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Journal articles on the topic 'PCCI combustion'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Getachew Alemayehu, Ramesh Babu Nallamothu, Adem Siraj, and Rajendiran Gopal. "Experimental investigation on the effect of EGR rate variation on emissions in optimized PCCI-DI diesel engine." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 12, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 078–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2022.12.2.0132.

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Combustion in diesel engines is focusing towards unexplored combustion concepts where innovative combustion ideas are being developed following several engine control factors. Advanced low temperature combustion engines for automotive applications are one of the improvements in this regard. The test was conducted on a single cylinder, four stroke and air cooled diesel engine. The scope of this study is to investigate the impact of EGR rate variation (25%, 35% and 45 % EGR rates) on emission reductions in PCCI-DI diesel combustion approach showing a reduction of NOx–soot trade-offs than the conventional diesel combustion approach. The PCCI-DI diesel combustion in this setup is optimized applying the algorithm of grey relational analysis together with Taguchi method. This investigational setup used a methanol port injection and advanced injection timing for PCCI formation. Emission results from different EGR settings in the optimized PCCI-DI combustion scheme were analyzed and compared using surface and contour plots. From the experiment higher EGR rate resulted a decrease in NOx productions but an increase in HC, CO and smoke due to the combustion mode of the experimental setup. The study indicated that excess EGR application should be avoided to have an optimum PCCI-DI combustion having lower emission results.

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2

Yan, Yan, and Yu Sheng Zhang. "The Study on PCCI Mode of Diesel Engine Fueled with Methanol/Dimethyl Ether." Applied Mechanics and Materials 607 (July 2014): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.629.

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Taking into account China's abundant coal resources, methanol and DME(Dimethyl Ether) obtained from coal are good alternative fuels. The research project is to utilize the fuel of DME and methanol in diesel engines for new combustion models PCCI (Premixed Charge Compression Ignition).The tests of the PCCI mode with different boundary conditions were studied on PCCI test bench. PCCI combustion is consisted of three stages: low temperature reaction of DME, high-temperature reaction of DME and diffusion combustion reaction of methanol. DME as combustion improver should be kept relatively low concentration, and with the decrease of methanol, its concentration need to be reduced. Methanol and formaldehyde are important parts of HC emission, their volume fraction was about 70%.

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3

Kong, S.-C., Y. Ra, and R. D. Reitz. "Performance of multi-dimensional models for simulating diesel premixed charge compression ignition engine combustion using low- and high-pressure injectors." International Journal of Engine Research 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808705x30567.

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An engine CFD model has been developed to simulate premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion using detailed chemistry. The numerical model is based on the KIVA code that is modified to use CHEMKIN as the chemistry solver. The model was applied to simulate ignition, combustion, and emissions processes in diesel engines operated to achieve PCCI conditions. Diesel PCCI experiments using both low- and high-pressure injectors were simulated. For the low-pressure injector with early injection (close to intake valve closure), the model shows that wall wetting can be minimized by using a pressure-swirl atomizer with a variable spray angle. In the case of using a high-pressure injector, it is found that late injection (SOI = 5 ° ATDC) benefits soot emissions as a result of low-temperature combustion at highly premixed conditions. The model was also used to validate the emission reduction potential of an HSDI diesel engine using a double injection strategy that favours PCCI conditions. It is concluded that the present model is useful to assess future engine combustion concepts, such as PCCI and low-temperature combustion (LTC).

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4

Halbe, Mayura H., David J. Fain, Gregory M. Shaver, Lyle Kocher, and David Koeberlein. "Control-oriented premixed charge compression ignition CA50 model for a diesel engine utilizing variable valve actuation." International Journal of Engine Research 18, no. 8 (December 1, 2016): 847–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087416678510.

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Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) is a promising combustion strategy for reducing in-cylinder NOx and particulate matter formation in diesel engines without incurring fuel penalty. However, one of the challenges in PCCI implementation is that the process does not allow direct control of the combustion timing. The crank angle of 50% heat release, known as the CA50, is generally a reasonable proxy for the quality of combustion in terms of maximum pressure rise rate, combustion noise, and fuel conversion efficiency. This paper outlines the development, and validation, of a real-time capable estimation strategy for diesel-fueled PCCI CA50 using production-viable measurements that do not include in-cylinder pressure. The CA50 estimation strategy considers both stages of diesel-fueled PCCI combustion—low-temperature heat release and high-temperature heat release, which contributes most to the cumulative heat released during combustion. The strategy is validated using a PCCI CA50 dataset generated with a wide range of positions of a variable geometry turbocharge, exhaust gas recirculation fractions, and intake valve closing timings. The model estimates CA50 within ±2 CAD for 65 out of 80 data points and exhibits an error standard deviation of 2.55 CAD.

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5

Xiao, Sen Lin, Wan Chen Sun, Jia Kun Du, Guo Liang Li, and Man Zhi Tan. "Influence of Compression Ratio, EGR Rate and Main Injection Fuel Quantity on Combustion and Emissions in a PCCI Diesel Engine." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1386.

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In this study, simulation model on combustion process of a diesel engine was developed and the results were validated by experiments. Then the compression ignition was switched into PCCI (Premixed Charge Compression Ignition) in order to understand the effects of individual parameters on PCCI combustion and provide the reference for the further studies of testing and simulation. The results illustrate that the lower compression ratio extends the ignition delay and enhances fuel-air mixing and improves PCCI combustion. In addition, the oxygen concentration in cylinder is highly diluted as the EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) rate increases and the NOx (Oxides of nitrogen) emissions are effectively depressed as EGR rate over 30%. Moreover, the reduction of main injection fuel quantity results in a decrease reactivity and peak heat release rate in combustion.

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6

Liang, Xingyu, Zhiwei Zheng, Hongsheng Zhang, Yuesen Wang, and Hanzhengnan Yu. "A Review of Early Injection Strategy in Premixed Combustion Engines." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (September 7, 2019): 3737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183737.

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Due to the increasing awareness of environmental protection, limitations on exhaust emissions of diesel engines have become increasingly stringent. This challenges diesel engine manufacturers to find a new balance between engine performance and emissions. Advanced combustion modes for diesel engines, such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI), which can simultaneously reduce exhaust emissions and substantially improve thermal efficiency, have drawn increasing attention. In order to allow enough time to prepare the homogeneous mixture, the early injection strategy has been utilized widely in HCCI and PCCI diesel engines. This paper is aimed at providing a comprehensive review of the effects of early injection parameters on the performance and emissions of HCCI and PCCI engines fueled by both diesel and alternative fuels. Various early injection parameters, including injection pressure, injection timing, and injection angle, are discussed. In addition, the effect of the blending ratio of alternative fuels is also summarized. Every change in parameters has its own advantages and disadvantages, which are explained in detail in order to help researchers choose the best early injection parameters for HCCI and PCCI engines.

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7

Jeftić, Marko, Shui Yu, Xiaoye Han, Graham T. Reader, Meiping Wang, and Ming Zheng. "Effects of Postinjection Application with Late Partially Premixed Combustion on Power Production and Diesel Exhaust Gas Conditioning." Journal of Combustion 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/891096.

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The effects of postinjection with late partially premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) were investigated with respect to diesel exhaust gas conditioning and potential power production. Initial tests comparing postinjection application with PCCI to that with conventional diesel high temperature combustion (HTC) indicated the existence of similar trends in terms of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburned hydrocarbon (THC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and smoke emissions. However, postinjection in PCCI cycles exhibited lower NOxand smoke but higher CO and THC emissions. With PCCI operation, the use of postinjection showed much weaker ability for raising the exhaust gas temperature compared to HTC. Additional PCCI investigations generally showed increasing CO and THC, relatively constant NOx, and decreasing smoke emissions, as the postinjection was shifted further from top dead center (TDC). Decreasing the overall air-to-fuel ratio resulted in increased hydrogen content levels but at the cost of increased smoke, THC and CO emissions. The power production capabilities of early postinjection, combined with PCCI, were investigated and the results showed potential for early postinjection power production.

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8

Li, Wei, Wen Wang, and Wei Peng Wu. "Experimental Investigation on Compound Combustion of Partial Premixed Charge Compression Ignition – Direct Injection Engine Fueled with Dimethyl Ether." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.165.

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In order to enlarge the operating range at HCCI mode and explore the scientific methods to realize the ultra-low emission with DME as alternative fuel. Experimental investigation on the realization of PCCI-DI combustion is carried out on a single cylinder and naturally aspirated direct injection diesel engine. The method to achieve the PCCI-DI mode is that feeding part of DME into intake pipe to produce Pre-mixed homogeneous mixture and injecting the other part of the DME fuel into the combustion chamber by the original fuel injection device in the late stage of compression stroke. Results indicate that the engine can be operated at a wider range of speeds and loads at PCCI-DI mode. The brake thermal efficiency increases and NOx emission reduces. However, HC and CO emission increase. It is also indicated from experiments that NOx, HC and CO emission increase with an increase of DME premixed quantity. Furthermore, the optimum fuel supply advance angle for PCCI-DI mode could be delayed 6~8 °CA on the base of DME DI mode.

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9

Ji, Qian, Jie Li, Jingshan Wang, Ping Sun, and Pengcheng Wu. "Simulation analysis of the effects of methanol-polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers blends on combustion and emissions of a PCCI engine." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 03022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125203022.

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The effects of methanol/polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE) mixture with different blending ratios on premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion and emission performance have been researched through the anlysis of CFD software CONVERGE. Premixed combustion is achieved by a single early injection of fuel into the cylinder. The results show that the combustion start point delays and the peak pressure decreases with the increase of methanol blend ratio. The effects of injection timing on the combustion and emission characteristics of PCCI were studied by using a mixture of the same proportion of methanol. The results show that the advance of injection time leads to more homogeneous mixture and higher peak heat release. But too early injection reduces the temperature in the cylinder and makes the combustion worse, resulting in the increase of HC, soot and CO emissions. NOx emissions decrease with the advance of the injection time.

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10

Eguz, U., L. M. T. Somers, C. A. J. Leermakers, and L. P. H. De Goey. "Multi-zone modelling of PCCI combustion." International Journal of Vehicle Design 55, no. 1 (2011): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.2011.038047.

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11

Kinikar, Hemant A., A. B. Kanasepatil, and S. S. Thipse. "Influence of different biodiesel fuels on the PCCI-DI combustion concept for constant speed genset application." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1042, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1042/1/012001.

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Abstract Homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a technology for concurrently reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matters (PM) emissions. Since, the pure HCCI lags in control over combustion phasing, Pre-mixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) method is proposed. To achieve partial homogeneity in PCCI combustion, the air is pre-injected with fuel. The main injection is required for the combination to take place. This paper investigates the impact of using the varying percentages and types of bio-diesels for the constant speed genset application engine. The paper first discus the effect of various ratios of diesel and biodiesel mixtures on the performance parameters like engine power, specific fuel consumption (sfc) and the break thermal efficiency. These effects are caused by the combustion happening inside the combustion chamber which can be seen in pressure, temperature and heat release curves. The result of the simulation finally discusses the formation of NOx and PM emissions during the combustion. These results also provide guidelines for actual testing of the engine with bio-diesel.

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12

Prikhodko, Vitaly Y., Josh A. Pihl, Sam A. Lewis, and James E. Parks. "Hydrocarbon Fouling of SCR During PCCI Combustion." SAE International Journal of Engines 5, no. 3 (April 16, 2012): 947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1080.

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13

Kanda, Tomohiro, and Yuichi Shimasaki. "F02(4) PCCI Combustion for Diesel Engine." Reference Collection of Annual Meeting 2006.8 (2006): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjsm.2006.8.0_166.

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14

Saijyo, K., T. Kojima, and K. Nishiwaki. "Computational fluid dynamics analysis of the effect of mixture heterogeneity on combustion process in a premixed charge compression ignition engine." International Journal of Engine Research 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808705x30585.

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We analyzed the interrelationships between mixture heterogeneity and reaction in a premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion, using large eddy simulation (LES) in conjunction with a reaction kinetics model. The aim of this analysis is to find the statistical characteristics of the mixture heterogeneity in a turbulent flowfield for moderating the PCCI combustion and for increasing an output limit, which is restricted by a severe knock. Several different initial conditions of heterogeneity of an air-fuel or air-fuel-EGR gas mixture were given at the intake valve closing time by a new method, which generated statistically reasonable turbulent fluctuations in both velocity and fuel mass fraction fields. The autoignition and combustion behaviours were analysed for several different sets of the r.m.s. and the length scale of the fluctuations in the fuel mass fraction. The analyses show that the combination of a larger r.m.s. value and a longer-length scale of the fluctuations in fuel mass fraction is effective to slow the combustion in a hot flame reaction phase and to avoid knocking. The analytical results also show that the heterogeneous distribution of an EGR gas has a considerable effect in making the combustion slower, even when a fuel-air mixture is homogeneous.

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15

Jirawongnuson, Sirichai, Worathep Wachirapan, Tul Suthiprasert, and Ekathai Wirojsakunchai. "A Parametric Study of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Performance on CO Reduction in Diesel Dual Fuel Engine Exhaust." Key Engineering Materials 656-657 (July 2015): 538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.656-657.538.

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In this research study, a synthetic exhaust gas system is employed to simulate various exhaust conditions similar to those from conventional diesel and Dual Fuel-Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (DF-PCCI) combustion. OEM DOC is tested to compare the effectiveness of reducing CO from both exhaust characteristics. Variations of the temperature and the concentration of CO, THC, and O2 are done to investigate DOC performance on CO reductions according to Design of Experiment (DOE) concept. The results showed that in DF-PCCI exhaust conditions, DOC requires higher exhaust gas temperature as well as O2 concentration to reduce CO emissions.

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16

Ishiyama, Takuji, and Naoto Horibe. "Characteristics and Problems of Diesel-base PCCI Combustion." Marine Engineering 47, no. 6 (2012): 859–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.47.859.

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17

SAKAI, Atsushi, Hiroyuki TAKEYAMA, Hideyuki OGAWA, and Noboru MIYAMOTO. "Improvements in PCCI Combustion and Emissions with Lower Distillation Temperature Fuels(HCCI, Combustion Processes I)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2004.6 (2004): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2004.6.221.

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18

Bao, Zhichao, Weikang Pan, Yinzhe Gu, Naoto Horibe, Hiroshi Kawanabe, and Takuji Ishiyama. "Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Combined PCCI and Conventional Diesel Combustion." International Journal of Automotive Engineering 10, no. 4 (2019): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20485/jsaeijae.10.4_340.

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19

HARADA, Yoshimitsu, Yasutaka KITAMURA, Sung-Sub KEE, Hiroshi KAWANABE, and Takuji ISHIYAMA. "109 Application of Stochastic Ignition-Combustion Model to DI-PCCI Combustion." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2006.81 (2006): _1–15_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2006.81._1-15_.

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20

Kim, Yungjin, Eiji Tomita, and Kihyung Lee. "Effects of ethanol added fuel on exhaust emissions and combustion in a premixed charge compression ignition diesel engine." Thermal Science 19, no. 6 (2015): 1887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci140831120k.

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The use of diesel engines for vehicle has been increasing recently due to its higher thermal efficiency and lower CO2 emission level. However, in the case of diesel engine, NOx increases in a high temperature combustion region and particulate matter is generated in a fuel rich region. Therefore, the technique of PCCI (premixed charge compression ignition) is often studied to get the peak combustion temperature down and to make a better air-fuel mixing. However it also has got a limited operating range and lower engine power produced by the wall wetting and the difficulty of the ignition timing control. In this research, the effect of injection strategies on the injected fuel behavior, combustion and emission characteristics in a PCCI engine were investigated to find out the optimal conditions for fuel injection, and then ethanol blended diesel fuel was used to control the ignition timing. As a result, the combustion pressures and ROHR (rate of heat release) of the blended fuel became lower, however, IMEP showed fewer differences. Especially in the case of triple injection, smoke could be reduced a little and NOx emission decreased a lot by using the ethanol blended fuel simultaneously without much decreasing of IMEP compared to the result of 100% diesel fuel.

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21

Li, Wei, Yun Peng Li, and Fan Bin Li. "Experimental Research on Combustion Characteristics of PCCI–DI Engine Fueled with Dimethyl Ether." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1372.

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The use of clean alternative fuel and new combustion mode is one of the most effective methods of further reduction of NOx and smoke emissions at diesel engine. High thermal efficiency and ultra-low NOx and PM emission of engine in HCCI combustion mode can be realized at low and medium load. However, some problems such as hard control of ignition timing and narrow operating range still exist.For the sake of expanding the operating range of HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) engines and explore the scientific methods to realize the ultra-low emission with DME (Dimethyl Ether) as alternative fuel. Experimental Research on the characteristics of PCCI-DI (Partial Premixed Charge Compression Ignition – Direct Injection) combustion is carried out on a single cylinder and naturally aspirated direct injection diesel engine. Results indicate that PCCI-DI DME engine has lower peak cylinder pressure and lesser rise rate of pressure. The engine also shows up an obvious two-stage heat-release characteristic. Compared with HCCI DME engine, peak value of two heat-releases reduces, the position of the first peak almost has no change and the position of the second peak shifts to the position later than TDC (Top Dead Center).

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22

Sakai, A., H. Takeyama, H. Ogawa, and N. Miyamoto. "Improvements in premixed charge compression ignition combustion and emissions with lower distillation temperature fuels." International Journal of Engine Research 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808705x58288.

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The charge mixture in a premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) engine with direct in-cylinder injection early in the compression stroke is still heterogeneous even at the compression end. Direct injection of a low-volatility fuel, such as diesel fuel, early in the compression stroke results in adhesion of unevaporated fuel on the cylinder liner wall. It may be possible to improve both mixture formation and homogeneity, and decrease wall wetting by using higher-volatility fuels with distillation temperatures lower than the in-cylinder gas temperature early in the compression stroke. This research addressed the potential for improvements in early direct injection type PCCI combustion with a higher-volatility fuel, experimentally and computationally. A normal heptane + isooctane blended fuel with ignitability similar to diesel fuel in PCCI operation was used as the higher-volatility fuel. The experimental results showed that the deterioration in thermal efficiency that occurs with advanced injection timings with ordinary diesel fuel could be eliminated with the higher-volatility fuel without significantly altering the total hydrocarbons (THC) and CO emissions. With early injection timings, the rate of heat release with diesel fuel is smaller than with higher-volatility fuels. This result suggests that with diesel fuel there is significant fuel adhesion to the cylinder liner wall and also absorption into the lubricating oil.

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23

Drews, P., T. Albin, K. Hoffmann, A. anegas, Felsch, N. Peters, and D. Abel. "Model-Based Optimal Control for PCCI Combustion Engines." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 43, no. 7 (July 2010): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20100712-3-de-2013.00154.

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24

Egüz, Ulaş, Niels Leermakers, Bart Somers, and Philip de Goey. "Modeling of PCCI combustion with FGM tabulated chemistry." Fuel 118 (February 2014): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.10.073.

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25

Fukushima, Naoya, Makito Katayama, Yoshitsugu Naka, Tsutomu Oobayashi, Masayasu Shimura, Yuzuru Nada, Mamoru Tanahashi, and Toshio Miyauchi. "Combustion regime classification of HCCI/PCCI combustion using Lagrangian fluid particle tracking." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 35, no. 3 (2015): 3009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.059.

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26

KITAMURA, Yasutaka, Naoto HORIBE, Yoshimitsu HARADA, Sung-Sub KEE, Hiroshi KAWANABE, and Takuji ISHIYAMA. "4732 Development of Stochastic Ignition-Combustion Model for Direct-Injection PCCI Combustion." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2006.3 (2006): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2006.3.0_291.

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27

Chin, Gregory T., J. Y. Chen, Vi H. Rapp, and R. W. Dibble. "Development and Validation of a Reduced DME Mechanism Applicable to Various Combustion Modes in Internal Combustion Engines." Journal of Combustion 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/630580.

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A 28-species reduced chemistry mechanism for Dimethyl Ether (DME) combustion is developed on the basis of a recent detailed mechanism by Zhao et al. (2008). The construction of reduced chemistry was carried out with automatic algorithms incorporating newly developed strategies. The performance of the reduced mechanism is assessed over a wide range of combustion conditions anticipated to occur in future advanced piston internal combustion engines, such as HCCI, SAHCCI, and PCCI. Overall, the reduced chemistry gives results in good agreement with those from the detailed mechanism for all the combustion modes tested. While the detailed mechanism by Zhao et al. (2008) shows reasonable agreement with the shock tube autoignition delay data, the detailed mechanism requires further improvement in order to better predict HCCI combustion under engine conditions.

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28

Peters, N., K. Hoffmann, C. Felsch, and D. Abel. "A Dynamic Simulation Strategy for PCCI Combustion Control Design." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 66, no. 4 (May 9, 2011): 549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2011102.

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29

Alemayehu, Getachew, Ramesh Babu Nallamothu, Deresse Firew, and Rajendiran Gopal. "Experimental Investigation on Impact of EGR Configuration on Exhaust Emissions in Optimized PCCI-DI Diesel Engine." Journal of Engineering 2022 (April 11, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5688842.

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The main objective of this work is to analyse the impact of different EGR configurations (no EGR, cold EGR, and hot EGR) on exhaust emissions of PCCI-DI engine. Methanol port injection, dieseline direct injection, advanced injection timing, and different EGR rates were adapted and optimized on the baseline engine. A hybrid algorithm of grey relational analysis with the Taguchi method was implemented for optimization. Results were compared among the PCCI-DI combustion strategy with the baseline using cold EGR, hot EGR, and no EGR configurations. Both cold and hot EGR configurations resulted in lower emission of NOx plus smoke at different loads. At low loads, hot EGR showed promising results of lower HC and CO than the cold EGR with a difference of 18.33% and 33.3%, respectively. NOx and smoke reductions simultaneously and better trade-offs were obtained using cold EGR configuration.

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30

Mei, Deqing, Qisong Yu, Zhengjun Zhang, Shan Yue, and Lizhi Tu. "Effects of Two Pilot Injection on Combustion and Emissions in a PCCI Diesel Engine." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061651.

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The effects of two pilot injections on combustion and emissions were evaluated in a single−cylinder turbocharged diesel engine, which operated in premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) modes with multiple injections and heavy exhaust gas recirculation under the low load by experiments and simulation. It was revealed that with the delay of the start of the first pilot injection (SOI−P1) or the advance of the start of second pilot injection (SOI−P2), respectively, the pressure, heat release rate (HRR), and temperature peak were all increased. Analysis of the combustion process indicates that, during the two pilot injection periods, the ignition timing was mainly determined by the SOI−P2 while the first released heat peak was influenced by SOI−P1. With the delay of SOI−P1 or the advance of SOI−P2, nitrogen oxide (NOx) generation increased significantly while soot generation varied a little. In addition, increasing Q1 and decreasing the second pilot injection quantity (Q2) can manipulate the NOx and soot at a low level. The advance in SOI−P2 of 5 °CA couple with increasing Q1 and reducing Q2 was proposed, which can mitigate the compromise between emissions and thermal efficiency under the low load in the present PCCI mode.

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31

Nishiwaki, Kazuie, and Takafumi Kojima. "OS-C1: The LES Analysis of the Effect of Mixture Heterogeneity on PCCI Combustion(OS-C The Role of Heterogeneity of mixture on HCCI and PCCI Combustion,Organized Session Papers)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2008.7 (2008): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2008.7.73.

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32

Tanahashi, Mamoru, Mamoto Sato, Akihiko Tsunemi, and Toshio Miyauchi. "OS-C2: DNS Approaches for Investigation of Turbulent Combustion in PCCI and HCCI Engines(OS-C The Role of Heterogeneity of mixture on HCCI and PCCI Combustion,Organized Session Papers)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2008.7 (2008): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2008.7.79.

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33

Ishiyama, T., H. Kawanabe, K. Ohashi, M. Shioji, and S. Nakai. "A study on premixed charge compression ignition combustion of natural gas with direct injection." International Journal of Engine Research 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808705x30459.

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In order to extend the available load range and obtain higher thermal efficiency in natural gas premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) engines, a strategy for controlling direct injection combustion is discussed. Experimental results from single-cylinder engine tests demonstrate the possibility to extend load range by direct fuel injection. Reduced nozzle orifice size and reduced injection angle provide higher combustion efficiency; however, this promotes the tendency to knock because of the formation of a locally rich mixture. Arising from discussions based on prediction by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, considering mixture heterogeneity, it is suggested that controlling probability density functions (PDFs) of fuel concentration could be a means to control the rate of pressure rise. Restricted air utilization is useful to activate combustion at low overall equivalence ratios; on the other hand, full utilization of in-cylinder air and formation of a quantity of lean mixture can provide mild combustion.

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34

Murata, Yutaka, Jin Kusaka, Yasuhiro Daisho, Daisuke Kawano, Hisakazu Suzuki, Hajime Ishii, and Yuichi Goto. "Miller-PCCI Combustion in an HSDI Diesel Engine with VVT." SAE International Journal of Engines 1, no. 1 (April 14, 2008): 444–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0644.

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35

Bao, Zhichao, Weikang Pan, Takuji Yokoyama, Kazuki Hirayama, Naoto Horibe, Hiroshi Kawanabe, and Takuji Ishiyama. "Study on Characteristics of Combined PCCI and Conventional Diesel Combustion." International Journal of Automotive Engineering 11, no. 2 (2020): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20485/jsaeijae.11.2_30.

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36

Peng, Zhijun, Bin Liu, Weiji Wang, and Lipeng Lu. "CFD Investigation into Diesel PCCI Combustion with Optimized Fuel Injection." Energies 4, no. 3 (March 18, 2011): 517–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en4030517.

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37

YAMAGUCHI, Kyohei, Yuto EIZUKA, Jin KUSAKA, Yasuhiro DAISHO, and Hisakazu SUZUKI. "The effect of premixed carbon monoxide on diesel PCCI combustion." Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 84, no. 867 (2018): 18–00279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.18-00279.

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38

Li, Wei, Yun Kun Xu, and Wen Wang. "Experimental Study on Emission Characteristics of the PCCI-Di Combustion with DME and Methanol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.633.

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The compound combustion of DME and methanol was realized in a four-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine by introducing a certain amount of DME into the manifold and injecting methanol into the cylinder using the injection system of the original engine. The effects of methanol injection timing and equivalence ratios of methanol and DME on the emissions characteristics of the compound combustion mode were experimental studied. The results showed that: methanol injection timing has greater impact on the emissions of compound combustion mode. When methanol is injected before 65oCABTDC, the engine shows HCCI combustion characteristics, the range of DME equivalence ratio is narrowed and the emission of HC is higher. When methanol is injected at 25oCABTDC, NOx emission amount is larger, while the HC and CO emission are lower. As Methanol injection timing is delayed to 5oCABTDC, CO emission increases sharply, but NOx and HC emissions are very low and not susceptible to the equivalence ratio of DME and methanol. Therefore, reasonable selection of methanol injection timing is the key to reducing the emissions of compound combustion mode.

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39

Elbanna, Ahmed Mohammed, Xiaobei Cheng, Can Yang, Medhat Elkelawy, and Hager Alam Elden. "Knock Recognition System in a PCCI Engine Powered by Diesel." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 15 (November 26, 2022): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v15i.2209.

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The measurement of engine vibrations components is used to identify combustion phases in a single-cylinder PCCI diesel engine in this work. A single channel Knock transducer was used to measure engine vibration caused by combustion pressure forces and knocking tendency. The transducer is used to obtain the engine's frequency spectrum in the temporal domain. Categorization discrete wavelet analysis is used to isolate the observed vibration data. Spectral analysis and filtration of fragmented sections of the source signal are used in this approach. Fast Fourier transforms (FFT) and short-time Fourier transform (STFT) are used to investigating the discrete parts of the observed signals (STFT). In order to study engine events, time is given in milliseconds in the time-frequency domain. The engine knocking is determined from the observed signal using time-frequency analysis. The outcomes reveal that the engine events derived from vibration signals are closely connected to the premixing fuel ratio, as expected.

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40

Murata, Yutaka, Yui Nishio, Jin Kusaka, Yasuhiro Daisho, Daisuke Kawano, Hisakazu Suzuki, Hajime Ishii, and Yuichi Goto. "HC4-2: Numerical Analysis of Miller-PCCI Combustion on a Dynamic φ-T Map(HC: HCCI Combustion,General Session Papers)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2008.7 (2008): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2008.7.343.

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41

Ishiyama, Takuji, Hiroshi Kawanabe, Kenji Ohashi, Masahiro Shioji, and Shunsaku Nakai. "A Study on PCCI Combustion of Natural Gas with Direct Injection(HCCI, Natural Gas)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2004.6 (2004): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2004.6.255.

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42

NAKASUJI, Toshiki, and Takafumi KOJIMA. "1414 Numerical Analysis for CO Emission Reduction in Diesel PCCI Combustion." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2013.51 (2013): _1414–1_—_1414–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2013.51._1414-1_.

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43

SAKAI, Atsushi, Hiroyuki TAKEYAMA, Hideyuki OGAWA, and Noboru MIYAMOTO. "Improvements in PCCI Combustion and Emissions with Lower Distillation-temperature Fuels." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2003.3 (2003): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2003.3.0_87.

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44

YOKOYAMA, Takuji, Weikang PAN, Zhichao BAO, Naoto HORIBE, Hiroshi KAWANABE, and Takuji ISHIYAMA. "Effect of Fuel Property on Combined PCCI and Conventional Diesel Combustion." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2019.94 (2019): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2019.94.412.

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45

Leermakers, C. A. J., C. C. M. Luijten, L. M. T. Somers, L. P. H. De Goey, and B. A. Albrecht. "Experimental study on the impact of operating conditions on PCCI combustion." International Journal of Vehicle Design 62, no. 1 (2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.2013.051611.

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46

Struckmeier, Daniel, Daisuke Tsuru, Satoshi Kawauchi, Shinnosuke Osafune, and Hiroshi Tajima. "HC4-1: Visualization of the PCCI Combustion of Light Cycle Oil (LCO) in Diesel Engines(HC: HCCI Combustion,General Session Papers)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2008.7 (2008): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2008.7.335.

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47

Kawanabe, Hiroshi, and Takuji Ishiyama. "HC3-2 CFD Analysis of the Combustion Process and Emission Characteristics for a DI-PCCI Engine(HC: HCCI Combustion,General Session Papers)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2012.8 (2012): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2012.8.440.

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48

Splitter, Derek, Sage Kokjohn, Keith Rein, Reed Hanson, Scott Sanders, and Rolf D. Reitz. "An Optical Investigation of Ignition Processes in Fuel Reactivity Controlled PCCI Combustion." SAE International Journal of Engines 3, no. 1 (April 12, 2010): 142–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0345.

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49

Su, Wanhua, and Haozhong Huang. "Study of Fuel Distribution on Diesel PCCI Combustion by Development of a New Characteristic-Time Combustion Model." SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 1, no. 1 (June 23, 2008): 957–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-1605.

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Singh, Akhilendra Pratap, Vikram Kumar, and Avinash Kumar Agarwal. "Evaluation of comparative engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics of low temperature combustion (PCCI and RCCI) modes." Applied Energy 278 (November 2020): 115644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115644.

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