the Kurdish villages and districts, which was not the only devastation for the Kurdish towns, but actually, the farmers and other workers were mainly the victims. Consequently, this created financial crises and economic destruction; plainly, the lives of people in those places depended completely on agriculture andlivestock farming. Deporting Kurds to other various places was another way for forcing them to settle in camps which was a factor for creating the financial crisis. Because there was no role of their interests. Close reading and investigations are needed to study these cases and issues botheconomically and academically – this is to understand the detailed particularities and their impact on people and Kurdistan at that duration and the forthcoming damages – through concrete facts and data. "
Reports on the topic "Peacebuilding operations"
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Garver, Randy. Restoration of Public Security: The Linchpin in Peacebuilding and Post-Conflict Operations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326847.
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Liaga, Emmaculate Asige. Towards Local Approaches and Inclusive Peacebuilding in South Sudan. RESOLVE Network, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.24.lpbi.
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The post-liberation peacebuilding in South Sudan, which largely drew from liberal peace theory, was employed between 2005 (after the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and before the referendum, secession, and independence in 2011) and December 2013 (when it imploded into a civil conflict) and proved insufficient to sustain the fragile peace that briefly existed after the country’s secession from Sudan. After a protracted conflict lasting almost half a decade and the presence of multiple peace actors, the lack of a comprehensive and coordinated peacebuilding strategy proved detrimental. This failure is partly due to poor coordination between stakeholders and lack of local/domestic legitimacy, leading to insufficient peacebuilding and an aggravation of the 2013 conflict. Over the years, liberal peacebuilding strategies, which emphasize formal institution-building and statebuilding in fragile and conflict-affected environments, continue to produce mixed to poor results and fragile peace. This decline has resulted in the shifting of discourses and operations within peacebuilding, a paradigm shift that pays greater attention to localization and the local context in the conceptualization of peacebuilding objectives and strategies. This transformation promotes local ownership and inclusivity in peace processes and their dividends. The dialogue on inclusive peace has thus gained momentum, bearing a need to fully engage both states and societies in this process. The “local” in peacebuilding forms an important resource when solving root causes of conflicts, as in South Sudan, by improving awareness of the cultural and historical diversity in a given context.
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Davies, Will. Improving the engagement of UK armed forces overseas. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135010.
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The UK government’s Integrated Review of security, defence, development and foreign policy, published in March 2021 alongside a supporting defence command paper, set a new course for UK national security and highlighted opportunities for an innovative approach to international engagement activity. The Integrated Review focused principally on the state threats posed by China’s increasing power and by competitors – including Russia – armed with nuclear, conventional and hybrid capabilities. It also stressed the continuing risks to global security and resilience due to conflict and instability in weakened and failed states. These threats have the potential to increase poverty and inequality, violent extremism, climate degradation and the forced displacement of people, while presenting authoritarian competitors with opportunities to enhance their geopolitical influence. There are moral, security and economic motives to foster durable peace in conflict-prone and weakened regions through a peacebuilding approach that promotes good governance, addresses the root causes of conflict and prevents violence, while denying opportunities to state competitors. The recent withdrawal from Afghanistan serves to emphasize the complexities and potential pitfalls associated with intervention operations in complex, unstable regions. Success in the future will require the full, sustained and coordinated integration of national, allied and regional levers of power underpinned by a sophisticated understanding of the operating environment. The UK armed forces, with their considerable resources and global network, will contribute to this effort through ‘persistent engagement’. This is a new approach to overseas operations below the threshold of conflict, designed as a pre-emptive complement to warfighting. To achieve this, the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) must develop a capability that can operate effectively in weak, unstable and complex regions prone to violent conflict and crises, not least in the regions on the eastern and southern flanks of the Euro-Atlantic area. The first step must be the development of a cohort of military personnel with enhanced, tailored levels of knowledge, skills and experience. Engagement roles must be filled by operators with specialist knowledge, skills and experience forged beyond the mainstream discipline of combat and warfighting. Only then will individuals develop a genuinely sophisticated understanding of complex, politically driven and sensitive operating environments and be able to infuse the design and delivery of international activities with practical wisdom and insight. Engagement personnel need to be equipped with: An inherent understanding of the human and political dimensions of conflict, the underlying drivers such as inequality and scarcity, and the exacerbating factors such as climate change and migration; - A grounding in social sciences and conflict modelling in order to understand complex human terrain; - Regional expertise enabled by language skills, cultural intelligence and human networks; - Familiarity with a diverse range of partners, allies and local actors and their approaches; - Expertise in building partner capacity and applying defence capabilities to deliver stability and peace; - A grasp of emerging artificial intelligence technology as a tool to understand human terrain; - Reach and insight developed through ‘knowledge networks’ of external experts in academia, think-tanks and NGOs. Successful change will be dependent on strong and overt advocacy by the MOD’s senior leadership and a revised set of personnel policies and procedures for this cohort’s selection, education, training, career management, incentivization, sustainability and support.
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Kelly, Luke. Lessons Learned on Cultural Heritage Protection in Conflict and Protracted Crisis. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.068.
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This rapid review examines evidence on the lessons learned from initiatives aimed at embedding better understanding of cultural heritage protection within international monitoring, reporting and response efforts in conflict and protracted crisis. The report uses the terms cultural property and cultural heritage interchangeably. Since the signing of the Hague Treaty in 1954, there has bee a shift from 'cultural property' to 'cultural heritage'. Culture is seen less as 'property' and more in terms of 'ways of life'. However, in much of the literature and for the purposes of this review, cultural property and cultural heritage are used interchangeably. Tangible and intangible cultural heritage incorporates many things, from buildings of globally recognised aesthetic and historic value to places or practices important to a particular community or group. Heritage protection can be supported through a number of frameworks international humanitarian law, human rights law, and peacebuilding, in addition to being supported through networks of the cultural and heritage professions. The report briefly outlines some of the main international legal instruments and approaches involved in cultural heritage protection in section 2. Cultural heritage protection is carried out by national cultural heritage professionals, international bodies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as well as citizens. States and intergovernmental organisations may support cultural heritage protection, either bilaterally or by supporting international organisations. The armed forces may also include the protection of cultural heritage in some operations in line with their obligations under international law. In the third section, this report outlines broad lessons on the institutional capacity and politics underpinning cultural protection work (e.g. the strength of legal protections; institutional mandates; production and deployment of knowledge; networks of interested parties); the different approaches were taken; the efficacy of different approaches; and the interface between international and local approaches to heritage protection.
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Bunse, Simone, Elise Remling, Anniek Barnhoorn, Manon du Bus de Warnaffe, Karen Meijer, and Dominik Rehbaum. Mapping European Union Member States’ Responses to Climate-related Security Risks. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/htdn6668.
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This SIPRI Research Policy Paper identifies European Union (EU) member states’ efforts to address climate-related security risks in the short to medium term and suggests entry points for further action. Even countries making visible attempts to mainstream the linkages between climate and security are falling short of pursuing a comprehensive approach. Among the ongoing initiatives that might bear fruit in one to three years are: appointing climate security advisers; climate proofing peacebuilding and conflict proofing climate action; investing in early warning and risk mapping; reassessing climate financing and development aid; and building up the operational resilience of the military. Strengthening such efforts would involve: incorporating climate insecurity into foreign and security policy dialogues; increasing conflict-sensitive climate adaptation finance; sensitization to climate change and conflict; and improving the operationalization of early warning. To remain credible, EU member states must advance their climate security initiatives and close the gap between rhetoric and practice.