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Journal articles on the topic 'PcrA'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Bender, Kelly S., Ching Shang, Romy Chakraborty, Sara M. Belchik, John D. Coates, and Laurie A. Achenbach. "Identification, Characterization, and Classification of Genes Encoding Perchlorate Reductase." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 15 (August 1, 2005): 5090–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.15.5090-5096.2005.

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ABSTRACT The reduction of perchlorate to chlorite, the first enzymatic step in the bacterial reduction of perchlorate, is catalyzed by perchlorate reductase. The genes encoding perchlorate reductase (pcrABCD) in two Dechloromonas species were characterized. Sequence analysis of the pcrAB gene products revealed similarity to α- and β-subunits of microbial nitrate reductase, selenate reductase, dimethyl sulfide dehydrogenase, ethylbenzene dehydrogenase, and chlorate reductase, all of which are type II members of the microbial dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reductase family. The pcrC gene product was similar to a c-type cytochrome, while the pcrD gene product exhibited similarity to molybdenum chaperone proteins of the DMSO reductase family members mentioned above. Expression analysis of the pcrA gene from Dechloromonas agitata indicated that transcription occurred only under anaerobic (per)chlorate-reducing conditions. The presence of oxygen completely inhibited pcrA expression regardless of the presence of perchlorate, chlorate, or nitrate. Deletion of the pcrA gene in Dechloromonas aromatica abolished growth in both perchlorate and chlorate but not growth in nitrate, indicating that the pcrABCD genes play a functional role in perchlorate reduction separate from nitrate reduction. Phylogenetic analysis of PcrA and other α-subunits of the DMSO reductase family indicated that perchlorate reductase forms a monophyletic group separate from chlorate reductase of Ideonella dechloratans. The separation of perchlorate reductase as an activity distinct from chlorate reductase was further supported by DNA hybridization analysis of (per)chlorate- and chlorate-reducing strains using the pcrA gene as a probe.

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2

Gupta, Nidhi, and A. K. Srivastava. "Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Based on Poly Chromium Acrylate/Poly Acrylonitrile: Synthesis and Properties of Semi IPN-1." High Performance Polymers 4, no. 4 (August 1992): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/4/4/003.

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A series of semi-I tpe interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) based on poly chromium acrylate and poly acrylonitrile crosslinked with divinyl benzene have been synthesized. Synthetic details, including concentration of poly chromium acriylate (PCrA), acrylonitrile (AN) and divinyl benzene (DVB) and average molecular weight of PCrA were varied and their effect on the crosslink density of the network was studied by swelling experiments. High [PCrAJ and low [AN] increases swelling and thereby average molecular weight between crosslinks (M,). SEM micrographs and glass transition temperature show phase separation at high [PCrA] content.

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3

Yang, Hongjing, Zhiying Shan, Jaewha Kim, Weihui Wu, Wei Lian, Lin Zeng, Laijun Xing, and Shouguang Jin. "Regulatory Role of PopN and Its Interacting Partners in Type III Secretion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 7 (January 19, 2007): 2599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01680-06.

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ABSTRACT The type III secretion system (T3SS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays a significant role in pathogenesis. We have previously identified type III secretion factor (TSF), which is required for effective secretion of the type III effector molecules, in addition to the low calcium signal. TSF includes many low-affinity high-capacity calcium binding proteins, such as serum albumin and casein. A search for the TSF binding targets on the bacterial outer membrane resulted in identification of PopN, a component of the T3SS that is readily detectable on the bacterial cell surface. PopN specifically interacts with Pcr1, and both popN and pcr1 mutants have a constitutive type III secretion phenotype, suggesting that the two proteins form a complex that functions as a T3SS repressor. Further analysis of the popN operon genes resulted in identification of protein-protein interactions between Pcr1 and Pcr4 and between Pcr4 and Pcr3, as well as between PopN and Pcr2 in the presence of PscB. Unlike popN and pcr1 mutants, pcr3 and pcr4 mutants are totally defective in type III secretion, while a pcr2 mutant exhibits reduced type III secretion. Interestingly, PopN, Pcr1, Pcr2, and Pcr4 are all secreted in a type III secretion machinery-dependent manner, while Pcr3 is not. These findings imply that these components have important regulatory roles in controlling type III secretion.

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4

Anand, Syam P., Haocheng Zheng, Piero R. Bianco, Sanford H. Leuba, and Saleem A. Khan. "DNA Helicase Activity of PcrA Is Not Required for the Displacement of RecA Protein from DNA or Inhibition of RecA-Mediated Strand Exchange." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 12 (April 20, 2007): 4502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00376-07.

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ABSTRACT PcrA is a conserved DNA helicase present in all gram-positive bacteria. Bacteria lacking PcrA show high levels of recombination. Lethality induced by PcrA depletion can be overcome by suppressor mutations in the recombination genes recFOR. RecFOR proteins load RecA onto single-stranded DNA during recombination. Here we test whether an essential function of PcrA is to interfere with RecA-mediated DNA recombination in vitro. We demonstrate that PcrA can inhibit the RecA-mediated DNA strand exchange reaction in vitro. Furthermore, PcrA displaced RecA from RecA nucleoprotein filaments. Interestingly, helicase mutants of PcrA also displaced RecA from DNA and inhibited RecA-mediated DNA strand exchange. Employing a novel single-pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay, we demonstrate a lengthening of double-stranded DNA upon polymerization of RecA and show that PcrA and its helicase mutants can reverse this process. Our results show that the displacement of RecA from DNA by PcrA is not dependent on its translocase activity. Further, our results show that the helicase activity of PcrA, although not essential, might play a facilitatory role in the RecA displacement reaction.

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5

Ruiz-Masó, J. A., S. P. Anand, M. Espinosa, S. A. Khan, and G. del Solar. "Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of the Streptococcus pneumoniae PcrA Helicase and Its Role in Plasmid Rolling Circle Replication." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 21 (August 25, 2006): 7416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01010-06.

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ABSTRACT PcrA is a chromosomally encoded DNA helicase of gram-positive bacteria involved in replication of rolling circle replicating plasmids. Efficient interaction between PcrA and the plasmid-encoded replication initiator (Rep) protein is considered a requirement for the plasmid to replicate in a given host, and thus, the ability of a Rep protein to interact with heterologous PcrA helicases has been invoked as a determinant of plasmid promiscuity. We characterized transcription of the Streptococcus pneumoniae pcrA gene in its genetic context and studied the biochemical properties of its product, the PcrA Spn helicase. Transcription of the pneumococcal pcrA gene was directed by promoter Pa, consisting of an extended −10 box. Promoter Pa also accounted for expression of a second essential gene, radC, which was transcribed with much lower efficiency than pcrA, probably due to the presence of a terminator/attenuator sequence located between the two genes. PcrA Spn displayed single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity. PcrA Spn showed 5′→3′ and 3′→5′ helicase activities and bound efficiently to partially duplex DNA containing a hairpin structure adjacent to a 6-nucleotide 5′ or 3′ single-stranded tail and one unpaired (flap) nucleotide in the complementary strand. PcrA Spn interacted specifically with RepC, the initiator of staphylococcal plasmid pT181. Although the pneumococcal helicase was able to initiate unwinding of the RepC-nicked pT181 DNA, it was much less processive in this activity than the cognate staphylococcal PcrA protein. Accordingly, PcrA Spn was inefficient in in vitro replication of pT181, and perhaps as a consequence, this plasmid could not be established in S. pneumoniae.

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6

Trivella, Maria Giovanna, Alessandra Piersigilli, Fabio Bernini, Gualtiero Pelosi, Silvia Burchielli, Stefano Puzzuoli, Claudia Kusmic, and Antonio L'Abbate. "Percutaneous Cardiac Support during Myocardial Infarction Drastically Reduces Mortality: Perspectives from a Swine Model." International Journal of Artificial Organs 40, no. 7 (June 6, 2017): 338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ijao.5000604.

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Background/Aims Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with cardiogenic shock (CS) remains the leading cause of in-hospital death in acute coronary syndromes. In the AMI-CS pig model we tested the efficacy of temporary percutaneous cardiorespiratory assist device (PCRA) in rescuing the failing heart and reducing early mortality. Methods In open-chest pigs we induced AMI by proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation. Eight animals without PCRA (C group) were compared with 12 animals otherwise treated with PCRA (T group), starting approximately at 60 minutes post-occlusion and lasting 120–180 minutes. In 3 animals of the T group, regional myocardial oxygen content was also imaged by two-dimensional near infrared spectroscopy (2D-NIRS) with and without PCRA, before and after LAD reperfusion. Results All animals without PCRA died despite unrelenting resuscitation maneuvers (120 minutes average survival time). Conversely, animals treated with PCRA showed a reduction in life-threatening arrhythmia and maintenance of aortic pressure, allowing interruption of PCRA in all cases early in the experiments, with sound hemodynamics at the end of the observation period. During LAD occlusion, NIRS showed severe de-oxygenation of the LAD territory that improved with PCRA. After PCRA suspension and LAD reperfusion, the residual de-oxygenated area proved to be smaller than the initial risk area. Conclusions In AMI, PCRA initiated during advanced CS drastically reduced early mortality from 100% to 0% in a 4–5 hour observation period. PCRA promoted oxygenation of the ischemic area during LAD occlusion. Results support the use of PCRA as first line of treatment in AMI-CS, improving myocardial rescue and short-term survival.

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Moreno-del Álamo, María, Begoña Carrasco, Rubén Torres, and Juan Carlos Alonso. "Bacillus subtilis PcrA Helicase Removes Trafficking Barriers." Cells 10, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040935.

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Bacillus subtilis PcrA interacts with the RNA polymerase and might contribute to mitigate replication–transcription conflicts (RTCs). We show that PcrA depletion lethality is partially suppressed by rnhB inactivation, but cell viability is significantly reduced by rnhC or dinG inactivation. Following PcrA depletion, cells lacking RnhC or DinG are extremely sensitive to DNA damage. Chromosome segregation is not further impaired by rnhB or dinG inactivation but is blocked by rnhC or recA inactivation upon PcrA depletion. Despite our efforts, we could not construct a ΔrnhC ΔrecA strain. These observations support the idea that PcrA dismantles RTCs. Purified PcrA, which binds single-stranded (ss) DNA over RNA, is a ssDNA-dependent ATPase and preferentially unwinds DNA in a 3′→5′direction. PcrA unwinds a 3′-tailed RNA of an RNA-DNA hybrid significantly faster than that of a DNA substrate. Our results suggest that a replicative stress, caused by mis-incorporated rNMPs, indirectly increases cell viability upon PcrA depletion. We propose that PcrA, in concert with RnhC or DinG, contributes to removing spontaneous or enzyme-driven R-loops, to counteract deleterious trafficking conflicts and preserve to genomic integrity.

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8

Naqvi, Asma, Eowyn Tinsley, and Saleem A. Khan. "Purification and Characterization of the PcrA Helicase of Bacillus anthracis." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 22 (November 15, 2003): 6633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.22.6633-6639.2003.

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ABSTRACT PcrA is an essential helicase in gram-positive bacteria, and a gene encoding this helicase has been identified in all such organisms whose genomes have been sequenced so far. The precise role of PcrA that makes it essential for cell growth is not known; however, PcrA does not appear to be necessary for chromosome replication. The pcrA gene was identified in the genome of Bacillus anthracis on the basis of its sequence homology to the corresponding genes of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, with which it shares 76 and 72% similarity, respectively. The pcrA gene of B. anthracis was isolated by PCR amplification and cloning into Escherichia coli. The PcrA protein was overexpressed with a His6 fusion at its amino-terminal end. The purified His-PcrA protein showed ATPase activity that was stimulated in the presence of single-stranded (ss) DNA (ssDNA). Interestingly, PcrA showed robust 3′→5′ as well as 5′→3′ helicase activities, with substrates containing a duplex region and a 3′ or 5′ ss poly(dT) tail. PcrA also efficiently unwound oligonucleotides containing a duplex region and a 5′ or 3′ ss tail with the potential to form a secondary structure. DNA binding experiments showed that PcrA bound much more efficiently to oligonucleotides containing a duplex region and a 5′ or 3′ ss tail with a potential to form a secondary structure than to those with ssDNAs or duplex DNAs with ss poly(dT) tails. Our results suggest that specialized DNA structures and/or sequences represent natural substrates of PcrA in biochemical processes that are essential for the growth and survival of gram-positive organisms, including B. anthracis.

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9

Nozawa-Inoue, Mamie, Mercy Jien, Nicholas S. Hamilton, Valley Stewart, Kate M. Scow, and Krassimira R. Hristova. "Quantitative Detection of Perchlorate-Reducing Bacteria by Real-Time PCR Targeting the Perchlorate Reductase Gene." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 6 (February 1, 2008): 1941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01658-07.

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ABSTRACT A quantitative real-time PCR assay targeting the pcrA gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of perchlorate reductase, detected pcrA genes from perchlorate-reducing bacteria in three different genera and from soil microbial communities. Partial pcrA sequences indicated differences in the composition of perchlorate-reducing bacterial communities following exposure to different electron donors.

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10

Carrasco, Carolina, Cesar L. Pastrana, Clara Aicart-Ramos, Sanford H. Leuba, Saleem A. Khan, and Fernando Moreno-Herrero. "Dynamics of DNA nicking and unwinding by the RepC–PcrA complex." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 4 (January 13, 2020): 2013–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz1200.

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Abstract The rolling-circle replication is the most common mechanism for the replication of small plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes in Gram-positive bacteria. It is initiated by the binding and nicking of double-stranded origin of replication by a replication initiator protein (Rep). Duplex unwinding is then performed by the PcrA helicase, whose processivity is critically promoted by its interaction with Rep. How Rep and PcrA proteins interact to nick and unwind the duplex is not fully understood. Here, we have used magnetic tweezers to monitor PcrA helicase unwinding and its relationship with the nicking activity of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pT181 initiator RepC. Our results indicate that PcrA is a highly processive helicase prone to stochastic pausing, resulting in average translocation rates of 30 bp s−1, while a typical velocity of 50 bp s−1 is found in the absence of pausing. Single-strand DNA binding protein did not affect PcrA translocation velocity but slightly increased its processivity. Analysis of the degree of DNA supercoiling required for RepC nicking, and the time between RepC nicking and DNA unwinding, suggests that RepC and PcrA form a protein complex on the DNA binding site before nicking. A comprehensive model that rationalizes these findings is presented.

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11

Chen, Si, Zhonghuang Xu, Hongju Liu, Yuelun Zhang, Jiao Zhang, Yuexin Chen, Yuehong Zheng, and Yuguang Huang. "Perioperative patient-controlled regional analgesia versus patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for patients with critical limb ischaemia: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e037879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037879.

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IntroductionBoth regional analgesia and intravenous analgesia are frequently used perioperatively for patients with critical limb ischaemia (CLI). Nevertheless, the comparison of perioperative effect of regional and intravenous analgesia has not yet been thoroughly illustrated. This study will comprehensively compare patient-controlled regional analgesia (PCRA) and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) as two different perioperative analgesia approaches for patients with CLI. It investigates their effects on analgesia, reperfusion and the quality of recovery perioperatively, also aims to provide clinical evidence to those non-surgical patients with non-reconstructable arteries.Methods and analysisThis trial is a randomised, single-centre, open-label, parallel trial with target sample size of 52 in total. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated to the PCRA group (group R) or the PCIA group (group I) after admission. Participants in group R will receive ultrasound-guided subgluteal sciatic catheterisation, followed by continuous PCRA infusion (0.2% ropivacaine 15 mL as loading dose, 8 mL/hour as background with a patient-controlled bolus of 6 mL). Participants in group I will receive PCIA (morphine is given in boluses of 1 mg as needed, background infusion at 1 mg/hour). Data will be collected at baseline (T0), 2 hours before revascularisation treatment (T1) and 2 hours before discharge (T2). The primary outcomes include the Numerical Rating Scale pain score at T1 and T2. The secondary outcomes include the perioperative transcutaneous oxygen pressure, the Tissue Haemoglobin Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at T1 and T2; the Patient Global Impression of Change and patient satisfaction at T1 and T2; the perioperative cumulative morphine consumption, the length of postoperative hospital stay and adverse events.Ethics and disseminationThis study received authorisation from the Institutional Review Board of Peking Union Medical College Hospital on 21 March 2017 (approval no. ZS-1289X). Study findings will be disseminated through presentations at scientific conferences or publications in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000029298).Protocol versionV.4CP.B2 (15 June 2020).

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Lowenkamp, Christopher T., Alexander M. Holsinger, and Thomas H. Cohen. "PCRA revisited: Testing the validity of the Federal Post Conviction Risk Assessment (PCRA)." Psychological Services 12, no. 2 (2015): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ser0000024.

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Jiménez, A. P., L. Z. Duarte, L. S. Cortez, M. Granados, C. Florez, A. Villamizar, and J. A. Parra-Martin. "Associação à positividade da Lawsonia intracellularis com a expressão clínico-patológica da infecção em suínos da região metropolitana de Bucaramanga (Santander, Colômbia)." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 70, no. 1 (January 2018): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9182.

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RESUMO Porções de íleo terminal foram coletados de 100 suínos com sinais de doença gastrointestinal na área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, a fim de se estudar a eficiência do diagnóstico de enteropatia proliferativa suína (PPE) pela técnica de PCR aninha (PCRa) empregando sequências específicas (primers) para L. intracellularis: 16S ARN região (270pb) e sua correlação com achados clínicos e patológicos. Todas as amostras foram processadas para se determinar a associação entre positividade por PCR, os sinais clínicos, os achados de necropsia e as lesões histológicas. Cinquenta e seis por cento das amostras foram positivas para L. intracellularis pela PCRa. Só 2% exibiram resultados positivos pela técnica Warthin-Starry. Trinta e um de 100 animais com sinais de anorexia resultaram positivos para PCRa (P>0,05). Não houve associação (P<0,05) entre diarreia e queda no crescimento, bem como associação (P<0,05) entre achados anatomopatológicos e histológicos com PCRa positivas.

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Anand, Syam P., Poulami Mitra, Asma Naqvi, and Saleem A. Khan. "Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus PcrA Helicases Can Support DNA Unwinding and In Vitro Rolling-Circle Replication of Plasmid pT181 of Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 7 (April 1, 2004): 2195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.7.2195-2199.2004.

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ABSTRACT Replication of rolling-circle replicating (RCR) plasmids in gram-positive bacteria requires the unwinding of initiator protein-nicked plasmid DNA by the PcrA helicase. In this report, we demonstrate that heterologous PcrA helicases from Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus are capable of unwinding Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pT181 from the initiator-generated nick and promoting in vitro replication of the plasmid. These helicases also physically interact with the RepC initiator protein of pT181. The ability of PcrA helicases to unwind noncognate RCR plasmids may contribute to the broad-host-range replication and dissemination of RCR plasmids in gram-positive bacteria.

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Tufiño-Loza, Catalina, José Juan Martínez-Maya, Amaury Carrillo-González, Diana Neria-Arriaga, Celene Salgado-Miranda, Edith Rojas-Anaya, and Elizabeth Loza-Rubio. "Uso de una PCR anidada para el diagnóstico del virus de la necrosis pancreática infecciosa (VNPI) en truchas de campo." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 11, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 811–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v11i3.5242.

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El aislamiento en cultivo celular es el método principal para el diagnóstico del virus de la necrosis pancreática infecciosa (VNPI). Aunque es un método confiable, resulta costoso y conlleva tres semanas en proporcionar un resultado. Para disminuir el tiempo en el diagnóstico y aumentar la sensibilidad para la detección del VNPI, el objetivo del presente estudio fue establecer y evaluar el uso de una PCR anidada (PCRa) para un diagnóstico rápido del VNPI. Para ello, se diseñaron dos pares de iniciadores basados en secuencias mexicanas. El primer par (RT-PCR) amplificó un producto de 682 pb y el segundo par (PCRa) 229 pb del gen VP2. Posteriormente, se infectaron 70 crías de truchas arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) con la cepa virulenta MEX3-CSM-05 a una dosis de 1X105.8 DICC50%/0.02 ml. De cada organismo se colectó el riñón, el bazo, los sacos pilóricos, el hígado, el intestino y las branquias. Para evaluar las pruebas, se utilizaron 26 truchas adultas clínicamente sanas de granjas comerciales del Estado de México. La frecuencia de detección del VNPI mediante RT-PCR en las branquias fue de 87.1 %, en el hígado 61.4 %, en los sacos pilóricos 61.4 %, en el riñón 58.6%, en el intestino 35.7 % y en el bazo 32.9 % (P<0.05). Las muestras negativas a la RT-PCR resultaron positivas en la PCRa. Asimismo, se mostraron positivas las muestras de los órganos de las truchas de campo. En conclusión, la RT-PCR tuvo menor sensibilidad que la PCRa, la cual mostró una sensibilidad del 100%. Por lo tanto, la PCRa es mejor para un diagnóstico confiable del VNPI en peces infectados y enfermos.

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Rawal, Narinder, Renée Allvin, Kjell Axelsson, Jan Hallén, Gustav Ekbäck, Torbjörn Ohlsson, and Anders Amilon. "Patient-controlled Regional Analgesia (PCRA) at Home." Anesthesiology 96, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 1290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200206000-00005.

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Background The aim of this randomized, double-blinded study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of bupivacaine versus ropivacaine brachial plexus analgesia after ambulatory hand surgery. An additional aim was to study the feasibility and safety of patient-controlled regional analgesia (PCRA) outside the hospital. Methods Sixty patients scheduled for ambulatory hand surgery underwent surgery with axillary plexus blockade. After surgery, the plexus catheter was connected to an elastomeric, disposable "homepump," containing 100 ml of either 0.125% bupivacaine or 0.125% ropivacaine. When patients experienced pain, they self-administered 10 ml of the study drug. Analgesic efficacy of PCRA was evaluated by self-assessment of pain intensity by visual analog scale (VAS) and verbal scale. Patients recorded adverse effects, technical problems, use of rescue analgesic tablets, and overall satisfaction. A follow-up telephone call was made the day after surgery. Results Visual analog scale scores decreased after each treatment in both groups, but there were no significant differences between the two drugs. One patient in each group took rescue dextropropoxyphene tablets. In both groups, 87% patients expressed their desire to have the same treatment again. On the day of surgery, significantly more patients were satisfied with ropivacaine PCRA. None of the patients had any signs or symptoms of local anesthetic toxicity or catheter infection. Conclusions This double-blinded study has demonstrated the feasibility of self-administration of local anesthetic to manage postoperative pain outside the hospital. Ropivacaine and bupivacaine provided effective analgesia, and patient satisfaction with PCRA was high. Patient selection, follow-up telephone call, and 24-h access to anesthesiology services are prerequisites for PCRA at home.

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Thickman, Karen R., Sanford H. Leuba, and Saleem A. Khan. "DNA Structure Specificity of Bacillus Stearothermophilus PcrA." Biophysical Journal 98, no. 3 (January 2010): 73a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.415.

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Yun, Sangwon, Yumin Jo, Seojin Sim, Kuhee Jeong, Chahyun Oh, Byungmuk Kim, Woo-Yong Lee, et al. "Comparison of continuous and single interscalene block for quality of recovery score following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 230949902110001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23094990211000142.

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Background:Continuous interscalene brachial plexus block (CISB) is well known to reduce postoperative pain and to improve patient satisfaction. However, the effect of CISB on the quality of postoperative recovery is unknown. We Compared the quality of recovery from arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in patients who received CISB or single interscalene brachial plexus block (SISB).Methods:This prospective non-randomized controlled trial with propensity score matching enrolled 134 patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery for rotator cuff repair. Each patient received an interscalene block before surgery. One group had a catheter insertion 30 min after the end of surgery and started patient-controlled regional analgesia (PCRA, n = 49). The other group received intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA, n = 85). The primary outcome was the quality of recovery (QoR-40) score. Also, postoperative analgesia, sleep quality, and postoperative complications were evaluated.Results:The two groups had similar QoR-40 score on postoperative day-1 (POD1), but the PCRA group had a significantly greater QoR-40 score on POD2 (156.0, IQR: 143.0, 169.0 vs. 171.0, IQR: 159.0, 178.0; p < 0.001). The IV-PCA group received more analgesics during the 2 days after surgery, especially during night-time, and had a higher prevalence of sleep disturbances. The time to first additional analgesics request was significantly longer in PCRA group (14 hours, 95% CI: 13–16 vs. 44 hours, 95% CI: 28–not applicable). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting significantly lower in the PCRA group (16.3% vs 46.9%, p = 0.002).Conclusion:CISB showed a higher quality of recovery score than SISB with IV-PCA in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, probably related to the effective analgesia, improved sleep quality, and reduced opioid-related complications.

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DeLisi, Matt, Alan Drury, and Michael Elbert. "Who Are the Compliant Correctional Clients? New Evidence on Protective Factors among Federal Supervised Releases." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 65, no. 13-14 (February 3, 2021): 1536–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x21992681.

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Protective factors facilitate success on community supervision, but relatively little is known about correctional clients who are highly compliant particularly in the federal system. Drawing on a near population of federal clients on supervised release in the Midwestern United States, the current study examined variables associated with compliant supervision status. One day on supervision contributed to a 1% reduction in the logged odds of supervision compliance. Clients with no drug history had 793% increased odds, clients with sustained remission had 620% increased odds, and clients with early remission had 458% increased odds of compliant supervision status relative to clients actively using drugs. Among the federal Post Conviction Risk Assessment (PCRA) indices, only PCRA Criminal History was significant as clients with less extensive criminal history were more likely to be compliant supervision clients. A one-unit change in PCRA Criminal History status was associated with 25% reduced odds of supervision compliance. Total conditions were inversely associated with compliant supervision status with each additional condition associated with a 19% reduced likelihood of compliant supervision status. None of the demographic variables was significantly associated with compliant supervision status. Implications of the findings for the protective factor paradigm in corrections are discussed.

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Dittrich, Markus, and Klaus Schulten. "PcrA Helicase, a Prototype ATP-Driven Molecular Motor." Structure 14, no. 9 (September 2006): 1345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2006.06.017.

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Toseland, Christopher P., and Martin R. Webb. "PcrA Helicase ATPase Mechanism: RepD Modulation During Unwinding." Biophysical Journal 96, no. 3 (February 2009): 415a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.2122.

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Chène, Patrick. "PcrA/UvrD/Rep DNA helicases in bacterial genomes." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 36, no. 2 (February 2008): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2007.08.001.

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Toseland, Christopher P., Christopher Batters, and Claudia Veigel. "Single Molecule Fluorescence and Force Measurements on PcrA Helicase." Biophysical Journal 100, no. 3 (February 2011): 72a—73a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.598.

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Delagoutte, Emmanuelle, and Peter H. von Hippel. "Helicase mechanisms and the coupling of helicases within macromolecular machines Part I: Structures and properties of isolated helicases." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 35, no. 4 (November 2002): 431–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583502003852.

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1. Mechanisms of nucleic acid (NA) unwinding by helicases 4322. Helicases may take advantage of ‘breathing’ fluctuations in dsNAs 4342.1 Stability and dynamics of dsNAs 4342.2 dsNAs ‘breathe’ in isolation 4352.3 Thermodynamics of terminal base pairs of dsNA 4382.4 Thermal fluctuations may be responsible for sequential base-pair opening at replication forks 4392.5 Helicases may capture single base-pair opening events sequentially 4403. Biochemical properties of helicases 4433.1 Binding of NAs 4433.2 Binding and hydrolysis of NTP 4453.3 Coordination between NA binding and NTP binding and hydrolysis activities 4464. Helicase structures and mechanistic consequences 4474.1 Amino-acid sequence analysis reveals conserved motifs that constitute the NTP-binding pocket and a portion of the NA-binding site 4474.2 Organization of hepatitis virus C NS3 RNA helicase 4494.2.1 Biochemical properties of HCV NS3 4494.2.2 Crystal structures of HCV NS3 helicase 4504.2.2.1 The apoprotein 4504.2.2.2 The protein–dU8 complex 4504.2.3 A possible unwinding mechanism 4524.2.4 What is the functional oligomeric state of HCV NS3? 4524.3 Organization of the PcrA helicase 4534.3.1 The apoenzyme and ADP–PcrA complex 4544.3.2 The protein–DNA–sulfate complex 4564.3.3 The PcrA–DNA–ADPNP complex 4564.3.4 A closer look at the NTP-binding site in the crystal structure of PcrA–ADPNP–DNA 4574.3.5 Communication between domains A and B 4574.3.6 How might ssDNA stimulate the ATPase activity of PcrA? 4574.3.7 A possible helicase translocation mechanism 4584.3.8 A possible unwinding mechanism 4584.4 Organization of the Rep helicase 4594.4.1 Biochemical properties 4594.4.2 Crystal structure of Rep bound to ssDNA 4624.5 Organization of the RecG helicase 4624.6 Hexameric helicases 4664.6.1 Insights from crystal structures of hexameric helicases 4674.6.2 Possible translocation and unwinding mechanisms 4685. Conclusions 4696. Acknowledgments 4727. References 472Helicases are proteins that harness the chemical free energy of ATP hydrolysis to catalyze the unwinding of double-stranded nucleic acids. These enzymes have been much studied in isolation, and here we review what is known about the mechanisms of the unwinding process. We begin by considering the thermally driven ‘breathing’ of double-stranded nucleic acids by themselves, in order to ask whether helicases might take advantage of some of these breathing modes. We next provide a brief summary of helicase mechanisms that have been elucidated by biochemical, thermodynamic, and kinetic studies, and then review in detail recent structural studies of helicases in isolation, in order to correlate structural findings with biophysical and biochemical results. We conclude that there are certainly common mechanistic themes for helicase function, but that different helicases have devised solutions to the nucleic acid unwinding problem that differ in structural detail. In Part II of this review (to be published in the next issue of this journal) we consider how these mechanisms are further modified to reflect the functional coupling of these proteins into macromolecular machines, and discuss the role of helicases in several central biological processes to illustrate how this coupling actually works in the various processes of gene expression.

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Yu, Jin, Taekjip Ha, and Klaus Schulten. "Structure-Based Model of the Stepping Motor of PcrA Helicase." Biophysical Journal 91, no. 6 (September 2006): 2097–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.106.088203.

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Bertram, Richard D., Christopher J. Hayes, and Panos Soultanas. "Vinylphosphonate Internucleotide Linkages Inhibit the Activity of PcrA DNA Helicase." Biochemistry 41, no. 24 (June 2002): 7725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi025755s.

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Anand, S. P. "Structure-specific DNA binding and bipolar helicase activities of PcrA." Nucleic Acids Research 32, no. 10 (June 2, 2004): 3190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh641.

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Gavrilov, Momcilo, Ram Tippana, Dmitriy Bobrovnikov, and Taekjip Ha. "Nanopore Detects Compromise between Speed and Processivity of PcrA Helicase." Biophysical Journal 116, no. 3 (February 2019): 76a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.449.

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29

Axelsson, K., U. Nordenson, E. Johanzon, N. Rawal, G. Ekbäck, G. Lidegran, and A. Gupta. "Patient-controlled regional analgesia (PCRA) with ropivacaine after arthroscopic subacromial decompression†." Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 47, no. 8 (August 11, 2003): 993–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-6576.2003.00146.x.

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Southerden, Lesley, Claudia Arbore, and Martin Webb. "PcrA Helicase and the Mechanism of Asymmetric Rolling Circle DNA Replication." Biophysical Journal 106, no. 2 (January 2014): 72a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.475.

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Hingley, Richard. "Struggling with a Roman inheritance. A response to Versluys." Archaeological Dialogues 21, no. 1 (May 16, 2014): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s138020381400004x.

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I am very grateful to Miguel John Versluys for this paper, which raises several important issues that derive from current debates in Roman archaeology. I am aware of the context of Versluys's arguments as I am a contributor to the forthcoming volumeGlobalization and the Roman world(which Versluys has jointly edited; Pitts and Versluys 2014). I am pleased to be able to develop some of the themes outlined in my chapter for that volume (Hingley 2014b) through this reflection upon Versluys's contribution to the developing debate. The issues raised by Versluys are particularly timely since a number of younger colleagues have observed that the critical focus provided by what I shall term ‘post-colonial Roman archaeologies’ (PCRAs) is stifling innovative research. PCRA is the term I use to address the body of research and publication characterized by Versluys as ‘Anglo-Saxon Roman archaeology’ (for reasons given below). I did not attend the TRAC session at Frankfurt to which Versluys refers, but I recognize his observation that there is a genuine concern about the form and content of PCRAs arising from Roman archaeologists both in Britain and overseas. PCRAs have focused around two core themes: (1) critiquing the concept of Romanization and (2) the development of new ways of approaching the Roman Empire. Versluys suggests that this discussion has culminated in ‘an uncomfortable ending’ (p. 1) for the Romanization debate and his proposal includes the reintroduction of this concept. Taking a rather different perspective, I shall propose that a dynamic and transformative agenda is spreading across several continents and that PCRAs form an important aspect of this developing perspective.

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32

Grelat, Michael, Chang-Zhi Du, Liang Xu, Xu Sun, and Yong Qiu. "Under-contouring of rods: a potential risk factor for proximal junctional kyphosis after posterior correction of Scheuermann kyphosis." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 33, no. 6 (December 2020): 830–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.5.spine20229.

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OBJECTIVEScheuermann kyphosis (SK) could require surgical treatment in certain situations. A posterior reduction is the most widespread treatment so far, although the development of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is one of the possible complications of this procedure. The contour of the proximal part of the rod could influence the occurrence of PJK in SK patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the proximal rod contour on the occurrence of a PJK complication in SK patients.METHODSThis retrospective monocentric study was performed in the Nanjing Spine Surgery Department. All eligible patients had undergone posterior correction surgery with pedicle screws only between 2002 and 2017 and had at least 24 months of follow-up. The presence of PJK was quantified on radiographs using the proximal junctional angle (PJA > 10° at the last follow-up). The authors propose a new radiological parameter to measure the angulation of the proximal part of the instrumentation: the proximal contouring rod angle (PCRA) is the angle between the upper endplate of the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) and the lower endplate of the second vertebra caudal to the UIV. The patients were analyzed according to the presence or absence of PJK. A t-test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical analysis.RESULTSSixty-two patients treated for SK were included in this study. The mean age was 18.6 ± 8.5 years, and the mean follow-up was 42.5 ± 16.4 months. The mean correction rate of global kyphosis was 46.4% ± 13.7%. At the last follow-up, 17 patients (27.4%) presented with PJK. No significant difference was found between the PJK and non-PJK groups in terms of age and other preoperative variables. A significant difference in the postoperative PCRA was found between the PJK and non-PJK groups (8.2° ± 4.9° vs 15.7° ± 6.6°, respectively; p = 0.001). A postoperative PCRA less than 10.1° predicted a significantly higher risk for PJK (p = 0.002, OR 2.431, 95% CI 1.781–4.133).CONCLUSIONSUnder-contouring of the proximal part of the rods (lower than 10°) is a risk factor for PJK after posterior correction of SK.

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33

Bird, L. "Characterisation of Bacillus stearothermophilus PcrA helicase: evidence against an active rolling mechanism." Nucleic Acids Research 26, no. 11 (June 1, 1998): 2686–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/26.11.2686.

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Soultanas, P. "Plasmid replication initiator protein RepD increases the processivity of PcrA DNA helicase." Nucleic Acids Research 27, no. 6 (March 15, 1999): 1421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/27.6.1421.

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35

Lowenkamp, Christopher T., James L. Johnson, Alexander M. Holsinger, Scott W. VanBenschoten, and Charles R. Robinson. "The federal Post Conviction Risk Assessment (PCRA): A construction and validation study." Psychological Services 10, no. 1 (2013): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030343.

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36

Wigley, Dale B. "DNA helicases: One small step for PcrA, one giant leap for RecBC?" Current Biology 10, no. 12 (June 2000): R444—R446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00529-7.

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37

Merrikh, Christopher N., Bonita J. Brewer, and Houra Merrikh. "The B. subtilis Accessory Helicase PcrA Facilitates DNA Replication through Transcription Units." PLOS Genetics 11, no. 6 (June 12, 2015): e1005289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005289.

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38

Noirot-Gros, M. F., P. Soultanas, D. Wigley, S. Ehrlich, P. Noirot, and M. A. Petit. "The beta-propeller protein YxaL increases the processivity of the PcrA helicase." Molecular Genetics and Genomics 267, no. 3 (May 2002): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-002-0670-9.

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39

Toleikis, Algirdas, Simone Kunzelmann, Gregory I. Mashanov, Martin R. Webb, and Justin E. Molloy. "DNA Unwinding by PcrA Helicase and RepD using TIRF and Magnetic Tweezers." Biophysical Journal 106, no. 2 (January 2014): 272a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.1593.

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40

Park, Jeehae, Sua Myong, Anita Niedziela-Majka, Kyung Suk Lee, Jin Yu, Timothy M. Lohman, and Taekjip Ha. "PcrA Helicase Dismantles RecA Filaments by Reeling in DNA in Uniform Steps." Cell 142, no. 4 (August 2010): 544–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.07.016.

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41

Yang, Ye, Shuo-Xing Dou, Hua Ren, Peng-Ye Wang, Xing-Dong Zhang, Min Qian, Bing-Yi Pan, and Xu Guang Xi. "Evidence for a functional dimeric form of the PcrA helicase in DNA unwinding." Nucleic Acids Research 36, no. 6 (February 14, 2008): 1976–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm1174.

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42

Zhang, Wenke, Mark S. Dillingham, Christopher D. Thomas, Stephanie Allen, Clive J. Roberts, and Panos Soultanas. "Directional Loading and Stimulation of PcrA Helicase by the Replication Initiator Protein RepD." Journal of Molecular Biology 371, no. 2 (August 2007): 336–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2007.05.050.

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43

DeLisi, Matt, Michael J. Elbert, and Alan J. Drury. "Federal Criminal Careers: an Empirical Examination of the Post-Conviction Risk Assessment (PCRA)." American Journal of Criminal Justice 43, no. 4 (March 27, 2018): 792–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12103-018-9436-8.

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44

Toseland, Christopher P., Maria M. Martinez-Senac, Andrew F. Slatter, and Martin R. Webb. "The ATPase Cycle of PcrA Helicase and Its Coupling to Translocation on DNA." Journal of Molecular Biology 392, no. 4 (October 2009): 1020–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.071.

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45

Laszlo, Andrew H., Jonathan M. Craig, Henry Brinkerhoff, Ian C. Nova, Matthew T. Noakes, Jonathan W. Mount, Jasmine O. Bowman, et al. "Analysis of Force Dependence of Translocation and Unwinding of Helicase PCRA using SPRNT." Biophysical Journal 114, no. 3 (February 2018): 91a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.541.

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46

Bröms, Jeanette E., Petra J. Edqvist, Katrin E. Carlsson, Åke Forsberg, and Matthew S. Francis. "Mapping of a YscY Binding Domain within the LcrH Chaperone That Is Required for Regulation of Yersinia Type III Secretion." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 22 (November 15, 2005): 7738–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.22.7738-7752.2005.

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ABSTRACT Type III secretion systems are used by many animal and plant interacting bacteria to colonize their host. These systems are often composed of at least 40 genes, making their temporal and spatial regulation very complex. Some type III chaperones of the translocator class are important regulatory molecules, such as the LcrH chaperone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. In contrast, the highly homologous PcrH chaperone has no regulatory effect in native Pseudomonas aeruginosa or when produced in Yersinia. In this study, we used LcrH-PcrH chaperone hybrids to identify a discrete region in the N terminus of LcrH that is necessary for YscY binding and regulatory control of the Yersinia type III secretion machinery. PcrH was unable to bind YscY and the homologue Pcr4 of P. aeruginosa. YscY and Pcr4 were both essential for type III secretion and reciprocally bound to both substrates YscX of Yersinia and Pcr3 of P. aeruginosa. Still, Pcr4 was unable to complement a ΔyscY null mutant defective for type III secretion and yop-regulatory control in Yersinia, despite the ability of YscY to function in P. aeruginosa. Taken together, we conclude that the cross-talk between the LcrH and YscY components represents a strategic regulatory pathway specific to Yersinia type III secretion.

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47

Alam, Sk Mahasin, Soma Samanta, Amit Kumar Halder, Soumya Basu, and Tarun Jha. "Structural finding of R/S-3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-6-halo-4-(substituted phenylaminocarbonylamino)-2H-1-benzopyrans as selective pancreatic β-cells KATP-pβ channel openers." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 1053–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-127.

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R/S-3,4-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-6-halo-4-(substituted phenylaminocarbonyl-amino)-2H-1-benzopyrans are pancreatic β-cells potassium (KATP-pβ) channel openers with inhibitory effect on insulin secretion. To find the more active and effective benzopyrans as selective potassium (KATP-pβ) channel openers towards the pancreatic tissues, quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) study was performed using E-state and R-state indices along with Wang–Ford charges, n-octanol/water partition coefficient, molar refractivity, and indicator parameters. QSAR models were developed by statistical techniques, e.g., multiple linear regression (MLR), principle component regression analysis (PCRA), and partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The generated equations were validated by the leave-one-out cross-validation method. The models show the importance of ETSA indices of atom numbers 16, 17, 18, 19, 21 as well as 22. The positive coefficient of S16, S17, S18, S19, S21, and S22 indicate that with the increase of the value of E-state indices, desired activity decreases. RTSA index is also important for the biological activity, and the atom numbers 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 22 are involved in van der Waals interactions. RTSA index also possesses negative impact on the inhibition of residual insulin secretion. Wang–Ford charges of some particular atoms are also important for the inhibition. Increase of n-octanol/water partition coefficients of compounds inhibit insulin secretion, and the presence of chlorine atom at m- and p- positions of the phenyl ring B is necessary for the inhibition of residual insulin secretion.Key words: benzopyran derivatives, potassium channel openers, PCRA, PLS, QSAR.

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48

Kee, W. D. Ngan, K. K. Lam, P. P. Chen, and T. Gin. "Comparison of Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia with Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia Using Pethidine or Fentanyl." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 25, no. 2 (April 1997): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9702500203.

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We compared patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) using pethidine or fentanyl in a randomized, double-blind crossover study of 80 patients after caesarean section. Patients received pethidine by PCEA or PCIA, or fentanyl by PCEA or PCIA, with a crossover of the route of administration at 12h. For pethidine, pain scores were lower with PCEA vs PCIA from 4 to 16 h (P<0.05). Pethidine consumption was lower with PCEA vs PCIA from 12 to 24 h (P=0.0005). Patients preferred PCEA to PCIA (P=0.015). For fentanyl, pain scores were lower with PCEA vs PCIA at 12 h (P=0.045). Fentanyl consumption was lower with PCEA vs PCIA from 0 to 12 h (P=0.0007). Patients had similar preference for PCEA and PCIA. Pain scores and side-effects were similar between drugs. Plasma pethidine was similar between groups. Plasma fentanyl was higher with PCIA vs PCEA at 12 h (P=0.002). PCEA has advantages over PCIA and pethidine may be the preferred drug.

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49

Guarino, Francesco, Oriana Motta, Mimmo Turano, Antonio Proto, and Giovanni Vigliotta. "Preferential Use of the Perchlorate over the Nitrate in the Respiratory Processes Mediated by the Bacterium Azospira sp. OGA 24." Water 12, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): 2220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082220.

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Here we report the results obtained for a strain isolated from a polluted site and classified as Azospira sp. OGA 24. The capability of OGA 24 to utilize perchlorate and nitrate and the regulation of pathways were investigated by growth kinetic studies and analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the genes of perchlorate reductase alpha subunit (pcrA), chlorite dismutase (cld), and periplasmic nitrate reductase large subunit (napA). In aerobic conditions and in a minimal medium containing 10 mM acetate as carbon source, 5.6 ± 0.34 mmol L−1 perchlorate or 9.7 ± 0.22 mmol L−1 nitrate were efficiently reduced during the growth with 10 mM of either perchlorate or nitrate. In anaerobiosis, napA was completely inhibited in the presence of perchlorate as the only electron acceptor, pcrA was barely detectable in nitrate-reducing conditions. The cell growth kinetics were in accordance with expression data, indicating a separation of nitrate and perchlorate respiration pathways. In the presence of both compounds, anaerobic nitrate consumption was reduced to 50% (4.9 ± 0.4 vs. 9.8 ± 0.15 mmol L−1 without perchlorate), while that of perchlorate was not affected (7.2 ± 0.5 vs. 6.9 ± 0.6 mmol L−1 without nitrate). Expression analysis confirmed the negative effect of perchlorate on nitrate respiration. Based on sequence analysis of the considered genes and 16S ribosomal gene (rDNA), the taxonomic position of Azospira sp. OGA 24 in the perchlorate respiring bacteria (PRB) group was further defined by classifying it in the oryzae species. The respiratory characteristics of OGA 24 strain make it very attractive in terms of potential applications in the bioremediation of environments exposed to perchlorate salts.

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Dubaele, Sandy, Christophe Martin, Jacqueline Bohn, and Patrick Chene. "Biochemical Study of Recombinant PcrA from Staphylococcus aureus for the Development of Screening Assays." BMB Reports 40, no. 1 (January 31, 2007): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5483/bmbrep.2007.40.1.007.

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