Journal articles on the topic 'PCCDs'
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Knops, Simon P., Marcel P. J. M. van Riel, Richard H. M. Goossens, Esther M. M. van Lieshout, Peter Patka, and Inger B. Schipper. "Measurements of the Exerted Pressure by Pelvic Circumferential Compression Devices." Open Orthopaedics Journal 4, no. 1 (February 17, 2010): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001004010101.
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Background: Data on the efficacy and safety of non-invasive Pelvic Circumferential Compression Devices (PCCDs) is limited. Tissue damage may occur if a continuous pressure on the skin exceeding 9.3 kPa is sustained for more than two or three hours. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the pressure build-up at the interface, by measuring the PCCD-induced pressure when applying pulling forces to three different PCCDs (Pelvic Binder®, SAM-Sling® and T-POD®) in a simplified model. Methods: The resulting exerted pressures were measured at four ‘anatomical’ locations (right, left, posterior and anterior) in a model using a pressure measurement system consisting of pressure cuffs. Results: The exerted pressure varied substantially between the locations as well as between the PCCDs. Maximum pressures ranged from 18.9-23.3 kPa and from 19.2-27.5 kPa at the right location and left location, respectively. Pressures at the posterior location stayed below 18 kPa. At the anterior location pressures varied markedly between the different PCCDs. Conclusion: The circmferential compression by the different PCCDs showed high pressures measured at the four locations using a simplified model. Difference in design and functional characteristics of the PCCDs resulted in different pressure build-up at the four locations. When following the manufacturer’s instructions, the exerted pressure of all three PCCDs tested exceeded the tissue damaging level (9.3 kPa). In case of prolonged use in a clinical situation this might put patients at risk for developing tissue damage.
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Huangfu, Huihui, Qinwen Yu, Peiwu Shi, Qunhong Shen, Zhaoyang Zhang, Zheng Chen, Chuan Pu, et al. "The Impacts of Regional Regulatory Policies on the Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases in China: A Mediation Analysis." Healthcare 9, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9081058.
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Regional regulatory policies (RPs) are a major factor in the prevention and control of chronic diseases (PCCDs) through the implementation of various measures. This study aimed to explore the impacts of RPs on PCCDs, with a focus on the mediating roles of community service. The soundness of the regulatory mechanism (SORM) was used to measure the soundness of RPs based on 1095 policy documents (updated as of 2015). Coverage provided by community service institutions (CSIs) and community health centres (CHCs) was used to represent community service coverage derived from the China Statistical Yearbook (2015), while the number of chronic diseases (NCDs) was used to measure the effects of PCCDs based on data taken from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study survey. To assess the relationship between SORM, NCDs and community service, a negative binomial regression model and mediation analysis with bootstrapping were conducted. Results revealed that there was a negative correlation between SORM and NCDs. CSIs had a major effect on the relationship between RPs and PCCDs, while CHCs had a partial mediating effect. RPs can effectively prevent and control chronic diseases. Increased effort should also be aimed at strengthening the roles of CSIs and CHCs.
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Kuner, Valerie, Nicole van Veelen, Stephanie Studer, Bryan Van de Wall, Jürgen Fornaro, Michael Stickel, Matthias Knobe, Reto Babst, Frank J. P. Beeres, and Björn-Christian Link. "Application of Pelvic Circumferential Compression Devices in Pelvic Ring Fractures—Are Guidelines Followed in Daily Practice?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10061297.
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Early administration of a pelvic circumferential compression device (PCCD) is recommended for suspected pelvic trauma. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of PCCD in patients with pelvic fractures assigned to the resuscitation room (RR) of a Level I trauma center. Furthermore, correct application of the PCCD as well as associated injuries with potential clinical sequelae were assessed. All patients with pelvic fractures assigned to the RR of a level one trauma center between 2016 and 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. Presence and position of the PCCD on the initial trauma scan were assessed and rated. Associated injuries with potential adverse effects on clinical outcome were analysed. Seventy-seven patients were included, of which 26 (34%) had a PCCD in place. Eighteen (23%) patients had an unstable fracture pattern of whom ten (56%) had received a PCCD. The PCCD was correctly placed in four (15%) cases, acceptable in 12 (46%) and incorrectly in ten (39%). Of all patients with pelvic fractures (n = 77, 100%) treated in the RR, only one third (n = 26, 34%) had a PCCD. In addition, 39% of PCCDs were positioned incorrectly. Of the patients with unstable pelvic fractures (n = 18, 100%), more than half either did not receive any PCCD (n = 8, 44%) or had one which was inadequately positioned (n = 2, 11 %). These results underline that preclinical and clinical education programs on PCCD indication and application should be critically reassessed.
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Bryson, D. J., R. Davidson, and R. Mackenzie. "Pelvic circumferential compression devices (PCCDs): a best evidence equipment review." European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 38, no. 4 (March 2, 2012): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00068-012-0180-3.
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Bryson, D. J., R. Prest, and R. Mackenzie. "Pelvic circumferential compression devices (PCCDs): A best evidence equipment review." Injury Extra 42, no. 9 (September 2011): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.06.282.
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Syed, Daneyal, Debra Hoppensteadt, Daniel Kahn, Job Harenberg, and Jawed Fareed. "Oral Anti-Factor Xa and Factor IIa Agent Mediated Inhibition Of Tissue-Factor Mediated Generation Of Thrombin In Prothrombin Complex Concentrates." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 4810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4810.4810.
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Introduction Several oral anti-factor IIa and factor Xa agents have recently been developed. These include the thrombin inhibitors Ximelagatran/Melagatran (M) and Dabigatran Etexilate/Dabigatran (D), which require endogenous conversion to the active agents D and M. The factor Xa inhibitors, Rivaroxaban (R) and Apixaban (A), are anti-Xa agents that do not require any endogenous activation. Ximelagatran was withdrawn from the market due to adverse reactions. Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, and Apixaban are approved for various clinical indications. Antagonism of the anticoagulant effect may be required in bleeding complications. Contradictory results were reported for the efficacy of various prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) with these new oral anticoagulants (NOACs). The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the thrombin generation inhibitory profiles of the newer oral anticoagulant agents. Methods Commercially available PCCs namely Octaplex and Beriplex, were used as a source of Factors II, VII, IX and X. To investigate the effect of each of these agents, a working solution of 1U/ml of both PCCs were supplemented in a graded concentration of 0-1250ng/ml with M, D, R and A. Thrombin generation studies were carried out using a thromboplastin activator (RC High, Technoclone Vienna, Austria). Total thrombin generated was measured in terms of nM’s. The IC-50 for each agent was calculated individually. The time course of thrombin generation was also measured following the kinetic profiles and AUC. Results Dabigatran and Melagatran produced relatively weaker inhibition of thrombin generation with the IC-50 values ranging from 410-110ng/ml in Beriplex and 350-1120ng/ml in Octaplex. Both Rivaroxaban and Apixaban produced strong inhibition of thrombin generation, with the IC-50 ranging from 58-62ng/ml in Octaplex; whereas, in Beriplex these values ranged from 48-50ng/ml. The onset time for thrombin generation and total thrombin formation was concentration dependent. The kinetics of thrombin generation with A and R were distinct from D and M. At concentrations below 310ng/ml the total amount of thrombin generated was comparable to the control; however, its formation was delayed. In both systems, D exhibited the weakest thrombin generation inhibitory potential. While the onset time of thrombin generation was delayed at concentrations below 310ng/ml the levels were comparable to or higher than the control. Discussion This data suggests that PCC’s such as Octaplex and Beriplex can be used to generate thrombin and it’s inhibition by new oral anticoagulant drugs. Octaplex generates much higher amount of thrombin than Beriplex at equivalent units. These results also show that in comparison to the oral anti-Xa agents, the oral anti-IIa agents are relatively weaker inhibitors of thrombin generation. These studies also suggest that the differential inhibition of the generation of thrombin through tissue factor by the anti-Xa and IIa agents may contribute to the potential neutralization profile of PCC’s for these drugs. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Su, Yi Guo, Yue Meng, Yue Ban, and Xiao Jing Wang. "Study on the Electron Excitation for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Several Aromatic Substances by DFT Method." Advanced Materials Research 282-283 (July 2011): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.282-283.17.
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The electronic excitations and electron absorption spectra of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) were investigated by the time-dependent density functional theory (/DFT). The main spectral features were interpreted on the basis of the electronic structure of PCDDs by fully considering the possible interference of coexist organic molecules for the electron spectra. With the numbers of benzene rings in aromatic molecules increasing, the excitation energies decrease. The excitation energies of the compounds with three or four benzene rings (phenanthrene or fluoranthene) fall into the electronic transition regions of PCDDs. Therefore these compounds were not possible differentiate from the electron spectra of PCDDs. Furthermore, with the amounts of benzene rings extending to surpass three and four, the energies decease continuously and run beyond of the transition energy ranges of PCDDs. Thus the electron excitation energies of those aromatic molecules with three or four benzene rings were in the range of PCDDs, acting as the possible interferential substances for the detecting of PCDDs.
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Vácha, R., M. Vysloužilová, and V. Horváthová. "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxines and dibenzofurans in agricultural soils of the Czech Republic." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 10 (November 19, 2011): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3618-pse.
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The set of 102 samples of agricultural soils was taken for the study of the load of agricultural soils with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuranes (PCDDs/Fs). The background value of PCDDs/Fs in agricultural soils of theCzech Republicwas determined. The soils with different sources of the load of PCDDs/Fs were compared. It was concluded that fluvisols in fluvial zones and soils with long-term sludge application are soils with the highest contents of PCDDs/Fs. The soils affected by imission outputs show a lower intensity of the load with PCDDs/Fs that is characterised by higher content of toxic congeners.
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Huang, Ling-Hui, Lian-Shin Lin, Chun-Li Wang, Yu-Chen Chang, Lung-Chun Lee, Chung-Chieh Hu, Pi-Shan Hsu, and Wei-Min Chu. "Palliative Care Consultation Services on Terminally Ill Cancer Patients and Non-Cancer Patients: Trend Analysis from a 9-Year-Long Observational Study in Taiwan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 19, 2021): 9882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189882.
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Early integration of palliative care for terminally ill cancer and non-cancer patients improves quality of life. However, there are sparse data on results of palliative care consultation services (PCCS) between cancer and non-cancer patients. In this 9-year observational study, data were collected from the Hospice-Palliative Clinical Database (HPCD) of Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TCVGH). Terminally ill cancer and non-cancer patients who received PCCS during 2011 to 2019 were enrolled. Trend analysis was performed to evaluate differences in outcomes of PCCS, including duration of PCCS, the awareness of disease of patients and families before and after PCCS, status of PCCS termination, and DNR declaration before and after PCCS among cancer and non-cancer patients throughout study period. In total, 5223 cancer patients and 536 non-cancer patients received PCCS from 2011 to 2019. The number of people who received PCCS increased stably over the decade, both for cancer and non-cancer patients. The average duration of PCCS for cancer and non-cancer patients was 21.4 days and 18.4 days, respectively. Compared with non-cancer patients, cancer patients had longer duration of PCCS, less DNR declaration (82% vs. 98%, respectively), and more transfers to the palliative care unit (17% vs. 11%, respectively), or for palliative home care (12% vs.8%, respectively). Determinants of late referral to PCCS includes age (OR 0.992, 95% CI 0.987–0.996), DNR declaration after PCCS (OR 1.967, 95% CI 1.574–2.458), patients’ awareness after PCCS (OR 0.754, 95% CI 0.635–0.895), and status of PCCS termination. This 9-year observational study showed that the trend of PCCS among cancer and non-cancer patients had changed over the duration of the study, and early integration of PCCS to all patients is essential for both cancer and non-cancer patients.
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Sadeghi, Nasir, Daniel Kahn, Josephine Cunanan, Arthur Only, Debra Hoppensteadt, Walter Jeske, Omer Iqbal, Job Harenberg, and Jawed Fareed. "Compositional Differences in Commercially Available Prothrombin Complex Concentrates." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 4391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4391.4391.
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Abstract Abstract 4391 Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are used in the management of bleeding complications with conventional oral anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin. These concentrates are also used in supportive therapy for hemostatic disorders. More recently these agents have been investigated for neutralization of the newer oral anticoagulant drugs such as the direct factor Xa and thrombin inhibitors. Since the activation of these complexes results in the generation of factor Xa and IIa, these agents may potentially neutralize both Xa and thrombin inhibitors. However, the potency of these agents is defined in units which represent the level of factor IX, other factors including factor II, VII, and X are also present, and in unspecified amounts. Moreover, other vitamin K-dependent proteins such as protein C, protein S, and protein Z may also be present. Varying amounts of albumin and other agent such as heparin and antithrombin may also be present as an additive. The purpose of this study is to compare the compositions of the currently available PCCs such as Profilnine®, Beriplex®, Cofact®, Octaplex®, Prothromplex®, and the older agents such as Konyne®, Preconetiv®, and Feiba®. Materials and Methods: Commercially available PCCs were obtained from various suppliers. Each of the individual vials of these concentrates was diluted with saline to obtain a 10 U/ml factor IX solution. Protein content was measured using Lowry's method. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis was carried out by dilution of each concentrates to 2 U/ml. Western blot analysis was performed to determine presence of prothrombin, prothrombin-1, and thrombin using anti-human recombinant thrombin antibody capable recognizing these proteins. Tissue factor activation profiles of each PCCs was also studied using Innovin®. The protein composition of native and activated prothrombin complexes was also investigated using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry utilizing the gold chip array (BioRad). Tissue factor mediated thrombin generation by each of the prothrombin complex was studied using a fluorometric method (Technoclone, Vienna, Austria). Results: The total protein content of these PCCs ranged from 18–106 mg/100U. Some of the products were found to contain varying amounts of albumin, antithrombin and heparin as evident in both SDS-PAGE and SELDI analysis. The SDS-PAGE profile of these complexes showed multiple protein bands ranging from 15 to 250 kDa. Beriplex and Profilnine showed fewer bands; Profilnine® mainly exhibited 250, 110, 75 kDa bands and Beriplex® mainly 75 and 66 kDa bands. The other products contain additional bands in the range of 15 to 66 kDa representing albumin and other products. In the SELDI analysis multiple peaks consistent with the SDS-PAGE profile were noted. The immunoblotting showed a major band 70–75 kDa (prothrombin) along with a 50 kDa band representing prethrombin-1. Prior to activation, Feiba® exhibited a distinct additional 37 kDa dense band, (thrombin). SELDI analysis also indicated variable amounts of prothrombin in the products. Upon activation all PCC's were capable of generating thrombin as measured by SELDI and immunoblotting. The prothrombin band completely disappears from all PCCs except Preconetiv®, the prevalent products being prethombin-1 and thrombin. The amount of the prethrombin-1 band varied widely among products; and nearly disappears from all as it is converted to thrombin with time of incubation. The amount of thrombin activity generated from each prothrombin complex was concentration dependent and ranged from 30–1044nm/1.25 units/ml. Octaplex and Cofact produced the strongest thrombin activity whereas Beriplex and Prothromplex produced the least thrombin activity. Conclusions: This study shows that despite standardization in factor IX units, at equivalent IX unit potency these agents widely vary in their composition. Beriplex® and Profilnine® represent purer preparations. Upon activation of prothrombin initiated by tissue factor each complex is capable of generating varying amounts of thrombin. Because of these wide variations in protease generation the relative neutralization potential of each of these PCCs may also differ widely. Thus each of these products should thus be considered as a distinct agent and their efficacies individually determined for a given indication. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Riaz, Ramish, Hira Waqar, Nasir M. Ahmad, and Shah Rukh Abbas. "Novel Magnetic Elastic Phase-Change Nanodroplets as Dual Mode Contrast Agent for Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Polymers 14, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 2915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142915.
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Recently, dual-mode imaging systems merging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) have been developed. Designing a dual-mode contrast agent is complex due to different mechanisms of enhancement. Herein, we describe novel phase change nanodroplets (PCNDs) with perfluoropentane encapsulated in a pre-polyglycerol sebacate (pre-PGS) shell loaded with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as having a dual-mode contrast agent effect. Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared via the chemical co-precipitation method and PCNDs were prepared via the solvent displacement technique. PCNDs showed excellent enhancement in the in vitro US much more than Sonovue® microbubbles. Furthermore, they caused a susceptibility effect resulting in a reduction of signal intensity on MRI. An increase in the concentration of nanoparticles caused an increase in the MR contrast effect but a reduction in US intensity. The concentration of nanoparticles in a shell of PCNDs was optimized to obtain a dual-mode contrast effect. Biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and immunogenicity assays showed that PCNDs were safe and non-immunogenic. Another finding was the dual-mode potential of unloaded PCNDs as T1 MR and US contrast agents. Results suggest the excellent potential of these PCNDs for use as dual-mode contrast agents for both MRI and US.
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Sandheimer, Christine, Cecilia Björkelund, Gunnel Hensing, Kirsten Mehlig, and Tove Hedenrud. "Implementation of a care manager organisation and its association with antidepressant medication patterns: a register-based study of primary care centres in Sweden." BMJ Open 11, no. 3 (March 2021): e044959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044959.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the implementation of a care manager organisation for common mental disorders and its association with antidepressant medication patterns on primary care centre (PCC) level, compared with PCCs without this organisation. Moreover, to determine whether a care manager organisation is associated with antidepressant medication patterns that is more in accordance with treatment guidelines.DesignRegister-based study on PCC level.SettingPrimary care in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden.ParticipantsAll PCCs in the region. PCCs were analysed in three subgroups: PCCs with a care manager organisation during 2015 and 2016 (n=68), PCCs without the organisation (n=92) and PCCs that shifted to a care manager organisation during 2016 (n=42).Outcome measuresProportion of inadequate medication users, defined as number of patients >18 years with a common mental disorder diagnosis receiving care at a PCC in the region during the study period and dispensed 1–179 defined daily doses (DDD) of antidepressants of total patients with at least 1 DDD. The outcome was analysed through generalised linear regression and a linear mixed-effects model.ResultsOverall, all PCCs had about 30%–34% of inadequate medication users. PCCs with a care manager organisation had significantly lower proportion of inadequate medication users in 2016 compared with PCCs without (−6.4%, p=0.02). These differences were explained by higher proportions in privately run PCCs. PCCs that shifted to a care manager organisation had a significant decrease in inadequate medication users over time (p=0.01).ConclusionsPublic PCCs had a more consistent antidepressant medication pattern compared with private PCCs that gained more by introducing a care manager organisation. It was possible to document a significant decrease in inadequate medication users, notwithstanding that PCCs in the region followed the guidelines to a comparatively high extent regardless of present care manager organisation.
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Rodrigues, Gustavo Henrique, Ivanete Susin, Alexandre Vaz Pires, Luiz Gustavo Nussio, Renato Shinkai Gentil, Evandro Maia Ferreira, Marcos Vinicius Biehl, and Michele Ferreira Ribeiro. "Desempenho, características da carcaça, digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, metabolismo de nitrogênio e parâmetros ruminais de cordeiros alimentados com rações contendo polpa cítrica úmida semidespectinada e/ou polpa cítrica desidratada." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 40, no. 10 (October 2011): 2252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982011001000027.
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O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da substituição parcial da polpa cítrica desidratada (PCD) pela polpa cítrica úmida semidespectinada in natura (PCUD), silagem de polpa cítrica úmida semidespectinada (PCUDS) ou silagem de polpa cítrica úmida semidespectinada adicionada de benzoato de sódio (PCUDS+B) sobre o desempenho, as características da carcaça, a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, os parâmetros ruminais e o metabolismo de nitrogênio. Na avaliação de desempenho, 64 cordeiros Santa Inês foram alimentados com rações contendo 95% de concentrado e 5% de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar in natura durante 56 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados (BCC). A dieta controle continha 69,5% de PCD e foi substituída em 30% na matéria seca (MS) pela PCUD, PCUDS ou PCUDS+B. Não houve diferença no consumo de MS, no ganho médio diário de peso e nas características das carcaças. No entanto, a eficiência alimentar dos cordeiros alimentados com PCUD foi maior que a daqueles alimentados com PCD. No ensaio de metabolismo, 16 borregos Santa Inês, canulados no rúmen, foram distribuídos em BCC e alimentados com rações contendo 85% de concentrado e 15% de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar in natura. A dieta controle continha 75,3% de PCD e foi substituída em 30% na MS pela PCUD, PCUDS ou PCUDS+B. Não houve diferença nos coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS, matéria orgânica e proteína bruta. O coeficiente de digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro, porém foi maior para a PCUD comparado à PCD. A concentração de amônia no fluido ruminal foi maior para as rações contendo PCD em comparação àquelas com PCUDS e PCUDS+B. No entanto, para os demais parâmetros ruminais não foi verificado efeito dos tratamentos. A PCUD in natura ou ensilada pode substituir parcialmente a PCD em rações com alta proporção de concentrado para cordeiros em confinamento.
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Zheng, Zhi, Ye Sun, Xiaolan Pan, and Lianpeng Zhang. "Failure Mechanism of Fiber-Reinforced Prestressed Concrete Containments under Internal Pressure Considering Different Fiber Types." Materials 16, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041463.
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Current investigations of performance improvement in prestressed concrete containment vessels (PCCVs) with fiber reinforcement are scarce, and the type of fiber to select for PCCVs is not explicitly stated. The failure mechanism of PCCVs with fiber reinforcement under internal pressure is investigated in this paper. The effects of different fiber types, including rigid fiber, flexible fiber, and hybrid fiber, are considered for the creation of fiber-reinforced PCCVs. The mechanical behavior between conventional and fiber-reinforced PCCVs is scientifically compared and identified. The results demonstrate that to achieve the aim of inhibiting early cracking of the concrete, any type of fiber can be taken into account. The performance of the ultimate pressure capacity and yielding of the liner can be promoted, respectively, by introducing steel, steel-PP, and steel-PVA fiber-reinforced concrete. Additionally, the failure regions can be controlled to a certain extent under ultimate internal pressure via the appropriate use of FRC.
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Omotayo, Temitope, Awuzie Bankole, and Ayokunle Olubunmi Olanipekun. "An Artificial Neural Network Approach to Predicting Most Applicable Post-Contract Cost Controlling Techniques in Construction Projects." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 5171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155171.
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The post-contract phase of the construction process remains critical to cost management. Several techniques have been used to facilitate effective cost management in this phase. However, the deployment of these techniques has not caused a reduction in the incidence of cost overruns hence casting doubts on their utility. The seeming underwhelming performance posted by these post-contract cost control techniques (PCCTs), has been traced to improper deployment by construction project managers (CPM) and quantity surveyors (QS). Utilizing the perspectives of CPM and QS professionals, as elicited through a survey, produced 135 samples. The instrumentality of the artificial neural networks (ANN) in this study enabled the development of a structured decision-support methodology for analysing the most appropriate PCCTs to be deployed to different construction process phases. Besides showcasing the utility of the emergent ANN-based decision support methodology, the study’s theoretical findings indicate that CPM and QS professionals influence decisions pertaining to PCCTs choice in distinct phases of the construction process. Whereas QS professionals were particularly responsible for the choice of PCCTs during the initial and mid-level phases, CPM professionals assumed responsibility for PCCTs selection during the construction process close-out phase. In construction cost management practice, the crucial PCCTs identifies more with the application of historical data and all cost monitoring approaches.
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Alonso, Daniela, and Silvina Brussino. "Political Culture and the Crisis of Democracy. An Analysis of Citizenship Motivations to Justify a Coup D’état in Argentina." Universitas Psychologica 20 (December 15, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy20.pccd.
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Latin American democracies are experiencing high instability, signed by economic and political crises and increasing social conflict. In this scenario, the continuity and further development of democracies are far from being granted. From a political psychology perspective, we are interested in understanding public motivations for justifying an authoritarian interruption of the democratic order. On a 454 Cordoba citizens sample (mean age= 37.3, SD=14.22; 52.7% women, 47.3% men), we conducted a Discriminant Analysis to identify the more relevant dimensions for classifying people according to their attitudes towards a coup d’état. Six variables constituted the linear discriminant function resulting from a stepwise procedure (λ = 0.67, X2 = 151.5, gl = 6, p = 0) and enabled to classify 77.3% of the cases correctly. Conservative, normative, and ideological orientations were the more relevant dimensions to predict the justification of a state coup. Additionally, we identified two different attitudinal profiles among the people who are willing to justify a coup, mainly differentiated by their ideological orientations through a two-step cluster analysis. We accounted for a small group of people who justify a non-democratic exit to the socio-political conflict based on progressive ideological attitudes more than conservative or authoritarian orientations. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Parr, T. J., H. G. Dietz, and W. E. Cohen. "PCCTS reference manual." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 27, no. 2 (February 1992): 88–165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/130973.130980.
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Baran, Agnieszka, Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek, Magdalena Urbaniak, Krzysztof Gondek, Marek Tarnawski, Magdalena Szara, and Marek Zieliński. "An assessment of the concentrations of PCDDs/Fs in contaminated bottom sediments and their sources and ecological risk." Journal of Soils and Sediments 20, no. 6 (November 14, 2019): 2588–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02492-3.
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Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to determine the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F), two types of persistent organic pollutant (POP), in an urban retention reservoir located in an industrial zone within a coal-mining region. It also assesses the potential ecological risk of the PCDDs/Fs present in bottom sediments and the relationship between their content and the fraction of organic matter. Materials and methods The sediment samples were collected from Rybnik Reservoir, located in the centre of the Rybnik Coal Region, Silesia, one of Poland’s major industrial centres. Seventeen PCDD/F congeners in the surface of the sediments were analysed using high-resolution gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Results and discussion The toxic equivalency (TEQ) of the PCDDs/Fs in the sediments ranged from 1.65 to 32.68 pg TEQ g−1. PCDDs constituted 59–78% of the total PCDDs/Fs, while the PCDFs accounted for 22–41%. The pattern of PCDD/F congeners in the sediments was dominated by OCDD. However, the second-most prevalent constituents were OCDF and ∑HpCDFs in the low TOC sediment (< 10 g TOC kg−1), but HpCDD in the rich TOC samples (> 10 g TOC kg−1). PCDD/F concentrations in the sediment samples were 2- to 38-fold higher than the sediment quality guidelines limit, indicating high ecological risk potential. Although a considerable proportion of PCDDs/Fs in the bottom sediments from the Rybnik Reservoir were derived from combustion processes, they were also obtained via transport, wastewater discharge, high-temperature processes and thermal electricity generation. The PCDD/F concentrations were significantly correlated with all fractions of organic matter; however, the strongest correlation coefficients were found between PCDDs/Fs and humic substances. Besides organic matter, the proportions of silt/clay fractions within sediments played an important role in the transport of PCDDs/Fs in bottom sediments. Conclusions The silt/clay fraction of the bottom sediments plays a dominant role in the movement of PCDDs/Fs, while the organic matter fraction affects their sorption. The results indicate that the environmental behaviour of PCDDs/Fs is affected by the quantity and quality of organic matter and the texture of sediments.
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Sofilic, T., J. Jendričko, Z. Kovačevic, and M. Ćosić. "Measurement of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran emission from EAF steel making proces." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 57, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0089-1.
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Electric arc furnace (EAF) steel manufacturing is an important recycling activity which contributes to the recovery of steel resources and steel scrap/waste minimization. Because of the content of plastics, coatings and paintings as well as other nonferrous materials in the charge during melting, a strong emission of pollutants, including polluting substance group consists of persistent organic pollutions (POPs) represented by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) occurs. This study was set out to investigate emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) from the stack of a new electric-arc furnace-dust treatment plant installed during modernisation of the Melt Shop in CMC SISAK d.o.o., Croatia. Obtained results have been compared with previously obtained results of PCDDs/Fs emission measurements from the old electric-arc furnace dust treatment without dust drop-out box, as well as quenching tower. The total PCDDs/Fs concentration in the stack off gases of both electric arc furnaces EAF A and EAF B were 0.2098 and 0.022603 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 respectively, and these results are close to previous obtained results by other authors. The calculated values of the emission factors for PCDDs/Fs calculated on the basis of measured PCDDs/Fs concentration in the stack off gases in 2008 and 2011 were 1.09 and 0.22 ng I-TEQ/ ton steel, respectively.
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Spronk, Henri M. H., Rolf Rossaint, Henskens M. C. Yvonne, Rene van Oerle, Hugo Ten Cate, and Oliver Grottke. "Thrombin Generation Capacity of Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in an in Vitro Dilutional Model." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 4380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4380.4380.
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Abstract Abstract 4380 Background: There is a growing use of prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) for the treatment of trauma-induced coagulopathy, which is addressed to their propensity to increase thrombin generation. Despite considerable differences in composition of commercially available PCCs, there is lack of data investigating the procoagulant capacity of different PCCs. Methods: The vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, heparin, and antithrombin were assessed in five commercially available PCCs. The procoagulant potential of the PCCs was assessed in plasma and whole blood from 4 healthy donors by means of classical coagulation assays, thrombin generation assay and thromboelastometry. In order to reflect coagulopathy, whole blood was diluted with 20, 40, 60, and 80% Ringer's lactate solution. Results: The five different PCCs were characterised by comparable levels of factors II, VII, IX and X (all around 20–30 IU/mL), whereas the heparin (0 to 17.6 IU/mL) and antithrombin (0.06 to 1.29 IU/mL) levels were remarkably different between manufactures. In vitro dilution of blood induced a prolongation of the PT and aPTT, and attenuation of thrombin generation and ExTem induced thromboelastometry. Overall, non- or low-heparin containing PCCs restored the in vitro dilutional coagulopathy, whereas PCCs containing heparin has an anticoagulant effect. The thrombin generation assay showed to be the most sensitive method for assessment of PCC effects. Conclusions: This study shows that most available PCCs are not balanced regarding their pro-and anticoagulants. The effect of measured differences in thrombin generation among different PCCs require further investigations to elaborate the clinical meaning in the treatment of trauma induced coagulopathy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Du, Han, Hu Xu, Yun Zhao, Dan Li, and Yuhong Wang. "Mercury Ions Mediated Phosphorus Containing Carbon Dots as Fluorescent Probe for Biothiols Screening." Nano 13, no. 10 (October 2018): 1850116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292018501163.
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In this study, we report the mercury ions (Hg[Formula: see text]) mediated phosphorus-containing carbon dots (PCDs) as a selective “off–on” fluorescence probe for glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcys). PCDs obtained by hydrothermal reaction are sensitive to Hg[Formula: see text] ions and its fluorescence can be significantly quenched owing to the electron transfer from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of PCDs to Hg[Formula: see text]. Interestingly, the weak fluorescence of Hg[Formula: see text]-mediated PCDs could be gradually recovered with the addition of GSH, Cys and Hcys. This can be attributed to the formation of Hg[Formula: see text]–S complex due to the super affinity of Hg[Formula: see text]–sulfydryl bond. The formation of Hg[Formula: see text]–S complex extremely reduces the oxidation ability of Hg[Formula: see text] that inhibits the electron transfer from LUMO of PCDs to Hg[Formula: see text] and re-opens the native electron transition from LUMO to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of PCDs. Thus, the green fluorescence of PCDs is switched on. Furthermore, the present Hg[Formula: see text]-mediated PCDs assay exhibits a high selectivity for GSH, Cys and Hcy and has been successfully used to detect the total biothiols content in human urine samples.
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Guan, Qingluan, Xiukun Wei, Limin Jia, Ye He, and Haiqiang Zhang. "RUL Prediction of Railway PCCS Based on Wiener Process Model with Unequal Interval Wear Data." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (February 29, 2020): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051616.
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The railway pantograph carbon contact strip (PCCS) plays a critical role in collecting the electric current from the catenary to guarantee the steady power supply for the train. The catenary contacts with the PCCS and slides from one side to another side when the train runs on the track, which generates the wear on the surface of the PCCS. The thickness of the PCCS cannot be smaller than a lower limit for the sake of safety. Therefore, the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of the PCCS is beneficial for the pantograph maintenance and inventory management. In this paper, the wear data from Guangzhou Metro are analyzed in the first place. After that, the challenge of predicting the RUL for PCCS from the unequal interval wear data is addressed. A Wiener-process-based wear model and the unequal interval weighted grey linear regression combined model (UIWGLRCM) are proposed for the RUL prediction of the PCCS. The case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method via a comparison of RUL prediction with another available method.
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Servos, Mark R., Derek C. G. Muir, and G. R. Barrie Webster. "Bioavailability of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins in Lake Enclosures." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-082.
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The bioavailability of 1,3,6,8-tetra- (T4CDD) and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (O8CDD) was examined in large (40 m3) lake enclosures at the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario. The polychlorinated dioxins (PCDDs) were added to replicate enclosures as a sediment slurry at a nominal concentration of 58–59 ng∙L−1. T4CDD was more bioavailable to caged benthic invertebrates and fish (white sucker, Catostomus commersoni) than O8CDD immediately after the addition to the enclosures. However, as the concentration of T4CDD in the water column rapidly declined, the bioavailability of T4CDD also declined. Sorption of PCDD to organic matter and rapid partitioning to sediments might have reduced the uptake of PCDDs directly from the water column. Accumulation of PCDDs in biota appeared to shift from direct equilibrium partitioning during the first few days, when the concentrations in the water column were relatively high, to a detrital food chain transfer as the freely available PCDDs in the water declined. This conclusion is supported by the results of the simple, four-compartment food chain model of Thomann and Connolly based on the uptake kinetics of PCDDs from water and food.
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Skene, S. A., I. C. Dewhurst, and M. Greenberg. "Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans: The Risks to Human Health. A Review." Human Toxicology 8, no. 3 (May 1989): 173–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800301.
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1 PCDDs and PCDFs are ubiquitous and persistent in the environment. They are to be found in body tissues of both humans and animals. 2 The most extensively studied PCDD is 2,3,7,8-TCDD. It has been shown to produce a wide range of effects and is considered to be a (non-genotoxic) carcinogen in animals. 3 Studies into the mechanisms of toxicity so far reveal that there is involvement of a specific receptor (Ah), however further work is required to elucidate the mechanisms of the various effects. 4 Reports on a number of human exposures to PCDDs and PCDFs are described. Results from human epidemiological studies are difficult to interpret: there have been problems in methodology; there has been inadequate information on intake, and exposures have often been to mixtures of PCDDs and/or PCDFs together with other related compounds. 5 Many regulatory authorities faced with the problem of providing an index of risk from exposure to mixtures of PCDDs and PCDFs have employed the concept of 'TCDD equivalents'. 6 Whether or not PCDDs and PCDFs pose a significant human health risk at current levels of exposure they remain of considerable interest to the toxicologist.
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Olayiwola, J. Nwando, Anna Potapov, Alden Gordon, Jaime Jurado, Candy Magana, Margae Knox, and Delphine Tuot. "Electronic consultation impact from the primary care clinician perspective: Outcomes from a national sample." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 25, no. 8 (July 10, 2018): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x18784416.
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Introduction Electronic consultations (eConsults) provide asynchronous, store-and-forward communication between primary care clinicians (PCCs) and specialists using web-based platforms, electronic health records or mobile applications. eConsults have demonstrated benefits in many areas of the Quadruple Aim, including educational value for PCCs. In this study, we explored the connection between eConsults and the Quadruple Aim using a unique national dataset of PCC-reported eConsult outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective study analysing registry data from the RubiconMD electronic consultation platform used by PCCs in 34 US states. We analysed PCC-reported outcomes from eConsults that took place between March 2017 and January 2018. PCCs were asked to select one or more of the following options after each eConsult: improved care plan, educational, avoided unnecessary diagnostics/procedures, avoided referral altogether or to wrong specialty, or no effect. Results PCCs reported an outcome for 3872 eConsults. eConsults for dermatology, endocrinology, and haematology-oncology were most common. Over one in four PCCs reported that the eConsult avoided a referral altogether or to the wrong specialty (26.3%) and avoided unnecessary diagnostics/procedures (26.1%). In 75% of eConsults, PCCs reported an improved care plan. Fifty percent reported that the eConsult was educational. Discussion PCCs in diverse practice settings reported substantial benefits from eConsults. In over half of eConsults, PCCs reported that the eConsult avoided unnecessary diagnostics/procedures, avoided a referral altogether or avoided a referral to the wrong specialty. Findings suggest that eConsults demonstrate important educational benefits, but may also influence PCC decision-making in a way that yields tremendous cost-saving potential and improved patient experience.
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Tarasova, E. N., A. A. Mamontov, E. A. Mamontova, J. Klasmeier, and M. S. McLachlan. "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDDs) in Baikal seal." Chemosphere 34, no. 11 (June 1997): 2419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00088-x.
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Ávila-Vitor, Maria Regina do Carmo, and Maria Nivalda de Carvalho-Freitas. "Valores organizacionais e concepções de deficiência: a percepção de pessoas incluídas." Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão 32, no. 4 (2012): 792–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1414-98932012000400003.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, do ponto de vista das pessoas com deficiência (PcDs) inseridas no trabalho, se havia relação entre a percepção que elas tinham dos valores organizacionais e as formas como viam a deficiência no trabalho. O estudo foi realizado em uma empresa referência em inclusão. Foram utilizados o Inventário de Concepções de Deficiência em Situações de Trabalho e o Inventário de Valores Organizacionais. Também foram feitas entrevistas com PcDs, seus gestores e coordenadores do programa de inclusão. Verificou-se que existe uma correlação negativa entre a percepção que as PcDs têm sobre o prestígio e a forma como é vista a normalidade pela empresa, isto é, as PcDs relacionam o prestígio da empresa a uma concepção de deficiência que não as coloca como um desviante de um padrão normal de ser humano. Além disso, foi possível identificar aspectos considerados importantes no processo de inserção de PcDs, como o reconhecimento da inclusão como valor organizacional, a necessidade de adequação das condições de trabalho, o papel das PcDs no processo de inclusão e a importância da convivência com PcDs em um cenário favorável ao seu desempenho.
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Asatryan, Babken, and Argelia Medeiros-Domingo. "Molecular and genetic insights into progressive cardiac conduction disease." EP Europace 21, no. 8 (April 26, 2019): 1145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euz109.
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Abstract Progressive cardiac conduction disease (PCCD) is often a primarily genetic disorder, with clinical and genetic overlaps with other inherited cardiac and metabolic diseases. A number of genes have been implicated in PCCD pathogenesis with or without structural heart disease or systemic manifestations. Precise genetic diagnosis contributes to risk stratification, better selection of specific therapy and allows familiar cascade screening. Cardiologists should be aware of the different phenotypes emerging from different gene-mutations and the potential risk of sudden cardiac death. Genetic forms of PCCD often overlap or coexist with other inherited heart diseases or manifest in the context of multisystem syndromes. Despite the significant advances in the knowledge of the genetic architecture of PCCD and overlapping diseases, in a measurable fraction of PCCD cases, including in familial clustering of disease, investigations of known cardiac disease-associated genes fail to reveal the underlying substrate, suggesting that new causal genes are yet to be discovered. Here, we provide insight into genetics and molecular mechanisms of PCCD and related diseases. We also highlight the phenotypic overlaps of PCCD with other inherited cardiac and metabolic diseases, present unmet challenges in clinical practice, and summarize the available therapeutic options for affected patients.
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Dekeyzer, Sven, Omid Nikoubashman, Bart Lutin, Jeroen De Groote, Evelien Vancaester, Sofie De Blauwe, Dimitri Hemelsoet, Martin Wiesmann, and Luc Defreyne. "Distinction between contrast staining and hemorrhage after endovascular stroke treatment: one CT is not enough." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 9, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012290.
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BackgroundPostinterventional cerebral hyperdensities (PCHDs) are a common finding after endovascular stroke treatment. There is uncertainty about the extent to which PCHDs correspond to hemorrhage or contrast staining. Our aim was to evaluate the use of PCHD density on immediate postinterventional CT, and PCHD evolution on follow-up CT for differentiating contrast staining from hemorrhage after endovascular treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the imaging data of 84 patients who underwent endovascular treatment for acute arterial ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation and who received an immediate postinterventional CT, a follow-up CT within 36 h, and a follow-up MRI within 10 days.ResultsPCHDs were seen in 62 of 84 patients in a total of 130 Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) areas. A specificity of 100% to predict hemorrhage was only seen for PCHDs with densities <40 HU (for ruling hemorrhage out) and ≥140 HU (for ruling hemorrhage in), at the cost of a low sensitivity of 1.1% and 2.4%, respectively. Persisting PCHDs correlated with hemorrhage with a specificity of 93.3% and a sensitivity of 62.5%. When follow-up CT was performed at least 19 h after the first CT, persisting PCHDs correlated with hemorrhage with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 62.5%.ConclusionsThere are no density thresholds for PCHDs that allow predicting the absence or presence of hemorrhage with 100% specificity and acceptable sensitivity. A CT scan performed at least 19–24 h after endovascular therapy is the only reliable method to differentiate contrast staining from hemorrhage.
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Wong, Sophia Isako. "Justice and Cognitive Disabilities." Essays in Philosophy 9, no. 1 (2008): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eip20089117.
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The question of how to treat people with cognitive disabilities (PCDs) poses an important problem for Rawlsian theories of justice because it is unclear whether PCDs are included within the scope of moral personhood. Rawls’s Standard Solution focuses on nondisabled adults as the fundamental case, while later addressing PCDs as marginal cases. I claim that the Standard Solution has two weaknesses. First, it relies on a dichotomy between nondisabled and disabled that is tenuous and difficult to defend. Second, it makes the theory circular in a vicious way.I argue that Rawls’s theory can be revised so that it solves the problem of how to treat PCDs while avoiding the two weaknesses of the Standard Solution. There are three constraints on any successfully revised Rawlsian theory: 1) it must be resourcist rather than welfarist; 2) it must provide some principled basis for limiting our obligations to PCDs; and 3) it must address the whole range of PCDs, including the most severely disabled individuals.
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Levy, Jerrold H., Kenichi A. Tanaka, and Wulf Dietrich. "Perioperative Hemostatic Management of Patients Treated with Vitamin K Antagonists." Anesthesiology 109, no. 5 (November 1, 2008): 918–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181895bd8.
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Clinicians, including anesthesiologists, surgeons, and intensivists, are frequently called on to correct coagulopathy in patients receiving oral anticoagulation therapy. Before elective surgery, anticoagulation reversal may be undertaken over several days by discontinuing warfarin or vitamin K treatment, but rapid correction is required in an emergency. European and American guidelines recommend prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) for anticoagulation reversal in patients with life-threatening bleeding and an increased international normalized ratio. Compared with human fresh frozen plasma, PCCs provide quicker correction of the international normalized ratio and improved bleeding control. Although there are historic concerns regarding potential infectious and thrombotic risks with PCCs, current PCC formulations are much improved. Recombinant activated factor VII is a potential alternative to PCCs, but preclinical comparisons suggest that PCCs are more effective in correcting coagulopathy. Although many patients who require rapid reversal of warfarin are currently treated with fresh frozen plasma, PCCs should be considered as an alternative therapy.
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Rodriguez-Pichardo, A., F. Camacho, C. Rappe, M. Hansson, A. G. Smith, and J. B. Greig. "Chloracne Caused by Ingestion of Olive Oil Contaminated with PCDDs and PCDFs." Human & Experimental Toxicology 10, no. 5 (September 1991): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719101000503.
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1 All members of a Spanish family (father, mother and six children) developed chloracne. 2 The causative agent was found to be the family's stock of olive oil, which had become contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), pentachlorophenol, and hexachlorobenzene. 3 The more highly chlorinated PCDDs, in particular octachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin, were the predominant congeners in the oil. 4 Three members of the family exhibited either an overt or a sub-clinical disturbance of kidney function. The father also had a chronic respiratory problem. These changes could not be unequivocally attributed to the PCDDs. 5 Experimental toxicity of the oil was limited to the development of an hepatic porphyria in mice. 6 A serum sample, taken 5 years after consumption of the oil ceased, contained high levels of the PCDDs and PCDFs. Extrapolation back to ingested dose was used to validate dosage estimates. 7 The use of toxicity equivalence factors (TEFs) provided estimates of cumulative dosage to produce chloracne as 0.13-0.31 μg 2378-TCDD kg-1 (using EPA TEFs) or 6.7-16 μg 2378-TCDD kg-1 (using Nordic/NATO TEFs). 8 This is the first incident in which human toxicity is related primarily to ingestion of PCDDs and for which estimates of dosage can be made.
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Harada, Hirofumi, Akira Onoda, Takayuki Uchihashi, Hiroki Watanabe, Naoki Sunagawa, Masahiro Samejima, Kiyohiko Igarashi, and Takashi Hayashi. "Interdomain flip-flop motion visualized in flavocytochrome cellobiose dehydrogenase using high-speed atomic force microscopy during catalysis." Chemical Science 8, no. 9 (2017): 6561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sc01672g.
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To visualize the dynamic domain motion of class-I CDH from Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PcCDH) during catalysis using high-speed atomic force microscopy, the apo-form of PcCDH was anchored to a heme-immobilized flat gold surface that can fix the orientation of the CYT domain.
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Bujold, Mathieu, Pierre Pluye, France Légaré, Jeannie Haggerty, Genevieve C. Gore, Reem El Sherif, Marie-Ève Poitras, et al. "Decisional needs assessment of patients with complex care needs in primary care: a participatory systematic mixed studies review protocol." BMJ Open 7, no. 11 (November 2017): e016400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016400.
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IntroductionPatients with complex care needs (PCCNs) often suffer from combinations of multiple chronic conditions, mental health problems, drug interactions and social vulnerability, which can lead to healthcare services overuse, underuse or misuse. Typically, PCCNs face interactional issues and unmet decisional needs regarding possible options in a cascade of interrelated decisions involving different stakeholders (themselves, their families, their caregivers, their healthcare practitioners). Gaps in knowledge, values clarification and social support in situations where options need to be deliberated hamper effective decision support interventions. This review aims to (1) assess decisional needs of PCCNs from the perspective of stakeholders, (2) build a taxonomy of these decisional needs and (3) prioritise decisional needs with knowledge users (clinicians, patients and managers).Methods and analysisThis review will be based on the interprofessional shared decision making (IP-SDM) model and the Ottawa Decision Support Framework. Applying a participatory research approach, we will identify potentially relevant studies through a comprehensive literature search; select relevant ones using eligibility criteria inspired from our previous scoping review on PCCNs; appraise quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool; conduct a three-step synthesis (sequential exploratory mixed methods design) to build taxonomy of key decisional needs; and integrate these results with those of a parallel PCCNs’ qualitative decisional need assessment (semistructured interviews and focus group with stakeholders).Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review, together with the qualitative study (approved by the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Service Sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean ethical committee), will produce a working taxonomy of key decisional needs (ontological contribution), to inform the subsequent user-centred design of a support tool for addressing PCCNs’ decisional needs (practical contribution). We will adapt the IP-SDM model, normally dealing with a single decision, for PCCNs who experience cascade of decisions involving different stakeholders (theoretical contribution). Knowledge users will facilitate dissemination of the results in the Canadian primary care network.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015020558.
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Guitart, Raimon, Lars Nørgaard, Giulio Mariani, Manuel Posada, Ignacio Abaitúa, Emilio Gelpi, and Roberto Fanelli. "Analysis of Polychlorinated Dioxins and Furans in Samples of the Toxic Oil Syndrome." Human & Experimental Toxicology 12, no. 4 (July 1993): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719301200403.
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1 Polychlorinated dioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs) are known to produce a wide range of toxic effects. 2 PCDDs and PCDFs are typical contaminants of chlorinated phenols, and pentachlorophenol and related compounds have been shown to be widely distributed among selected oil samples taken from the 1981 Spanish toxic oil epidemic. 3 Six control and eight case oil samples were analysed using GC/MS for PCDDs and PCDFs. Only small concentrations, normally below 1 ng g-1, of the higher chlorinated PCDDs and PCDFs were detected. There were no statistical differences between the case and control oils. 4 These levels seem to be too low to elicit toxic effects, although they could be enough to potentiate the toxicity of other xenobiotics present in the oils. However, it is uncertain whether the levels of these compounds measured in 1990 reflect the levels present when the oils were consumed in 1981, or whether or not the levels measured in crude oils are representative of fried oils.
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Ciepiela, Olga, Milena Małecka-Giełdowska, and Emilia Czyżewska. "Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Hypercoagulability in Plasma Cell Dyscrasias—Is This Phenomenon Worthy of Exploration?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 22 (November 11, 2021): 5243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10225243.
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Plasma cell dyscrasias (PCDs) are neoplastic diseases derived from plasma cells. Patients suffering from PCDs are at high risk of hypercoagulability and thrombosis. These conditions are associated with disease-related factors, patient-related factors, or the use of immunomodulatory drugs. As PCDs belong to neoplastic diseases, some other factors related to the cancer-associated hypercoagulability state in the course of PCDs are also considered. One of the weakest issues studied in PCDs is the procoagulant activity of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are web-like structures released from neutrophils in response to different stimuli. These structures are made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and bactericidal proteins, such as histones, myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, and over 300 other proteins, which are primarily stored in neutrophil granules. NETs immobilize, inactivate the pathogens, and expose them to specialized cells of immune response. Despite their pivotal role in innate immunity, they contribute to the development and exacerbation of autoimmune diseases, trigger inflammatory response, or even facilitate the formation of cancer metastases. NETs were also found to induce activity of coagulation and are considered one of the most important factors inducing thrombosis. Here, we summarize how PCDs influence the release of NETs, and hypothesize whether NETs contribute to hypercoagulability in PCDs patients.
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Usugi, Eri, Kenichiro Ishii, Yoshifumi Hirokawa, Kazuki Kanayama, Chise Matsuda, Katsunori Uchida, Taizo Shiraishi, and Masatoshi Watanabe. "Antifibrotic Agent Pirfenidone Suppresses Proliferation of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Inducing G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest." Pharmacology 103, no. 5-6 (2019): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000496831.
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Background: Pirfenidone (PFD), which is an antifibrotic agent used for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in fibroblasts. We hypothesized that PFD-induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest might be achieved in other types of cells, including cancer cells. Here we investigated the effects of PFD on the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) in vitro. Method: Human skin fibroblasts ASF-4-1 cells and human prostate stromal cells (PrSC) were used as fibroblasts. PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2, and BxPC-3 cells were used as human PCCs. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometer. Results: First, we confirmed that PFD suppressed cell proliferation of ASF-4-1 cells and PrSC and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Under these experimental conditions, PFD also suppressed cell proliferation and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in all PCCs. In PFD-treated PCCs, expression of p21 was increased but that of CDK2 was not clearly decreased. Of note, PFD did not induce significant apoptosis among PCCs. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the antifibrotic agent PFD might have antiproliferative effects on PCCs by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. This suggests that PFD may target not only fibroblasts but also PCCs in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer.
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Wu, Jing, Wenjing Wang, and Zonghua Wang. "Porphin-Based Carbon Dots for “Turn Off–On” Phosphate Sensing and Cell Imaging." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (February 14, 2020): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020326.
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Porphin-based carbon dots (denoted as PCDs) are prepared through a one-step hydrothermal method by using meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphin (TCPP), citric acid, and ethanediamine as precursor. PCDs give rise to the optimal photoluminescence at λex/λem = 375/645 nm, exhibit an excitation-independent property, excellent water solubility, and good biocompatibility, which provide red emission and avoid the autofluorescence as an efficient fluorescent imaging probe. On the other hand, when Eu3+ is added into PCDs, the carboxylate groups located on the surface of PCDs exhibit high affinity to Eu3+, resulting in the fluorescence of PCDs turning off via static quenching. In the presence of phosphate, owing to the strong coordination with Eu3+, the fluorescence of PCDs turns on. Based on this performance, a novel “turn off–on” phosphate sensing system is developed. The detection limit of this sensing system can attain 3.59 × 10−3 μmol L−1. This system has been utilized for the detection of phosphate in real samples successfully, which further demonstrates potential applications in biological diagnostic and environmental analysis.
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Roy, Abhishek, Navrati Saxena, Bharat J. R. Sahu, and Sukhdeep Singh. "BiSON: A Bioinspired Self-Organizing Network for Dynamic Auto-Configuration in 5G Wireless." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (November 7, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2632754.
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Emerging 5G wireless networks are expected to herald significant transformation in industrial applications, with improved coverage, high data rates, and massive device capacity. However, the introduction of 5G wireless makes the network configuration, management, and planning extremely challenging. For efficient network configuration, every cell needs to be allocated a particular Physical Cell Identifier (PCID), which is unique in its vicinity. Wireless standards (e.g., 3GPP) typically specify a limited number of PCIDs. However, the number of cells in 5G Ultradense Networks (UDN) is expected to significantly outnumber these limited PCIDs. Hence, these PCIDs need to be efficiently allocated among the myriad of cells, such that two cells which are neighbors or neighbor’s neighbor are assigned with different PCIDs. This complicated network configuration problem becomes even more complex by dynamic introduction and removal of 5G small cells (e.g., micro, femto, and pico). In this paper, we introduce BiSON, a new Bioinspired Self-Organizing Solution for automated and efficient PCID configuration in 5G UDN. Using two different extensions, namely, “always near-optimal” and “heuristic,” we explain near-optimal and dynamic auto-configuration in computationally feasible time, with negligible overhead. Our extensive network simulation experiments, based on actual 5G wireless trials, demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves better optimality (minimum PCIDs in use) than earlier works in a reasonable computational complexity.
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Kim, Hee-Sun, Jae Hee Lee, Jeong Rim Lee, Ji-Won Eom, Ja Yeun Koo, Byoung Lok Park, Hyun Soo Park, and In Sook Sohn. "The Review and Future Perspectives of the Postpartum Care Service System for the Improvement of the Private-Postpartum Care Center’s Publicity." Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health 25, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21896/jksmch.2021.25.3.153.
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The study aimed to review the current postpartum care service system and suggest measures of improvement for the public reinforcement of the private-postpartum care center (PCC). We conducted a review of literature, including an internet search, and we analyzed the in-depth interviews using questionnaires answered by workers from the 6 private-PCCs operated in Goyang city. Using these data, we derived possible measures which could improve the publicity of private-PCCs. It was found that the 11 nationwide public-PCCs had serious operating deficits, and its utilization by the vulnerable was insufficient. In areas where private-PCCs are concentrated, we can propose the following policies to strengthen publicity, rather than establishing another public-PCC. First, it is important to provide support for private-PCCs to apply cost reductions for vulnerable groups, similar to the maternal and newborn medical care of public-PCCs. Second, publicity would be strengthened by reorganizing the pregnancy and childbirth education program, while also offering additional services for mothers with stillbirths and abortions. For the integrated management of postpartum care services, this should be shifted towards reinforcing the publicity of private-PCCs, rather than operating a public-PCC in relatively concentrated private-PCC areas. Through these policies, it is expected that financial and administrative waste will be reduced, and an integrated management system for postpartum care services will be established.
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Engel, Peter Tom, Tharshika Thavayogarajah, Dennis Görlich, and Philipp Lenz. "Establishment of a Palliative Care Consultation Service (PCCS) in an Acute Hospital Setting." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 4977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144977.
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Background and study aims: Acute health service requires focused palliative care (PC). This study was performed to provide guidance for the establishment of a palliative care consultation service (PCCS). Patients and methods: This study was conceived as a retrospective single-center study for observing, analyzing and evaluating the initial setup of a PCCS from 1 May 2015 to 31 May 2018. Patients from Muenster University Hospital with advanced life-limiting diseases, identified to require PC, were included. Results: PCCS was requested from various departments, for between 20 and 80 patients per month, corresponding to a total of 2359 for the study period. Requests were highest in internal medicine (27.3%), gynecology (18.1%) and radiotherapy (17.6%). Time to referral was significantly shorter in departments with special PCCS ward rounds (6 ± 9 vs. 12 ± 22 days, p < 0.001). The most frequently reported symptoms were fatigue, pain and loss of appetite. Pain was frequently localized in the stomach (20.4%), back (17.1%), or in the head and neck area (14.9%). After the first PCCS consultation, 254 patients (90%) reported sufficient pain relief after 48 h. An introduction/modification of painkiller medication, which was recommended for 142 inpatients, was implemented in 57.0% of cases by the respective departments. Overall, the direct realization of PCCS recommendations reached only 50% on average. Conclusions: Besides an analysis of the ability to address the symptoms of the referred patients by the PCCS, this study highlights the importance of the interaction between PCCS and other departments. It further elucidates the role and possibilities of this service both in regular ward rounds and individual staff contacts.
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Al-Delawi, Amjad S., Sinan A. Harjan, Manaf B. Raewf, Thabit H. Thabit, and Alaa S. Jameel. "Independent directors, corporate ownership and cost of debt: Do politically connected independent directors matter? Evidence from China." International Journal of Management and Sustainability 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2023): 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/11.v12i2.3276.
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This research seeks to determine whether politically connected independent directors (PCIDs) have a substantial effect in lowering the cost of debt (CoD). Therefore, the research aims to explain the relationship between political ties and the cost of debt, politically connected independent directors and the cost of debt, and state ownership and the relationship of politically connected independent directors and the cost of debt. In addition, we analyze the influence of corporate ownership on the connection. To illustrate this, we empirically study panel data which was separated into two periods (2011–2012 and 2013–2014) in state-owned and non-state-owned firms (SOEs and non-SOEs). We discovered that PCIDs had a considerable and unfavorable effect on the CoD, particularly in non-SOEs. As a result of the shared resource knowledge of PCIDs in government procurement contracts, finance, and law, the CoD in non-SOEs is reduced. The findings of this research add to the existing literature by employing data from China and demonstrating the impact of PCIDs in decreasing the cost of debt, particularly for non-SOEs.
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Urbini, Milena, Margherita Nannini, Annalisa Astolfi, Valentina Indio, Valentina Vicennati, Matilde De Luca, Giuseppe Tarantino, et al. "Whole Exome Sequencing Uncovers Germline Variants of Cancer-Related Genes in Sporadic Pheochromocytoma." International Journal of Genomics 2018 (August 19, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6582014.
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Background. Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) show the highest degree of heritability in human neoplasms. However, despite the wide number of alterations until now reported in PCCs, it is likely that other susceptibility genes remain still unknown, especially for those PCCs not clearly syndromic. Methods. Whole exome sequencing of tumor DNA was performed on a set of twelve PCCs clinically defined as sporadic. Results. About 50% of PCCs examined had somatic mutations on the known susceptibility VHL, NF1, and RET genes. In addition to these driver events, mutations on SYNE1, ABCC10, and RAD54B genes were also detected. Moreover, extremely rare germline variants were present in half of the sporadic PCC samples analyzed, in particular variants of MAX and SAMD9L were detected in the germline of cases wild-type for mutations in the known susceptibility genes. Conclusions. Additional somatic passenger mutations can be associated with known susceptibility VHL, NF1, and RET genes in PCCs, and a wide number of germline variants with still unknown clinical significance can be detected in these patients. Therefore, many efforts should be aimed to better define the pathogenetic role of all these germline variants for discovering novel potential therapeutic targets for this disease still orphan of effective treatments.
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Radouane, Nassima. "A Comprehensive Review of Composite Phase Change Materials (cPCMs) for Thermal Management Applications, Including Manufacturing Processes, Performance, and Applications." Energies 15, no. 21 (November 5, 2022): 8271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218271.
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To manage the imbalance between energy supply and demand in various energy systems such as energy storage and energy conversion, “phase change materials” are presented as promising options for these applications. To overcome the long-standing disadvantages of PCMs, for instance, small values of thermal conductivity, liquid leakage, separation of phase, and the problem of supercooling, advanced phase change composites (PCCs) manufactured by chemical modifications or the incorporation of functional additives are essential to overcome these disadvantages and promote the large-scale application of PCMs. Herein, we discuss a complete assessment of the recent development and crucial topics concerning PCCs, with a brief description of PCC preparation using different techniques, enhancing PCCs thermal conductivity approaches, and their applications. The various techniques of elaboration of PCCs used can be illustrated as polymerization, encapsulation, and hybrid confinement. Phase change materials (PCCs) are described as potential energy materials for thermal management and storage of thermal energy with the intention of fulfilling the gap between the source of energy and the need in different energy systems. Herein, we give a global presentation of PCCs subjects including PCC elaboration, enhancing thermal conductivity techniques, and applications.
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González, Silvia, Martha Porras, Arianna Jimbo, and Cesar H. Zambrano. "Dehydrochlorination of PCDDs on SWCN-Supported Ni10 and Ni13 Clusters, a DFT Study." Molecules 27, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 5074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165074.
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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) are known to be a group of compounds of high toxicity for animals and, particularly, for humans. Given that the most common method to destroy these compounds is by high-temperature combustion, finding other routes to render them less toxic is of paramount importance. Taking advantage of the physisorption properties of nanotubes, we studied the reactions of atomic hydrogen on physisorbed PCDDs using DFT; likewise, we investigated the reaction of molecular hydrogen on PCDDs aided by Ni10 and Ni13 clusters adsorbed on single-wall carbon nanotubes. Because dihydrogen is an easily accessible reactant, we found these reactions to be quite relevant as dehydrohalogenation methods to address PCDD toxicity.
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Liu, Yuan, Ting Lin, Cui Cheng, Qiaowen Wang, Shujin Lin, Chun Liu, and Xiao Han. "Research Progress on Synthesis and Application of Cyclodextrin Polymers." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041090.
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Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a series of cyclic oligosaccharides formed by amylose under the action of CD glucosyltransferase that is produced by Bacillus. After being modified by polymerization, substitution and grafting, high molecular weight cyclodextrin polymers (pCDs) containing multiple CD units can be obtained. pCDs retain the internal hydrophobic-external hydrophilic cavity structure characteristic of CDs, while also possessing the stability of polymer. They are a class of functional polymer materials with strong development potential and have been applied in many fields. This review introduces the research progress of pCDs, including the synthesis of pCDs and their applications in analytical separation science, materials science, and biomedicine.
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Dentali, Francesco, Chiara Marchesi, Matteo Giorgi Pierfranceschi, Mark A. Crowther, David Garcia, Elaine M. Hylek, Dan Witt, et al. "SAFETY of PROTHROMBIN COMPLEX CONCENTRATES IN PATIENTS REQUIRING RAPID REVERSAL of ANTICOAGULANT TREATMENT with the VITAMIN K ANTAGONISTS: a Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis of the Literature." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1113.1113.
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Abstract Abstract 1113 Background: Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are currently recommended by several international guidelines as the treatment of choice in warfarin-related coagulopathy. However, while the efficacy of PCCs is well established, their safety in terms of risk of thromboembolic complications, some of which may be severe or even life-threatening, is still not clear. Thus, we performed a systematic review of the literature with the aim of evaluating the rate of thromboembolic complications in patients on Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) treated with PCCs for a bleeding event or before an urgent invasive procedure. Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched up to June 2010. Two reviewers performed study selection independently. Studies providing data on incidence thromboembolic complications in patients on VKAs were potentially eligible for the study. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study and population characteristics, type, dose of PCC treatment. Weighted mean proportion of the rate of thromboembolic complications and the mortality rate were calculated. Results: 28 studies for a total of 1104 patients were included in our systematic review. Seven studies used 3-factor PCCs, 21 studies used 4-factor PCCs. Concomitant vitamin K was administered in 21 studies, while fresh frozen plasma in 6. Seventeen patients had a thromboembolic complication after PCCs administration (weighted mean 1.9%; 95% CI 1.1–2.9 %). Of the thromboembolic events, 4 were fatal (23%). The incidence of thromboembolic events was 1.9%; (95% CI 1.0–3.1 %) in patients treated for bleeding and 0.8% (95% CI 0.1–2.0 %) in patients treated before urgent surgery or invasive procedures. For 5 of the reported events we were unable to define the subgroup. The incidence of thromboembolic events was 2.3% (95% CI 1.2–3.8) in patients treated with 4-factor PCCs, and 0.7% (95% CI 0.0–2.4) in patients treated with 3-factor PCCs. One hundred and seven patients died for a mean mortality rate of 11.1% (95% CI 6.4–17.0 %). Only 7 studies for a total 257 patients provided data on the incidence of viral transmission after PCCs administration. In this subgroup of patients there were 4 episode of positivity for parvovirus B19 for a mean incidence of 1.9% (95% CI 0.3–4.9%). Conclusions: The results of our systematic review of the literature show that the treatment with PCCs in patients on VKAs therapy is associated with a low risk of thromboembolic complications providing important information on the safety of this approach. Moreover, also the risk of viral transmission, although evaluated in few studies only, appears to be negligible. The findings of a low thromboembolic risk have been further confirmed by the results of the subgroup analyses separately evaluating treatment with 3 or 4-factors PCCs and different indications for PCCs therapy. Disclosures: Crowther: Pfizer: Consultancy; Leo Pharma: Research Funding; Boehringer Ingelheim: Research Funding.
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Barbosa Sak, Laís Teixeira, Pedro Pulzatto Peruzzo, and Silvio Beltramelli Neto. "Proteção do trabalho das pessoas com deficiência no âmbito internacional: [des]conexões entre Organização Internacional do Trabalho e o Comitê Internacional sobre os direitos das pessoas com deficiência." Revista Videre 13, no. 27 (August 31, 2021): 332–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30612/videre.v13i27.13314.
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Apesar de a Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) ter dedicado grande atenção ao tema do Trabalho Decente desde o ano 2000, esta não tem feito alusão às pessoas com deficiência (PcDs) nos principais documentos internacionais sobre este tema, sendo, pois, “Trabalho Decente” e “pessoas com deficiência” tratados reiteradamente em agendas distintas. Em 2020, um documento da OIT sobre condições de trabalho das PcDs durante a pandemia ocasionada pelo COVID-19 foi embrionário neste sentido por aludir que as decisões no momento de pandemia repercutiriam no acesso de tais pessoas ao Trabalho Decente. Considerando o compromisso de cooperação internacional e, especialmente, as diversas orientações do Comitê Internacional sobre Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência (Comitê), criado pela ONU em 2007, acerca do direito ao trabalho e emprego das PcDs, analisar-se-á se é possível afirmar que há alguma convergência entre as orientações da OIT e do Comitê em relação ao Trabalho Decente para as PcDs. Foram empregados os métodos hipotético-dedutivo e documental (análise qualitativa), sendo assumida como hipótese a inexistência de convergência conceitual entre os dois organismos internacionais quanto à promoção do Trabalho Decente. O trabalho analisa vários documentos destes organismos sobre “Trabalho Decente”, “trabalho e PcDs”, incluindo convenções, declarações e outros documentos, bem como o diretório “jurisprudência do Comitê”. Embora os organismos possuam expressões diferentes, conclui-se que há certa convergência entre ambos para promover condições dignas de trabalho às PcDs, mas falta interação para mútuo conhecimento das barreiras enfrentadas pelas PcDs no trabalho.
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Mercille, Julien. "The Public–Private Mix in Primary Care Development: The Case of Ireland." International Journal of Health Services 49, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 412–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731419836079.
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In 2001, Ireland announced a Primary Care Strategy that has led to the implementation of primary care centers (PCCs) throughout the country. This article examines the nature and extent of private and public sector involvement in establishing the PCC network since 2001. The study is based on a PCC dataset constructed using unpublished data obtained from Ireland’s Health Service Executive (HSE). The dataset includes the date when PCCs became operational and their mode of delivery: public procurement, private lease, or public–private partnership. The results show that 140 PCCs have or will become operational by the end of 2019: 35% (49 PCCs) are public, 55% (77) are leases with private landlords, and 10% (14) are public–private partnerships. Before 2009, PCCs were delivered by traditional public procurement, but since 2009, private delivery methods have been prioritized. In conclusion, the PCC network has been increasingly implemented by relying on the private sector. This results in a more commercialized network subject to financial risks associated with public–private partnerships.
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Sodri, Nurul Izzah, Mohamed-Syarif Mohamed-Yassin, Mariam Mohamad, and Noorhida Baharudin. "Confidence in Dementia Management and Its Associated Factors among Primary Care Doctors in Malaysia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 13, 2022): 9995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169995.
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Primary care doctors (PCDs) play an important role in the early diagnosis and management of dementia. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and confidence in managing dementia among PCDs in Malaysia. It also aimed to determine the factors associated with higher confidence levels in dementia management. An online-based cross-sectional study using Google FormsTM was performed. Sociodemographic and work-related data were collected, and Dementia Knowledge among General Practitioners & General Practitioners Attitude and Confidence Scale for Dementia questionnaires were utilized to assess the knowledge, attitude, and confidence scores. Multiple linear regression was conducted to determine the association between sociodemographic factors, knowledge, and attitude with the confidence in dementia management score. A total of 239 PCDs participated, with the majority being female (72.4%) and Malay (64.4%) and working in public primary care clinics (67.4%). The mean (±SD) score for confidence was 2.96 (±0.76). Among the factors associated with higher confidence levels in managing dementia were higher dementia knowledge scores, higher attitude towards dementia scores, prior dementia education, and the availability of nearby referral services for dementia. Malaysian PCDs’ confidence in dementia management was comparable to the PCDs of other countries. Strategies addressing these factors should be implemented to improve the confidence of PCDs in managing dementia.