Academic literature on the topic 'PDF MODEL'

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Journal articles on the topic "PDF MODEL"

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Gong, Jian, and Christopher J. Rutland. "PDF-Based Heterogeneous Multiscale Filtration Model." Environmental Science & Technology 49, no. 8 (April 9, 2015): 4963–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00329.

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Kang, Ah, Young-Seob Jeong, Se Kim, and Jiyoung Woo. "Malicious PDF Detection Model against Adversarial Attack Built from Benign PDF Containing JavaScript." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 4764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224764.

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Intelligent attacks using document-based malware that exploit vulnerabilities in document viewing software programs or document file structure are increasing rapidly. There are many cases of using PDF (portable document format) in proportion to its usage. We provide in-depth analysis on PDF structure and JavaScript content embedded in PDFs. Then, we develop the diverse feature set encompassing the structure and metadata such as file size, version, encoding method and keywords, and the content features such as object names, keywords, and readable strings in JavaScript. When features are diverse, it is hard to develop adversarial examples because small changes are robust for machine-learning algorithms. We develop a detection model using black-box type models with the structure and content features to minimize the risk of adversarial attacks. To validate the proposed model, we design the adversarial attack. We collect benign documents containing multiple JavaScript codes for the base of adversarial samples. We build the adversarial samples by injecting the malware codes into base samples. The proposed model is evaluated against a large collection of malicious and benign PDFs. We found that random forest, an ensemble algorithm of a decision tree, exhibits a good performance on malware detection and is robust for adversarial samples.
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Vettoretti, Martina, Andrea Facchinetti, Giovanni Sparacino, and Claudio Cobelli. "A Model of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Measurement Error." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 11, no. 4 (March 16, 2017): 724–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296817698498.

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Background: A reliable model of the probability density function (PDF) of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) measurement error would be important for several applications in diabetes, like testing in silico insulin therapies. In the literature, the PDF of SMBG error is usually described by a Gaussian function, whose symmetry and simplicity are unable to properly describe the variability of experimental data. Here, we propose a new methodology to derive more realistic models of SMBG error PDF. Methods: The blood glucose range is divided into zones where error (absolute or relative) presents a constant standard deviation (SD). In each zone, a suitable PDF model is fitted by maximum-likelihood to experimental data. Model validation is performed by goodness-of-fit tests. The method is tested on two databases collected by the One Touch Ultra 2 (OTU2; Lifescan Inc, Milpitas, CA) and the Bayer Contour Next USB (BCN; Bayer HealthCare LLC, Diabetes Care, Whippany, NJ). In both cases, skew-normal and exponential models are used to describe the distribution of errors and outliers, respectively. Results: Two zones were identified: zone 1 with constant SD absolute error; zone 2 with constant SD relative error. Goodness-of-fit tests confirmed that identified PDF models are valid and superior to Gaussian models used so far in the literature. Conclusions: The proposed methodology allows to derive realistic models of SMBG error PDF. These models can be used in several investigations of present interest in the scientific community, for example, to perform in silico clinical trials to compare SMBG-based with nonadjunctive CGM-based insulin treatments.
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Haran, Duaa Yaseen, and Ahmed Abed AL-Kadhem Majhool. "Application of LES/PDF and RANS/PDF approaches for simulation of spray combustion." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 14, no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v14i2.752.

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This paper is addressing of a coupling Large-eddy simulation (LES) and RANS turbulence models with mixture fraction/probability density function as a combustion model. The two models have been implemented to simulate ethanol-air spray combustion. The gas phase is described with the Eulerian approach while the liquid phase is designed using a Lagrangian framework. The LES/PDF approach is obtained statistically. The sub-grid scale energy equation is used with the LES/PDF approach. The numerical results are validated with experimental data. Both LES/PDF and RANS/PDF approaches are compared with the experimental data. The LES/PDF approach shows a good agreement in predicting the average gas temperature compared with RANS/PDF approach. The LES/PDF shows a better prediction of both turbulence intensity profiles and the vortices which are generated in the turbulent flow in comparison with the RANS/PDF approach.
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Enouy, Robert W., Andre J. A. Unger, and Rashid Rehan. "An advective-dispersive transport model for residential water consumption." Journal of Hydroinformatics 21, no. 4 (May 23, 2019): 607–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2019.130.

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Abstract This work applies an advective-dispersive framework to simulate utility-wide residential water consumption using the analogy of a continuum transport process. In this context, the advective-dispersive process describes how changes in real water price and seasonal weather variability influence water consumption distribution, which ultimately governs mean and total water consumption values. Water consumption response is measured using histogram data optimally fit using parametric probability density functions (PDF) that have consistent parametrization over the entire observation period. Median statistic denotes advection and prescribes location of the measurement-space PDF, while standard deviation combined with standard-score PDF denotes dispersion which provides the measurement-space PDF with scale and shape. Combining location, scale, and shape components produces a measurement-space PDF that represents the solution to advective-dispersive transport phenomena. We use a Taylor series expansion of the statistics that define the PDF along with curvilinear regression to develop constitutive relationships that define how location, scale, and shape of the PDF respond to price and weather information. This results in a fully parametrizing advective-dispersive process represented by a partial differential equation that provides a tool for anticipating the probability that households will experience water poverty or use excess amounts as price, weather, and policy considerations change through time. This approach is conducive to automation when combined with smart water metering.
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Zhou, Xiaodong, Tinghua Ai, Nina Meng, and Peng Xie. "A PDF Tile Model for Geographic Map Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8090373.

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Vector tile mapping is an important issue in web map research. At present, vector tile mapping requires the symbolization of geographic information, as supported by cartographic software, and the development of a corresponding symbolic database when web map services are provided for users. The development of PDF (portable document format) mapping makes it possible to use symbolized map data directly for web map services. This paper presents a PDF tile map model suitable for web map services, in order to provide a new solution for vector tile mapping. This paper details the construction and establishment method of the PDF tile map model and verifies that the model has the characteristics of a vector tile map and that this approach can provide web map services. In addition, this model has some other noticeable characteristics. First, the map service supported by this model does not require the support of cartographic software, and thus has low system software and hardware requirements. Second, the maps displayed in the service system can be directly used for high-quality map publishing. Third, the high popularity of the PDF format can promote the sharing of PDF tile maps and reduce the use threshold of ordinary users.
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Hong, Zuu-Chang, and Ming-Hua Chen. "Statistical Model of a Self-Similar Turbulent Plane Shear Layer." Journal of Fluids Engineering 120, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2820643.

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A turbulence probability density function (pdf) equation model is employed to solve a self-similar turbulent plane shear layer. The proper similarity variable was introduced into the problem of interest to reduce the pdf equation into a spatially one-dimensional equation, which is still three dimensional in velocity space. Then the approximate moment method is employed to solve this simplified pdf equation. By the solutions of this equation, the various one-point mean quantities are immediatelly available. Agreement of the calculated mean velocity, turbulent energy and Reynolds stress with the available experimental data is generally satisfactory indicating that the pdf equation model and the moment method can quantitatively describe the statistics of free turbulence. Additionally, the balance of turbulence energy was calculated and discussed subsequently. It shows that the pdf methods are of more potential in revealing turbulence structure than conventional turbulence models.
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Bartlett, M. S., E. Daly, J. J. McDonnell, A. J. Parolari, and A. Porporato. "Stochastic rainfall-runoff model with explicit soil moisture dynamics." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2183 (November 2015): 20150389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0389.

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Stream runoff is perhaps the most poorly represented process in ecohydrological stochastic soil moisture models. Here we present a rainfall-runoff model with a new stochastic description of runoff linked to soil moisture dynamics. We describe the rainfall-runoff system as the joint probability density function (PDF) of rainfall, soil moisture and runoff forced by random, instantaneous jumps of rainfall. We develop a master equation for the soil moisture PDF that accounts explicitly for a general state-dependent rainfall-runoff transformation. This framework is then used to derive the joint rainfall-runoff and soil moisture-runoff PDFs. Runoff is initiated by a soil moisture threshold and a linear progressive partitioning of rainfall based on the soil moisture status. We explore the dependence of the PDFs on the rainfall occurrence PDF (homogeneous or state-dependent Poisson process) and the rainfall magnitude PDF (exponential or mixed-exponential distribution). We calibrate the model to 63 years of rainfall and runoff data from the Upper Little Tennessee watershed (USA) and show how the new model can reproduce the measured runoff PDF.
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Aljuneidi, Wassim Yassin, Yasser M. Jaamour, and Khaldoun Khorzom. "Approximating Shadowed Rician Model to Other Simpler Models." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 7, no. 1 (January 2016): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2016010101.

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Shadowed Rician model is considered to be the most appropriate that is used to characterize the impairments seen in wireless channels, which suffer Line-Of-Sight (LOS) shadowing and small-scale fading. In this model, the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) per symbol needs numerical solutions to be evaluated. More than that, for some values of the fading parameters, the numerical solution converging too slowly, and so needs too much time to be evaluated. This is considered as a problem in real time applications where delay is a critical issue. In this paper, the authors present and prove approximations for Shadowed Rician model according to the values of the fading parameters, which are the Rice factor and the Shadowing standard deviation. With the proposed approximation, the required PDF could be written in intervals which make it easier to calculate at parameters values that causes slow converging.
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Zhou, Xiaodong, Chuncheng Yang, Nina Meng, and Peng Peng. "A Electronic Map Data Model Based on PDF." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-129-2018.

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In this paper, we proposed the PDFEMAP (PDF electronic map) that is a kind of new electronic map products aiming at the current situation and demand of the use of electronic map products. Firstly gives the definition and characteristics of PDFEMAP, followed by a detailed description of the data model and method for generating PDFEMAP, and finally expounds application modes of the PDFEMAP which feasibility and effectiveness are verified.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PDF MODEL"

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SOUZA, OBERDAN MIGUEL RODRIGUES DE. "PRESUMED PDF MODEL WITH TABULATED CHEMICAL KINETIC APPLIED FOR SPRAY COMBUSTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30283@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvida uma modificação do modelo para simulação de sprays Diesel com o método de PDF presumida e cinética química tabulada. Através do acoplamento entre a parte química e a parte turbulenta, avaliou-se os efeitos do spray com a metodologia flamelet. Onde o conceito flamelet trata a chama difusiva e transiente como um conjunto de chamas unidimensionais, utilizando o modelo de PDF presumida para a avaliação dos valores turbulentos. A validação do modelo foi realizada com dados experimentais do laboratório Sandia, em uma câmara a volume constante. A validação e a aplicação do modelo foram conduzidas em diferentes tipos de ensaios experimentais: avaliação e comparação para diferentes modelos de cinética química do n-heptano, validação do método para o modelo de turbulência K-epsilon na câmara de volume constante do Sandia para o n-heptano não reativo, validação e comparação do modelo para o spray reativo e aplicação de modelo para o estudo comprimento do ancoramento de chama e para o tempo de atraso de ignição do n-heptano para diferentes temperaturas ambientes. Em geral, a modelagem proposta tem demonstrado excelente capacidade de previsão para a combustão com spray Diesel numa vasta gama de aplicações e é um candidato altamente promissor para outras aplicações em motores Diesel.
In this work, a modification of the model for the simulation of diesel sprays with the presumed PDF method and tabulated chemical kinetics was developed. Through the coupling between the chemical part and the turbulent part, the effects of the spray were evaluated for the flamelet methodology. Where the textit flamelet concept treats the diffusive and transient flame as a set of one-dimensional flames, using the presumed PDF model for the evaluation of turbulent values. The validation of the model was performed with experimental data from the Sandia laboratory, in a chamber at constant volume. The validation and application of the model were conducted in different types of experimental trials: evaluation and comparison for different chemical kinetics models of n-heptane, validation of the method for the turbulence model K-epsilon in the constant volume chamber of the Sandia for non-reactive n-heptane, validation and comparison of the model for the reactive spray and model application for the study of the flame anchoring length and for the ignition delay time of n-heptane at different ambient temperatures. In general, the proposed modeling has demonstrated excellent predictive capacity for diesel spray combustion in a wide range of applications and is a highly promising candidate for other applications in diesel engines.
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Tsui, Hong P. "Turbulent premixed combustion simulation with Conditional Source-term Estimation and Linear-Eddy Model formulated PDF and SDR models." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60295.

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is indispensable in the development of complex engines due to its low cost and time requirement compared to experiments. Nevertheless, because of the strong coupling between turbulence and chemistry in premixed flames, the prediction of chemical reaction source terms continues to be a modelling challenge. This work focuses on the improvement of turbulent premixed combustion simulation strategies requiring the use of presumed probability density function (PDF) models. The study begins with the development of a new PDF model that includes the effect of turbulence, achieved by the implementation of the Linear-Eddy Model (LEM). Comparison with experimental burners reveals that the LEM PDF can capture the general PDF shapes for methane-air combustion under atmospheric conditions with greater accuracy than other presumed PDF models. The LEM is additionally used to formulate a new, pseudo-turbulent scalar dissipation rate (SDR) model. Conditional Source-term Estimation (CSE) is implemented in the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of the Gülder burner as the closure model for the chemistry-turbulence interactions. To accommodate the increasingly parallel computational environments in clusters, the CSE combustion module has been parallelised and optimised. The CSE ensembles can now dynamically adapt to the changing flame distributions by shifting their spatial boundaries and are no longer confined to pre-allocated regions in the simulation domain. Further, the inversion calculation is now computed in parallel using a modified version of an established iterative solver, the Least-Square QR-factorisation (LSQR). The revised version of CSE demonstrates a significant reduction in computational requirement — a reduction of approximately 50% — while producing similar solutions as previous implementations. The LEM formulated PDF and SDR models are subsequently implemented in conjunction with the optimised version of CSE for the LES of a premixed methane-air flame operating in the thin reaction zone. Comparison with experimental measurements of temperature reveals that the LES results are very comparable in terms of the flame height and distribution. This outcome is encouraging as it appears that this work represents a significant step towards the correct direction in developing a complete combustion simulation strategy that can accurately predict flame characteristics in the absence of ad hoc parameters.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Seid, Hamid Jemila. "New residuals in multivariate bilinear models : testing hypotheses, diagnosing models and validating model assumptions /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biometry and Engineering, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200583.pdf.

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Wayne, David. "THE PDF OF IRRADIANCE FOR A FREE-SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS CHANNEL: A PHYSICS BASED MODEL." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3812.

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An accurate PDF of irradiance for a FSO channel is important when designing a laser radar, active laser imaging, or a communications system to operate over the channel. Parameters such as detector threshold level, probability of detection, mean fade time, number of fades, BER, and SNR are derived from the PDF and determine the design constraints of the receiver, transmitter, and corresponding electronics. Current PDF models of irradiance, such as the Gamma-Gamma, do not fully capture the effect of aperture averaging; a reduction in scintillation as the diameter of the collecting optic is increased. The Gamma-Gamma PDF of irradiance is an attractive solution because the parameters of the distribution are derived strictly from atmospheric turbulence parameters; propagation path length, Cn2, l0, and L0. This dissertation describes a heuristic physics-based modeling technique to develop a new PDF of irradiance based upon the optical field. The goal of the new PDF is three-fold: capture the physics of the turbulent atmosphere, better describe aperture averaging effects, and relate parameters of the new model to measurable atmospheric parameters. The modeling decomposes the propagating electromagnetic field into a sum of independent random-amplitude spatial plane waves using an approximation to the Karhunen-Loeve expansion. The scattering effects of the turbulence along the propagation path define the random-amplitude of each component of the expansion. The resulting PDF of irradiance is a double finite sum containing a Bessel function. The newly developed PDF is a generalization of the Gamma-Gamma PDF, and reduces to such in the limit. An experiment was setup and performed to measure the PDF of irradiance for several receiver aperture sizes under moderate to strong turbulence conditions. The propagation path was instrumented with scintillometers and anemometers to characterize the turbulence conditions. The newly developed PDF model and the GG model were compared to histograms of the experimental data. The new PDF model was typically able to match the data as well or better than the GG model under conditions of moderate aperture averaging. The GG model fit the data better than the new PDF under conditions of significant aperture averaging. Due to a limiting scintillation index value of 3, the new PDF was not compared to the GG for point apertures under strong turbulence; a regime where the GG is known to fit data well.
Ph.D.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering PhD
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Michaud, Isaac J. "Targeted Treatment in a Community Model." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2011. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MichaudI2011.pdf.

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Parrod, Perrine. "A Lattice Model for Fibrous Materials." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ParrodP2002.pdf.

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AvRuskin, Gillian. "Towards A Spatial Model of Rurality." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2000. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/AvRuskinG2000.pdf.

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Weber, Torsten, and Johannes Quaas. "Incorporating the subgrid-scale variability of clouds in the autoconversion parameterization using a PDF-scheme." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-186356.

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An investigation of the impact of the subgrid-scale variability of cloud liquid water on the autoconversion process as parameterized in a general circulation model is presented in this paper. For this purpose, a prognostic statistical probability density distribution (PDF) of the subgrid scale variability of cloud water is incorporated in a continuous autoconversion parameterization. Thus, the revised autoconversion rate is calculated by an integral of the autoconversion equation over the PDF of total water mixing ratio from the saturation vapor mixing ratio to the maximum of total water mixing ratio. An evaluation of the new autoconversion parameterization is carried out by means of one year simulations with the ECHAM5 climate model. The results indicate that the new autoconversion scheme causes an increase of the frequency of occurrence of high autoconversion rates and a decrease of low ones compared to the original scheme. This expected result is due to the emphasis on areas of high cloud liquid water in the new approach, and the non-linearity of the autoconversion with respect to liquid water mixing ratio. A similar trend as in the autoconversion is observed in the accretion process resulting from the coupling of both processes. As a consequence of the altered autoconversion, large-scale surface precipitation also shows a shift of occurrence from lower to higher rates. The vertically integrated cloud liquid water estimated by the model shows slight improvements compared to satellite data. Most importantly, the artificial tuning factor for autoconversion in the continuous parameterization could be reduced by almost an order of magnitude using the revised parameterization.
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Fischer, Manfred M., and Philipp Piribauer. "Model uncertainty in matrix exponential spatial growth regression models." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2013. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4013/1/wp158.pdf.

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This paper considers the problem of model uncertainty associated with variable selection and specification of the spatial weight matrix in spatial growth regression models in general and growth regression models based on the matrix exponential spatial specification in particular. A natural solution, supported by formal probabilistic reasoning, is the use of Bayesian model averaging which assigns probabilities on the model space and deals with model uncertainty by mixing over models, using the posterior model probabilities as weights. This paper proposes to adopt Bayesian information criterion model weights since they have computational advantages over fully Bayesian model weights. The approach is illustrated for both identifying model covariates and unveiling spatial structures present in pan-European growth data. (authors' abstract)
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Wagner, Tansy Lynn. "An Evaluation of an Avian Diversity Model." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 1999. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/WagnerTL1999.pdf.

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Books on the topic "PDF MODEL"

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Cardaliaguet, Pierre, Alessio Porretta, and Francesco Salvarani, eds. PDE Models for Multi-Agent Phenomena. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01947-1.

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Chrisochoides, Nikos. Multithreaded model for dynamic load balancing parallel adaptive PDE computations. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell Theory Center, Cornell University, 1995.

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Schiesser, William E. PDE Models for Atherosclerosis Computer Implementation in R. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02414-6.

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1971-, Shen Jianhong, ed. Image processing and analysis: Variational, PDE, wavelet, and stochastic methods. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2005.

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Vande Wouwer, Alain, Philippe Saucez, and Carlos Vilas. Simulation of ODE/PDE Models with MATLAB®, OCTAVE and SCILAB. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06790-2.

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Pope, Stephen B. PDF methods for combustion in high-speed turbulent flows: Second annual technical report. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Orbeta, Aniceto C. Policy implications of alternative demographic scenarios: Results from simulations using the population and development planning (PDP) model. [Manila]: Population/Development Planning and Research Project, National Economic and Development Authority, 1989.

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Orbeta, Aniceto C. Policy implications of alternative demographic scenarios: Results from simulations using the population and development planning (PDP) model. [Manila]: Population/Development Planning and Research Project, National Economic and Development Authority, 1989.

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Adenan, Moh. Analisis hubungan pendapatan nasional bruto (PDB) dengan penanaman modal di Indonesia, 1989/1998: Laporan penelitian. [Jember]: Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Universitas Jember, Lembaga Penelitian, 2000.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Delay compensation for nonlinear, adaptive, and PDE systems. Boston, Mass: Birkhäuser, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "PDF MODEL"

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Aguirre, R. "Prediction of Nitrogen Oxide in Turbulent Flames: A Two-Parameter PDF Model." In Combustion Technologies for a Clean Environment, 289–307. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367810597-23.

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Newe, Axel, Julian Brandner, Wolfgang Aichinger, and Linda Becker. "An Open Source Tool for Creating Model Files for Virtual Volume Rendering in PDF Documents." In Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2018, 133–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56537-7_43.

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Iavarone, S., H. Yang, Z. Li, Z. X. Chen, and N. Swaminathan. "On the Use of Machine Learning for Subgrid Scale Filtered Density Function Modelling in Large Eddy Simulations of Combustion Systems." In Lecture Notes in Energy, 209–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16248-0_8.

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AbstractThe application of machine learning algorithms to model subgrid-scale filtered density functions (FDFs), required to estimate filtered reaction rates for Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of chemically reacting flows, is discussed in this chapter. Three test cases, i.e., a low-swirl premixed methane-air flame, a MILD combustion of methane-air mixtures, and a kerosene spray turbulent flame, are presented. The scalar statistics in these test cases may not be easily represented using the commonly used presumed shapes for modeling FDFs of mixture fraction and progress variable. Hence, the use of ML methods is explored. Particularly, deep neural network (DNN) to infer joint FDFs of mixture fraction and progress variable is reviewed here. The Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) datasets employed to train the DNNs in each test case are described. The DNN performances are shown and compared to typical presumed probability density function (PDF) models. Finally, this chapter examines the advantages and caveats of the DNN-based approach.
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Gupta, Kirti, Neeta Pandey, and Maneesha Gupta. "Differential CML Gates with Modified PDN." In Model and Design of Improved Current Mode Logic Gates, 37–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0982-7_3.

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Schiesser, William E. "Basic PDE Model." In ODE/PDE Analysis of Multiple Myeloma, 19–47. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367473549-2.

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Schiesser, William E. "PDE Model Formulation." In Spatiotemporal Modeling of Influenza, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01665-3_1.

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Schiesser, William E. "PDE Model Formulation." In PDE Models for Atherosclerosis Computer Implementation in R, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02414-6_1.

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Schiesser, William E. "Three PDE Model." In Numerical Modeling of COVID-19 Neurological Effects, 39–53. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003243052-5.

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Schiesser, William E. "Two PDE Model." In Numerical Modeling of COVID-19 Neurological Effects, 17–19. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003243052-3.

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Schiesser, William E. "PDE Model Formulation." In Moving Boundary PDE Analysis, 1–2. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429275128-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "PDF MODEL"

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Moon, Min-Yeong, K. K. Choi, Hyunkyoo Cho, Nicholas Gaul, David Lamb, and David Gorsich. "Development of a Conservative Model Validation Approach for Reliable Analysis." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46982.

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Simulation models are approximations of real-world physical systems. Therefore, simulation model validation is necessary for the simulation-based design process to provide reliable products. However, due to the cost of product testing, experimental data in the context of model validation is limited for a given design. When the experimental data is limited, a true output PDF cannot be correctly obtained. Therefore, reliable target output PDF needs to be used to update the simulation model. In this paper, a new model validation approach is proposed to obtain a conservative estimation of the target output PDF for validation of the simulation model in reliability analysis. The proposed method considers the uncertainty induced by insufficient experimental data in estimation of predicted output PDFs by using Bayesian analysis. Then, a target output PDF and a probability of failure are selected from these predicted output PDFs at a user-specified conservativeness level for validation. For validation, the calibration parameter and model bias are optimized to minimize a validation measure of the simulation output PDF and the conservative target output PDF subject to the conservative probability of failure. For the optimization, accurate sensitivity of the validation measure is obtained using the complex variable method (CVM) for sensitivity analysis. As the target output PDF satisfies the user-specified conservativeness level, the validated simulation model provides a conservative representation of the experimental data. A simply supported beam is used to carry out the convergence study and demonstrate that the proposed method establishes a conservatively reliable simulation model.
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Xiong, Lei. "Design and application of PDF model for extracting." In Fifth International Conference on Digital Image Processing, edited by Yulin Wang and Xie Yi. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2030621.

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Zuo, Baifang, David L. Black, and Clifford E. Smith. "A New Assumed PDF Turbulent Combustion Model for Multi-Step Chemistry." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68133.

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The effect of turbulence on chemical reactions is known to be important in many gas turbine combustor applications. There are only a few established models that can capture turbulence-combustion interaction in CFD codes, and all of these models are either very expensive (e.g. Monte Carlo PDF model) or limited in what types of flames can be analyzed (e.g. laminar flamelet). Assumed PDF models have been a popular choice because they are inexpensive and can handle all flame types (e.g. diffusion, premixed and partially premixed). However, assumed PDF models are typically restricted to single, one-step global mechanisms; or are a function of species and quickly become computationally expensive. CFD Research Corporation has recently developed and validated a new assumed PDF turbulence chemistry interaction model for multi-step chemistry. The model adopts an assumed, two-variable joint-PDF to model a wide-range of turbulent reacting flows. The two variables defining the PDF are the mixture fraction and reaction progress, representing species diffusion and flame propagation. A significant advantage of this new approach is its wide range of applicability for premixed, diffusion, and partially premixed flames. Allowing more detailed chemistry for species and combustion predictions enables complex chemical reaction processes including pollutant formation, flame ignition, and flame quenching to be studied. The model is also computationally efficient, with only a minor increase in computational expense with either species or number of global reaction steps. The newly developed model was first validated using a diffusion flame from a piloted burner developed at the University of Sydney. Three different methane bulk jet velocities were used to investigate the model’s behavior on turbulent diffusion flames. Simulation data were compared with the experimental measurements and the simulation results performed by Pope (Masri and Pope, 1990) using a velocity-composition joint PDF transport equation solved by the Monte Carlo method. To validate the model on premixed flames, the data of Moreau et al. (Moreau et al., 1974, 1976, 1977) were used. Data were collected on a mixing layer stabilized burner, where the main flow into the combustor was a premixed mixture of methane and air. Parallel to the main stream, a pilot stream of hot combustion products at 2000 K was injected for flame stabilization. The results demonstrate the wide applicability of the new model for practical, turbulent combustion applications.
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Aguinaga, Sylvain, Olivier Simonin, Jacques Bore´e, and Vincent Herbert. "A Simplified Particle-Turbulence Interaction PDF Model: Application to Deposition Modelling in Turbulent Boundary Layer." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78128.

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This paper presents a new PDF model for turbulent fluid-particles interactions in the near wall region. Such models have already been presented by Swailes & Reeks [1] or more recently by Van Dijk & Swailes [2]. The PDF approach allows calculating directly the spatial evolution of the wall normal particles velocity distribution. As shown by Swailes & Reeks [1] this approach as many advantages. First, all the statistical moments used (concentration, mean velocity, fluctuating velocities) are contained in the PDF. Thus all the equations for those moments are coupled together within the PDF equation. Second, the boundary conditions can be easily specified, even for the most complex cases as partial absorption. The present study proposes to simplify the fluid particle interaction term of the PDF equation with a new closure model. This simplification is inspired by the BGK models. The paper presents first the model and its numerical implementation. It is evaluated in a wall bounded homogenous turbulence as described by Swailes & Reeks [1]. The results of the present model are then compared to those obtained by Swailes & Reeks [1]. The model is also applied to a channel flow boundary layer configuration. Those simulations illustrate the mechanisms responsible for particles dispersion in the boundary layer turbulence.
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Anand, M., S. James, and M. Razdan. "A scalar PDF combustion model for the National Combustion Code." In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3856.

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Foerster, Henrik, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "Validity of an Assumed PDF Combustion Model For SCRAMJET Applications." In 15th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-2585.

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Kang, So-Yeon, and Byung-Uk Lee. "Optimal reconstruction value for DCT dequantization using Laplacian pdf model." In Electronic Imaging 2004, edited by Sethuraman Panchanathan and Bhaskaran Vasudev. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.526684.

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Brandl, Alexander, and Michael Pfitzner. "A Hybrid-LES-RANS Transported PDF Combustion Model for Non-Premixed Flames." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68079.

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The intention of this work is to combine Large-Eddy-Simulation (LES) for the prediction of flow and mixture fraction fields with a Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) transported probability density function (TPDF) method for the prediction of turbulent non-premixed flames. The motivation for this work is based upon the property of LES to provide a better description of complex flow fields than most current RANS methods can offer, while TPDF-methods excel in predicting the reacting species fields. However, using the straight forward extension of PDF methods for LES, the filtered density function (FDF) approach requires a large number of PDF particles in each LES cell and is thus computationally expensive. Therefore, a method is proposed to use the time-averaged LES flow field, mixture fraction field and mixture fraction PDF as a turbulence model for a RANS TPDF method operating on a much coarser grid. A projection of the mixture fraction conditioned PDF to evaluate the instantaneous LES density field is proposed as coupling device. The reconstruction of mixture fraction PDF from a LES simulation and the coupling to the TPDF method in postprocessing mode is validated using the TNF Sandia D flame, showing good agreement with experiment.
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Svihlik, Jan, and Petr Pata. "PDF Model of Multimedia and Scientific Images in the Wavelet Domain." In ELMAR 2006. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/elmar.2006.329505.

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FRANKEL, STEVEN, H. HASSAN, and J. DRUMMOND. "A hybrid Reynolds averaged/PDF closure model for supersonic turbulent combustion." In 21st Fluid Dynamics, Plasma Dynamics and Lasers Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-1573.

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Reports on the topic "PDF MODEL"

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Herman, Brook, William Slack, Carra Carrillo, and Todd Swannack. General freshwater mussel habitat model : development and user’s guide -- appendix. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46146.

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Parks, Thomas K., and Dick Tiano. STP 4-06 Model-Based Technical Data in Procurement, 3D PDF Technology Data Demonstration Project. Phase 1 Summary. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada623350.

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Melnyk, Yuriy. Academic Journal Website Model. KRPOCH, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26697/preprint.melnyk.1.2018.

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Background: The tens of thousands of academic journal websites that are on the Internet today often do not have a clear organizational structure for their website. If most of them are convenient enough for readers (if the journal is open access), then many have problems informing authors about the conditions, the process of submitting and reviewing the manuscript. The Editorial Offices empirically populate the journal's website with content that can change dramatically (both in terms of website design and content) as the journal develops. Aim of Study: To develop a website model for an academic journal that takes into account the basic requirements for the preparation, publication, and archiving of high quality scientific manuscripts. Material and Methods: The academic journal website model is based on a structural-functional approach. The website content consists of text and integrated applications. This model takes into account the basic requirements for the preparation, publication, and archiving of high-quality open access scientific manuscripts, as well as the indexing of journal articles by leading indexing agencies. Results: The academic journal website model is structured with the following menu and submenu elements: 1. HOME: 1.1. Journal information; 1.2. From the editorial office; 1.3. Databases, Indexing; 2. EDITORIAL BOARD: 2.1. Editorial board; 2.2. Reviewers; 2.3. Editing and reviewing process; 3. EDITORIAL POLICIES: 3.1. Editorial policies; 3.2. Plagiarism policy; 3.3. Open access policy; 3.4. The ethics codex of scientific publications; 3.5. Disclaimer; 3.6. License terms; 3.7. Terms of publications (fee); 4. ARCHIV: 4.1. Previous issues; 4.2. Current issue; 4.3. Articles online first; 5. INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS: 5.1. General recommendations; 5.2. Manuscript templates; 5.3. Supplemental materials; 6. STATISTICS: 6.1. Publications; 6.2. Authors; 6.3. Readers; 7. CONTACTS: 7.1. Contact; 7.2. Subscriptions; 7.3. Search. Conclusions: This academic journal website model was implemented for the International Journal of Science Annals (IJSA). Authors and readers of IJSA noted the advantages of the model proposed by the author, including: a convenient and understandable website interface, the availability of the necessary hyperlinks to the pages of the journal's website and external media (sites of indexed agencies, library archives, etc.), convenient search for information on the website and published in the journal articles (by author, publication, text of the article), availability of integrated applications (online submission of manuscripts, filing appeals against the decision of reviewers and complaints about published articles, viewing the interactive printed version of the journal, etc.), availability of templates (for authors, reviewers), availability of multiple formats for archiving articles (PDF, DOAJ, XML, TXT), the ability to choose the style of citing the article and the website language (English, Ukrainian), etc. Keywords: journal, model, website, academic, indexing
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Chapman, Ray, Phu Luong, Sung-Chan Kim, and Earl Hayter. Development of three-dimensional wetting and drying algorithm for the Geophysical Scale Transport Multi-Block Hydrodynamic Sediment and Water Quality Transport Modeling System (GSMB). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41085.

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The Environmental Laboratory (EL) and the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) have jointly completed a number of large-scale hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport studies. EL and CHL have successfully executed these studies utilizing the Geophysical Scale Transport Modeling System (GSMB). The model framework of GSMB is composed of multiple process models as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows that the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) accepted wave, hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport models are directly and indirectly linked within the GSMB framework. The components of GSMB are the two-dimensional (2D) deep-water wave action model (WAM) (Komen et al. 1994, Jensen et al. 2012), data from meteorological model (MET) (e.g., Saha et al. 2010 - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1), shallow water wave models (STWAVE) (Smith et al. 1999), Coastal Modeling System wave (CMS-WAVE) (Lin et al. 2008), the large-scale, unstructured two-dimensional Advanced Circulation (2D ADCIRC) hydrodynamic model (http://www.adcirc.org), and the regional scale models, Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three dimensions-Multi-Block (CH3D-MB) (Luong and Chapman 2009), which is the multi-block (MB) version of Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three-dimensions-Waterways Experiments Station (CH3D-WES) (Chapman et al. 1996, Chapman et al. 2009), MB CH3D-SEDZLJ sediment transport model (Hayter et al. 2012), and CE-QUAL Management - ICM water quality model (Bunch et al. 2003, Cerco and Cole 1994). Task 1 of the DOER project, “Modeling Transport in Wetting/Drying and Vegetated Regions,” is to implement and test three-dimensional (3D) wetting and drying (W/D) within GSMB. This technical note describes the methods and results of Task 1. The original W/D routines were restricted to a single vertical layer or depth-averaged simulations. In order to retain the required 3D or multi-layer capability of MB-CH3D, a multi-block version with variable block layers was developed (Chapman and Luong 2009). This approach requires a combination of grid decomposition, MB, and Message Passing Interface (MPI) communication (Snir et al. 1998). The MB single layer W/D has demonstrated itself as an effective tool in hyper-tide environments, such as Cook Inlet, Alaska (Hayter et al. 2012). The code modifications, implementation, and testing of a fully 3D W/D are described in the following sections of this technical note.
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Mirel, Lisa, Cindy Zhang, Christine Cox, Ye Yeats, Félix Suad El Burai, and Golden Cordell. Comparative analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey public-use and restricted-use linked mortality files. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:104744.

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"Objectives—Linking national survey data with administrative data sources enables researchers to conduct analyses that would not be possible with each data source alone. Recently, the Data Linkage Program at the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) released updated Linked Mortality Files, including the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data linked to the National Death Index mortality files. Two versions of the files were released: restricted-use files available through NCHS and Federal Statistical Research Data Centers and public-use files. To reduce the reidentification risk, statistical disclosure limitation methods were applied to the public-use files before they were released. This included limiting the amount of mortality information available and perturbing cause of death and follow-up time for select records. Methods—To assess the comparability of the restricted-use and public-use files, relative hazard ratios for all-cause and cause-specific mortality using Cox proportional hazards models were estimated and compared. Results—The comparative analysis found that the two data files yield similar descriptive and model results. Suggested citation: Mirel LB, Zhang C, Cox CS, Ye Y, El Burai Félix S, Golden C. Comparative analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey public-use and restricted-use linked mortality files. National Health Statistics Reports; no 155. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc:104744. CS323656 nhsr155-508.pdf"
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Chan, Tony F., Jianhong Shen, and Luminita Vese. Variational PDE Models in Image Processing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada437477.

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Kolla, Hemanth, Saibal De, Reese Jones, Michael Hansen, and Julia Plews. Comprehensive uncertainty quantification (UQ) for full engineering models by solving probability density function (PDF) equation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1890060.

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Witelski, Thomas P., David G. Schaeffer, and Michael Shearer. A Discrete Model for an Ill-Posed Nonlinear Parabolic PDE. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada454438.

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Rangaswamy, Muralidhar, Steven Kay, and Quan Ding. Integrated Multi-Modal RF Sensing. Sensor Integration and Joint PDF Construction for Distributed Detection and Classification. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada545146.

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Fonseca, William D'Andrea. Introdução ao LaTeX e como iniciar um novo projeto no Overleaf: Trabalho com acabamento profissional (diretamente em PDF). William D'Andrea Fonseca, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55753/aev.v35e52.40.

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Este artigo apresenta informações básicas do que é o LaTeX, bem como informações de funcionamento e o seu propósito. Motivações para usar e como começar um texto (ou trabalho) nesse sistema são também aclaradas. A plataforma online de edição Overleaf é utilizada, trazendo informações de como iniciar um novo projeto e de como usar os arquivos modelo da Revista Acústica e Vibrações.
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