Relevant bibliographies by topics / Peace of Westphalia

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Peace of Westphalia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Peace of Westphalia"

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Borshch, Irina Valer'evna. "The peace of Westphalia and religion in the context of the evolution of public law in Europe." Contemporary Europe, no. 1 (February 15, 2023): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020170832301014x.

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The article describes the consequences of the «post-secular turn» in social sciences, in particular, in the history of law and the theory of international relations as applied to the study of the Congress of Westphalia and the Peace Treaty of 1648. The author shows how new approaches in the international theory (from realism to constructivism and neorealism) contributed to the criticism of the «secular myth of Westphalia». The author considers new perspectives on the religious issue at the Westphalian Peace Congress in terms of the evolution of public law in Europe. Westphalia is seen as a set of religion ideas, which caused a revolution in the concept and practice of sovereignty and Westphalia as the last Christian Peace. The article discusses the role of the legal principles of religious freedom and the confessional truce of the XVII century in the formation of the Westphalian system of security guarantees in Europe. The changes in the role of the Pope in international law during and after the Westphalian negotiations and the consequences of the Treaty for protestant and catholic conditions are indicated. The study reveals how various Christian denominations participated (ideologically and politically) in the Westphalian negotiations, while discussing the «special case» of Orthodoxy, taking into account the diplomatic rapprochement of Moscow, Stockholm and Paris before the Westphalian Peace Congress.
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Nefedov, B. "The critique of the Westphalian peace narrative." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 6–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2022.20.3.70.3.

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The article studies perceptions of the Peace of Westphalia that were formed in the fields of international relations history and the general theory of international law as a result of conflicting doctrines, with some claiming the Westphalian treaties of 1648 are of universal significance for these scientific fields, and others, conversely, denying that these treaties had any sort of influence on the formation of a modern system of international relations and the formation of international law as a legal system. The article concludes that the treaties of the Peace of Westphalia does not actually contain many of the provisions attributed to them. These norms often arise only from their interpretation. However, the critics of the treaties’ significance for the history of international relations and their international legal regulationwho focused their attention only on the verbatim text of these documents while ignoring the historical conditions surrounding their development and adoption, failed to properly assess their impact. The Westphalian Congress was the first congress in world history that was pan-European in character. Its widely representative nature, the lengthy period of time during which it was held, the content of the treaties and the universally binding nature of their provisions, as well as the protocol rules, allow us to claim that the states of this world region started to identify themselves as part of a single pan-European international community. Moreover, the Congress also saw the creation, in a relatively short time, not only of treaties, but also of customary norms of general international law that were of fundamental importance for the formation of a new system of international relations. Despite the fact that most of the provisions of the Peace Treaty of Westphalia of 1648 havean applied nature, it is by no means an insignificant medieval treaty, the only virtue of which lies in it ending the Thirty Years' War. The Peace of Westphalia is an example of the first pan-European international treaty in world historywhich formulated a number of binding norms for all states of this part of the world. To sum up, the Westphalian Peace Treaty was, a historic breakthrough the creation of treaty norms of general international law, and therefore the it should be deemed a historical milestone in the creation of international law as a legal system.
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Parrott, David. "The Peace of Westphalia." Journal of Early Modern History 8, no. 1 (2004): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570065041268979.

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Cerf, Vinton G. "The peace of westphalia." Communications of the ACM 61, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3242093.

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Krivokapić, Boris. "Significance of the Peace of Westphalia (1648) for international law." Revija Kopaonicke skole prirodnog prava 5, no. 1 (2023): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/rkspp2301047k.

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The Peace of Westphalia (1648) is often cited as a turning point in the development of international law, with some believing that this law was born there, others claiming that it was then that modern or at least universal law was born, while others, giving the periodization of the development of international law, rely on Westphalian conference as an important event. The author gives a critical review of those views, proving that international law was created parallel to the emergence of the first states, that it was rather developed even before the Peace of Westphalia, that the solutions of that peace were essentially nothing really new, that these solutions were not of importance for countries outside the circle of Western European states, etc. However, he also notes that in the last few years, the essence of what is known as the so-called Westphalian system, and especially the understanding that states are sovereign and therefore equal and that intervention in the affairs of other states is prohibited. The author points out that such attitudes are often a function of the policy of demolishing the existing one and establishing some kind of new, significantly different order, in which the vast majority of states would not be sovereign and in which all power would be concentrated in only one center. He concludes that a sober criticism of the attitude that "everything started" from the Congress of Westphalia seems justified and necessary, but that one should not go to the other extreme, especially not if it is motivated by political reasons.
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Croxton, Derek. "The Historical Context of “A Westphalia for the Middle East?”." Journal of Applied History 2, no. 1-2 (June 16, 2020): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895893-bja10004.

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Abstract This article considers the fit of the “Westphalia for the Middle East” project with the historical Peace of Westphalia. It takes as its point of departure Proudhon’s distinction between the “judgment” and “reasons” of a treaty. The “reasons” behind the Peace of Westphalia include broad participation of interested parties, religious compromise, involvement of external powers in Imperial government, and ending a war. Of these, the involvement of external powers in another state’s government presents the greatest problem mapping to the Middle East, chiefly because the project proposes to treat the Middle East as a whole like the Holy Roman Empire in the Peace of Westphalia.
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Filho, Marcílio Toscano Franca. "Westphalia: a Paradigm? A Dialogue between Law, Art and Philosophy of Science." German Law Journal 8, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 955–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200006118.

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On 23rd June 2007, after three years of uncertainty, European Union leaders agreed on relaunching the old idea of a Magna Charta for Europe (now called “the Reform Treaty”), a normative structure based on the old ideas of deference to national identities, sovereignty and equality. To many authors, the first time that juridical equality between states was solemnly stated was in the aftermath of the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), in the Westphalia Peace Treaties, representing the beginning of modern international society established in a system of states, and at the same time, “the plain affirmation of the statement of absolute independence of the different state orders.” In fact, under an Eurocentric conception of political ideas (which envisages England as an isolated island and Iberia as Maghreb, north of Africa), the modern state emerges with the Westphalia Peace Treaties. However, under a broader conception, the modern nation-state (under the form of absolute monarchy) emerged long before the Westphalia Peace Treaties, in Iberia and England. Nevertheless, it is in these documents which lies the “birth certificate” of the modern sovereignty nation-state, base of the present democratic state, and “founding moment” of the international political system. Far beyond this merely formal aspect, the importance of the Westphalia Peace Treaties is so great to the understanding of the notion of state that Roland Mousnier, in describing the 16th and 17th centuries in the General History of the Civilizations, organized by Maurice Crouzet, asserts that those treaties symbolized a real “constitution of the new Europe,” a multifarious Europe, plural and very distant from the religious unit of Christianity, from the political unit of the Holy Roman Empire, and from the economical unit of the feudal system. Constitutions are especially important because they establish the rules for the political authority, they determine who governs and how they govern: “[I]n codifying and legitimating the principle of sovereign statehood, the Westphalian constitution gave birth to the modern states-system.”
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Belyaev, M. P. "PEACE OF WESTPHALIA AND THE FORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL ECO- NOMIC LAW." Vestnik of the Russian University of Cooperation, no. 3(45) (October 10, 2021): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52623/2227-4383-3-45-14.

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The article examines the influence of the Peace of Westphalia on the formation of international economic law. The author examines the economic situation in which the Holy Roman Empire found itself as a result of the Thirty Years' War. New customs and road taxes were introduced and old customs tariffs were raised. All continental trade was paralyzed. The decisions of the Westphalian Congress were based on the concept of freedom of trade. All customs duties, taxes and other restrictions that were arbitrarily introduced without the consent of the emperor and the electors were abolished. Even before the outbreak of the war, debt obligations had reached significant proportions. For the period of the signing of the Peace of Westphalia, moratoriums were introduced for 5 years on the payment of interest and repayment of debts. At the Regensburg Reichstag in 1654, proposals for compensation at the regional level, on the settlement of loan agreements and payment of interest on contributions, on a decrease in interest on current contributions were developed.
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ZREIK, MOHAMAD. "THE WESTPHALIA PEACE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MODERN EUROPRAN STATE." Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v2i1.41.

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This paper addresses the Westphalia peace, which came after the Thirty Years War as a solution to the crisis among European groups. European history as a whole is black and has many wars, in addition to the division between religious groups such as Protestants and Catholics. The Westphalia peace came to lay the foundation for a modern European state, it helped the emergence of international law, which was based on many international principles and laws that regulate international relations between states in order to control the deteriorating situation and prevent the use of power. It stressed the principle of international balance and made it a necessity, and thus this principle will create a balance between States and prevent the use of the policy of violence and power and domination in international relations. This paper has been divided into historical parts, beginning with European history before the Treaty of Westphalia and focusing on the Thirty Years War, and then identifying what the Westphalia peace was and what it produced.
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Wolf, Albert. "The Iran Nuclear Crisis, the Lessons of Westphalia and the Value of Biased Mediation." Journal of Applied History 2, no. 1-2 (September 28, 2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895893-bja10008.

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Abstract In this paper, I examine one component of the Peace of Westphalia: the use of biased or non-neutral mediators. Biased mediators made a significant, but not the only, contribution to the Peace of Westphalia. Contrary to the received wisdom, biased mediators can be effective in forging peace because they have a vested interest in the success or failure of a settlement, whereas neutral mediators do not have the same stakes at play. I examine the role biased mediators may play in the ongoing nuclear crisis between the U.S. and Iran.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peace of Westphalia"

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Dal, Soglio Silvia <1993&gt. "The Two Westphalias - A History of the Westphalia Peace Treaties and their Manipulation." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19188.

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The year 1648 is one that most students and scholars of international relations will know by heart. Seen as the birth of the concept of state sovereignty, the Peace of Westphalia is commonly believed to be one of the most pivotal moments in the history of international relations and the year zero of such academic field. This, however, is historically inaccurate and numerous studies have proven that the notion of Westphalia as the birth of "the normative structure […] of the modern world order " is just a myth. The aim of this research is that of continuing the work of those academics who have criticised the blind acceptance of Westphalia as the starting point of the modern international society by offering a slightly different analysis of the events and of their manipulation. Rather than trying to find answers to the daunting questions that the removal of Westphalia as the starting point of international relations poses (such as "which date or event can then be seen as the beginning of the modern international society?"), this paper will (first) analyse the historical background, content and language of the Westphalian treaties in order to prove that these agreements and their consequences cannot be considered as a turning point of international relations and (second) trace how their misinterpretation has come be accepted as true in the last 370 years. With the aim of outlining the origins of the Westphalian myth, I will (try to) follow a red thread that links the first mentions of the treaties to the latest studies on them so as to show how one of the most powerful myths of international relations was turned into an irrefutable truth that is nowadays strongly upheld by most states around the world.
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Kugeler, Heidrun. "'Le parfait Ambassadeur' : the theory and practice of diplomacy in the century following the Peace of Westphalia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:be69b6b3-d886-4cc0-8ae3-884da096e267.

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This thesis examines the theory of diplomacy in the formative phase of the European states-system. From the viewpoint of the discourse on the 'ideal ambassador', it explores early modern diplomacy as cultural history encompassing ideas, discourses, perceptions and 'codes'. The scope of study is the century following the Peace of Westphalia (1648), and three states and regions (France, Britain, the Holy Roman Empire) serve as case studies for a comparative approach of diplomatic theory and practice. In five parts, the adaptation of the theory and practice of diplomacy to the new demands of international relations after 1648 are considered. The first section sets the stage by illustrating that the mid-seventeenth century was regarded as a turning point in the practice of diplomacy. Part II examines diplomatic theory as a particular 'language' in its intellectual and socio-professional contexts. While published treatises on the 'ideal ambassador' build the core of this study, related genres of international law theory, ceremonial theory and political and state science are also taken into account. From the viewpoint of this diplomatic theory, the following section examines the ways in which the instruments and practices of diplomacy were aligned to the new framework. These ranged from changes in the structural framework of diplomacy to the evolution of norms and procedures of negotiation, international law and ceremonial. Part IV reconsiders the issue of 'professionalism' in diplomatic theory with regard to the preparation and training of diplomats. Special attention is given to proposals for diplomatic 'academies', which are for the first time examined in comparison. Finally, section V recasts the findings of this thesis in a comparative perspective. It underlines that, with the emergence of a states-system, the techniques of diplomacy became formalised and uniform, constituting a common European diplomatic practice. Against the background of the different regional and structural conditions, the alleged model role of France in the evolution of diplomatic theory and practice is re-evaluated.
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Freire, Lucas Grassi. "On the role of metatheory in the academic discipline of international relations." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8321.

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This thesis investigates in three parts the role played by metatheory in the discipline of International Relations (IR). Part one defines metatheory as 'systematic discourse about theory' and classifies it in a typology combining elements internal or external to the discipline with intellectual or contextual aspects of theorising. Each combination has particular functions. They also add to the roles played by several modes of metatheoretical inquiry (hermeneutical, evaluative, corrective, critical and historical). The typology offered in part one clarifies the general roles of metatheory as a constraining and enabling discursive mechanism. This is also discussed in part two, addressing how IR scholars portray metatheory's role in the discipline. Arguments against and in favour of metatheory are scrutinised, leading to a qualified defence of metatheoretical research in IR. Some of the negative impact of metatheorising in IR is acknowledged, but ultimately a stronger case attempting to eliminate it from the field cannot be sustained for analytical reasons. The merits of metatheory, therefore, will depend on how it operates in particular instances. A selection of illustration cases in part three further develops the argument. The first case stresses how metatheoretical directives shaped 17th century views of the Holy Roman Empire. It indicates that metatheory can frame theoretical claims even in a weak disciplinary context. A stronger disciplinary environment frames the second case, analysing a number of IR theories on the impact of the Peace of Westphalia in the European states-system. This discussion often alludes to the notion of hierarchy. The third case examines the interaction between metatheoretical directives and theories of hierarchy. These arguments are not necessarily compatible with the metatheoretical principles argued by their authors. As a mechanism, therefore, metatheory does not relate to theory in a deterministic way. Part three itself is, of course, a metatheoretical study that further illustrates the thesis.
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Kozmanová, Irena. "Ideologická intervence v raném novověku. Příklad Republiky Spojeného Nizozemí a stavů Kleve-Mark ve 40. a 50. letech 17. století." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-352237.

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(EN) Ideological Intervention in the Early Modern Period. The Case of the Dutch Republic and the Estates of Cleves-Mark in the 1640s and 1650s 1648 is traditionally considered a major break in international relations. This thesis deals with the Dutch interventions in Cleves-Mark in the period before and after the Treaties of Westphalia and sets out to test some of these traditional assumptions. Rejecting the concept of the "Westphalian" sovereignty, it advocates a relational view based on mutual recognition. Accordingly, it focuses on the negotiations of the three subjects under scrutiny - the Dutch Republic as the intervening power, the Estates of Cleves-Mark as instigators and beneficiaries of the intervention, and the Elector of Brandenburg as the legitimate ruler - about their sovereignty, as they took shape in the arena of the "courtly public", especially in diplomacy. In the first part I argue that the Dutch Republic reacted very conservatively to the pressure to legitimize its role as a new member of the highly monarchical "courtly public". I also examined the impact of the domestic political system and diplomatic ceremonial on the external performance of the Dutch Republic, thereby uncovering the particular role of the Province of Gelderland. In three case studies of direct diplomatic...
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Vokřínek, Lukáš. "Jednání o míru na konci třicetileté války." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-351949.

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The author analyses the Westphalian peace negotiations ending the Thirty Years War in order to find out to what extent it had influenced the parallel Swedish military campaigns. In the Czech Republic, it is the return of the broader analysis of this important historical event that leaded to the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. In recent years had not been given enough attention to these events, although abroad (typically in Germany) the research continues with greater intensity. The structure of the text is following. At first the author pursues the main development features of the Thirty Years War and subsequently recapitulates the way to the Westphalian peace talks since the first proposals for a final settlement of the constantly prolonging conflict after the start of diplomatic activity at the congress in the Westphalian city of Münster and Osnabrück in the (first) half of the 1640s. Then discusses the basic characteristics of the congress, among others also key delegations and their significant (or just interesting) members participating in the negotiations. Thereafter, the text continues to its core section, consisting of two parts. The first of them is about the progress of the peace negotiations on the basis of analysis of each of the main discussing issues in relation to the conflict in the...
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Hilmy, Hanny. "Sovereignty, Peacekeeping, and the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF), Suez 1956-1967: Insiders’ Perspectives." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5888.

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This research is concerned with the complex and contested relationship between the sovereign prerogatives of states and the international imperative of defusing world conflicts. Due to its historical setting following World War Two, the national vs. international staking of claims was framed within the escalating imperial-nationalist confrontation and the impending “end of empire”, both of which were significantly influenced by the role Israel played in this saga. The research looks at the issue of “decolonization” and the anti-colonial struggle waged under the leadership of Egypt’s President Nasser. The Suez War is analyzed as the historical event that signaled the beginning of the final chapter in the domination of the European empires in the Middle East (sub-Saharan decolonization followed beginning in the early 1960s), and the emergence of the United States as the new major Western power in the Middle East. The Suez experience highlighted a stubborn contest between the defenders of the concept of “sovereign consent” and the advocates of “International intervention”. Both the deployment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) and its termination were surrounded by controversy and legal-political wrangling. The role of UNEF and UN peacekeeping operations in general framed the development of a new concept for an emerging international human rights law and crisis management. The UNEF experience, moreover, brought into sharp relief the need for a conflict resolution component for any peace operation. International conflict management, and human rights protection are both subject to an increasing interventionist international legal regime. Consequently, the traditional concept of “sovereignty” is facing increasing challenge. By its very nature, the subject matter of this multi-dimensional research involves historical, political and international legal aspects shaping the research’s content and conclusions. The research utilizes the experience and contributions of several key participants in this pioneering peacekeeping experience. In the last chapter, recommendations are made –based on all the elements covered in the research- to suggest contributions to the evolving UN ground rules for international crisis intervention and management.
Graduate
hilmyh@uvic.ca
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Books on the topic "Peace of Westphalia"

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Croxton, Derek. The Peace of Westphalia: A historical dictionary. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2002.

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Moorman van Kappen, O., 1937- and Wyduckel Dieter, eds. Der Westfälische Frieden in rechts- und staatstheoretischer Perspektive: Sonderheft Westfälischer Frieden. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1998.

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Wilhelm, Engels, Klett Manfred, Oschmann Antje, Salm Hubert, Wübbeke-Pflüger Brigitte, and Austria. Sovereign (1637-1657: Ferdinand III)., eds. Die kaiserlichen Korrespondenzen. Münster: Aschendorff, 2001.

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Repgen, Konrad. Der Westfälische Friede: Ereignis, Fest und Erinnerung. Opladen: Westdeutscher, 1999.

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Greindl, Gabriele. Die diplomatische Korrespondenz Kurbayerns zum Westfälischen Friedenskongress. München: Kommission für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, 2000.

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Greindl, Gabriele. Die diplomatische Korrespondenz Kurbayerns zum Westfälischen Friedenskongress. München: Kommission für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, 2000.

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Marcos, Fernando Sánchez. Der Westfälische Friede, die spanische Diskussion und Europa: Vortrag ... Münster: Regensberg, 1995.

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Heinermann, Theodor. Frankreich und der Geist des Westfälischen Friedens. Bremen: Faksimile-Verlag, 1985.

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Greindl, Gabriele. Die diplomatische Korrespondenz Kurbayerns zum Westfälischen Friedenskongress. München: Kommission für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, 2000.

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Heinz, Duchhardt, Ortlieb Eva, and Schnettger Matthias, eds. Bibliographie zum Westfälischen Frieden. Münster: Aschendorff, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Peace of Westphalia"

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Wilson, Peter H. "The Peace of Westphalia." In The Thirty Years War, 303–23. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06977-1_19.

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Eyck, Frank. "To the Peace of Westphalia (1564–1648)." In Religion and Politics in German History, 319–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333995099_8.

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Rowley, Matthew, and Marietta van der Tol. "Religious Clauses of the Peace of Westphalia (1648)." In A Global Sourcebook in Protestant Political Thought, Volume I, 626–28. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003247531-187.

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Bechtold, Jonas. "A Web of Peaces: Twitter Narratives on the Peace of Westphalia." In Overcoming Conflict, 235–58. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39237-6_12.

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Hassan, Syed Wajeeh Ul, and Fatima Waqi Sajjad. "Beyond Westphalia and Aberystwyth: Decolonial Reflections on the Origins of International Relations Discipline." In Peace Psychology Book Series, 199–223. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41965-2_11.

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Jones, Colin, and Mark Knights. "European Politics from the Peace of Westphalia to the French Revolution c. 1650–1800." In The European World 1500–1800, 379–89. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003140801-40.

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Heuser, Peter Arnold. "The Peace Congress of Westphalia 1643–1649 as a Sphere of Conflict and Rivalries." In Spheres of Conflict and Rivalries in Renaissance Europe, 257–78. Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737006279.257.

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Rohrschneider, Michael. "The Peace of Westphalia (1648) as a Model for the Middle East? An Interim Summary." In Overcoming Conflict, 217–31. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39237-6_11.

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Romein, Christel Annemieke. "Jülich: Pamphlets and Cologne Get-Togethers (1640s–1650s)." In Protecting the Fatherland: Lawsuits and Political Debates in Jülich, Hesse-Cassel and Brittany (1642-1655), 35–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74240-9_3.

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AbstractIn this chapter I focuss on the specific case of the Duchy of Jülich. A war of succession at the early seventeenth century had led to considerable turmoil: the emperor did not recognise Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm as a legitimate heir. As de facto ruler, the duke attempted to protect his inhabitants by establishing an army. Conducting war was a considerable financial burden. As long as the war lasted the financialpressure on the principality increased and criticism grew. The nobility’s cry for help was voiced in invitations to join in an assembly in the Free City of Cologne to discuss the welfare of the fatherland. All loyal patriots were invited. During these meetings, the patriots drafted pamphlets to inform both German and Dutch speaking readers about the turmoil they faced and about the possible misuse of power by the duke. It was only after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 that the duke acknowledged the nobilities best intentions for the not their(!) fatherland.
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Baron, Joshua. "A Season of Light: The Balance of Power and the Westphalian Order." In Great Power Peace and American Primacy, 66–92. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137299482_4.

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