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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Lee, Hock Seng. "An ODE/MOL PDE Template For Soil Physics." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365588.

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The aim of the thesis is to find a method, in conjunction with the ordinary differential equation (ODE) based method of lines (MOL) solution of Richards’ equation, to model the steep wetting front infiltration in very dry soils, accurately and efficiently. Due to the steep pressure head or steep water volumetric content gradients, highly nonlinear soil hydraulic properties and the rapid movement of the wetting front, accurate solutions for infiltration into a dry soil are usually difficult to obtain. Additionally, such problems often require very small time steps and large computation times. As an enhancement to the used ODE/MOL approach, Higher Order Finite Differencing, Varying Order Finite Differencing, Vertical Scaling, Adaptive Schemes and Non-uniform Stretching Techniques have been implemented and tested in this thesis. Success has been found in the ability of Vertical Scaling to simulate very steep moving front solution for the Burgers’ equation. Unfortunately, the results also show that Vertical Scaling needs significant research and improvement before their full potential in routine applications for difficult nonlinear problems, such as Richard’s equation with very steep moving front solution, can be realized. However, we have also shown that the use of the composed form of RE and a 2nd order finite differencing for the first order derivative approximation is conducive for modelling steep moving front problem in a very dry soil. Additionally, with the combination of an optimal influx value at the edges of the inlet, the ODE/MOL approach is able to model a 2-D infiltration in very dry soils, effectively and accurately. Furthermore, one of the strengths of this thesis is the use of a MATLAB PDE template. Implementing the ODE/MOL approach via a MATLAB PDE template has shown to be most suitable for modelling of partial differential equations. The plug and play mode of modifying the PDE template for solving time-dependent partial differential equations is user-friendly and easy, as compared to more conventional approaches using Pascal, Fortran, C or C++. The template offers greater modularity, flexibility, versatility, and efficiency for solving PDE problems in both 1-D and 2-D spatial dimensions. Moreover, the 2-D PDE template has been extended for irregular shaped domains.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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2

Lee, Hock Seng, and n/a. "An ODE/MOL PDE Template For Soil Physics: A Numerical Study." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030616.142709.

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The aim of the thesis is to find a method, in conjunction with the ordinary differential equation (ODE) based method of lines (MOL) solution of Richards equation, to model the steep wetting front infiltration in very dry soils, accurately and efficiently. Due to the steep pressure head or steep water volumetric content gradients, highly nonlinear soil hydraulic properties and the rapid movement of the wetting front, accurate solutions for infiltration into a dry soil are usually difficult to obtain. Additionally, such problems often require very small time steps and large computation times. As an enhancement to the used ODE/MOL approach, Higher Order Finite Differencing, Varying Order Finite Differencing, Vertical Scaling, Adaptive Schemes and Non-uniform Stretching Techniques have been implemented and tested in this thesis. Success has been found in the ability of Vertical Scaling to simulate very steep moving front solution for the Burgers equation. Unfortunately, the results also show that Vertical Scaling needs significant research and improvement before their full potential in routine applications for difficult nonlinear problems, such as Richards equation with very steep moving front solution, can be realized. However, we have also shown that the use of the composed form of RE and a 2nd order finite differencing for the first order derivative approximation is conducive for modelling steep moving front problem in a very dry soil. Additionally, with the combination of an optimal influx value at the edges of the inlet, the ODE/MOL approach is able to model a 2-D infiltration in very dry soils, effectively and accurately. Furthermore, one of the strengths of this thesis is the use of a MATLAB PDE template. Implementing the ODE/MOL approach via a MATLAB PDE template has shown to be most suitable for modelling of partial differential equations. The plug and play mode of modifying the PDE template for solving time-dependent partial differential equations is user-friendly and easy, as compared to more conventional approaches using Pascal, Fortran, C or C++. The template offers greater modularity, flexibility, versatility, and efficiency for solving PDE problems in both 1-D and 2-D spatial dimensions. Moreover, the 2-D PDE template has been extended for irregular shaped domains.

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3

Becerril-Garcia, Hector Alejandro. "DNA-Templated Nanomaterials." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1823.pdf.

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4

Verhaaren, Catharine C. "Improving Course Assessments Through a Product Assessment Template." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2338.pdf.

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5

Breitenlechner, Stefan Johann. "Polymer-gebundene chirale Template in stereoselektiven photochemischen Reaktionen." kostenfrei, 2008. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/667523/667523.pdf.

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6

Parsons, Ian. "PI/OT, a template approach to parallel I/O." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23055.pdf.

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7

Taş, Levent Koltuksuz Ahmet Hasan. "Defining a sample template for governmental procurements of cryptographic products/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2006. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/bilgisayaryazilimi/T000537.pdf.

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8

Cow, Christopher N. "Orchestration of reactions on glycoluril templates." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/NQ42734.pdf.

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9

Chan, Jimmy. "Nano-wire fabrication using anodic aluminum oxide as the template." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/MQ40730.pdf.

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10

Marshall, Andrew D. "Template-assisted program restructuring with application to communications infrastructure evolution." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0016/NQ58151.pdf.

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11

Ljungberg, Malin. "Design of High Performance Computing Software for Genericity and Variability." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7768.

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12

Jones, Michael N. "T-REX, a Template-Resonance EXcitation model of single letter classification." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63319.pdf.

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13

Xin, Huijun. "DNA-Templated Surface Alignment and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1394.pdf.

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14

Yang, Yi. "Study of microtubule templates for fabrication of nano-interconnects." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1127%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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15

Magron, Victor. "Formal Proofs for Global Optimization -- Templates and Sums of Squares." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/91/77/79/PDF/thesis.pdf.

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Cette thèse a pour but de certifier des bornes inférieures de fonctions multivariées à valeurs réelles, définies par des expressions semi-algébriques ou transcendantes et de prouver leur validité en vérifiant les certificats dans l'assistant de preuves Coq. De nombreuses inégalités de cette nature apparaissent par exemple dans la preuve par Thomas Hales de la conjecture de Kepler. Dans le cadre de cette étude, on s'intéresse à des fonctions non-linéaires, faisant intervenir des opérations semi-algébriques ainsi que des fonctions transcendantes univariées (cos, arctan, exp, etc). L'utilisation de différentes méthodes d'approximation permet de relâcher le problème initial en un problème d'optimisation semi-algébrique. On se ramène ainsi à des problèmes d'optimisation polynomiale, qu'on résout par des techniques de sommes de carrés creuses. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons une technique classique d'optimisation globale. Les fonctions transcendantes univariées sont approchées par les meilleurs estimateurs polynomiaux uniformes de degré d. Par la suite, nous présentons une méthode alternative, qui consiste a borner certains des constituants de la fonction non-linéaire par des suprema de formes quadratiques (approximation maxplus, introduite à l'origine en contrôle optimal) de courbures judicieusement choisies. Enfin, cet algorithme d'approximation est amélioré, en combinant l'idée des estimateurs maxplus et de la méthode des gabarits développée par Manna et al. (en analyse statique). Les gabarits non-linéaires permettent un compromis sur la precision des approximations maxplus afin de contrôler la complexité des estimateurs semi-algébriques. Ainsi, on obtient une nouvelle technique d'optimisation globale, basée sur les gabarits, qui exploite à la fois la precision des sommes de carrés et la capacité de passage à l'échelle des méthodes d'abstraction. L'implémentation de ces méthodes d'approximation a abouti à un outil logiciel : NLCertify. Cet outil génère des certificats à partir d'approximations semi-algébriques et de sommes de carrés. Son interface avec Coq permet de bénéficier de l'arithmétique certifiée disponible dans l'assistant de preuves, et ainsi d'obtenir des estimateurs et des bornes valides pour chaque approximation. Nous démontrons les performances de cet outil de certification sur divers problèmes d'optimisation globale ainsi que sur des inégalités serrées qui interviennent dans la preuve de Hales
The aim of this work is to certify lower bounds for real-valued multivariate functions, defined by semialgebraic or transcendental expressions and to prove their correctness by checking the certificates in the Coq proof system. The application range for such a tool is widespread; for instance Hales' proof of Kepler's conjecture involves thousands of nonlinear inequalities. The functions we are dealing with are nonlinear and involve semialgebraic operations as well as some transcendental functions like cos, arctan, exp, etc. Our general framework is to use different approximation methods to relax the original problem into a semialgebraic optimization problem. It leads to polynomial optimization problems which we solve by sparse sums of squares relaxations. First, we implement a classical scheme in global optimization. Namely, we approximate univariate transcendental functions with best uniform degree-d polynomial estimators. Then, we present an alternative method, which consists in bounding some of the constituents of the nonlinear function by suprema or infima of quadratic polynomials (max-plus approximation method, initially introduced in optimal control) with a carefully chosen curvature. Finally, we improve this approximation algorithm, by combining the ideas of the maxplus estimators and of the linear template method developed by Manna et al. (in static analysis). The nonlinear templates control the complexity of the semialgebraic estimators at the price of coarsening the maxplus approximations. In that way, we arrive at a new - template based - global optimization method, which exploits both the precision of sums of squares/SDP relaxations and the scalability of abstraction methods. We successfully implemented these approximation methods in a software package named NLCertify. This tool interleaves semialgebraic approximations with sums of squares witnesses to form certificates. It is interfaced with Coq and thus benefits from the trusted arithmetic available inside the proof assistant. This feature is used to produce, from the certificates, both valid underestimators and lower bounds for each approximated constituent. We illustrate the efficiency of NLCertify with various examples from the global optimization literature, as well as tight inequalities issued from the Flyspeck project

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16

Rohozinski, J. "Studies of velvet tobacco mottle virus RNA replication by enzyme-template complexes in extracts from infected leaves /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr738.pdf.

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17

Orr, Eric D. "Six degrees of Guillelmus Mancip : a study of connections between donors to the military orders in 12th century Toulouse /." View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131458162.pdf.

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18

Joseph, Tomy. "Use of epitope mapping to identify a polymerase chain reaction template for protein amplification of bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein D." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63260.pdf.

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19

Romanovicz, Vanessa 1983, Deyse Elisabeth Ortiz Suman 1958 Carpenter, and Universidade Regional de Blumenau Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química. "Síntese de nanotubos de carbono utilizando caldo de cana como precursor e templates AAO (Anodic Aluminum Oxide) /." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações FURB, 2011. http://www.bc.furb.br/docs/DS/2011/357584_1_1.pdf.

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20

Chong, Shiao Choong. "The temple of communion, George Herbert and dialogism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22521.pdf.

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21

Boyle, Catherine Sheryl. "North Eros : the Temple of Love at Gennevilliers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq64105.pdf.

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22

Richter, Hartmut. "Baylis-Hillman-Reaktionen an der Festphase : Varianten zur Darstellung von Templaten für die Synthese von "Multi Core Structure Libraries" /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/349945004.pdf.

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23

Zivie-Coche, Christiane. "Giza au premier millénaire autour du temple d'Isis ; dame des Pyramides /." Boston, Mass. : Museum of Fine Arts, 1991. http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf%20library/zivie-coche%5FGiza%5F1er%5Fmill.pdf.

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24

Aslan, Özkaya Özlem Böke Hasan. "Properties of Roman bricks and mortars used in Serapis Temple in Bergama/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/mimarirestorasyon/T000322.pdf.

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25

Laughlin, Jack C. "Aradhakamurti/Adhisthayakamurti, popular piety, politics, and the medieval Jain temple portrait." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ66276.pdf.

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26

Bertrand, Robert. "Étude iconographique et théologique du dernier tableau de Rembrandt, Siméon glorifiant l'enfant Jésus au temple." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2001. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2716/1/000682150.pdf.

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27

Dhakal, Subas Prasad Sansanee Choowaew. "Local people's perception and willingness to pay towards participatory management of recreational opportunities in wetlands of Wat Pailom & Ampuvararam Temple wildlife non hunting area, Pathum Thani province, Thailand/." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd382/4737899.pdf.

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28

Trolez, Yann. "Multi-rotaxanes cycliques et linéaires assemblés au cuivre(I)Copper(I) templated syntheses and dynamic properties of cyclic and linear multi-rotaxanes : synthèse et propriétés dynamiques." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/TROLEZ_Yann_2010.pdf.

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Depuis quelques années, la fonctionnalisation des rotaxanes est devenue un enjeu important. Récemment, le laboratoire a publié la synthèse d'un [3]rotaxane contenant deux porphyrines de Zn(II) se comportant comme un récepteur adaptable vis-à-vis de substrats bidentates tels que la 4,4'-bipyridine. Les constantes d'association avec ce type de composés varient selon que le système est métallé ou non par du Cu(I) mais dépassent dans tous les cas étudiés 106. Le travail de thèse présenté ici se situe dans le prolongement de ces travaux. Tout d'abord, la synthèse et l'étude de deux [4]rotaxanes cycliques assemblés au Cu(I), contenant ou non des porphyrines, sont décrites. Ces deux [4]rotaxanes de Cu(I) se sont comportés comme des récepteurs moléculaires, soit par interactions -accepteur/-donneur, soit par liaison de coordination. De façon inattendue, le [4]rotaxane porphyrinique a perdu ses propriétés de coordination après démétallation du fait de l'effondrement de sa structure due à une coordination intramoléculaire des triazoles des axes au Zn(II) des porphyrines. Ensuite, la synthèse et l'étude de multi-rotaxanes linéaires sont décrites en vue de l'élaboration d'une double navette symétrique. En marge de ce projet, la synthèse d'un [5]rotaxane linéaire, comportant deux types de motifs coordinants, l'un bidentate et l'autre tridentate, a été réalisée. Ce composé a montré de remarquables propriétés de coordination sélective vis-à-vis des cations Zn2+ et Li+. En effet, lorsque deux équivalents de ces deux métaux sont introduits en solution, le Zn2+ est coordiné au niveau des motifs tridentates et le Li+ au niveau des analogues de bipyridines, et ce de façon quantitative
Since some years, many efforts have been made for the functionalisation of rotaxanes. Recently, the synthesis of a [3]rotaxane containing two zinc(II) porphyrins, behaving as an adaptable receptor towards the complexation of bidentate substrates such as 4,4'-bipyridine, has been reported. The association constants with this type of compounds vary with the presence or not of Cu(I) in the system, but in all the studied cases, they are above 106. The PhD work presented here is to improve the system of adaptable receptor. First, the synthesis and the study of two new cyclic [4]rotaxanes assembled with Cu(I), containing or not porphyrins, are reported. These metalated [4]rotaxanes behave as molecular receptors thanks to π-donor/π-acceptor interactions or coordination bonds. Very surprisingly, the porphyrinic [4]rotaxane has completely lost its coordination properties after demetalation because of the collapse of the structure on itself due to the coordination of two of four triazoles belonging to the axles on Zn2+ of the porphyrins. Then, the syntheses and the studies of linear multi-rotaxanes for the elaboration of a symmetrical double molecular shuttle are reported. In extension to this project, a linear [5]rotaxane containing two types of coordinating units, one bidentate and the other tridentate, was synthesized. This compound showed a remarkable selectivity towards the coordination of cations Zn2+ and Li+. Indeed, the addition of two equivalents of each metallic cations induce the quantitative coordination of Zn2+ on the tridentate chelate and Li+ on the bidentate chelate

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29

Dyck, Paul Henry. "All the constellations of the storie, George Herbert's Temple and English seventeenth-century textual common places." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ59952.pdf.

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30

Epps, Tracey. "Merchants in the temple?, the implications of the GATS and NAFTA for Canada's health care system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63078.pdf.

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31

Guzmán, Jaime. "Development and initial evaluation of an evidence-based in-office decision aid to improve the assessment and treatment of patients with acute low back pain in primary care practice, the Peterborough Back Rules Template." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq45402.pdf.

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32

Teitelbaum, Dina. "The relationship between Ossuary burial and the belief in resurrection during the Late Second Temple period Judaism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22102.pdf.

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33

Dupont, Daniel. "Le temple que Dieu a construit : étude comparative entre le Pontificale Romanum, pars secunda de 1596 et l'Ordo Dedicationis, caput secondus, de 1977." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1998. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4768/1/000642349.pdf.

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34

Hunchuck, Suzanne Holyck. "A house like no other, an architectural and social history of the Ukrainian Labour Temple, 523 Arlington Avenue, Ottawa, 1923-1967." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60989.pdf.

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35

Grimaldi, Dulce Maria. "Painting techniques and deterioration due to air pollution of the wall paintings of the Aztecs at the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan, in Mexico City." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0015/MQ52991.pdf.

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36

Mamfredis, Maria. ""A nation of priests" : the world-view of the Temple scroll and its application to the way of life prescribed in the sectarian scrolls from Qumran." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ54387.pdf.

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37

Singh, Simboonath. "The social construction of a collective Indian ethno-religious identity in a context of ethnic diversity, a case study of an Indo-Caribbean Hindu temple in Toronto." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ28060.pdf.

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38

Dreyfuss-Muresan, Raluca. "Bâtir un « Temple des muses » : une histoire sociale, culturelle et politique de l’architecture des théâtres publics dans la partie orientale de la Monarchie des Habsbourg (vers 1770-1812)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL097.pdf.

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À partir d’un corpus de quinze édifices et projets dans douze villes localisées dans les pays habsbourgeois situés à l’est de la frontière du Saint-Empire romain germanique, cette thèse tente d’éclairer la question de la création d’un programme architectural spécifique à un théâtre public. À l’encontre d’une tradition historiographique centrée sur la réforme de l’auditorium et sur la monumentalisation progressive du théâtre, il s’agit d’interroger la façon dont les formes d’exploitation des spectacles déterminent les distributions architecturales et conditionnent les exigences formulées à l’égard de tels édifices. Pour ce faire, cette étude prend le parti d’ancrer l’analyse des expressions architecturales dans une histoire sociale et administrative des spectacles. Cela suppose de mettre l’accent sur les divers protagonistes impliqués dans la réalisation d’un nouveau théâtre public, comme sur les positions des administrations publiques et le rôle de la presse culturelle dans l’encouragement des opérations de construction et la diffusion des renseignements sur les édifices existants. Il s’agit ainsi de réinterroger les transferts de savoirs architecturaux, en mettant en valeur des acteurs souvent négligés par les historiens de l’architecture et des formes de circulation spécifiques au contexte impérial. Cette approche permet de faire remonter d’un demi-siècle environ la chronologie de l’émancipation d’une architecture spécifique aux théâtres publics en Europe centrale, tout en mettant en lumière des typologies oubliées, comme les théâtres-redoute ou les théâtres-auberge. Enfin, cette perspective méthodologique permet de saisir l’instrumentalisation de la nature durable de l’architecture des théâtres dans la construction d’un imaginaire de l’« Europe policée » promu par les hommes de théâtre du Saint-Empire romain germanique
From a corpus of fifteen buildings and architectural projects in twelve cities located east of the border of the Holy Roman Empire, this dissertation endeavours to shed light on the question of the creation of an architectural programme specific to public theatre. Running counter to a certain historiographical tradition centred on auditorium reform and the progressive monumentalization of the theatre, this study examines how theatrical productions determined architectural distributions and conditioned the demands made upon such buildings. To this end, the analyses of the various architectural modes of expression are grounded in the social and administrative history of performances. This approach investigates the various parties involved in the realization of each new public theatre as well as the roles played by public administrators and the cultural press in encouraging the building projects and making information about the existing buildings available. By highlighting actors often neglected by architectural historians and modes of circulation specific to the imperial context, the process of transferring architectural knowledge may be questioned anew. The new avenues thus opened make it possible to extend the chronology of the emancipation of the architecture specific to the public theatres in Central Europe fifty years earlier, also shedding light on such forgotten typologies as the théâtres-redoute and the theatre-inns. Finally, this methodological perspective allows for a greater understanding of the political exploitation of the durable nature of theatre architecture toward the formation of an imaginary ‘civilised Europe’ promoted by the theatrical elite of the Holy Roman Empire

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39

Blais, Valérie. "UNE VILLE ET SON SANCTUAIRE À L'ÉPOQUE HELLÉNISTIQUE. L'instrumentalisation du Didymeion de Milet entre le IVe et le IIe siècle a. C." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29306/29306.pdf.

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40

Laurent-Brouty, Nicolas. "Modélisation du trafic sur des réseaux routiers urbains à l’aide des lois de conservation hyperboliques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4056.

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Cette thèse se consacre à la modélisation mathématique du trafic routier à l'aide des lois de conservation hyperboliques. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à l’application des modèles macroscopiques en milieu urbain. Les zones urbaines sont désormais régulièrement confrontées à des niveaux de congestion record et à des épisodes de pollution atmosphérique causés par le trafic routier. L’objectif de cette thèse est alors de développer des modèles de trafic qui représentent de manière réaliste l’évolution des véhicules en milieu urbain. Dans un premier temps, nous considérons le modèle Aw-Rascle-Zhang avec relaxation. Nous construisons une suite de solutions approchées à l'aide de la méthode de suivi des fronts (wave-front tracking en anglais) couplée à une méthode de décomposition temporelle (splitting en anglais) en référentiel Lagrangien. Pour chaque valeur du paramètre de relaxation, nous montrons que cette suite converge vers une solution faible et entropique du système pour une donnée initiale à variation bornée. Par la suite, nous calculons une borne supérieure sur la décroissance des ondes positives. Nous démontrons que les solutions du système convergent vers une solution faible du modèle Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR), c'est à dire vers la solution de la loi de conservation scalaire, lorsque le paramètre de relaxation tend vers zéro. Nous concluons par une discussion sur le caractère entropique de cette solution faible du modèle LWR. Dans un second temps, nous proposons un nouveau modèle macroscopique de trafic routier qui préserve le caractère borné de l'accélération des véhicules. Notre modèle couple une Équation aux Dérivées Partielles (EDP), la loi de conservation scalaire, à plusieurs Équations aux Dérivées Ordinaires (EDO), décrivant la trajectoire de véhicules accélérant à taux constant. Ces véhicules sont traités dans le modèle comme des goulots d'étranglement mobiles. Nous proposons la construction de solutions approchées avec un algorithme de suivi des fronts d'ondes et prouvons l'existence et l'unicité de la solution pour le problème de Cauchy associé à une donnée initiale constante par morceaux. Nous produisons ensuite des simulations numériques de notre modèle dans différentes situations urbaines, allant de la résolution du problème de Riemann à la simulation d'un axe urbain comportant plusieurs feux de signalisation. Enfin nous comparons ces simulations aux solutions du modèle LWR appliqué aux mêmes situations. Pour terminer, nous proposons un nouveau modèle macroscopique de trafic routier avec des stockages tampon (buffers en anglais) aux intersections afin de résoudre le modèle LWR sur des réseaux routiers. Ce modèle utilise des buffers de dimension finie, qui garantissent la propagation de la congestion au sein du réseau. Il comporte également des fonctions de répartition de véhicules aux jonctions qui sont dépendantes du temps, et peuvent dès lors être contrôlées au cours du temps. La dynamique du trafic est d'abord établie à l'aide des lois de conservation hyperboliques, conformément au modèle LWR, puis retranscrite dans une formulation de Hamilton-Jacobi. Nous prouvons alors l'existence, l'unicité et la stabilité des solutions vis à vis des données initiales en résolvant un problème de point fixe dans un espace de Banach approprié. La propriété de stabilité garantit que la solution du problème peut être contrôlée et optimisée en modifiant les fonctions de répartition des véhicules aux jonctions. Cela représente une avancée dans la résolution du problème d'assignation dynamique du trafic routier (Dynamic Traffic Assignment en anglais). Pour finir, nous détaillons l'application du modèle à un réseau routier réaliste comportant plusieurs intersections et des routes de longueur finie
This thesis is devoted to the modeling of traffic flow using hyperbolic conservation laws, with a specific focus on urban applications. Urban areas are today facing severe episodes of air pollution and increasing congestion due to traffic. The objective is to overcome some of the current limitations of macroscopic traffic flow models in urban situations. We first study the seminal Aw-Rascle-Zhang model with relaxation. We prove well-posedness of the model using wave-front tracking approximations and splitting technique in a Lagrangian setting. Besides, we provide an estimate on the decay of positive waves. We then show that the solutions of the Aw-Rascle-Zhang system with relaxation converge to a weak solution of the LWR model when the relaxation parameter goes to zero. Finally, we propose a discussion on the entropy aspect of this weak solution of the LWR model. We then propose a new macroscopic traffic flow model accounting for the boundedness of traffic acceleration, which is required for physical realism. Our model is built on the coupling between the scalar conservation law accounting for the conservation of vehicles and a number of ordinary differential equations describing the trajectories of accelerating vehicles, which we treat as moving constraints. We detail a wave-front tracking algorithm to construct approximate solutions of the model, with general flux functions and show existence of solutions to the Cauchy problem for a piecewise constant initial datum. Finally, we provide numerical simulations of the model in different urban situations, from a single Riemann problem to sequences of traffic lights, and confront the results to numerical simulations of the LWR model. Finally, we introduce a new macroscopic traffic flow model with buffers on road networks. This model features buffers of finite size, enabling backward propagation of congestion on the network, and time-dependent routing functions at the junctions. The dynamics are first defined on the level of conservation laws, and then transformed in an Hamilton-Jacobi formulation. We prove existence, uniqueness and stability of the solutions with respect to the routing ratios and initial datum using a fixed-point problem in a proper Banach space. Thanks to stability, the model provides a controllable framework, using routing ratios as control parameters. This represents an advance towards solving the Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) problem. In the end we detail how this framework applies to a classical road network with several intersections and finite-length links

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41

Buchheit, Nicolas. "Horizon universel, horizon régional : Réseaux et territoires des commanderies hospitalières de Basse-Alsace au XIIIe et au XIVe siècle." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/BUCHHEIT_Nicolas_2010.pdf.

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Echelon institutionnel de base de l'ordre de l'Hôpital de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem, les commanderies fournissaient des subsides et recrutaient des hommes pour les missions charitables et militaires de l'ordre en Orient. Leur apparition en Basse-Alsace fut relativement tardive et leur emprise territoriale, au cours des XIIIe et XIVe siècles, singulière. Considérées comme des interfaces, leur géographie incite à s'interroger sur la participation d'un ordre religieux-militaire, dont l'horizon d'action était "universel", à une construction régionale. Les fondations des commanderies de Dorlisheim, de Rhinau et de Sélestat au XIIIe siècle furent le résultat de politiques territoriales. Le soutien apporté par des pouvoirs princiers s'effaça au profit de celui d'une petite noblesse. Ceci provoqua un resserrement de leurs territoires, à partir du second quart du XIVe siècle. D'un espace rhénan, elles passaient à un développement contenu dans la Basse-Alsace, orienté notamment par des stratégies de domination de groupes parentaux. Dans ce contexte, l'autorité de l'ordre était soumise à rude épreuve. A cela s'ajoutait, depuis le début du XIVe siècle, leur progressive intégration à la ville de Strasbourg. La fondation d'une commanderie dans la ville en 1370-1371 en fut une étape décisive, bien qu'elle trouvât son origine dans les aspirations mystiques du bourgeois Rulman Merswin et dans les projets de réforme de l'Hôpital en Allemagne. Enfin, la réorganisation des établissements de l'ordre en Basse-Alsace, progressivement polarisée sur la commanderie de Strasbourg à la fin du XIVe siècle, participait à la définition de la métropole strasbourgeoise dans le fossé rhénan
The commanderies were the basic institutions of the order of the Hospital of Saint-John of Jerusalem. They provided money and recruted men for the charitable and military missions of the order in the East. Their appearance in Lower-Alsace was relatively late and their territorial expansion during the 13th and 14th centuries was distinct other regions. As interfaces, their geography show the participation of a military order, which action was universal, in a regional construction. The foundations of the commanderies of Dorlisheim, Rhinau and Sélestat in the 13th century were commanded by territorial policies. They were at first supported by a high aristocracy, then by the low nobility. This conducted to a development limited to Lower-Alsace in the 14th century. The influences of some families' strategies of domination were important. In this context, the order's autority was put to the test. During the same time, the commanderies were incorporated in Strasbourg. The foundation of a commandery in the city in 1370-1371 was a decisive step. It had one's origins in the mystical yearning of the burger Rulman Merswin and in the project of reform of the order in Germany. Finally, the reorganization of the Hospitallers' establishments in Lower-Alsace, which were progressively focused on the commandery of Strasbourg at the end of the 14th century, contributed to the definition of the territory of Strasbourg in the Rhine valley

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42

Costello, Jane. "Evaluation of an electronic portfolio template system." Thesis, 2002. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/1899/1/MQ72843.pdf.

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The design, development and formative evaluation of an Electronic Portfolio Template System for Cycle 1 students in the Quebec Education System is described. The prototype is a web-based, database-driven process and showcase portfolio container that facilitates portfolio development. This system contains administrator, teacher and student environments. Each of these environments, along with the installation, set-up and documentation process was evaluated. In all, twenty-six participants evaluated the various environments and processes. Results of all evaluations are presented. The student environment received the most feedback with strengths reported relating to interface design, usability, learnability and aesthetics and weaknesses reported relating to suitability and navigation. Interface design, learnability and aesthetics were reported as strengths while marginal navigation weaknesses were reported in the teacher and administrator environments. Evaluative comments, recommendations for improvement and suggestions for further research are presented.

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Vo, SiNguyen. "Wavelet transforms and template approaches to face recognition." Thesis, 2002. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/1707/1/MQ68481.pdf.

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Face recognition is a very important task in many applications such as biometric authentication or for content-based indexing photo and video retrieval systems. In recent years, considerable progress has been made on the problems of face detection and recognition, using different methods divided into two groups of geometrical measures and template matching. However, as computation is very expensive and require a great amount of storage for the earlier methods based on correlation, several more recent methods have then been based on principal component analysis, neural network classification and deformable model of templates of features. The first topic of the work reported in this thesis is the experimental evaluation of face recognition methods based on template approaches. Our aim is to test different approaches of template matching: using cross-correlation with Fast Fourier transform, using features obtained from filtering with Gabor wavelet transform or Daubechies wavelet transform, with both rigid grid matching and deformable graph matching. Then, in the second part of the thesis, we propose an implementation of face recognition based on the Daubechies wavelet transform with the matching of series of corresponding graphs while being both speed and storage friendly. The experiments performed on the entire image database of AT&T Laboratories Cambridge show that while the training phase from our proposed face recognition system outperforms in terms of speed other previously described methods such as those based on Fast Fourier transform, Gabor wavelet transform, and even Eigenfaces, its recognition rate is 81% for the entire raw database and even reaches 91% when images are not distorted by strong facial expressions or accessories.

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44

Haddad, Chedid. "CINDI_QA : a template-based bilingual question answering system." Thesis, 2008. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/975877/1/MR40939.pdf.

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CINDI_QA is the result of the CINDI group's efforts at tackling multilingual Question Answering. The goal of the system is to receive a French question and return the answer to that question in English. This thesis outlines the architecture of CINDI_QA and how it is integrated with several open-source tools. Google Translate is used to produce the English equivalent of the French question. The Link Parser is a semantic parser of English that identifies keywords such as nouns, verbs and adjectives. WordNet is a lexical analyzer that generates synonyms of those keywords. Finally, Lucene handles indexing and searching of the large data collection made up of Wikipedia static pages. In addition to these tools, CINDI_QA heavily relies on templates to better understand the question entered by the user. Six templates help the system answer questions about different subjects. The performance of CINDI_QA has been assessed by participating in the 2007 edition of the QA@CLEF competition, an annual conference focusing on multilingual QA, to which the CINDI group submitted two runs that ranked second and third out of eight candidates

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45

Zhou, Xuebing. "Privacy and Security Assessment of Biometric Template Protection." Phd thesis, 2012. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/2885/1/XuebingZhou_Dissertation-1.pdf.

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Biometrics enables convenient authentication based on a person's physical or behavioral characteristics. In comparison with knowledge- or token-based methods, it links an identity directly to its owner. Furthermore, it can not be forgotten or handed over easily. As biometric techniques have become more and more efficient and accurate, they are widely used in numerous areas. Among the most common application areas are physical and logical access controls, border control, authentication in banking applications and biometric identification in forensics. In this growing field of biometric applications, concerns about privacy and security cannot be neglected. The advantages of biometrics can revert to the opposite easily. The potential misuse of biometric information is not limited to the endangerment of user privacy, since biometric data potentially contain sensitive information like gender, race, state of health, etc. Different applications can be linked through unique biometric data. Additionally, identity theft is a severe threat to identity management, if revocation and reissuing of biometric references are practically impossible. Therefore, template protection techniques are developed to overcome these drawbacks and limitations of biometrics. Their advantage is the creation of multiple secure references from biometric data. These secure references are supposed to be unlinkable and non-invertible in order to achieve the desired level of security and to fulfill privacy requirements. The existing algorithms can be categorized into transformation-based approaches and biometric cryptosystems. The transformation-based approaches deploy different transformation or randomization functions, while the biometric cryptosystems construct secrets from biometric data. The integration in biometric systems is commonly accepted in research and their feasibility according to the recognition performance is proved. Despite of the success of biometric template protection techniques, their security and privacy properties are investigated only limitedly. This predominant deficiency is addressed in this thesis and a systematic evaluation framework for biometric template protection techniques is proposed and demonstrated: Firstly, three main protection goals are identified based on the review of the requirements on template protection techniques. The identified goals can be summarized as security, privacy protection ability and unlinkability. Furthermore, the definitions of privacy and security are given, which allow to quantify the computational complexity estimating a pre-image of a secure template and to measure the hardness of retrieving biometric data respectively. Secondly, three threat models are identified as important prerequisites for the assessment. Threat models define the information about biometric data, system parameters and functions that can be accessed during the evaluation or an attack. The first threat model, so called naive model, assumes that an adversary has very limited information about a system. In the second threat model, the advanced model, we apply Kerckhoffs' principle and assume that essential details of algorithms as well as properties of biometric data are known. The last threat model assumes that an adversary owns large amount of biometric data and this allows him to exploit inaccuracy of biometric systems. It is called the collision threat model. Finally, a systematic framework for privacy and security assessment is proposed. Before an evaluation process, protection goals and threat models need to be clarified. Based on these, the metrics measuring different protection goals as well as an evaluation process determining the metrics will be developed. Both theoretical evaluation with metrics such as entropy, mutual information and practical evaluation based on individual attacks can be used. The framework for privacy and security assessment is applied on the biometric cryptosystems: fuzzy commitment for 3D face and iris recognition is assessed. I develop my own 3D face recognition algorithm based on the depth distribution of facial sub-surfaces and integrate it in the fuzzy commitment scheme. The iris recognition is based on an open source algorithm using Gabor filter. It is implemented in the fuzzy commitment scheme with the two layer coding method as proposed by Hao et al. Both features, the 3D face features and the iris features, represent local characteristics of the modalities. Thus, strong dependency within these features is observed. The second order dependency tree is applied to describe the distribution of 3D face features. The Markov model is applied to characterize the statistical properties of iris features. Thus, security and privacy of these algorithms can be measured with theoretical metrics. Due to strong feature dependency, the achieved security is much smaller than the secret size, which is the assumed security in a perfect secure case with uniformly identically distributed features. Moreover, the unlinkability is analyzed. The analysis shows that these protected systems are less vulnerable to leakage amplification. However, the secure templates contain much personal identifiable information. We demonstrate the attacks, which can identify a subject by linking auxiliary data stored in his secure templates. Cross matching is assessed with the performance of these attacks. Additionally, the characteristics of iris features is exploited to perform an attack retrieving features from secure templates. The efficiency of the practical attack confirms the result of the theoretical assessment of privacy with conditional entropy. The coding process plays a very important role for the security and privacy properties in the fuzzy commitment scheme. Designing a coding method should not only focus on the improvement of code rate. As shown in this thesis, security and privacy properties can be enhanced significantly by changing the dependency pattern in iris features and 3D face features. Therefore, the coding process should be adapted to properties of the underlying biometric features to increase the security and privacy performance. The security and privacy assessment within this thesis is completed by a comparison of two fuzzy commitment algorithms with the fuzzy vault algorithm for fingerprint recognition. Here, different threat models as well as the corresponding protection goals are considered. The fuzzy vault system has the best performance regarding security and irreversibility of biometric features. However, all of these systems are vulnerable to cross matching. The comparison results show that the proposed evaluation framework provides the fundamental basis for benchmarking different template protection algorithms. The proposed framework is also validated with the existing security analysis on transformation-based approaches. Unlike the analysis on biometric cryptosystems, the security is dependent on the hardness of transformation functions or randomization processes. Therefore, the presented analysis is based on efficiency of different kinds of attacks, which measure different protection goals in the appropriate threat models. The security of these approaches depends on the transformation parameters. The knowledge of these parameters allows generating a pre-image, while it is still hard to estimate the original biometric features practically. However, privacy leakage amplifications are still possible. This thesis defines a systematic evaluation framework, which adheres to essential criteria and requirements of biometric template protection techniques. Its applicability is demonstrated with the analysis of template protection algorithms for different biometric modalities. The assessment presented in this thesis is fundamental for a thorough analysis. Furthermore, it provides provable evidence on security and privacy performance. Therefore, it is the fundamental tool for technical innovation and improvement and helps system designers in selecting a suitable template protection algorithm for their applications and needs. It creates a basis for certification and benchmarking of biometric template protection.

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Benson, Gifty Annie. "Improved quantitation of human DNA using quantitative template amplification technology." 2007. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2410.pdf.

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47

Rauber, Markus. "Controlled Synthesis of Nanowire Assemblies by Ion-Track Template Electrodeposition." Phd thesis, 2012. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/2860/7/03_-_chapter_4.pdf.

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The development of methods that allow the organization of nanostructures into integrated arrangements is crucial to realizing applications based on nanowires. Although various such methods exist, the direct synthesis of complex nanowire structures is one of the most suitable approaches for translating a large quantity of nanostructures into micro-/macroscale dimensions. In particular, three-dimensional (3-D) nanowire assemblies with a high integration level and adjustable connectivity are highly desirable for applications such as energy harvesting, (electro-)catalysis, and sensor systems. In this thesis, the fabrication and characterization of complex nanowire assemblies, including welldefined arrays, 3-D networks, and hierarchical structures, by electrochemical deposition into specifically designed template materials are demonstrated. The approach is based on the ion-track template method that has been adopted to grow parallel aligned arrays of nanowires for several decades. This method was extended to organize nanowires into more complex structures by modifying the template production and electrodeposition parameters. In contrast to current synthesis routes, it is possible to independently control many of the parameters by defining (i) the characteristics of individual nanowires (including dimensions and composition) and (ii) the arrangement of the nanoscale building blocks into nanowire assemblies. Using this method, various stable 3-D nanowire superstructures can be created. Results that highlight the advantages arising from the design of advanced 3-D nanowire architectures are presented. In particular, nanowire networks (NWNs) have a large surface area and excellent transport properties; hence, they are potential electrocatalyst materials. In this study platinum was used; however, the general applicability of the method was verified by depositing various materials. In addition, efforts are devoted to the development of efficient methods that allow precise control over the structural parameters of the nanoscale building blocks in order to tune their characteristics. Consequently, existing structuring techniques reported for unconnected nanowires were adopted to produce multilayered 1-D nanostructures. Furthermore, the synthesis of segmented all-Pt nanowires by template electrodeposition into ion track-etched polycarbonate membranes is demonstrated. Pulse-reverse deposition, in combination with a selected electrolyte-template system, is used to influence the local distribution of Pt ions inside the nanochannels and to generate nanowires consisting of linked segments, by a kinetically controlled growth process. This novel growth mechanism facilitates the design of nanowires with a preset number of segments, and hence, the design of both interfaces and diameter constrictions. On the basis of structural characterizations, a mechanism responsible for the nucleation and growth of segments is proposed. In consideration of potential applications, the stability of cylindrical Pt nanowires against morphological changes at elevated temperatures is elucidated. Finally, the possibility of combining controlled nanostructuring with assembly methods in order to obtain substructured nanowire superstructures is highlighted. The presented methods afford new general routes for interconnecting nanowires to stable macroscopic superstructures having a very high integration level, thereby facilitating the manipulation of nanowires while maintaining their connectivity.

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48

Evans, John Spencer. "NMR and computational studies on the conformational folding of the biomineralization template, phosphophoryn." Thesis, 1993. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/5318/1/Evans_js_1993.pdf.

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Bovine Dentine Phosphophoryn (BDPP) is a member of the "Asp-rich" superfamily of template macromolecules known as polyelectrolyte mineral matrix proteins (PMMPs). Using 1-D and 2-D NMR multinuclear spectroscopy, protein sequencing, solid-phase peptide synthesis, and molecular modeling, we investigated the capacity of BDPP to fold in solution under certain conditions. It is believed that the folding properties of a template macromolcule are important in the formation of n inorganic mineral phase. In this report, we have established the following regarding BDPP structure: I. BDPP sequence organization can be conceptualized as three types of domains: polyelectrolyte calcium binding domains (PCBD), hinge domains (HD), and the hydrophobic domains (HC). The PCBD regions can be further subdivided into (Asp)_n, (PSer)_n, and (PSerAsp)_n-containing homopolymer and heteropolymer sequence stretches. The HD contain predominantly neutral or uncharged amino acids such as Ser, Gly, and Pro. These HD domain sequences are flanked on either side by PCBD regions. II. BDPP contains a number of Lys sidechains (44/1000 residues) which are believed to form ion pairs with either Asp, Glu, or PSer residues in the protein. The function of this salt-bridging is not understood at this time, but it may be responsible for maintaining the protein template molecule in a conformation that retains a high negative charge density. III. At low pH, or in the presence of divalent cations, BDPP assumes a global conformation that is condensed in particle size. At neutral pH under conditions of low ionic strength and in the absence of divalent cations, this global conformation converts to an extended form. The folding transition between these two conformers is mediated by conformational change in the BD regions which are flanked by specific PCBD sequence regions. IV. The PCBD regions possess some degree of tertiary and secondary structural organization in the absence of divalent cations at low ionic strength. This folding permits the surface charge density of these regions to remain high, relative to that of a random coil conformer. V. BDPP exhibits a selectivity in terms of divalent cation binding sites. Under conditions of low ionic strength and divalent cation depletion, the addition of Cd (II) to BDPP leads to binding at various PCBD sequence stretches, according to the following order: (PSer)_n > (PserAsp)_n > (Asp)_n VI. Modeling studies conducted on PCBD sequence peptides [(Asp)_(20), (PSer)_(20), and (PSerAsp)_(10)] indicate that there is a sequence preference for certain conformers in the presence of Na^+, i.e., (Asp)_(20) forms "supercoils", (PSer)_(20) forms "hairpins", and (PSerAsp)_(10) forms "spirals" or "distorted" hairpins. Each of these conformers features some degree of sidechain folding and/or peptide backbone secondary structure, in support of Mann's hypothesis, as well as the experimental data obtained for BDPP. VII. A peptide mimetic which represents a PCBD-Hinge-PCBD motif of rat α-phosphophoryn, was constructed using FMOC solid-phase peptide synthesis. Using 2-D NMR spectroscopy and monitoring α-CH and sidechain β-CH_2 proton chemical shifts, we can demonstrate that this peptide mimetic folds or collapses under conditions of low pH and divalent cation addition, in a manner similar to that observed for intact BDPP.

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49

Chan, Kahkit. "Polymer nanoencapsulated surfactant templated aerogel core composites for multifunctional application." 2009. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/Chan_okstate_0664M_10412.pdf.

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50

Movsesyan, Liana. "Template-assisted growth and characterization of ZnO-based nanowire arrays and 3D networks." Phd thesis, 2017. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/5442/1/Movsesyan_Liana_Doktorarbeit_2016.pdf.

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In recent years, research on the fabrication of semiconductor nanowires has attracted increasing interest in various fields of research. Especially, the successful synthesis of ZnO micro- and nanoscale structures has paved the way to numerous applications for devices including nanogenerators, sensors, solar and fuel cells. This work focuses on the synthesis of ZnO nanowire arrays and nanowire networks by means of electrochemical deposition in etched ion-track membranes. Three different geometries of nanowire-based structures are discussed: arrays of vertically aligned (1) cylindrical ZnO nanowires and (2) ZnO nanocones as well as (3) mechanically stable three-dimensional (3D) ZnO and ZnO/TiO2 nanowire networks. To establish a reproducible growth process of ZnO in track-etched membranes, the electrodeposition parameters of vertically aligned cylindrical ZnO nanowires are adjusted by independently varying the applied potential during the electrodeposition, the pore diameter of the membranes, and the concentration of the electrolyte (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O). The influence of these parameters on the morphological and crystallographic properties of the nanowires is analysed by means of high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). ZnO nanocone arrays with µm-size bases and nm-size tips are fabricated applying two growth approaches: base-to-tip and tip-to-base. The arrays are analysed by SEM in terms of mechanical stability. An important part of this thesis is the design and synthesis of 3D ZnO nanowire networks. The number density and diameter of the nanowires in the network are optimized in order to obtain mechanically stable 3D building blocks exhibiting a high surface area. The crystallographic properties are studied by XRD, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging. Knowledge drawn from these investigations is crucial for the implementation of these 3D nanoarchitectures into devices, including photodiodes and -electrodes. Furthermore, the durability of ZnO-based nanowire networks in aqueous environment under applied potential and illumination is tested. In particular, they are employed as photoanode model systems for photoelectrochemical water splitting. The measurements are performed on pure ZnO and core/shell ZnO/TiO2 nanowire networks and compared to those of their film counterparts. The role of the TiO2 layer as a protection layer against photo(electro)chemical corrosion of ZnO as well as the efficient charge separation and transport from nanowires to the electrolyte is highlighted. By using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) the contamination and chemical composition on the surface of the networks are quantified before and after photoelectrochemical measurements. Additionally, the Schottky barrier heights formed at the ZnO-Au and TiO2-Au contacts are theoretically determined from the values of the work function and the valence band position. The work presented in this thesis shows how the outstanding flexibility of the ion-track technology combined with electrochemical deposition leads to new options for fabrication of complex ZnO-based nanowire structures. The possibility to tune the length, diameter and orientation allows the production of free-standing, high aspect ratio structures which are promising for a wide range of applications, including energy conversion and storage.

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