Journal articles: 'PDE Toolbox'

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Zong, Fu Jian, and Jin Ma. "The Application of MATLAB in Classical Electrostatics Boundary-Value Problems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 378 (August 2013): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.378.602.

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In this paper we introduce the use of a computer image and the Partial Differential Equation (PDE) Toolbox in MATLAB, and discuss the electrostatic field, the potential function and the solution of the Laplace equation by separation of variables and the PDE toolbox. It is convenient to figure out the classical electrostatics problem with MATLAB.

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马, 宁. "Application Research of MATLAB PDE Toolbox in Semiconductor Device." Computer Science and Application 09, no. 05 (2019): 874–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/csa.2019.95098.

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Parra-Rojas, César, and Esteban A. Hernandez-Vargas. "PDEparams: parameter fitting toolbox for partial differential equations in python." Bioinformatics 36, no. 8 (December 18, 2019): 2618–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz938.

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Abstract Motivation Partial differential equations (PDEs) is a well-established and powerful tool to simulate multi-cellular biological systems. However, available free tools for validation against data are on development. Results The PDEparams module provides a flexible interface and readily accommodates different parameter analysis tools in PDE models such as computation of likelihood profiles, and parametric bootstrapping, along with direct visualization of the results. To our knowledge, it is the first open, freely available tool for parameter fitting of PDE models. Availability and implementation PDEparams is distributed under the MIT license. The source code, usage instructions and examples are freely available on GitHub at github.com/systemsmedicine/PDE_params. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Dong, Ling, Xi Chen Yang, Yun Shan Wang, and Jian Bo Lei. "Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field in Laser Remanufacturing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.845.

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It plays an important role in guiding laser remanufacturing process and process control to research temperature field of laser remanufacturing. A numerical simulation method of temperature field based on MATLAB PDE Tool is proposed. Theoretical model of temperature field is presented. The temperature fields at different times are calculated and simulated with finite element method and MATLAB software with PDE Toolbox. The results show that this method can accurately calculate the temperature distribution of the laser remanufacturing process. The simulation results are helpful to optimize process parameters and to improve the quality of laser remanufacturing.

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Ke, Ying, Yun Yi Wang, and Jun Li. "Modeling Heat Transfer of the Air Gap between Human Body and Clothing." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1611.

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An unsteady-state heat transfer numerical model of the microclimate between human skin and clothing is set up. Air-gap thickness less than 17mm is considered. Matlab pde toolbox is chosen to compute the numerical model. The numerical results of the model agrees well with a set of published experimental data.

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Yang, Xue. "MATLAB PDE toolbox for 2-D and 3-D neutron diffusion simulations." Nuclear Engineering and Design 381 (September 2021): 111324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111324.

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R. S. Fono-Tamo, R. S. Fono-Tamo. "Predicting Heat Flux in Palm Kernel Shell Reinforced Brake Lining using Matlab PDE Toolbox." International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 9, no. 4 (2019): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdaug201971.

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Bai, Li, Yan Wang, and Xiao Long Liu. "Numerical Simulation of Soil Temperature Field around the Rural Water Supply Pipe in Severe Cold Area." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 3369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3369.

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On the basis of the establishment of the physical model of shallow buried water supply pipe with external thermal insulation layer unsteady heat transfer , using the Matlab-PDE toolbox for solving. Analyzing the operation of shallow buried insulating water supply pipe and temperature field around the soil changes over time. Results show that this kind of shallow buried and thermal insulation layer of the water supply pipe run three months, the temperature of the outer wall of the insulation layer is 3 ℃ and it can basically solve frost heave phenomena of water supply pipe running in winter.

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Mgbemena, Chinedum Ogonna, ThankGod Enatimi Boye, and Ikuobase Emovon. "Static Analysis of a Tire Sidewall Developed From Tailored Organomodified Kaolin/Natural Rubber Vulcanizates." Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 1, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/jaec.201712.83.

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This paper is on the prediction of stress limits and strain distributions of an automobile tire sidewall developed from Natural Rubber (NR)/Tea Seed Oil (TSO) modified kaolin composites. The stress-strain data report of NR/TSO modified kaolin at filler loading of 10phr was used to establish parameters characterizing the elastic behavior of the rubber vulcanizates. The tire model investigated was developed from MATLAB PDE Toolbox. The study was developed on maximum inflation pressure of 0.220632 MPa. The 2D Finite Element (FE) model computations for static loading of the tire sidewall gave a reasonable prediction of the stress limits and strain distributions, as the shear stresses obtained were within the range of −10 MPa to 10 MPa. The strain energy distributions were found to be within the range of −1500 J·m−3 to 1500 J·m−3. The stress limits for the first principal stress with respect to their magnitudes and orientations was obtained as 10 MPa for tensile stress and −20 MPa for compressive stress respectively while the stress limits for the second principal stress was obtained as 20 MPa for tensile stress and −10 MPa for compressive stress. The plane stress analysis with MATLAB PDE Toolbox gave stress limits distribution in terms of von-Mises stresses in the range 5 MPa - 25 MPa. The results indicate that NR/TSO modified kaolin composites can be employed in automobile tire sidewall applications. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Ihueze, Chukwutoo Christopher, Chinedum Ogonna Mgbemena, and A. R. Ravindranatha Menon. "2D static failure prediction for critical stresses of an Automobile Tire Side Walls using MATLAB PDE Toolbox." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 11, no. 4 (2014): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-11457076.

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Liu, Xi, Xiu Sheng Cheng, Yan Li, Qiang Gu, and Yin Shu Wang. "Study on the Temperature Filed of Wet Dual Clutch Transmission during Starting Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 187 (June 2012): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.187.95.

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Based on the analysis of starting process of wet dual clutch transmission, dynamic rules for piston pressure and relative angular velocity of wet clutch were determined, According to the unsteady heat exchanging theory and the heat exchanging process of clutch engagement, a two dimensional heat conduction model of wet clutch was developed with reasonable initial conditions and boundary conditions. Matlab/PDE toolbox was used to solve the established model. The temperature distribution of friction pairs along the axial and radial direction were revealed in the Simulation results. Testing program had been designed, and real vehicle test was done to the temperature field on friction interface of wet dual clutch transmission in starting process. The test result indicated that the temperature field model and its solution were reliability, and it was instructive to optimize the design of wet clutch and its engaging control in starting process.

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Mishuris, Gennady, and Michał Wróbel. "Coupled FEM-BEM Approach for Axisymetrical Heat Transfer Problems." Defect and Diffusion Forum 273-276 (February 2008): 740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.273-276.740.

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This work deals with a stationary axisymmetrical heat transfer problem in a combined domain. This domain consists of half-space joined with a bounded cylinder. An important feature of the problem is the possible flux singularity along the edge points of the transmission surface. Domain decomposition is used to separate the subdomains. The solution for an auxiliary mixed boundary value problem in the half space is found analytically by means of Hankel integral transform. This allows us to reduce the main problem in the infinite domain to another problem defined in the bounded subdomain. In turn, the new problem contains a nonlocal boundary conditions along the transmission surface. These conditions incorporate all basic information about the infinite sub-domain (material properties, internal sources etc.). The problem is solved then by means of the Finite Element Method. In fact it might be considered as a coupled FEM-BEM approach. We use standard MATLAB PDE toolbox for the FEM analysis. As it is not possible for this package to introduce directly a non-classical boundary condition, we construct an appropriate iterative procedure and show the fast convergence of the main problem solution. The possible solution singularity is taken into account and the corresponding intensity coefficient of the heat flux is computed with a high accuracy. Numerical examples dealing with heat transfer between closed reservoir (filled with some substance) and the infinite foundation are discussed.

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Jiang, Kaifeng, Si Yuan, and Qinyan Xing. "An adaptive nonlinear finite element analysis of minimal surface problem based on element energy projection technique." Engineering Computations 37, no. 8 (May 2, 2020): 2847–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-08-2019-0369.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose a new adaptive strategy for two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis of the minimal surface problem (MSP) based on the element energy projection (EEP) technique. Design/methodology/approach By linearizing nonlinear problems into a series of linear problems via the Newton method, the EEP technique, which is an effective and reliable point-wise super-convergent displacement recovery strategy for linear FE analysis, can be directly incorporated into the solution procedure. Accordingly, a posteriori error estimate in maximum norm was established and an adaptive 2D nonlinear FE strategy of h-version mesh refinement was developed. Findings Three classical known surfaces, including a singularity problem, were analysed. Moreover, an example whose analytic solution is unavailable was considered and a comparison was made between present results and those computed by the MATLAB PDE toolbox. The results show that the adaptively-generated meshes reflect the difficulties inherent in the problems and the proposed adaptive analysis can produce FE solutions satisfying the user-preset error tolerance in maximum norm with a fair adaptive convergence rate. Originality/value The EEP technique for linear FE analysis was extended to the nonlinear procedure of MSP and can be expected to apply to other 2D nonlinear problems. The employment of the maximum norm makes point-wisely error control on the sought surfaces possible and makes the proposed method distinguished from other adaptive FE analyses.

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Rykaczewski, Krzysztof, Jan Nikadon, Włodzisław Duch, and Tomasz Piotrowski. "supFunSim: Spatial Filtering Toolbox for EEG." Neuroinformatics 19, no. 1 (June 21, 2020): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12021-020-09464-w.

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AbstractBrain activity pattern recognition from EEG or MEG signal analysis is one of the most important method in cognitive neuroscience. The supFunSim library is a new Matlab toolbox which generates accurate EEG forward model and implements a collection of spatial filters for EEG source reconstruction, including the linearly constrained minimum-variance (LCMV), eigenspace LCMV, nulling (NL), and minimum-variance pseudo-unbiased reduced-rank (MV-PURE) filters in various versions. It also enables source-level directed connectivity analysis using partial directed coherence (PDC) measure. The supFunSim library is based on the well-known FieldTrip toolbox for EEG and MEG analysis and is written using object-oriented programming paradigm. The resulting modularity of the toolbox enables its simple extensibility. This paper gives a complete overview of the toolbox from both developer and end-user perspectives, including description of the installation process and use cases.

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Zhang, Hang, Xia Wang, Yi-Jun Wang, and Zhao-Mei Sun. "Decentralized Control of Uncertain Fuzzy Large-Scale System with Time Delay and Optimization." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/246705.

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This paper studies the decentralized stabilization problem for an uncertain fuzzy large-scale system with time delays. The considered large-scale system is composed of several T-S fuzzy subsystems. The decentralized parallel distributed compensation (PDC) fuzzy control for each subsystem is designed to stabilize the whole system. Based on Lyapunov criterion, some sufficient conditions are proposed. Moreover, the positive definite matricesPiand PDC gainKijcan be solved by linear matrix inequality (LMI) toolbox of Matlab. Then, the optimization design method for decentralized control is also considered with respect to a quadratic performance index. Finally, numerical examples are given and compared with those of Zhang et al., 2004 to illustrate the effectiveness and less conservativeness of our method.

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Anzolin, Alessandra, Jlenia Toppi, Manuela Petti, Febo Cincotti, and Laura Astolfi. "SEED-G: Simulated EEG Data Generator for Testing Connectivity Algorithms." Sensors 21, no. 11 (May 23, 2021): 3632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113632.

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EEG signals are widely used to estimate brain circuits associated with specific tasks and cognitive processes. The testing of connectivity estimators is still an open issue because of the lack of a ground-truth in real data. Existing solutions such as the generation of simulated data based on a manually imposed connectivity pattern or mass oscillators can model only a few real cases with limited number of signals and spectral properties that do not reflect those of real brain activity. Furthermore, the generation of time series reproducing non-ideal and non-stationary ground-truth models is still missing. In this work, we present the SEED-G toolbox for the generation of pseudo-EEG data with imposed connectivity patterns, overcoming the existing limitations and enabling control of several parameters for data simulation according to the user’s needs. We first described the toolbox including guidelines for its correct use and then we tested its performances showing how, in a wide range of conditions, datasets composed by up to 60 time series were successfully generated in less than 5 s and with spectral features similar to real data. Then, SEED-G is employed for studying the effect of inter-trial variability Partial Directed Coherence (PDC) estimates, confirming its robustness.

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Lin, Peng, and Gang Hu. "Admissible Conditions for T-S Fuzzy Descriptor Systems with Non-Differentiable Membership Functions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 415 (September 2013): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.415.259.

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In this paper, the admissible conditions (regular, impulse-free and stable) for a class of continuous-time Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy descriptor systems are investigated. Sufficient admissible conditions for the closed-loop systems under non-parallel distributed compensation (non-PDC) feedback are proposed. This approach is mainly based on the state space division properly to make the membership functions continuous differentiable. Moreover, in order to make good use of the systems’ structural information in rules, the provided conditions are obtained through fuzzy Lyapunov functions candidate and can be formulated in terms of dilated Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown through numerical example by using the optimization toolbox.

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Chamié, Francisco, Luiz Carlos Simões, Daniel Silva Chamié de Queiroz, and Renata Mattos. "Percutaneous Closure of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus with the Cera™ PDA Occluder: Another Good Option in the Toolbox." Revista Brasileira de Cardiologia Invasiva (English Edition) 20, no. 1 (2012): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2214-1235(15)30033-8.

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Kazim, Issraa Jwad, Yuegang Tan, and Layth Qaseer. "Integration of DE Algorithm with PDC-APF for Enhancement of Contour Path Planning of a Universal Robot." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 6532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146532.

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In the robotic engineering field, the main target, especially in industry, manufacturing, and surgical operations, is reaching the optimal performance of manipulators. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the contour tracking performance of collaborative universal manipulator robot (UR5) by setting the gain of position domain controller. In order to improve and enhance the track of manipulator in experimental applications we utilize differential evolution (DE) optimization, using MATLAB toolbox with an applied robot operating system (ROS). The adopted current approach does not only optimize the gain of position domain controller but also prevent collisions by detecting a “border crossing” without turning off the manipulator and allowing the automation agent to be on the scene, coexisting in harmonic mode and avoiding collisions. This requires the implementation of an algorithm that detects an obstacle to avoid anticipated collisions. For this purpose, the adopted algorithm uses the DE algorithm to modify the artificial potential field (APF). The results of this paper present that on one hand, meta-heuristic optimization algorithm features give the best performance indices for linear and non-linear contours, and on the other hand, DE algorithm features give good modification to APF to generate collision free contour path planning.

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Baranyi, Péter, Péter Korondi, and Kazuo Tanaka. "Parallel Distributed Compensation Based Stabilization of A 3-DOF RC Helicopter: A Tensor Product Transformation Based Approach." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 13, no. 1 (January 20, 2009): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2009.p0025.

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This paper presents a control solution for the stabilization of the 3-DOF RC helicopter via the combination of the TP (Tensor Product) model transformation and the PDC (Parallel Distributed Compensation) control design framework. First we recall the nonlinear model of the RC helicopter and its simplified version, in order, to facilitate control design. Then we execute the TP model transformation on the simplified model to yield its TP model representation, that is a kind of polytopic model with specific characteristics, whereupon the PDC framework can immediately be applied. The control design considers practical control specifications such as: good speed of response and physical constrain on the control effort to avoid actuator saturations. We guarantee these specifications by LMI (Linear Matrix Inequality) conditions developed under the PDC frameworks. Further, we avoid the discrepancies, introduced via the simplification of the model, by applying LMI conditions specialized for robust control. By simultaneously solving these LMI conditions, we render a stabilizing nonlinear controller that achieves good speed of response with small control effort without actuator saturations. Simulation results are included to validate the control design. It will be pointed out that the resulting controller is equivalent with the controller successfully applied in the real control experiment of the helicopter presented in a recent paper.The main conclusion of this paper is, that the proposed design process is systematic, non-heuristic and straightforward, the stability proof of the resulting controller is tractable via the feasibility test of LMIs and, hence, exact. The whole design procedure is automatically computed via commercialized mathematical tools (MATLAB LMI Toolbox) without analytical interaction. The computational time is about minutes on a regular PC.

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Sahu, Gokulananda, Rajesh Kumar Patjoshi, and Rakhee Panigrahi. "An FPGA Based Novel Digital Controller for DSTATCOM to Enhance Power Quality in Distribution System." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 18, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2020182.240340.

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This paper proposes an FPGA based all-on-chip novel digital controller for DSTATCOM to compensate harmonics and reactive power existing in power distribution system. The proposed technique extracts reference current by considering instantaneous symmetrical component active power (ISCAP) theory based phase delay compensation (PDC) control technique. The proposed controller comprises positive sequence detector, PI-controller, low-pass filters (LPF) and hysteresis current controller. All these segments are configured on high speed, low cost field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) hardware resources intended to mitigate harmonics and compensate reactive power in power distribution network. Very high speed hardware description language (VHDL) implementation for each module are produced through system generator and implemented on SPARTAN-3 XC3S5000 FPGA chip through RT-XSG toolbox in Opal-RT platform. The performance of proposed controller is demonstrated through VHDL test bench, simulation and real-time experimental results with consideration of total harmonic distortion (THD) and power factor correction in steady state condition.

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Phabphal, Kanitpong, and Siriporn Hirunpatch. "The effectiveness of low-cost teleconsultation for emergency head computer tomography in patients with suspected stroke." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 14, no. 8 (December 2008): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2008.080603.

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Teleradiology in an emergency situation can be used to support rapid neurological decision-making when specialists are remote from the hospital concerned. We have developed a low-cost system using a PDA phone as the receiving equipment. The experimental system was based on a notebook PC to send the images and a PDA phone to receive them. We used commercially available toolbar software for transmitting the information through the mobile phone network. A total of 100 images from clinically suspected strokes within the previous 24 hours were transmitted to a neurologist. The mean size of the original picture was 20.9 kByte and the images were compressed by approximately 2:1 before transmission. The mean transmission time was 48 s per image. The diagnosis from the PDA phone image was in complete agreement with the diagnosis from the original image in cases of acute ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, metastasis and in normal scans. However, there was agreement in only 7 of the 8 cases (88%) of subarachnoid haemorrhage. The overall transmission cost was 400 Thai baht per case. The study showed that good accuracy can be achieved with a low-cost system for teleradiology consultation in stroke.

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Torres-Pinzón, Carlos Andrés, Leonel Paredes-Madrid, Freddy Flores-Bahamonde, and Harrynson Ramirez-Murillo. "LMI-Fuzzy Control Design for Non-Minimum-Phase DC-DC Converters: An Application for Output Regulation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 2286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052286.

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Robust control techniques for power converters are becoming more attractive because they can meet with most demanding control goals like uncertainties. In this sense, the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy controller based on linear matrix inequalities (LMI) is a linear control by intervals that has been relatively unexplored for the output-voltage regulation problem in switching converters. Through this technique it is possible to minimize the disturbance rejection level, satisfying constraints over the decay rate of state variables as well as the control effort. Therefore, it is possible to guarantee, a priori, the stability of the large-signal converters in a broad operation domain. This work presents the design of a fuzzy control synthesis based on a T-S fuzzy model for non-minimum phase dc-dc converters, such as boost and buck-boost. First, starting from the canonical bilinear converters expression, a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is obtained, allowing to define the fuzzy controller structure through the parallel distributed compensation technique (PDC). Finally, the fuzzy controller design based on LMIs is solved for the defined specification in close loop through MATLAB toolbox LMI. Simulations and experimental results of a 60 W prototype are presented to verify theoretical predictions.

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Zhang, Jingsong, Shohreh I. Dickinson, Noel D. Clark, and Amber Lea Flaherty. "Expression of PD-L1 in primary urothelial carcinoma (UC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 4541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.4541.

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4541 Background: Engagement of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), expressed on CD8+ T cells, with it ligand PD-L1(B7H1), expressed on tumor cells, results in T cell suppression and tumor protection. Antibodies against PD-1 or PD-L1 have reported impressive anti-tumor activities in phase I/II trials and are being tested in the phase 3 setting. Exploratory analysis indicated that expression of PD-L1 could be a predictive marker for response. Of note, urothelial carcinoma (UC) was not included in the early phase anti-PD1 or anti-PD-L1 studies. To explore anti-PD-L1 as a new treatment for this lethal disease, we assessed PD-L1 expression in UC. Methods: The relative mRNA abundance of PD-L1 mRNA in UC was studied in the Oncomine Bittner Multi-cancer dataset, which included a total of 1911 tumor samples. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed with rabbit monoclonal antibody against human PD-L1 on tissue microarrays with 83 formalin fixed paraffin embedded T1, T2 and T3 UC. IHC slides were reviewed by a genitourinary pathologist. A positive staining is defined when ≥ 5% of cancer cells had positive PD-L1 membrane and/or cytoplasmic staining. The IHC slides were scanned with the Aperio ScanScope XT and the immunopositivity of PD-L1 was quantitatively scored using commercial algorithms from the Aperio Toolbox and TissueStudio. The 1+, 2+, and 3+ score of each core was based on the dominant IHC staining intensity. Results: In the Bittner multi-cancer dataset, the log2 median mRNA intensities of PD-L1 in prostate cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, colon cancer, UC of the bladder, ureter and squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder were 0.245, 0.528, 0.61, 0.81, 0.802, and 1.202 respectively. The overall PD-L1 IHC staining positivity was 45% in 83 primary UC samples. All six 3+ PD-L1 staining cores were grade 3 urothelial carcinomas and each core had more than 60% of cancer cells with 3+ PD-L1 membrane staining. Grade 3 cores also had the highest percentage of 2+ and 3+ PD-L1 positivity. No association was observed between T staging and PD-L1 staining intensity. Conclusions: PD-L1 is expressed in primary UC. We have obtained additional UC samples to correlate its expression with survival and its expression pattern with the pattern of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.

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Adamtey, Simon. "Cost and time performance analysis of progressive design-build projects." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (September 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-05-2020-0164.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate and determine the time and cost performance of progressive design-build (PDB) projects compared with that of design-build (DB) projects. The objective is to provide empirical evidence on the performance of PDB delivery method. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research approach was used by analyzing time and cost data collected on 75 PDB and 92 DB projects from the database of Design-Build Institute of America. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine statistical difference in time and cost performance between PDB and DB. Findings PDB projects have a comparatively better time performance than cost performance. When compared with DB projects, there was a statistically significant difference in time overrun with PDB performing better than DB (0.41 vs 8.0%). Additionally, about 80% of PDB projects had shorter or as scheduled duration compared to 74% for DB. There was no statistically significant difference of cost performance between PDB and DB. Research limitations/implications The main limitation is the sample size of 72 PDB projects. It is recommended that further research should be conducted using a larger sample size to confirm the findings of this study. Practical implications PDB will be more beneficial for projects with sensitive deadlines. For an owner deciding between PDB and DB, the advantage of using PDB is in its time performance, which may lead to the project being completed on or ahead of time. As such, PDB can serve as another “tool in the toolbox” for owners to help in reducing construction delays. Originality/value This paper is the first attempt to provide an empirical evidence of the cost and time performance of PDB based on analyzing multiple projects. Owners will be better informed when selecting PDB for their projects.

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Cicognola, Claudia, Oskar Hansson, Philip Scheltens, Hlin Kvartsberg, Henrik Zetterberg, Charlotte E. Teunissen, and Kaj Blennow. "Cerebrospinal fluid N-224 tau helps discriminate Alzheimer’s disease from subjective cognitive decline and other dementias." Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 13, no. 1 (February 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13195-020-00756-6.

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Abstract Background Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau at Thr181 (P-tau181) protein are typical of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the T-tau assay measures only the mid-region of the protein, while tau in CSF is instead composed of a series of fragments. One fragment species in particular, N-224, shows increased levels in AD compared to controls. In this multicentre study, we performed a clinical validation of the N-224 assay in cohorts including patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD, non-AD dementias and controls. Methods Cohorts consisted of 30 SCD and 30 probable AD from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort (cohort 1) and 539 controls, 195 SCD, 232 MCI, 137 AD and 253 non-AD from the Swedish BioFINDER study (cohort 2). All samples had AD core biomarkers (Aβ42, T-tau, P-tau181) measurements. N-224 was measured with an in-house ultrasensitive Simoa assay. Results N-224 levels were significantly higher in AD compared to SCD (cohort 1: p = 0.003) and in AD compared to all other diagnostic groups in cohort 2 (control, SCD, MCI and non-AD, p < 0.0001). Within the non-AD group, N-224 showed significantly lower concentrations compared to AD in Parkinson’s disease (PD, p < 0.0001), Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD, p = 0.004), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, < 0.0001), multiple system atrophy (MSA, p = 0.002) and parkinsonisms not otherwise specified (NOS, p = 0.007). In cohort 1, higher concentrations of N-224 were associated to lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (R2 = 0.318, β = 0.564, p ≤ 0.0001) and could accurately identify a pathological (< 24) MMSE score (p < 0.0001, AUC = 0.824). Conclusions N-224 tau can distinguish AD subjects from SCD and can discriminate subgroups of non-AD dementias from AD. Therefore, N-224 may be a useful addition to the tau biomarker toolbox for the study of tau species in CSF and for better understanding disease pathogenesis.

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Journal articles on the topic 'PDE Toolbox'

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