Journal articles: 'PCL nanofibers'

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Henrique Lima, Tadeu, Gabriella Maria Fernandes-Cunha, Carlos Eduardo de Matos Jensen, Rodrigo Lambert Oréfice, Armando da Silva-Cunha Junior, Min Zhao, Francine Behar-Cohen, and Gisele Rodrigues da Silva. "Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles-Loaded Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) Nanofiber as Substrate for ARPE-19 Cells." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4360659.

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Bioactive glass nanoparticles-loaded poly(ɛ-caprolactone) nanofibers (BIOG PCL nanofibers) were synthesized and evaluated as substrates for ocular cells (ARPE-19). BIOG PCL nanofibers were characterized using SEM, FTIR, and DSC, and thein vitrodegradation profile was also investigated. Thein vitroocular biocompatibility of nanofibers was exploited in Müller glial cells (MIO-M1 cells) and in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM); and the proliferative capacity, cytotoxicity, and functionality were evaluated. Finally, ARPE-19 cells were seeded onto BIOG PCL nanofibers and they were investigated as supports forin vitrocell adhesion and proliferation. SEM images revealed the incorporation of BIOG nanoparticles into PCL nanofibers. Nanoparticles did not induce modifications in the chemical structure and semicrystalline nature of PCL in the nanofiber, as shown by FTIR and DSC. MIO-M1 cells exposed to BIOG PCL nanofibers showed viability, and they were able to proliferate and to express GFAP, indicating cellular functionality. Moreover, nanofibers were well tolerated by CAM. These findings suggested thein vitroocular biocompatibility and absence of toxicity of these nanofibers. Finally, the BIOG nanoparticles modulated the protein adsorption, and, subsequently, ARPE-19 cells adhered and proliferated onto the nanostructured supports, establishing cell-substrate interactions. In conclusion, the biodegradable and biocompatible BIOG PCL nanofibers supported the ARPE-19 cells.

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Prosecká, Eva, Matej Buzgo, Michala Rampichová, Tomáš Kocourek, Petra Kochová, Lucie Vysloužilová, Daniel Tvrdík, Miroslav Jelínek, David Lukáš, and Evžen Amler. "Thin-Layer Hydroxyapatite Deposition on a Nanofiber Surface Stimulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Their Differentiation into Osteoblasts." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/428503.

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Pulsed laser deposition was proved as a suitable method for hydroxyapatite (HA) coating of coaxial poly-ɛ-caprolactone/polyvinylalcohol (PCL/PVA) nanofibers. The fibrous morphology of PCL/PVA nanofibers was preserved, if the nanofiber scaffold was coated with thin layers of HA (200 nm and 400 nm). Increasing thickness of HA, however, resulted in a gradual loss of fibrous character. In addition, biomechanical properties were improved after HA deposition on PCL/PVA nanofibers as the value of Young's moduli of elasticity significantly increased. Clearly, thin-layer hydroxyapatite deposition on a nanofiber surface stimulated mesenchymal stem cell viability and their differentiation into osteoblasts. The optimal depth of HA was 800 nm.

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Kamaruzaman, Nurul Asyikin, Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek, and Marina Talib. "Fabrication, Characterization and Degradation of Electrospun Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Infused with Selenium Nanoparticles." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 17, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v17n3.2183.

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Polycaprolactone (PCL) is widely used in the fabrication of nanofibers through electrospinning technique. PCL is a biodegradable material that is economical, simple and can be scaled up for industrial production. In this study, PCL was infused with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) via electrospinning to fabricate PCL-SeNPs nanofiber. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images of the samples revealed ‘aligned fibers’ was successfully fabricated with a diameter size of less than 350 nm and an average diameter of 185 nm. The presence of Se in the nanofiber was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and Raman spectra. Based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, the structure of PCL did not change and remains in the PCL-SeNPs nanofibers. The functional groups of PCL, as indicated by infrared (IR) spectra remained the same after SeNPs infusion. These results demonstrated that the physical and chemical properties of PCL nanofibers were not affected by the infusion of SeNPs. In addition, the hydrophobicity of the PCL decreased slightly in the presence of SeNPs. The first month after degradation, disorganized and fibrous fibers of PCL-SeNPs nanofiber were observed followed by the formation of large fiber clumps as degradation time increased. An agglomerated SeNPs made PCL-SeNPs nanofiber pores looser and easier to be hydrolyzed after 4 months of degradation. The sticky surface of PCL-SeNPs nanofiber shows acceleration in the hydrolysis process after 24th weeks of degradation. The presence of SeNPs enhanced the degradation behavior as well as reducing the degradation time to break into pieces, starting after 6 months of degradation. The ‘aligned’ PCL-SeNPs nanofiber, which can mimic the natural tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) morphology, can potentially be used in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, wound dressing, biomedicine, sensor and filtration application.

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Barbak, Zarife, Hale Karakas, Imren Esenturk, M. Sedef Erdal, and A. Sezai Sarac. "Silver sulfadiazine Loaded Poly (ε-Caprolactone)/Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Composite Nanofibers for Topical Drug Delivery." Nano 15, no. 06 (June 2020): 2050073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020500733.

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In this study, silver sulfadiazine (SSD) loaded Poly ([Formula: see text]-caprolactone)/Poly (ethylene oxide) (PCL/PEO) nanofiber patches were prepared via electrospinning method for topical drug delivery applications. SSD was loaded for the first time into PCL/PEO nanofibers. Nanofiber patches were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) to check the presence of chemical bonding between SSD and polymer matrix. The surface morphology of the nanofibers was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM images showed that uniform and smooth composite nanofibers were obtained. The diameter of the nanofibers decreased with the addition of SSD. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out to examine the crystallinity of composite nanofiber patches. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was performed to confirm Ag and S contents in the SSD loaded composite nanofibers and EDS Mapping was used to show the homogeneous distribution of SSD in the fiber structure. In order to investigate the release and solubility properties of SSD, an unused buffer solution; Water/Propylene Glycol/Phosphoric Acid (82:16:2) was prepared. The release of SSD was performed in this buffer and the release amount of SSD was calculated by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. Thereby, SSD containing PCL/PEO composite nanofiber carriers were electrospun to achieve the enhancement in solubility, effective drug release and efficient drug loading of SSD. All experimental studies demonstrated that SSD loaded PCL/PEO composite nanofibers have great potential to be used in topical drug delivery applications.

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Kalantary, Saba, Farideh Golbabaei, Masoud Latifi, Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar, and Mehdi Yaseri. "Feasibility of Using Vitamin E-Loaded Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Gelatin Nanofibrous Mat to Prevent Oxidative Stress in Skin." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 3554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17486.

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Some occupational skin exposures lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The occupational exposure of workers to ROS has been found to be associated with an increased risk of developing skin injuries; therefore, it is essential to protect skin against ROS formation. Recently, some studies have been conducted on introducing better alternatives for skin protection. Nanofibers are good candidates for this purpose. The current study was carried out to assess vitamin E-loaded hybrid Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin (Gt) nanofibres mats as protective layers of skin exposed to occupational exposures. Vitamin E (VE) was successfully incorporated into PCL/Gt nanofibers while they were formed by electrospinning method. Nanofibers mats were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Their degradation behavior, in vitro release, biocompatibility, and antioxidant activity were studied. The diameters of the PCL/Gt/VE nanofibers decreased with the addition of vitamin E. The degradation rate of nanofibers was equal to 42.98 and 50.69% during 7 and 14 days, respectively. Nanofibers containing vitamin E showed an initial burst followed by a sustained release. The PCL/Gt/VE nanofibers exhibited good free radical scavenging activities despite being exposed to a high electrical potential during electrospinning. PCL/Gt/VE nanofibers supported a higher level of viability compared to PCL/Gt ones and significantly assisted human skin cells against tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) induced oxidative stress. Overall, PCL/Gt/VE nanofibers can potentially be used to protect skin against oxidative stress as a novel approach for worker’s healthcare.

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Putri, Nur Rofiqoh Eviana, Dhimas Agung Kurniawan, Bintang Adi Pradana, Nadya Alfa Cahaya Imani, and Yuni Kusumastuti. "Preparation of Chitosan-Polycaprolactone (PCL) Composite Nanofiber as Potential for Annulus Fibrosus Regeneration." Key Engineering Materials 840 (April 2020): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.840.368.

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Tissue engineering has shown a remarkable result in medical applications. Further exploration, these multidisciplinary fields are also given a possibility as an alternative medication for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Focusing on the annulus fibrous repair, to improve the mechanical properties of biomaterials, a composite made of chitosan and polycaprolactone (PCL) was developed in this present study. Due to its tuneable properties, the electrospinning-based method was used in the experiment to create the chitosan/PCL composite. Varies concentration of PCL (11, 12, and 13 wt%) and a different ratio of precursors chitosan to PCL (1:1; 1:3; 1:5) were used to optimize the composition of natural and synthetic polymer in the composite nanofibers. The obtained nanofibers were then characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe the morphology, swelling test, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the increasing concentration and composition of PCL could form the more homogeneous and larger diameter of nanofiber with fewer beads compare to the lower composition of PCL nanofiber. Meanwhile, the swelling percentage decreases by increasing the amount of PCL. FTIR results also show that all samples of composite nanofibers contain both chitosan and PCL.

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Kupka, Vojtěch, Eva Dvořáková, Anton Manakhov, Miroslav Michlíček, Josef Petruš, Lucy Vojtová, and Lenka Zajíčková. "Well-Blended PCL/PEO Electrospun Nanofibers with Functional Properties Enhanced by Plasma Processing." Polymers 12, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061403.

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Biodegradable composite nanofibers were electrospun from poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) mixtures dissolved in acetic and formic acids. The variation of PCL:PEO concentration in the polymer blend, from 5:95 to 75:25, revealed the tunability of the hydrolytic stability and mechanical properties of the nanofibrous mats. The degradation rate of PCL/PEO nanofibers can be increased compared to pure PCL, and the mechanical properties can be improved compared to pure PEO. Although PCL and PEO have been previously reported as immiscible, the electrospinning into nanofibers having restricted dimensions (250–450 nm) led to a microscopically mixed PCL/PEO blend. However, the hydrolytic stability and tensile tests revealed the segregation of PCL into few-nanometers-thin fibrils in the PEO matrix of each nanofiber. A synergy phenomenon of increased stiffness appeared for the high concentration of PCL in PCL/PEO nanofibrous mats. The pure PCL and PEO mats had a Young’s modulus of about 12 MPa, but the mats made of high concentration PCL in PCL/PEO solution exhibited 2.5-fold higher values. The increase in the PEO content led to faster degradation of mats in water and up to a 20-fold decrease in the nanofibers’ ductility. The surface of the PCL/PEO nanofibers was functionalized by an amine plasma polymer thin film that is known to increase the hydrophilicity and attach proteins efficiently to the surface. The combination of different PCL/PEO blends and amine plasma polymer coating enabled us to tune the surface functionality, the hydrolytic stability, and the mechanical properties of biodegradable nanofibrous mats.

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Che, Hui-Lian, Hwa Jeong Lee, Koichiro Uto, Mitsuhiro Ebara, Won Jong Kim, Takao Aoyagi, and In-Kyu Park. "Simultaneous Drug and Gene Delivery from the Biodegradable Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanofibers for the Treatment of Liver Cancer." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 7971–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11233.

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In this study, we present anti-cancer drug containing nanofiber-mediated gene delivery to treat liver cancer. Electro-spun nanofibers have big potential for local delivery and sustained release of therapeutic gene and drugs. We reported a temperature-responsive nanofibers mainly compounded by branched poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) macro-monomers and anti-cancer drug paclitaxel. The nanofiber could be administrated into liver tumors to dramatically hinder their growth and prevent their metastasis. As a result, paclitaxel encapsulated PCL (PTX/PCL) nanofibers with diameters of around several tens nanometers to 10 nm were successfully obtained by electro-spinning andobserved in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nanoparticles composed of disulfide cross-linked branched PEI (ssPEI) and anti-cancer therapeutic gene miRNA-145 were complexed based on the electrostatic interaction and coated over the paclitaxel-loaded nanofiber. MicroRNA 145/ssPEI nanoparticles (MSNs) immobilized on the PTX/PCL nanofiber showed time-dependent sustained release of the microRNA for enhanced uptake in neighboring liver cancer cells without any noticeable cytotoxicity. From this study we are expecting a synergistic effect on the cancer cell suppression since we have combined the drug and gene delivery. This approach uses the nanofibers and nanoparticles together for the treatment of cancer and the detailed investigation in vitro and in vivo must be conducted for the practicality of this study. The polymer is biodegradable and the toxicity issues must be cleared by our approach.

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Cheng, Liang, Yi Wang, Guoming Sun, Shizhu Wen, Lianfu Deng, Hongyu Zhang, and Wenguo Cui. "Hydration-Enhanced Lubricating Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes Prevent Tissue Adhesion." Research 2020 (March 19, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/4907185.

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Lubrication is the key to efficient function of human tissues and has significant impact on the comfort level. However, the construction of a lubricating nanofibrous membrane has not been reported as yet, especially using a one-step surface modification method. Here, bioinspired by the superlubrication mechanism of articular cartilage, we successfully construct hydration-enhanced lubricating nanofibers via one-step in situ grafting of a copolymer synthesized by dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) onto electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers. The zwitterionic MPC structure provides the nanofiber surface with hydration lubrication behavior. The coefficient of friction (COF) of the lubricating nanofibrous membrane decreases significantly and is approximately 65% less than that of pure PCL nanofibers, which are easily worn out under friction regardless of hydration. The lubricating nanofibers, however, show favorable wear-resistance performance. Besides, they possess a strong antiadhesion ability of fibroblasts compared with pure PCL nanofibers. The cell density decreases approximately 9-fold, and the cell area decreases approximately 12 times on day 7. Furthermore, the in vivo antitendon adhesion data reveals that the lubricating nanofiber group has a significantly lower adhesion score and a better antitissue adhesion. Altogether, our developed hydration-enhanced lubricating nanofibers show promising applications in the biomedical field such as antiadhesive membranes.

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Chong, Lor Huai, Mim Mim Lim, and Naznin Sultana. "Fabrication and Evaluation of Polycaprolactone/Gelatin-Based Electrospun Nanofibers with Antibacterial Properties." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/970542.

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Nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated through blending of a synthetic polymer, polycaprolactone (PCL), and a natural polymer, gelatin (GE), using an electrospinning technique. Processing and solution parameters were optimized to determine the suitable properties of PCL/GE-based nanofibers. Several characterizations were conducted to determine surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wettability using water contact angle measurement, and chemical bonding analysis using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) of PCL/GE-based nanofibers. Experimental results showed that 14% (w/v) PCL/GE with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/h and 18 kV demonstrated suitable properties. This nanofiber was then further investigated for itsin vitrodegradation, drug loading (using a model drug, tetracycline hydrochloride), and antibacterial testing (using zone inhibition method).

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Unal, Semra, Sema Arslan, Betul Karademir Yilmaz, Faik Nuzhet Oktar, Denisa Ficai, Anton Ficai, and Oguzhan Gunduz. "Polycaprolactone/Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Electrospun Scaffolds to Mimic Glioblastoma Extracellular Matrix." Materials 13, no. 11 (June 11, 2020): 2661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112661.

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Glioblastoma (GBM), one of the most malignant types of human brain tumor, is resistant to conventional treatments and is associated with poor survival. Since the 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) of GBM microenvironment plays a significant role on the tumor behavior, the engineering of the ECM will help us to get more information on the tumor behavior and to define novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin(Gel)/hyaluronic acid(HA) composite scaffolds with aligned and randomly oriented nanofibers were successfully fabricated by electrospinning for mimicking the extracellular matrix of GBM tumor. We investigated the effect of nanotopography and components of fibers on the mechanical, morphological, and hydrophilic properties of electrospun nanofiber as well as their biocompatibility properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have been used to investigate possible interactions between components. The mean fiber diameter in the nanofiber matrix was increased with the presence of HA at low collector rotation speed. Moreover, the rotational velocity of the collector affected the fiber diameters as well as their homogenous distribution. Water contact angle measurements confirmed that hyaluronic acid-incorporated aligned nanofibers were more hydrophilic than that of random nanofibers. In addition, PCL/Gel/HA nanofibrous scaffold (7.9 MPa) exhibited a significant decrease in tensile strength compared to PCL/Gel nanofibrous mat (19.2 MPa). In-vitro biocompatibilities of nanofiber scaffolds were tested with glioblastoma cells (U251), and the PCL/Gel/HA scaffolds with random nanofiber showed improved cell adhesion and proliferation. On the other hand, PCL/Gel/HA scaffolds with aligned nanofiber were found suitable for enhancing axon growth and elongation supporting intracellular communication. Based on these results, PCL/Gel/HA composite scaffolds are excellent candidates as a biomimetic matrix for GBM and the study of the tumor.

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Nirwan, Viraj P., Eva Filova, Ahmed Al-Kattan, Andrei V. Kabashin, and Amir Fahmi. "Smart Electrospun Hybrid Nanofibers Functionalized with Ligand-Free Titanium Nitride (TiN) Nanoparticles for Tissue Engineering." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020519.

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Herein, we report the fabrication and characterization of novel polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanofibers functionalized with bare (ligand-free) titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles (NPs) for tissue engineering applications. Nanofibers were prepared by a newly developed protocol based on the electrospinning of PCL solutions together with TiN NPs synthesized by femtosecond laser ablation in acetone. The generated hybrid nanofibers were characterised using spectroscopy, microscopy, and thermal analysis techniques. As shown by scanning electron microscopy measurements, the fabricated electrospun nanofibers had uniform morphology, while their diameter varied between 0.403 ± 0.230 µm and 1.1 ± 0.15 µm by optimising electrospinning solutions and parameters. Thermal analysis measurements demonstrated that the inclusion of TiN NPs in nanofibers led to slight variation in mass degradation initiation and phase change behaviour (Tm). In vitro viability tests using the incubation of 3T3 fibroblast cells in a nanofiber-based matrix did not reveal any adverse effects, confirming the biocompatibility of hybrid nanofiber structures. The generated hybrid nanofibers functionalized with plasmonic TiN NPs are promising for the development of smart scaffold for tissue engineering platforms and open up new avenues for theranostic applications.

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Zhang, Chunmei, Tianliang Zhai, and Lih-Sheng Turng. "Electrospinning of poly(lactic acid)/polycaprolactone blends: investigation of the governing parameters and biocompatibility." Journal of Polymer Engineering 38, no. 4 (April 25, 2018): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2017-0194.

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AbstractBlends of poly(lactic acid)/polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) were electrospun under various conditions to study the influence of solution concentration, feed rate and voltage supply on the morphology of the nanofibers. To improve compatibility and to help produce fine electrospun nanofibers, an L-lactide/caprolactone (LACL) copolymer was introduced as a compatibilizer in the PLA/PCL blends. It was found that the solution concentration was a principal governing factor. The mean diameter of the fibers increased with the solution concentration, feed rate and voltage. Too high of a concentration and feed rate caused the fibers to stick to each other. A slow feed rate, 10% solution concentration, and 20 kV voltage were capable of producing thin, smooth and uniform fibers. Preliminary biocompatibility assays of the nanofibers were conducted with NIH 3T3 cells. The cells grown on the nanofiber blend exhibited spindle-like morphologies. The addition of PCL and LACL copolymer was found to improve the biocompatibility of PLA nanofibers, suggesting their potential application as cell culture scaffolds.

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Lim, Wei Lee, Shiplu Roy Chowdhury, Min Hwei Ng, and Jia Xian Law. "Physicochemical Properties and Biocompatibility of Electrospun Polycaprolactone/Gelatin Nanofibers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 4764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094764.

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Tissue-engineered substitutes have shown great promise as a potential replacement for current tissue grafts to treat tendon/ligament injury. Herein, we have fabricated aligned polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin (GT) nanofibers and further evaluated their physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. PCL and GT were mixed at a ratio of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, 0:100, and electrospun to generate aligned nanofibers. The PCL/GT nanofibers were assessed to determine the diameter, alignment, water contact angle, degradation, and surface chemical analysis. The effects on cells were evaluated through Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell (WJ-MSC) viability, alignment and tenogenic differentiation. The PCL/GT nanofibers were aligned and had a mean fiber diameter within 200–800 nm. Increasing the GT concentration reduced the water contact angle of the nanofibers. GT nanofibers alone degraded fastest, observed only within 2 days. Chemical composition analysis confirmed the presence of PCL and GT in the nanofibers. The WJ-MSCs were aligned and remained viable after 7 days with the PCL/GT nanofibers. Additionally, the PCL/GT nanofibers supported tenogenic differentiation of WJ-MSCs. The fabricated PCL/GT nanofibers have a diameter that closely resembles the native tissue’s collagen fibrils and have good biocompatibility. Thus, our study demonstrated the suitability of PCL/GT nanofibers for tendon/ligament tissue engineering applications.

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Rezk, Abdelrahman I., Kyung-Suk Kim, and Cheol Sang Kim. "Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Poly(Glycerol Sebacate) Composite Nanofibers Incorporating Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Simvastatin for Bone Tissue Regeneration and Drug Delivery Applications." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 2667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112667.

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Herein, we report a drug eluting scaffold composed of a composite nanofibers of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) loaded with Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) and simvastatin (SIM) mimicking the bone extracellular matrix (ECM) to improve bone cell proliferation and regeneration process. Indeed, the addition of PGS results in a slight increase in the average fiber diameter compared to PCL. However, the presence of HANPs in the composite nanofibers induced a greater fiber diameter distribution, without significantly changing the average fiber diameter. The in vitro drug release result revealed that the sustained release of SIM from the composite nanofiber obeying the Korsemeyer–Peppas and Kpocha models revealing a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and the release mechanism follows diffusion rather than polymer erosion. Biomineralization assessment of the nanofibers was carried out in simulated body fluid (SBF). SEM and EDS analysis confirmed nucleation of the hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of the composite nanofibers mimicking the natural apatite layer. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that the PCL-PGS-HA displayed better cell proliferation and adhesion compared to the control sample, hence improving the regeneration process. This suggests that the fabricated PCL-PGS-HA could be a promising future scaffold for control drug delivery and bone tissue regeneration application.

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Jia, Yong Tang, Cui Wu, Feng Chun Dong, Gang Huang, and Xian Hua Zeng. "Preparation of PCL/PVP/Ag Nanofiber Membranes by Electrospinning Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.580.

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The composite nanofiber membranes of poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PCL/PVP) containing silver nanoparticles were prepared by electrospinning method. The morphology of composite nanofibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The silver nanoparticles on the electrospun fibers were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The contact angle and water uptake of PCL/PVP/Ag nanofiber membranes were measured. The SEM photos indicated that the average diameter of the fibers was significantly decreased with the addition of silver nanoparticles. The X-Ray images showed that Ag nanoparticles were distributed on the surface of nanofiber membranes. When the PVP mole ratio was higher than 15%, the nanofiber membranes showed good hydrophilic property. The PCL/PVP/Ag nanofiber membranes could be applied to prepare wound dressing.

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Chen, Changzhong, Fengbo Liu, Xiongzhi Zhang, Zhiyong Zhao, and Simin Liu. "Fabrication, characterization and adsorption properties of cucurbit[7]uril-functionalized polycaprolactone electrospun nanofibrous membranes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 15 (April 29, 2019): 992–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.97.

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The fabrication of electrospun nanofibers comprising cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is reported. Various techniques such as SEM, FTIR, XRD, DSC and TG were utilized to characterize the morphology, composition and properties of the nanofibers. Uniform bead-free electrospun nanofibers were obtained from PCL/CB[7] mixed solutions and the average fiber diameter of the nanofibers increases with the increase of CB[7] content. The nanofibers are composed of a physical mixture of PCL and CB[7], and CB[7] itself is present in the PCL fiber matrix in an uncomplexed state. The static adsorption behavior of the PCL/CB[7] nanofibers towards methylene blue (MB) was also preliminary investigated. The results indicate that the adsorption of MB onto the nanofibrous membranes fits the second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model.

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Keler, M. Kagan, Sibel Daglilar, Oguzhan Gunduz, Metin Yuksek, Yesim Muge Sahin, Nazmi Ekren, Faik Nüzhet Oktar, and S. Salman. "Mechanical Behavior of PCL Nanofibers." Key Engineering Materials 696 (May 2016): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.696.196.

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The biomedical applications of Poly (e-caprolactone) (PCL) have an extensive usage area such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cartilage defects and biomedical implants. Because of the PCL’s high biocompatibility and excellent mechanical features some implants have been designed for getting remarkable results. Clinically approved fibers ranging from 500 nm to 750 nm were produced by electrospinning method. The mechanical properties of the fiber scaffolds were performed via tensile testing and results were measured by special programme. Five different fiber scaffolds which they produced in various compositions have been used for this research.

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Permyakova, Elizaveta S., Philipp V. Kiryukhantsev-Korneev, Kristina Yu Gudz, Anton S. Konopatsky, Josef Polčak, Irina Y. Zhitnyak, Natalia A. Gloushankova, D. V. Shtansky, and Anton M. Manakhov. "Comparison of Different Approaches to Surface Functionalization of Biodegradable Polycaprolactone Scaffolds." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121769.

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Due to their good mechanical stability compared to gelatin, collagen or polyethylene glycol nanofibers and slow degradation rate, biodegradable poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanofibers are promising material as scaffolds for bone and soft-tissue engineering. Here, PCL nanofibers were prepared by the electrospinning method and then subjected to surface functionalization aimed at improving their biocompatibility and bioactivity. For surface modification, two approaches were used: (i) COOH-containing polymer was deposited on the PCL surface using atmospheric pressure plasma copolymerization of CO2 and C2H4, and (ii) PCL nanofibers were coated with multifunctional bioactive nanostructured TiCaPCON film by magnetron sputtering of TiC–CaO–Ti3POx target. To evaluate bone regeneration ability in vitro, the surface-modified PCL nanofibers were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF, 1×) for 21 days. The results obtained indicate different osteoblastic and epithelial cell response depending on the modification method. The TiCaPCON-coated PCL nanofibers exhibited enhanced adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, promoted the formation of Ca-based mineralized layer in SBF and, therefore, can be considered as promising material for bone tissue regeneration. The PCL–COOH nanofibers demonstrated improved adhesion and proliferation of IAR-2 cells, which shows their high potential for skin reparation and wound dressing.

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Moosa, Saja A., Akram R. Jabur, and Emad S. Al-Hassani. "Preparation and Physical Properties of PCL-Metoprolol Tartrate Electrospun Nanofibers as Drug Delivery System." Key Engineering Materials 886 (May 2021): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.886.183.

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Electrospinning is considered a promising technology for encapsulating and loading various drugs into nanoﬁbers. Metoprolol tartrate (MPT), hydrophilic therapy, was used as model drug. Metoprolol tartrate was loaded into poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) via blend and emulsion electospinning. The preparation processes, morphology, chemical structure thermal properties were evaluated. FESEM showed that emulsion electospinning produce larger fiber diameters(301.775nm) when compared to fibers produced by blend electrospinning(112.463, 249.34)nm, the PCL/ span 80 and MPT-PCL by emulsion method which have high fiber diameter than pure PCL and MPT-PCL by blend method and the Tm of pure PCL nanofibers and all drug loaded scaffolds are around 60°C from DSC test, water contact angle to pure PCL electrospun mats hydrophobic character (126.2°), while PCL/span 80, and PCL-drug nanofiber mats showed hydrophilic character. Our study demonstrated the possibility of using electrospinning with a promising good potential toward sustained and controlled drug delivery system.

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Hudecki, Andrzej, Joanna Gola, Saeid Ghavami, Magdalena Skonieczna, Jarosław Markowski, Wirginia Likus, Magdalena Lewandowska, Wojciech Maziarz, and Marek J. Los. "Structure and properties of slow-resorbing nanofibers obtained by (co-axial) electrospinning as tissue scaffolds in regenerative medicine." PeerJ 5 (December 18, 2017): e4125. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4125.

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With the rapid advancement of regenerative medicine technologies, there is an urgent need for the development of new, cell-friendly techniques for obtaining nanofibers—the raw material for an artificial extracellular matrix production. We investigated the structure and properties of PCL10nanofibers, PCL5/PCL10core-shell type nanofibers, as well as PCL5/PCLAgnanofibres prepared by electrospinning. For the production of the fiber variants, a 5–10% solution of polycaprolactone (PCL) (Mw= 70,000–90,000), dissolved in a mixture of formic acid and acetic acid at a ratio of 70:30 m/m was used. In order to obtain fibers containing PCLAg1% of silver nanoparticles was added. The electrospin was conducted using the above-described solutions at the electrostatic field. The subsequent bio-analysis shows that synthesis of core-shell nanofibers PCL5/PCL10, and the silver-doped variant nanofiber core shell PCL5/PCLAg, by using organic acids as solvents, is a robust technique. Furthermore, the incorporation of silver nanoparticles into PCL5/PCLAgmakes such nanofibers toxic to model microbes without compromising its biocompatibility. Nanofibers obtained such way may then be used in regenerative medicine, for the preparation of extracellular scaffolds: (i) for controlled bone regeneration due to the long decay time of the PCL, (ii) as bioscaffolds for generation of other types of artificial tissues, (iii) and as carriers of nanocapsules for local drug delivery. Furthermore, the used solvents are significantly less toxic than the solvents for polycaprolactone currently commonly used in electrospin, like for example chloroform (CHCl3), methanol (CH3OH), dimethylformamide (C3H7NO) or tetrahydrofuran (C4H8O), hence the presented here electrospin technique may allow for the production of multilayer nanofibres more suitable for the use in medical field.

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Miroshnichenko, Svetlana, Valeriia Timofeeva, Elizaveta Permyakova, Sergey Ershov, Philip Kiryukhantsev-Korneev, Eva Dvořaková, Dmitry Shtansky, Lenka Zajíčková, Anastasiya Solovieva, and Anton Manakhov. "Plasma-Coated Polycaprolactone Nanofibers with Covalently Bonded Platelet-Rich Plasma Enhance Adhesion and Growth of Human Fibroblasts." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (April 19, 2019): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040637.

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Biodegradable nanofibers are extensively employed in different areas of biology and medicine, particularly in tissue engineering. The electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers are attracting growing interest due to their good mechanical properties and a low-cost structure similar to the extracellular matrix. However, the unmodified PCL nanofibers exhibit an inert surface, hindering cell adhesion and negatively affecting their further fate. The employment of PCL nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing requires a certain modification of the PCL surface. In this work, the morphology of PCL nanofibers is optimized by the careful tuning of electrospinning parameters. It is shown that the modification of the PCL nanofibers with the COOH plasma polymers and the subsequent binding of NH2 groups of protein molecules is a rather simple and technologically accessible procedure allowing the adhesion, early spreading, and growth of human fibroblasts to be boosted. The behavior of fibroblasts on the modified PCL surface was found to be very different when compared to the previously studied cultivation of mesenchymal stem cells on the PCL nanofibrous meshes. It is demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that the freeze–thawed platelet-rich plasma (PRP) immobilization can be performed via covalent and non-covalent bonding and that it does not affect biological activity. The covalently bound components of PRP considerably reduce the fibroblast apoptosis and increase the cell proliferation in comparison to the unmodified PCL nanofibers or the PCL nanofibers with non-covalent bonding of PRP. The reported research findings reveal the potential of PCL matrices for application in tissue engineering, while the plasma modification with COOH groups and their subsequent covalent binding with proteins expand this potential even further. The use of such matrices with covalently immobilized PRP for wound healing leads to prolonged biological activity of the immobilized molecules and protects these biomolecules from the aggressive media of the wound.

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Jung, Sang-Myung, Dae Seung Kim, Jung Hyeon Ju, and Hwa Sung Shin. "Evaluation of EPS-PCL Nanofibers as a Nanobiocomposite for Artificial Skin Based on Dermal Fibroblast Culture." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/619893.

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Several natural bioactive molecules have been used in the development of scaffolds to enhance biocompatibility or biodegradability and macroalgae contain many bioactive compounds that regulate the physiological activities of cells. In this study, extrapolymeric substances (EPS) from brown algae,Undaria pinnatifida, were dispersed in poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanofiber, fabricated by electrospinning technique to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM), and tested as a scaffold for the production of artificial skin using rat primary fibroblasts. The level of adhesion, viability, and infiltration of cells on the EPS-PCL nanofibers were then assessed. The primary fibroblasts attached well, had good viability, and infiltrated through the nanofiber mat without cytotoxicity. Additionally, fibroblast on EPS-PCL nanofiber overcame the stress derived from high cell density at limited area. These results indicate that EPS-imbedded nanofiber has the potential to be used as scaffolds to develop artificial skin or as wound-healing nanomedicines to regenerate injured skin.

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Tahmasebi, Elham. "Adsorption efficiency enhancing of electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers towards acidic polar drugs through the incorporation of a composite of graphene oxide nanosheets and Al30 polyoxocations: a comparative study." Analyst 143, no. 19 (2018): 4684–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8an01066h.

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Kızıldağ, Nuray. "Comparative Analysis of Electrospun Uniaxial and Coaxial Nanofibers Properties." Tekstil ve Mühendis 28, no. 121 (March 31, 2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7216/1300759920212812103.

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Coaxial electrospinning, which is a modified electrospinning technique involving an arrangement of multiple solution feed systems, enable the production of multilayered nanofibers. In this study, multilayered nanofibers of polyamide 6 (core) / polycaprolactone (shell) containing silver nanoparticles in the core were produced by coaxial electrospinning method. UV-Visible spectra showed that the size of nanoparticles were about 10 nm and the content of nanoparticles were observed to be proportional to the precursor content added to the solvent. The obtained multilayered nanofibers were characterized in terms of morphology, chemical structure, and silver release properties. The multilayered nanofiber structure was confirmed by the selective dissolution and removal of shell layer. The increase in the PCL content of the multilayered nanofibers with the increase in the flow rate of the shell solution was confirmed by FTIR. The silver release profiles of the nanofibers were observed to be dependent on the nanofiber configuration, and silver content. Shell thickness was also an important parameter affecting the silver release properties for multilayered nanofibers.

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Chong, Lor Huai, Mim Mim Lim, and Naznin Sultana. "Polycaprolactone(PCL)/Gelati(Ge)-Based Electrospun Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.57.

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Recent development of tissue engineering has been emphasized on tissue regeneration and repairing in order to solve the limitation of organ and tissue transplantation issues. Biomaterial scaffold, which plays an important role in this development, not only provides a promising alternative in order to improve the efficiency of cell transplantation in tissue engineering but also to deliver cells with growth factors and drugs into injured tissue to increase the survival of cell via drug delivery system. In this study, nanofibers were fabricated through blending of a synthetic polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) and a natural polymer Gelatin (Ge) using electrospinning technique. Processing parameters were optimized to determine the most suitable properties of PCL/Ge nanofibers. The surface morphology of PCL/Ge nanofibers were then characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Six samples of nanofibers from different amount of gelatin mixed with 10% PCL (w/v) were successfully fabricated. Experimental results showed that 18kV of high voltage provided more homogenous and less beaded nanofibers. Meanwhile, the 0.8g of Ge in 10% PCL (w/v) was set as the maximum concentration while 0.2g of Ge in 10% PCL (w/v) was set as the minimum concentration to reduce the bead formation.

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Yin, Yunlei, and Jie Xiong. "Effect of the Distribution of Fiber Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of Silk Fibroin/Polycaprolactone Nanofiber Mats." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 12, no. 3 (September 2017): 155892501701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501701200303.

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In this study, Silk Fibroin (SF)/Polycaprolactone (PCL) composite nanofiber mats were fabricated using an electrostatic spinning technology employing different drum rotation speeds. The morphology and tensile performance of the resulting nanofiber mats were characterized using thermal field emission scanning electron microscopy, multi-layer image fusion technology, pore size distribution analysis and uniaxial and biaxial tensile tests. The analytical results showed that the drum rotation speed had little effect on the diameter of the nanofibers, but it did effect the physical orientation of the nanofibers. When the drum rotating speed was lower than 2.38 m s-1, the nanofibers were randomly distributed, and there was no obvious mechanical anisotropy in the fiber mats. However, when the rotation speed was as high as 11.88 m s-1, the nanofibers were fully uniaxially oriented, which provided high mechanical anisotropy to the fiber mats. The distribution of the size of the aperture of the nanofiber mats was related to the distribution in the fiber orientation. If the degree of orientation of the fibrous layer was high, the variation in the individual fibers was low and the pore diameter of fibrous mats was smaller as a result of the centralized fiber distribution. In the case of the SF/PCL composite nanofiber mats fabricated with different drum rotation speeds, the variation in the mechanical performance of the resulting mat in biaxial tension was consistent with its performance in uniaxial tension; however, it was found that the fracture mechanism of fiber mats varied in biaxial tension and uniaxial tension.

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Huo, Peipei, Xinxu Han, Wenyu Zhang, Jing Zhang, Parveen Kumar, and Bo Liu. "Electrospun Nanofibers of Polycaprolactone/Collagen as a Sustained-Release Drug Delivery System for Artemisinin." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081228.

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The application of artemisinin (ART) in the treatment of malaria has been restricted to a certain degree due to its inherent limitations, such as short half-life, poor solubility, limited bioavailability, and re-crystallization. Electrospun nanofibers loaded with ART provide an excellent solution to these limitations and yield sustained drug release as well as inhibition of drug re-crystallization. In this study, ART-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL)/collagen (Col) nanofibers with different proportions of polymers were prepared. ART-loaded PCL/Col nanofibers were characterized, and further ART anti-crystallization and release behaviors were studied. SEM was used to observe the morphology of PCL/Col nanofibers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the physical state of ART in ART-loaded PCL/Col nanofibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water contact angle measurement, weight loss, degree of swelling, and drug release experiments can verify the differences in performance of ART-loaded PCL/Col nanofibers due to different polymer ratios. The release curve was analyzed by kinetics, showing sustained release for up to 48 h, and followed the Fickian release mechanism, which was shown by the diffusion index value obtained from the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation.

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Yuan, Bo, Qun Feng Liu, Cai Lin, and Xiao Feng Chen. "Predicting the Bending Size Dependency in Polymer Nanofiber Elasticity." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 2179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2179.

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In this paper, a strain gradient model is constructed to predict the bending size dependence of the elastic property of nanofibers under three-point tests. The model prediction shows that there are two kinds of size dependency for the bending tests: one is related to the diameter of the nanofiber, which can be named as Diameter Size Dependency (D-SD), the other is related to the length of the nanofiber, which can be termed as Length Size Dependency (L-SD). Mechanical testing on PCL nanofibers was performed to verify the model for D-SD, and good agreement is found between the model prediction and the data obtained in the experiment. The model can be applied to explain the size dependency in bending test for polymeric nanofibers.

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Oktar, Faik Nüzhet, Sena Su, Burak Ozbek, Sevil Yücel, Dilek Kazan, and Oguzhan Gunduz. "Production and Characterization of Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC) Based Nano-Fibers." Materials Science Forum 923 (May 2018): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.923.47.

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In this study, whey protein concentrate (WPC) and poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning in the diameter of 50-350nm. Characterization tests of the polymer solutions such as density, viscosity, conductivity was studied. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (IR) results confirmed that the processed fibers were composed of both PCL and WPC constituents. Morphology of nanofibers composite was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover the PCL/WPC nanofibers with high WPC content exhibited the maximum tensile strength (about 1.40 MPa).

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Zhu, Rui Tian, Ming Hao Tan, Peng Zhang, Liang Zhang, Xiao Ming Chen, and Fan Wen Yang. "Morphological Structure and Thermal Property of PLA/PCL Nanofiber by Electrospinning." Advanced Materials Research 1048 (October 2014): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1048.418.

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Poly (lactic) acid (PLA)/poly (caprolactone) (PCL) blends nanofibers, with mean diameter about 600nm, were prepared by electrospinning. This research focused on the morphological and thermal properties of nanofibers made from PLA/PCL bends with different PCL content. The results showed that the addition of PCL could improve the morphology of the nanofibers. The film with blend fiber at PLA/PCL ratio of 80:20 is characterized with the smoothest surface and the highest orientation. The diameter distribution of blend fibers is wider than that of pure PLA. The glass-transition temperature of PLA for blend fiber is higher than that of pure PLA, and their melting temperature is lower than that of pure PLA. It can be used in biomedical field for degradable membrane, anti-adhesive film and medical equipment.

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Yew, Chee, Pedram Azari, Jane Choi, Farina Muhamad, and Belinda Pingguan-Murphy. "Electrospun Polycaprolactone Nanofibers as a Reaction Membrane for Lateral Flow Assay." Polymers 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10121387.

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Electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers have emerged as a promising material in diverse biomedical applications due to their various favorable features. However, their application in the field of biosensors such as point-of-care lateral flow assays (LFA) has not been investigated. The present study demonstrates the use of electrospun PCL nanofibers as a reaction membrane for LFA. Electrospun PCL nanofibers were treated with NaOH solution for different concentrations and durations to achieve a desirable flow rate and optimum detection sensitivity in nucleic acid-based LFA. It was observed that the concentration of NaOH does not affect the physical properties of nanofibers, including average fiber diameter, average pore size and porosity. However, interestingly, a significant reduction of the water contact angle was observed due to the generation of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the nanofibers, which increased their hydrophilicity. The optimally treated nanofibers were able to detect synthetic Zika viral DNA (as a model analyte) sensitively with a detection limit of 0.5 nM. Collectively, the benefits such as low-cost of fabrication, ease of modification, porous nanofibrous structures and tunability of flow rate make PCL nanofibers a versatile alternative to nitrocellulose membrane in LFA applications. This material offers tremendous potential for a broad range of point-of-care applications.

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Roozbahani, Fatemeh, Naznin Sultana, Davood Almasi, and Farnaz Naghizadeh. "Effects of Chitosan Concentration on the Protein Release Behaviour of Electrospun Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Chitosan Nanofibers." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/747420.

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Poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan (PCL/chitosan) blend nanofibers with different ratios of chitosan were electrospun from a formic acid/acetic acid (FA/AA) solvent system. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model protein to incorporate biochemical cues into the nanofibrous scaffolds. The morphological characteristics of PCL/chitosan and PCL/chitosan/BSA Nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to detect the presence of polymeric ingredients and BSA in the Nanofibers. The effects of the polymer blend ratio and BSA concentration on the morphological characteristics and consequently on the BSA release pattern were evaluated. The average fiber diameter and pore size were greater in Nanofibers containing BSA. The chitosan ratio played a significant role in the BSA release profile from the PCL/chitosan/BSA blend. Nanofibrous scaffolds with higher chitosan ratios exhibited less intense bursts in the BSA release profile.

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Yin, Yunlei, Xinfei Zhao, and Jie Xiong. "Modeling Analysis of Silk Fibroin/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanofibrous Membrane under Uniaxial Tension." Nanomaterials 9, no. 8 (August 10, 2019): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9081149.

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Evaluating the mechanical ability of nanofibrous membranes during processing and end uses in tissue engineering is important. We propose a geometric model to predict the uniaxial behavior of randomly oriented nanofibrous membrane based on the structural characteristics and tensile properties of single nanofibers. Five types of silk fibroin (SF)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers were prepared with different mixture ratios via an electrospinning process. Stress–strain responses of single nanofibers and nanofibrous membranes were tested. We confirmed that PCL improves the flexibility and ductility of SF/PCL composite membranes. The applicability of the analytical model was verified by comparison between modeling prediction and experimental data. Experimental stress was a little lower than the modeling results because the membranes were not ideally uniform, the nanofibers were not ideally straight, and some nanofibers in the membranes were not effectively loaded.

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Al-Kaabi, Wasan J., Salim Albukhaty, Adnan J. M. Al-Fartosy, Hassan Kh Al-Karagoly, Sharafaldin Al-Musawi, Ghassan M. Sulaiman, Yaser H. Dewir, Mona S. Alwahibi, and Dina A. Soliman. "Development of Inula graveolens (L.) Plant Extract Electrospun/Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: A Novel Material for Biomedical Application." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 17, 2021): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020828.

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Recently, there has been a growing interest in research on nanofibrous scaffolds developed by electrospinning bioactive plant extracts. In this study, the extract material obtained from the medicinal plant Inula graveolens (L.) was loaded on polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun polymeric nanofibers. The combined mixture was prepared by 5% of I. graveolens at 8% (PCL) concentration and electrospun under optimal conditions. The chemical analysis, morphology, and crystallization of polymeric nanofibers were carried out by (FT-IR) spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and XRD diffraction. Hydrophilicity was determined by a contact angle experiment. The strength was characterized, and the toxicity of scaffolds on the cell line of fibroblasts was finally investigated. The efficiency of nanofibers to enhance the proliferation of fibroblasts was evaluated in vitro using the optimal I. graveolens/PCL solutions. The results show that I. graveolens/PCL polymeric scaffolds exhibited dispersion in homogeneous nanofibers around 72 ± 963 nm in the ratio 70/30 (V:V), with no toxicity for cells, meaning that they can be used for biomedical applications.

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İnal, Murat, Zehra Gün Gök, Name Perktaş, Gozde Elif Kartal, Naciye Banu Verim, Sevgi Murat, Tuğçe Apaydın, and Mustafa Yiğitoğlu. "The Fabrication of Poly(Σ-caprolactone)–Poly(ethylene oxide) Sandwich Type Nanofibers Containing Sericin-Capped Silver Nanoparticles as an Antibacterial Wound Dressing." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 3041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19077.

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In this study, antibacterial, synthetic poly(Σ-caprolactone)–poly(ethylene oxide) (PCL–PEO) multilayer nanofibers were produced by an electrospinning method. The material was synthesized in 3 layers. The upper–lower protective layers were produced by PCL nanofibers and the intermediate layer was produced from PEO nanofiber containing sericin-capped silver nanoparticles (S-AgNPs). The electrospinning conditions in which nano-sized, smooth, bead-free fibers were obtained was determined to be an applied voltage of 20 kV, a flow rate of 8 μL/min and a distance between the collector and the needle tip of 22 cm for the PCL layer (dissolved at a 12% g/mL concentration in a chloroform:methanol (3:2) solvent mixture) layer. For the S-AgNPs doped PEO layer (dissolved at a 3.5% g/mL concentration in water), the corresponding conditions were determined to be 20 kV, 15 μL/min and 20 cm. To characterize the three-layer material that consisted of PCL and S-AgNPs doped PEO layers, FTIR and SEM analyses were performed, and the water retention capacity, in situ degradability and antibacterial activity of the material was investigated. According to SEM analysis, the fibers obtained were found to be nano-sized, smooth and bead-free and the average size of the nanofibers forming the PCL layer was 687 nm while the average size of the fibers forming the PEO layer was 98 nm. Antibacterial activity tests were performed using gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922) bacteria and the resulting biomaterial was found to have antimicrobial effect on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It was determined that the 3-layer material obtained in this study can be used as a wound dressing.

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Konyalı, Rabia, and Aylin M. Deliormanlı. "Preparation and mineralization of 13-93 bioactive glass-containing electrospun poly-epsilon-caprolactone composite nanofibrous mats." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 32, no. 5 (May 10, 2018): 690–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718772889.

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In this study, silicate- based 13-93 bioactive glass (BG) /poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanocomposite fiber mats were fabricated through electrospinning. To prepare composites, amorphous electrospun bioactive glass nanofibers (BGFs) or melt-derived microscale bioactive glass particles (BGPs) were incorporated into the PCL matrix. In vitro mineralization ability of the prepared fibrous mats was assessed in simulated body fluid under static conditions. The results revealed that it is possible to prepare bead-free continuous nanofibers using PCL-acetone solution at specified PCL concentrations (8 and 10 wt%). Nanofibers with almost uniform diameters were produced using 10 wt% PCL solution. Incorporation of BG in the form of particle or fiber into the PCL matrix was made between 1 wt% and 10 wt%. The results showed that the diameter of BGP-containing composite fibers was higher compared to BGF-containing composite scaffolds. The addition of BG to the PCL matrix both in the form of powder and fiber enhanced hydroxyapatite formation in the fibrous scaffolds. The amount of calcium phosphate–based material formation was higher in glass particle–containing samples compared to glass fiber–containing PCL scaffolds. Additionally, the degradation rate in phosphate buffer and silicium ion release amount of BGP-containing PCL fibers was higher compared to BGF-containing PCL fibers. It was concluded that fibrous composite scaffolds prepared in this study could have potential in tissue engineering applications.

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Daelemans, Lode, Iline Steyaert, Ella Schoolaert, Camille Goudenhooft, Hubert Rahier, and Karen De Clerck. "Nanostructured Hydrogels by Blend Electrospinning of Polycaprolactone/Gelatin Nanofibers." Nanomaterials 8, no. 7 (July 20, 2018): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8070551.

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Nanofibrous membranes based on polycaprolactone (PCL) have a large potential for use in biomedical applications but are limited by the hydrophobicity of PCL. Blend electrospinning of PCL with other biomedical suited materials, such as gelatin (Gt) allows for the design of better and new materials. This study investigates the possibility of blend electrospinning PCL/Gt nanofibrous membranes which can be used to design a range of novel materials better suited for biomedical applications. The electrospinnability and stability of PCL/Gt blend nanofibers from a non-toxic acid solvent system are investigated. The solvent system developed in this work allows good electrospinnable emulsions for the whole PCL/Gt composition range. Uniform bead-free nanofibers can easily be produced, and the resulting fiber diameter can be tuned by altering the total polymer concentration. Addition of small amounts of water stabilizes the electrospinning emulsions, allowing the electrospinning of large and homogeneous nanofibrous structures over a prolonged period. The resulting blend nanofibrous membranes are analyzed for their composition, morphology, and homogeneity. Cold-gelling experiments on these novel membranes show the possibility of obtaining water-stable PCL/Gt nanofibrous membranes, as well as nanostructured hydrogels reinforced with nanofibers. Both material classes provide a high potential for designing new material applications.

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Zeng, Linchao, Weihan Li, Jianxiu Cheng, Jiaqing Wang, Xiaowu Liu, and Yan Yu. "N-doped porous hollow carbon nanofibers fabricated using electrospun polymer templates and their sodium storage properties." RSC Adv. 4, no. 33 (2014): 16920–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra01200c.

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N-doped hollow porous carbon nanofibers (P-HCNFs) were prepared through pyrolyzation of hollow polypyrrole (PPy) nanofibers fabricated using electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers as a sacrificial template.

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Vozniak, Iurii, Ramin Hosseinnezhad, Jerzy Morawiec, and Andrzej Galeski. "Microstructural Evolution of Poly(ε-Caprolactone), Its Immiscible Blend, and In Situ Generated Nanocomposites." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 2587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112587.

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Polymer–polymer systems with special phase morphology were prepared, leading to an exceptional combination of strength, modulus, and ductility. Two immiscible polymers: poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) were used as components for manufacturing a nanoblend and a nanocomposite characterized by nanodroplet-matrix and nanofibril-matrix morphologies, respectively. Nanofibrils were formed by high shear of nanodroplets at sufficiently low temperature to stabilize their fibrillar shape by shear-induced crystallization. The effects of nanodroplet vs. nanofiber morphology on the tensile mechanical behavior of the nanocomposites were elucidated with the help of in situ 2D small-angle X-ray scattering, microcalorimetry and 2D wide-angle X-ray diffraction. For neat PCL and a PCL/PHA blend, the evolution of the structure under uniaxial tension was accompanied by extensive fragmentation of crystalline lamellae with the onset at strain e = 0.1. Limited lamellae fragmentation in the PCL/PHA composite occurred continuously over a wide range of deformations (e = 0.1–1.1) and facilitated plastic flow of the composite and was associated with the presence of a PHA nanofiber network that transferred local stress to the PCL lamellae, enforcing their local deformation. The PHA nanofibers acted as crystallization nuclei for PCL during their strain-induced melting–recrystallization.

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Manotham, Supalak, Kamonpan Pengpat, Sukum Eitssayeam, Gobwute Rujijanagul, Denis Russell Sweatman, and Tawee Tunkasiri. "Fabrication of Polycaprolactone/Centella asiatica Extract Biopolymer Nanofiber by Electrospinning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 804 (October 2015): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.804.151.

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This work aims to fabricate and investigate biopolymer electrospun nanofibers of polycaprolactone (PCL) mixed with Centella asiatica (C. asiatica). The nanofibers were manufactured by electrospinning technique. C. asiatica were extracted and loaded into the nanofibers with different contents (0.5, 2.5, 5 and 10 wt%). Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that both PCL and C. Asiatica presented in the nanofibers without chemical reaction between them. The morphology of the nanofibers was investigated by a scanning electron microscope, exhibiting smooth and bead-free with diameters of 300 to 500 nm. Mechanical properties of the fibers show that the tensile stress notable increased with the C. Asiatica content. Antimicrobial activity test showed that this material had a potential for anti-bactericidal activity.

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Ezhilarasu, Hariharan, Raghavendra Ramalingam, Chetna Dhand, Rajamani Lakshminarayanan, Asif Sadiq, Chinnasamy Gandhimathi, Seeram Ramakrishna, Boon Huat Bay, Jayarama Reddy Venugopal, and Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan. "Biocompatible Aloe vera and Tetracycline Hydrochloride Loaded Hybrid Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Skin Tissue Engineering." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 5174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205174.

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Aloe vera (AV) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) exhibit significant properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-bacterial activities to facilitate skin tissue engineering. The present study aims to develop poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)/ AV containing curcumin (CUR), and TCH loaded hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds to validate the synergistic effect on the fibroblast proliferation and antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria for wound healing. PCL/AV, PCL/CUR, PCL/AV/CUR and PCL/AV/TCH hybrid nanofibrous mats were fabricated using an electrospinning technique and were characterized for surface morphology, the successful incorporation of active compounds, hydrophilicity and the mechanical property of nanofibers. SEM revealed that there was a decrease in the fiber diameter (ranging from 360 to 770 nm) upon the addition of AV, CUR and TCH in PCL nanofibers, which were randomly oriented with bead free morphology. FTIR spectra of various electrospun samples confirmed the successful incorporation of AV, CUR and TCH into the PCL nanofibers. The fabricated nanofibrous scaffolds possessed mechanical properties within the range of human skin. The biocompatibility of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were evaluated on primary human dermal fibroblasts (hDF) by MTS assay, CMFDA, Sirius red and F-actin stainings. The results showed that the fabricated PCL/AV/CUR and PCL/AV/TCH nanofibrous scaffolds were non-toxic and had the potential for wound healing applications. The disc diffusion assay confirmed that the electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds possessed antibacterial activity and provided an effective wound dressing for skin tissue engineering.

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Hivechi, Ahmad, Peiman Brouki Milan, Khashayar Modabberi, Moein Amoupour, Kaveh Ebrahimzadeh, Amir Reza Gholipour, Faezeh Sedighi, et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of Exopolysaccharide Encapsulated PCL/Gelatin Skin Substitute for Full-Thickness Wound Regeneration." Polymers 13, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060854.

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Loss of skin integrity can lead to serious problems and even death. In this study, for the first time, the effect of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by cold-adapted yeast R. mucilaginosa sp. GUMS16 on a full-thickness wound in rats was evaluated. The GUMS16 strain’s EPS was precipitated by adding cold ethanol and then lyophilized. Afterward, the EPS with polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin was fabricated into nanofibers with two single-needle and double-needle procedures. The rats’ full-thickness wounds were treated with nanofibers and Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s Trichrome staining was done for studying the wound healing in rats. Obtained results from SEM, DLS, FTIR, and TGA showed that EPS has a carbohydrate chemical structure with an average diameter of 40 nm. Cell viability assessments showed that the 2% EPS loaded sample exhibits the highest cell activity. Moreover, in vivo implantation of nanofiber webs on the full-thickness wound on rat models displayed a faster healing rate when EPS was loaded into a nanofiber. These results suggest that the produced EPS can be used for skin tissue engineering applications.

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Luo, Jing Wan, Zhen Ran Xia, Jing Qu, Yan Ni Yu, Jing Li, and Ming Zhong Li. "Influence of Rotation Rate of Collecting Roller on the Mechanical Property of PCL/SF Tubular Scaffolds." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 813–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.813.

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The composite tubular scaffolds with highly oriented nanofibers used for vascular repair could improve the biomechanical properties of tubular scaffolds, satisfying the biomechanical requirement for the change of blood pressure and conducing to cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. The tubular scaffolds from poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL) and silk fibroin (SF) composite nanofibers were successfully fabricated through electrospinning using cylindrical roller with an outer diameter (OD) of 3.0 mm. The influences of the collecting rotatation speeds on electrospun PCL/SF nanofibers orientation and radial/axial mechanical properties of the scaffolds were investigated. The results revealed that the electrospun PCL/SF tubular scaffolds fabricated at 1500 and 2000 r/min (linear velocity of 2.1, 2.8 m/s, respectively) possessed good arrangement around the circumferential direction of roller and sufficient radial strength and suture strength. The electrospun PCL/SF tubular scaffolds with circumferential-direction structure as a new vascular graft may be useful in vessel tissue engineering.

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Liu, Qing, Liping Yang, and Qingrong Peng. "Study on scar repair and wound nursing of chitosan-based composite electrospun nanofibers in first aid of burn." Materials Express 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 1420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.2041.

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Bacterial infection and oxidative stress are serious complications in emergency burn patients, as the increase of oxygen free radicals in burn wounds can aggravate vascular endothelial cell injury, make the wounds ischemic and hypoxic, and delay wound healing. Traditional dressings cannot meet the first-aid needs of burn patients. In this study, polycaprolactone/chitosan (PCL/CS) was used as an electrospun nanofiber matrix, and curcumin (CUR), a molecule with excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, was introduced to construct polycaprolactone/ chitosan graft copolymer-zein-curcumin electrospun nanofibers (PCL/CS-ZE-CUR). The results of clinical experiments suggest that compared with traditional dressings, based on the excellent mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of PCL/CS, the new dressing can exhibit oxygen free radical-scavenging abilities of CUR to accelerate wound healing and is expected to provide a beneficial upgrade for wound emergency care.

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Sharpe, Jacquelyn M., Hyunsu Lee, Adam R. Hall, Keith Bonin, and Martin Guthold. "Mechanical Properties of Electrospun, Blended Fibrinogen: PCL Nanofibers." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091843.

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Electrospun nanofibers manufactured from biocompatible materials are used in numerous bioengineering applications, such as tissue engineering, creating organoids or dressings, and drug delivery. In many of these applications, the morphological and mechanical properties of the single fiber affect their function. We used a combined atomic force microscope (AFM)/optical microscope technique to determine the mechanical properties of nanofibers that were electrospun from a 50:50 fibrinogen:PCL (poly-ε-caprolactone) blend. Both of these materials are widely available and biocompatible. Fibers were spun onto a striated substrate with 6 μm wide grooves, anchored with epoxy on the ridges and pulled with the AFM probe. The fibers showed significant strain softening, as the modulus decreased from an initial value of 1700 MPa (5–10% strain) to 110 MPa (>40% strain). Despite this extreme strain softening, these fibers were very extensible, with a breaking strain of 100%. The fibers exhibited high energy loss (up to 70%) and strains larger than 5% permanently deformed the fibers. These fibers displayed the stress–strain curves of a ductile material. We provide a comparison of the mechanical properties of these blended fibers with other electrospun and natural nanofibers. This work expands a growing library of mechanically characterized, electrospun materials for biomedical applications.

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Miele, Dalila, Laura Catenacci, Silvia Rossi, Giuseppina Sandri, Milena Sorrenti, Alberta Terzi, Cinzia Giannini, et al. "Collagen/PCL Nanofibers Electrospun in Green Solvent by DOE Assisted Process. An Insight into Collagen Contribution." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 22, 2020): 4698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214698.

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Collagen, thanks to its biocompatibility, biodegradability and weak antigenicity, is widely used in dressings and scaffolds, also as electrospun fibers. Its mechanical stability can be improved by adding polycaprolactone (PCL), a synthetic and biodegradable aliphatic polyester. While previously collagen/PCL combinations were electrospun in solvents such as hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) or trifluoroethanol (TFE), more recently literature describes collagen/PCL nanofibers obtained in acidic aqueous solutions. A good morphology of the fibers represents in this case still a challenge, especially for high collagen/PCL ratios. In this work, thanks to preliminary rheological and physicochemical characterization of the solutions and to a Design of Experiments (DOE) approach on process parameters, regular and dimensionally uniform fibers were obtained with collagen/PCL ratios up to 1:2 and 1:1 w/w. Collagen ratio appeared relevant for mechanical strength of dry and hydrated fibers. WAXS and FTIR analysis showed that collagen denaturation is related both to the medium and to the electrospinning process. After one week in aqueous environment, collagen release was complete and a concentration dependent stimulatory effect on fibroblast growth was observed, suggesting the fiber suitability for wound healing. The positive effect of collagen on mechanical properties and on fibroblast biocompatibility was confirmed by a direct comparison of nanofiber performance after collagen substitution with gelatin.

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Zhao, Xingyan, Jingjing Luo, Changjiang Fang, and Jie Xiong. "Investigation of polylactide/poly(ε-caprolactone)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes electrospun nanofibers with surface texture." RSC Advances 5, no. 120 (2015): 99179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra14301b.

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Chong, Lor Huai, Mim Mim Lim, and Naznin Sultana. "Fabrication and Characterization of PCL/GE-Based Electrospun Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.195.

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Tissue engineering (TE) provides an alternative option to solve limitation of organ and tissue transplantation issues. Fabrication of scaffold is a major challenge because it needs to provide a suitable medium for cell growing and drug delivery which enhances cell transplantation efficiency. The porosity, biodegradability and biocompatibility are the important properties in fabricating a scaffold. Our previous work had found that electrospinning of Polycarprolactone (PCL)/ Gelatin (GE)-based nanofibers in 14% w/v polymer solution in 18kV showed the best results in morphology, average diameters, average pore size and hydrophilicity. Hence, in this project, we are interested to study the relationship between weight ratio of PCL and GE in the same concentration (14%) to the morphology, degradation rate and porosity of nanofibers. Experimental results showed that PCL with 1.2g and GE with 0.2g was able to produce better nanofibers. The sample was then further deployed in drug (tetracycline hydrochloride) loading and it was successfully loaded proven by Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) Spectrum. These nanofibers are predicted to be potentially useful for drug delivery and TE application.

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Farzamfar, Saeed, Majid Salehi, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Javad Verdi, Korosh Mansouri, Arman Ai, Ziba Veisi Malekshahi, and Jafar Ai. "A novel polycaprolactone/carbon nanofiber composite as a conductive neural guidance channel: an in vitro and in vivo study." Progress in Biomaterials 8, no. 4 (December 2019): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40204-019-00121-3.

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AbstractThe current study aimed to investigate the potential of carbon nanofibers to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. The carbon nanofiber-imbedded scaffolds were produced from polycaprolactone and carbon nanofibers using thermally induced phase separation method. Electrospinning technique was utilized to fabricate polycaprolactone/collagen nanofibrous sheets. The incorporation of carbon nanofibers into polycaprolactone’s matrix significantly reduced its electrical resistance from 4.3 × 109 ± 0.34 × 109 Ω to 8.7 × 104 ± 1.2 × 104 Ω. Further in vitro studies showed that polycaprolactone/carbon nanofiber scaffolds had the porosity of 82.9 ± 3.7% and degradation rate of 1.84 ± 0.37% after 30 days and 3.58 ± 0.39% after 60 days. The fabricated scaffolds were favorable for PC-12 cells attachment and proliferation. Neural guidance channels were produced from the polycaprolactone/carbon nanofiber composites using water jet cutter machine then incorporated with PCL/collagen nanofibrous sheets. The composites were implanted into severed rat sciatic nerve. After 12 weeks, the results of histopathological examinations and functional analysis proved that conductive conduit out-performed the non-conductive type and induced no toxicity or immunogenic reactions, suggesting its potential applicability to treat peripheral nerve damage in the clinic.

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Journal articles on the topic 'PCL nanofibers'

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