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1
Prange, Joelle, and n/a. "Origin of Dioxins in Queensland: Investigations into the Distribution and Sources of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins in the Queensland Terrestrial Environment." Griffith University. School of Public Health, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040615.161651.
Full textAbstract:
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are persistent organic pollutants of global concern as they are persistent, toxic and can biomagnify through the food chain. PCDD/Fs are generally regarded as trace contaminants in a number of chemical products and they are formed as by-products from various industrial, chemical and combustion processes. The pollution with PCDD/Fs occurs with the release of these chemicals into the environment, resulting in the contamination of various compartments including; air, soil, sediment and biota. Studies that have investigated the distribution of PCDD/Fs in the environment suggest that the highest concentrations of these pollutants are found in locations with a history of industrial or chemical PCDD/F sources. Queensland is the north-eastern state of Australia. Queensland has a low population density, few industrial activities and is considered predominantly rural. Therefore it was somewhat surprising that elevated concentrations of PCDD/Fs (in particular the higher chlorinated PCDDs) have been observed in soil and sediments samples collected from various locations along the Queensland coast. The concentrations of PCDDs in Queensland samples were comparable to or higher than concentrations in similar matrices from highly polluted regions elsewhere. To investigate the origin of PCDDs in Queensland, the geographical distribution of PCDD/Fs in topsoil was investigated in the coastal and inland environments to provide information on the potential sources and to estimate the extent of the PCDD contamination. Distinct east-west gradients were detected in topsoil collected from bushland areas across the state with elevated PCDD concentrations confined to the coastal region. Within the coastal region, the contamination could not be associated with specific land uses. In fact, the PCDD/F congener profile was similar in the majority of samples from the coastal region, with a dominance of the higher chlorinated PCDDs (in particular OCDD), whereas PCDFs were low or below the limit of detection. The similarity in the PCDD/F congener profiles in the soils along the coastal region indicated that a source of PCDDs of similar origin has resulted in the contamination of soil extending more than 3000 km and estimations suggest that more than 50 tonnes of OCDD is stored in the topsoil of Queensland.s coastal region. Investigation into the vertical distribution of PCDDs in Queensland coastal soils revealed elevated concentrations of PCDDs, (in particular OCDD) in soils to at least 3.5 m. These results indicated that the extent of the PCDD contamination is significantly greater than anticipated and it was estimated that there is in the order of 3 000 tonnes of OCDD stored in Queensland's coastal soils. The specific PCDD/F congener profile in Queensland coastal soils is unlike known PCDD/F source profiles which led to the suggestion that some yet unidentified formation mechanism may have resulted in the contamination. Potential natural sources of PCDD/Fs, including forest fires, geogenic and biogenic processes were assessed as possible origins for the PCDD contamination in Queensland. Elevated concentrations of PCDDs were detected in the atmosphere during a 'prescribed burn'. This study demonstrated that although forest fires influence atmospheric PCDD/F concentrations substantially, forest fires are not the source of PCDDs in Queensland; rather they are an important mechanism for the redistribution of PCDDs and may have attributed to the widespread PCDD contamination. In this study geological materials (oil shale and kaolin) were analysed as a proxy to assess a geogenic origin of PCDDs. Elevated concentrations of PCDDs were observed in the kaolin samples, however similar and higher concentrations were detected in surface and sub-surface soils, suggesting that specific geogenic formation processes investigated are not the source of PCDDs in Queensland. A preliminary indication for a biogenic origin of PCDDs was identified during the anaerobic incubation of sugarcane irrigation sediments. An increase in the concentration of OCDD in the anaerobic treatment, compared to the control was observed after incubation for 90 days. In these same experiments, a dechlorination of OCDD to lower chlorinated (1,4,6,9-substituted) PCDDs was also observed. Similar transformation processes were observed in other anaerobic environments in Queensland, which led to the suggestion that a biogenic formation of PCDDs (possibly from a precursor) may be responsible for the origin of PCDDs in Queensland.
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Prange, Joelle. "Origin of Dioxins in Queensland: Investigations into the Distribution and Sources of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins in the Queensland Terrestrial Environment." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367289.
Full textAbstract:
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are persistent organic pollutants of global concern as they are persistent, toxic and can biomagnify through the food chain. PCDD/Fs are generally regarded as trace contaminants in a number of chemical products and they are formed as by-products from various industrial, chemical and combustion processes. The pollution with PCDD/Fs occurs with the release of these chemicals into the environment, resulting in the contamination of various compartments including; air, soil, sediment and biota. Studies that have investigated the distribution of PCDD/Fs in the environment suggest that the highest concentrations of these pollutants are found in locations with a history of industrial or chemical PCDD/F sources. Queensland is the north-eastern state of Australia. Queensland has a low population density, few industrial activities and is considered predominantly rural. Therefore it was somewhat surprising that elevated concentrations of PCDD/Fs (in particular the higher chlorinated PCDDs) have been observed in soil and sediments samples collected from various locations along the Queensland coast. The concentrations of PCDDs in Queensland samples were comparable to or higher than concentrations in similar matrices from highly polluted regions elsewhere. To investigate the origin of PCDDs in Queensland, the geographical distribution of PCDD/Fs in topsoil was investigated in the coastal and inland environments to provide information on the potential sources and to estimate the extent of the PCDD contamination. Distinct east-west gradients were detected in topsoil collected from bushland areas across the state with elevated PCDD concentrations confined to the coastal region. Within the coastal region, the contamination could not be associated with specific land uses. In fact, the PCDD/F congener profile was similar in the majority of samples from the coastal region, with a dominance of the higher chlorinated PCDDs (in particular OCDD), whereas PCDFs were low or below the limit of detection. The similarity in the PCDD/F congener profiles in the soils along the coastal region indicated that a source of PCDDs of similar origin has resulted in the contamination of soil extending more than 3000 km and estimations suggest that more than 50 tonnes of OCDD is stored in the topsoil of Queensland.s coastal region. Investigation into the vertical distribution of PCDDs in Queensland coastal soils revealed elevated concentrations of PCDDs, (in particular OCDD) in soils to at least 3.5 m. These results indicated that the extent of the PCDD contamination is significantly greater than anticipated and it was estimated that there is in the order of 3 000 tonnes of OCDD stored in Queensland.s coastal soils. The specific PCDD/F congener profile in Queensland coastal soils is unlike known PCDD/F source profiles which led to the suggestion that some yet unidentified formation mechanism may have resulted in the contamination. Potential natural sources of PCDD/Fs, including forest fires, geogenic and biogenic processes were assessed as possible origins for the PCDD contamination in Queensland. Elevated concentrations of PCDDs were detected in the atmosphere during a 'prescribed burn'. This study demonstrated that although forest fires influence atmospheric PCDD/F concentrations substantially, forest fires are not the source of PCDDs in Queensland; rather they are an important mechanism for the redistribution of PCDDs and may have attributed to the widespread PCDD contamination. In this study geological materials (oil shale and kaolin) were analysed as a proxy to assess a geogenic origin of PCDDs. Elevated concentrations of PCDDs were observed in the kaolin samples, however similar and higher concentrations were detected in surface and sub-surface soils, suggesting that specific geogenic formation processes investigated are not the source of PCDDs in Queensland. A preliminary indication for a biogenic origin of PCDDs was identified during the anaerobic incubation of sugarcane irrigation sediments. An increase in the concentration of OCDD in the anaerobic treatment, compared to the control was observed after incubation for 90 days. In these same experiments, a dechlorination of OCDD to lower chlorinated (1,4,6,9-substituted) PCDDs was also observed. Similar transformation processes were observed in other anaerobic environments in Queensland, which led to the suggestion that a biogenic formation of PCDDs (possibly from a precursor) may be responsible for the origin of PCDDs in Queensland.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Public Health
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Silva, Sandra Cristina Coelho da. "A percentagem de consoantes corretas (PCC) em crianças dos 3 aos 5 anos de idade." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4047.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Terapêutica da FalaA avaliação é uma das principais ferramentas do terapeuta da fala. Como qualquer ferramenta, se usada adequadamente, pode acelerar o trabalho a ser desenvolvido. Uma avaliação descuidada acarreta uma perda de tempo e energia, levando ocasionalmente a decisões diagnósticas inadequadas e a um planeamento de intervenção ineficiente (Mota, 2001). Este estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar o PCC (percentagem de consoantes corretas) em crianças dos 3 aos 5 anos de idade. Também é objetivo desta investigação verificar se existe uma correlação entre: 1) PCC e idade; 2) PCC e sexo; 3) PCC e escolaridade mais elevada dos pais. Para este efeito, foram avaliadas 34 crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e os 5 anos de idade, pertencentes ao concelho de Felgueiras e Amarante. A amostra foi dividida em três grupos: G1) crianças com 3 anos (n=12); G2) crianças com 4 anos (n=9); G3) crianças com 5 anos (n=13). Para recolha dos dados da avaliação foi utilizado o Teste de Articulação CPUP: Sons em Palavras, para analisar a fala das crianças. Para realizar a avaliação fonológica, foi usada a avaliação proposta pelos autores Yavas, Hernandorena & Lamprecht (2002), que foi criado com o objetivo de eliciar a amostra mais representativa da fala da criança através da nomeação espontânea. Para o cálculo do PCC são considerados como erros as omissões, substituições e distorções. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo mostram que apenas a idade influencia os valores do PCC, enquanto o sexo e a escolaridade mais elevada dos pais não apresenta uma correlação positiva nem estatisticamente significativa. Desta forma, conclui-se que quanto mais idade têm as crianças maior é o seu PCC. Evaluation is one of the main tools of the speech therapist. Like any tool, if used properly, can accelerate the work to be done. A careless assessment entails a waste of time and energy, occasionally leading to inadequate diagnostic decisions and inefficient planning intervention (Mota, 2001). This study aims at analyzing the PCC (percentage of consonants correct) in children from 3 to 5 years old. Another objective of this research is whether there is a correlation between: 1) PCC and age, 2) PCC and sex; 3) PCC and higher parents schooling. For this purpose, we evaluated 34 children aged between 3 to 5 years of age, belonging to the municipality of Felgueiras and Amarante. The sample was divided into three groups: G1) children with 3 years old (n = 12), G2) children with 4 years old (n = 9); G3) children with 5 years old (n = 13). To collect the data evaluation test was used the Articulation CPUP: Sounds in Words, to analyze the speech of children. To perform the phonological evaluation, was used the evaluation proposed by the authors Yavas, Hernandorena & Lamprecht (2002), which was created with the goal of eliciting a more representative sample of child speech through spontaneous naming. To calculate the PCC are considered as errors the omissions, substitutions and distortions. The results of this study show that only age influences the values of the PCC, whereas sex and higher parents schooling do not show a positive correlation nor statistically significant. Thus, it is concluded that the older they are, the higher is their PCC.
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Ellis, Cameron B. "Tribopairs in Wellbore Drilling: A Study of PCD Tilting Pad Bearings in an Electric Submersible Pump." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7233.
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A polycrystalline diamond was tested as a bearing material for a tilting pad thrust bearing to be used in an electric submersible pump, which elevates process fluids from the bottom of well bores. The goal of this study was to compare the PCD to a current best of technology, which is stainless steel with an engineering polymer.This study found that PCD can handle larger loads than current technology but is limited in size due to diamond sintering and manufacturing constraints. The maximum size is Ø75mm.
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Ellett, Robert O. Jr. "An Evaluation of Program for Cooperative Cataloging(PCC) Records Used in Non-PCC Libraries." NSUWorks, 2005. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/501.
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The Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC), created in 1992 under the auspices of the Library of Congress (LC), provides bibliographic and authority records intended to meet the cataloging needs of all libraries. The number of institutions participating in the BIBCO or Bibliographic Cooperative component of the PCC remains limited to 46 institutions. The PCC introduced a bibliographic record standard, the core level record, which emphasized a dependable description with full authority control, while providing timely access.
Time savings and efficiency have been results observed for PCC libraries creating core level records. The PCC libraries are thus able to devote more resources to cataloging difficult foreign language or esoteric material often needed by library users but previously unavailable and unknown because it was in the cataloging arrearage or backlog. However, no studies examined whether non-PCC libraries accepted PCC records as readily as they accepted LC cataloging records in the OCLC Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) database. This study analyzed the acceptability of PCC records by examining how 72 various academic, public, and special libraries edited them during a two-month study period.
Findings pointed to the participants' inability to identify PCC records correctly. There was also some indication that editing of notes and non-access point fields in bibliographic records continue to be a priority for some institutions. The most frequent significant change to the PCC records was the addition of Dewey decimal classification (DDC) numbers by public library participants and the addition of LC classification numbers for academic and special library participants. This modification was observed as the main difference between LC and PCC records. Overall, 65.3% of PCC records were used with no editing changes and 97.4% of MARC fields examined were not edited. Results revealed a correlation between the absence of a needed classification number and personnel level handling copy cataloging.
An analysis of editing changes in full versus core PCC records was presented. Recommendations for library administrators, cataloging managers, OCLC, and the PCC Policy Operations Committee concerning authority verification, classification number verification, PCC record identification and cataloging record source field, and monitoring copy cataloging work to promote efficiency were provided.
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Liljeroos, Tom. "Är saltglaseringsindustrin en källa till tidig organokloridförekomst?" Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Teacher Education (LUT), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2365.
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Abstract.
The levels of dioxin and comparable substances rose to a large extent in our environment during the second half of the 20'Th century. This was the result of the synthesis of, and careless usage of these substances in cooling fluids, hydraulics, pesticides etc.
Background levels of dioxins and furans in sealed samples prior to this era suggest that former sources of these substances existed.
Salt glazing is a method of adding a smooth acid resistant exterior to stoneware ceramics. The technique has been in use since the 16'Th century, maybe even earlier than that. Some sources date the origin of the technique to the 13'Th century. Salt glazed ceramics were the prime type of industrial vessels and it was extensively used for food preservation in households from the 17'Th century to the early/mid 20'Th century.
The method was/is primarily used by Germany, Great Britain, America and Sweden.
Salt glazing is a source of graphite structures from soot, and of chlorine gas. Hence, the formation of organochlorides should be able to occur.
The reports main objective is to highlight the question; “Could the salt glazing industry be one of the sources to early dioxin emissions?” Secondary objectives are to present an introduction to dioxin and comparable substances, methods of analysis and symptoms of exposure.
The salt glazing industry is much likely one of the anthropogenic sources of early PCDD/F emissions. Though emission levels seem to be quite low, due to the persistence of PCDD/F noticeable levels could have accumulated. When the Leblanc soda process (a known source of PCDD/F) was introduced in 1791, the salt glazing process had already been used for nearly three hundred years.
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Sewart, Andrew Paul. "The fate and behaviour of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in sewage sludge : amended agricultural soils and their potential transfer into terrestrial foodchain via lactating cattle." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261004.
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Yang, Yun. "Temperature dependent PCDD/PCDF product distributions from phenols." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20182.
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Senthivel, Saranyan. "Automatic Forensic Analysis of PCCC Network Traffic Log." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2394.
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Most SCADA devices have a few built-in self-defence mechanisms and tend to implicitly trust communications received over the network. Therefore, monitoring and forensic analysis of network traffic is a critical prerequisite for building an effective defense around SCADA units. In this thesis work, We provide a comprehensive forensic analysis of network traffic generated by the PCCC(Programmable Controller Communication Commands) protocol and present a prototype tool capable of extracting both updates to programmable logic and crucial configuration information. The results of our analysis shows that more than 30 files are transferred to/from the PLC when downloading/uplloading a ladder logic program using RSLogix programming software including configuration and data files. Interestingly, when RSLogix compiles a ladder-logic program, it does not create any lo-level representation of a ladder-logic file. However the low-level ladder logic is present and can be extracted from the network traffic log using our prototype tool. the tool extracts SMTP configuration from the network log and parses it to obtain email addresses, username and password. The network log contains password in plain text.
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Frýba, Lukáš. "Analýza alternativ odstraňování PCDD/F při spalování odpadů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229471.
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The thesis is focused on analyzing the current status of the technology used for cleaning flue gas from persistent organic pollutants, especially PCDD/F. For the three most commonly used methods of solution operational and energy efficiency comparison was made, where achievable energy export and the impact of the change in working conditions on the efficiency indicators of energy production and use of the energy was evaluated. In conditions we considered an alternative machine-technological solutions used for the final disposal of persistent organic pollutants resulting from the waste combustion in terms of additional operating costs and energy efficiency.
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Solčanský, Marek. "Chemická pasivace povrchu křemíkových desek pro solární články." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217864.
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This master´s thesis deals with an examination of different solution types a for the chemical passivation of a silicon surface. Various solutions are tested on silicon wafers for their consequent comparison. The main purpose of this work is to find optimal solution, which suits the requirements of a time stability and start-up velocity of passivation, reproducibility of the measurements and a possibility of a perfect cleaning of a passivating solution remainig from a silicon surface, so that the parameters of a measured silicon wafer will not worsen and there will not be any contamination of the other wafers series in the production after a repetitive return of the measured wafer into the production process. The cleaning process itself is also a subject of a development.
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Aurell, Johanna. "Effects of Varying Combustion Conditions on PCDD/F Formation." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1795.
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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are by-products emitted from combustion sources such as municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plants. These organic compounds are recognized as toxic, bioaccumulative and persistent in the environment. PCDD/Fs are removed from flue gases before released from MSW incineration. However, the PCDD/Fs are not destroyed but retained in the residues, thus in the environment. Understanding the pathways that lead to their formation is important in order to develop ways to suppress their formation and prevent their release into the environment. Suppressing the formation can also allow less expensive air pollution control system to be used, and/or the costs of thermally treating the residues to be reduced. The main objective of the studies underlying this thesis was to elucidate process, combustion and fuel parameters that substantially affect the emission levels and formation of PCDD/Fs in flue gases from MSW incineration. The experiments were conducted under controllable, realistic combustion conditions using a laboratory-scale reactor combusting artificial MSW. The parameter found to most strongly reduce the PCDD/F emissions, was prolonging the flue gas residence time at a relatively high temperature (460°C). Increasing the sulfur dioxide (SO2) to hydrogen chloride (HCl) ratio to 1.6 in the flue gas was also found to reduce the PCDF levels, but not the PCDD levels. Fluctuations in the combustion process (carbon monoxide peaks), high chlorine levels in the waste (1.7%) and low temperatures in the secondary combustion zone (660°C) all tended to increase the emission levels. The PCDD/PCDF ratio in the flue gas was found to depend on the chlorine level in the waste, fluctuations in the combustion process and the SO2:HCl ratio in the flue gas. The formation pathways were found to be affected by the quench time profiles in the post-combustion zone, fluctuations in the combustion process and addition of sulfur. In addition, increased levels of chlorine in the waste increased the chlorination degrees of both PCDDs and PCDFs. A tendency for increased SO2 levels in the flue gas to increase levels of polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes (sulfur analogues of PCDFs) was also detected, however the increases were much less significant than the reduction in PCDF levels.
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Bird, Amanda Jane. "Zinc homeostasis in Synechococcus PCC 7942." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245707.
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Cole, Min. "Implementation of Person-Centered Care [PCC]." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505202/.
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To meet the growing demand for community-based adult services (CBAS) adult day health care (ADHC) programs, it is important these programs make the necessary modifications in their systems of care to embrace a person-centered care (PCC) model. This study was designed to create an assessment to determine a community-based CBAS/ADHC program's readiness to meet the new federal standards as determined by the program's current operational evidence and by center participants', their families' as well as staff's perspectives. This was measured by self-report of access to the community, choice of setting, individual rights, autonomy and independence, choice of services and supports, center accessibility as well as their needs and preferences in the practice. Results will assist similar CBAS/ADHCs in identifying the necessary modifications within their own program to continue as a certified licensed entity and remain a viable agency.
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Dias, Camila Caldeira Nunes. "Da pulverização ao monopólio da violência: expansão e consolidação do Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) no sistema carcerário paulista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-13062012-164151/.
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O presente trabalho visa compreender o processo de expansão e consolidação do Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) no sistema prisional paulista e a figuração social que se constituiu nas prisões como resultado da monopolização das oportunidades de poder pelo PCC. Para tanto, conceitos e concepções teóricas de Norbert Elias são utilizados como ferramentas analíticas para o tratamento do material empírico colhido a partir de fontes diversas. O trabalho é composto por dois eixos de análise: eixo horizontal/processual e eixo vertical/figuracional. O eixo de análise horizontal ou processual aborda o fenômeno de um ponto de vista macrossociológico, em que se focaliza o processo social de desenvolvimento do PCC tendo em vista fatores sociais, políticos e administrativos que direta ou indiretamente estão atrelados a ele. Ainda como parte desse eixo de análise, o processo de expansão do PCC é considerado em termos das várias etapas que o compõem, tendo em vista o papel da violência física direta no exercício do seu poder. O eixo de análise vertical ou figuracional tem como objetivo a compreensão da dinâmica social produzida a partir deste processo. Considerando uma figuração social como ponto de partida da análise, denominada figuração pré-PCC, procurou-se apresentar as transformações ocorridas no universo prisional e que constituíram uma nova figuração social. A nova figuração social produzida a partir da hegemonia do PCC é constituída por uma teia de interdependência individual mais longa e complexa, com uma maior divisão funcional e integração social entre os seus componentes. Diante desta nova forma de dependência, os controles sociais sobre o comportamento individual foram ampliados e centralizados na posição ocupada pelo PCC. A estrutura e organização do PCC, sua dinâmica política e o controle social que adquire a forma de imposição do autocontrole individual, são questões centrais nesta parte do trabalho. O eixo vertical é finalizado com uma discussão sobre a relação de dependência do PCC em face da administração prisional, em que o dispositivo do Regime Disciplinar Diferenciado (RDD) é central na manutenção do equilíbrio de poder que garante a hegemonia do PCC e a estabilidade da ordem social do universo prisional. Uma reflexão que perpassa todo o trabalho e que é desenvolvida no capítulo final coloca em discussão a pacificação social que é vista como o efeito mais expressivo do processo de consolidação do poder do PCC. Neste sentido, a fragilidade deste processo é apontada a partir da sua natureza conjuntural e das bases precárias nas quais está apoiado o poder hegemônico do PCC.The present work aims to understand the process of expansion and consolidation of the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) in São Paulo prison system and the social figuration that is formed in prisons as a result of the monopolization of the opportunities by the power of PCC. To this end, concepts and theoretical conceptions of Norbert Elias are used as analytical tools for the treatment of empirical data collected from various sources. The work consists of two lines of analysis: axis horizontal / vertical axis and procedural / figurational. The horizontal axis analytical or procedural approaches the phenomenon from a macrosociological point of view, which focuses on the social development of the PCC with a view to social, political and administrative problems that are directly or indirectly linked to it. Also as part of the analysis area, the expansion of the PCC is considered in terms of several steps that compose it, owing to the role of direct physical violence in the exercise of its power. The vertical axis or figurational analysis aims at understanding the social dynamics produced from this process. Whereas a social figuration as a starting point of analysis, called figuration \"pre- PCC\", tried to show the changes in the prison world, which constituted a new social figuration. The new social representation produced from the hegemony of the PCC consists of a web of a longer and more complex individual interdependence, with greater functional division and social integration among its components. Given this new form of dependency, the social controls on individual behavior have been expanded and centralized in the position occupied by the PCC. The structure and organization of the PCC, its political dynamics and social control which takes the form of imposition of individual self-control are central issues in this part of the work. The vertical axis is concluded with a discussion of the dependence of the PCC in the face of the prison administration, where the device Regime Disciplinar Diferenciado (RDD) is central in maintaining the balance of power that ensures the hegemony of the PCC and the stability of the order social of the prison. A reflection that permeates all the work that is developed in the final chapter calls into question the social pacification that is seen as the most significant effect of the consolidation of power of the PCC. In this sense, the fragility of this process is identified from its contextual nature and the precarious foundations on which rests the hegemonic power of the PCC.
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Bian, Shuning. "Real-time monitoring of ultrasound and cavitation mediated drug delivery." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e5a774a9-5b93-4862-8dd9-0614d234ff28.
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Drug delivery plays a crucial role in the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancerous solid tumours. A drug, no matter how potent, is only truly effective when it can be delivered to all targeted cells. In recent years it has been recognised that the poor response of tumours to chemotherapy is in part due to inadequate drug delivery. Numerous strategies have been developed to overcome this issue. Of particular interest to the present work is the application of ultrasound and cavitation, which has been shown to be capable of enhancing drug delivery in solid tumours. These enhancements are attributed to the acoustic cavitation of microbubbles and the effects cavitation induces in the surrounding tissue. To better understand how ultrasound and cavitation can enhance drug delivery, an instrument was developed that is capable of monitoring in real-time and in-situ the effect of ultrasound and cavitation on drugs and drug analogues within flow channel models. The developed instrument was used to investigate the effect of ultrasound and cavitation on drug-eluting beads used for chemoembolisation, the effects of drug loading on microbubble dynamics, the effects produced by different cavitation agents, and the performance of passive acoustic mapping as a means of cavitation monitoring. The findings of the above investigations include: more physiologically relevant characterisations of drug-eluting beads pharmacokinetics, the possibility of significant changes in microbubble dynamics due to drug loading, a lack of general correlation between detected cavitation activity and induced effects, and the potential of passive acoustic mapping for monitoring cavitation and ultrasound induced effects. These and other findings also demonstrate the utility of the developed instrument for studying the many facets and applications of ultrasound and cavitation mediated drug delivery.
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Åberg, Annika. "Fate and exposure assessment of PCDD/Fs at contaminated sites." Licentiate thesis, Umeå University, Chemistry, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-5717.
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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) belong to the most toxic compounds known to science and they are defined as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) under the Stock-holm Convention. The general human exposure to PCDD/Fs is primarily through dietary intake. The importance of contaminated sites as secondary PCDD/F sources (i.e. sources that once received its contamination from a primary source) are getting increased attention. To be able to assess the risks for human exposure at PCDD/F contaminated sites, the environmen-tal distribution of PCDD/Fs and the potential mobilization between dif-ferent environmental media (e.g. food chain transfer) must be known. The primary aim of the work presented in this thesis was to investigate human exposure pathways associated with PCDD/F contaminated sites by combining field measurements and modeling. Site specific field measurements were made at a PCDD/F contaminated site in Sweden and multimedia modeling scenarios were evaluated against site specific data and national reference data.
The results show that the congener distributions in exposure media affected by contaminated soil may differ significantly from the distribu-tions found in media from reference locations. Higher chlorinated PCDD/Fs may be transferred into food chains where they contribute to a large fraction of the toxic equivalent concentration (TEQ). Ingestion of locally produced animal food may be an important exposure pathway al-ready at low or moderate PCDD/F soil concentrations. However, the con-gener composition of the source is critical for the exposure. The signifi-cance of the individual exposure routes varies depending on e.g. the spatial distribution and magnitude of the soil contamination, the pro-perties of the exposure media and the human behavior. Multimedia mo-deling can be used in risk assessments as long as model algorithms and model parameters are representative for the superhydrophobic properties of PCDD/Fs. However, selection of physical-chemical PCDD/F properties is a challenge due to large variation in reported values. For some proper-ties, data is scattered or completely lacking
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Lundin, Lisa. "Formation and degradation of PCDD/F in waste incineration ashes." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1395.
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Halevi, Cliff Hunter 1956. "ELECTROMAGNETIC PERFORMANCE OF A PORTED COAXIAL CABLE SENSOR (PCCS) SYSTEM." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276465.
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An experimental analysis of the factors which affect the sensitivity of the Ported Coaxial Cable Sensor (PCCS) system is presented. The measured response profile of the test system is compared against variations of cable separation distance, soil conductivity and permittivity, and magnetic field intensity above the transmitter cable. These experiments show that higher conductivity and permittivity of the burial medium results in a decrease in the strength of the magnetic field above the transmitter cable, and that this results in a decrease in response number. The results of these experiments are compared with the results obtained from a theoretical analysis of a simplified model. An experimentally derived relationship between cable separation distance and response number, which is valid for all soil types, can be applied to predictably minimize variations in sensitivity, resulting in a response ratio for each cell which will not exceed 3:1.
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Ge, Shaoqing. "Development of a Numerical Model to Analyze the Condition of Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82163.
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Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) is a large-diameter and high-pressure conduit for drinking water and wastewater transmission. Due to its large diameter, high pressure, and mode of breakdown, PCCP failures usually have catastrophic consequences. To mitigate failures, it is very important to assess the condition of the pipe and take proactive measures, such as repair, rehabilitation, or replacement.
There are many challenges in assessing the condition of PCCP. PCCP has a complex structure with several layers of materials (e.g. mortar coating, prestressing wire, steel cylinder, and concrete core) working together under loading. This means that there are many factors that can cause pipe failure, and that failure mechanisms are complicated. Data collection could be difficult, and existing data are often unavailable or unreliable.
Considerable research has been conducted by scholars and engineers in developing models to evaluate the condition of PCCP. There are mainly two types of models: statistical models, and numerical models using finite element method. Statistical models consider only a few factors, such as pipe age and failure rate, to predict the failure of PCCP. However, the failure of PCCP can be caused by many other factors including pipe material, and loading conditions. Models only considering a few factors are not robust enough for reliable results. The current numerical models assume that all broken wires are centrally distributed in the same location and broken wires have no prestress, thus all broken wires are completely removed from the model. These assumptions could be overly conservative when actual broken wires are distributed in different locations along the pipeline and broken wires have remaining prestress due to the bond between the wire and mortar coating. Therefore, a more comprehensive numerical model is needed to have a better understanding of the condition of PCCP.
In this research, an extensive literature and practice review was conducted on PCCP failures to understand the critical factors that affect pipe condition. The available technologies commonly used to detect pipe defects were reviewed in order to better understand the accuracy and uncertainties of the collected data. Existing models were reviewed to better understand their limitations and to advance the research on condition analysis of PCCP using numerical models.
Based on these comprehensive reviews, this dissertation proposed a numerical model to analyze the condition of PCCP for its long-term performance management. Detailed structural components such as concrete cores, prestressing wires, steel cylinder, and mortar coating were modelled. The interactions between different layers of pipe components were considered. An algorithm was proposed to account for the bond between the prestressing wire and mortar coating, which is a critical factor for the condition of PCCP with broken wires. A FORTRAN program was developed to assign linear stress distribution between the broken point and the full-prestress resuming point.
The proposed numerical model was verified utilizing data from lab tests and forensic study. Lab test data helped to understand the functionality of the model and to verify the model parameters used in analyzing pipe components and the simulation of interactions between different layers. The forensic data helped to verify the model under actual field working conditions of the pipe.
Validation of the proposed numerical model was conducted using a 66-inch Embedded Cylinder Pipe and two Lined Cylinder Pipes (42-inch and 48-inch, respectively) from a water utility. In the validation, field data were collected for model development. The simulation results were consistent with the field observation, which proved the validity and applicability of the proposed numerical model in practice.
A series of sensitivity studies were conducted to investigate the impact of longitudinal and circumferential location on the structural integrity of the pipe. These investigations showed that considering the actual longitudinal and circumferential location of broken wires is very important to get accurate analysis of pipe condition, while assuming that all broken wires fail in one longitudinal location (assumptions by current numerical models for PCCP) will overestimate the actual damage to the pipe caused by broken wires.
To consider the bedding condition, a critical factor for PCCP, the four most common bedding types found in practice were analyzed. Results show that poor bedding could lead to cracks in PCCP, which could cause corrosion in prestressing wires. Therefore, it is very important to account for bedding conditions in the PCCP analysis.
The model presented in this dissertation is more comprehensive and robust compared with existing numerical models, and could provide a better understanding of the condition of PCCP. This is because the proposed model considers the contribution of remaining prestress in broken wires due to the bond between the wire and mortar coating. This model can consider the actual longitudinal and circumferential location of broken wires rather than centrally distribute them, and it can consider the actual bedding locations, and the interaction between different layers of materials. This model was calibrated using lab test data and forensic data, and was further validated using field data which showed consistence between simulation results and field observations.
The proposed model does have limitations due to limited availability of data and assumptions. Material tests were not conducted to verify the material properties used in the model, which could cause accuracy issues in the results. A full-scale simulation of the interaction between prestressing wire and mortar coating was not considered because it could significantly increase the computation time. Lab tests were not conducted to verify the parameters used for the simulation of interaction between concrete core and steel cylinder which could lead to accuracy problems. Finally, it is acknowledged that the model was only validated in one water utility and validations in more geographically distributed utilities might further test the model's validity and robustness.
Nonetheless, the comprehensiveness and robustness of this proposed model improved the analysis of the condition of PCCP. The findings and results of this research will provide guidance for better management of PCCP pipelines for water utilities, and provide reference for future research on numerical modeling of PCCP as well.Ph. D.
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Nunes, Paulo Vitor Moreira. "Impairment e PCLD de ativos financeiros - O Impacto Institucional do IFRS." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19576.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The regulation of accountancy of financial institutions in Brazil is under the responsibility of the National Monetary Council - CMN and the Central Bank of Brazil, which created the Accounting National Financial System Institutions - COSIF with accounting guidelines, including those related to the allowance for loan losses - PCLD which has the accounting function to record future losses related to present operations as the receipt of rights is not clear, since the company is subject to credit risk. With the development of international accounting in 2006 starts the process of convergence of accounting to international standards of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), with mandatory disclosure of financial statements according to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) from 2009 on, including considering the loss calculation criteria for impairment correspond to the provisioning criteria for claims based on incurred losses. This study aims to determine whether there is a significant difference, from a quantitative point of view, in the outcome of the Brazilian financial institutions, between the allowance for loan losses (PCLD) proposed by COSIF and international standards IFRS, in order to answer the research problem to check whether the impairment of financial assets, according to IFRS standards is proportionately less than the allowance for loan losses established by COSIF, impacting the result, based on the hypothesis that the impairment of financial assets, proportionally, generates less impact on the results of financial institutions in Brazil in demonstrations compliance IFRS standards (H1) and the Allowance generates greater impact on the results in the financial statements in accordance the rules of COSIF (H2), and also that the changes proposed by IFRS 9 reduce the difference in the impact of the results (H3). Thus, it was selected as sample the six largest financial institutions active in December 2015, which together amounted to 77.61% of total assets of the institutions, given to empirical tests in the consolidated statements of Brazilian COSIF standards and the statements in the standards international IFRS between the years 2010 and 2015, analyzing the proportional amounts of allowance for loan losses provision and impairment of financial assets in relation to their total revenue by applying descriptive statistics - standard deviation, variance, mean, median, maximum and minimum. Concluding that the recognition of the impairment of financial assets in relation to allowance is proportionally lower in the statements prepared in accordance with IFRS than in the statements with recognition from the COSIF standards and there was the tendency of IFRS 9, approach to standards regulations established by COSIF in Brazil with the applicability from 2018, confirming the hypothesis of the research
A regulamentação da contabilidade das instituições financeiras, no Brasil está sob responsabilidade do Conselho Monetário Nacional – CMN e do Banco Central do Brasil, que criaram o Plano Contábil das Instituições do Sistema Financeiro Nacional – COSIF com diretrizes contábeis, inclusive relacionadas à provisão para crédito de liquidação duvidosa – PCLD que tem a função de contábil de registrar as perdas futuras referentes a operações presentes, pois o recebimento de um direito não é líquido, uma vez que a empresa está sujeita ao risco de crédito. Com o desenvolvimento da contabilidade internacional em 2006 inicia o processo de convergência da contabilidade aos padrões internacionais do International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) e International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), com publicação obrigatória das demonstrações nos padrões do IFRS a partir de 2009, inclusive considerando os critérios de apuração da perda por Impairment correspondem aos critérios de provisionamento para créditos com base em perdas incorridas. Este estudo tem o objetivo de verificar se há diferença significativa, do ponto de vista quantitativo, no resultado das instituições financeiras brasileiras, entre a PCLD proposta pelo COSIF e as normas internacionais IFRS, com a finalidade de responder o problema de pesquisa de verificar se o Impairment de ativos financeiros, segundo as normas do IFRS é proporcionalmente menor que a PCLD estabelecida pelo COSIF, impactando no resultado, partindo das hipóteses que, o Impairment de ativos financeiros, proporcionalmente, gera menor impacto no resultado das instituições financeiras no Brasil nas demonstrações em conformidade as normas do IFRS (H1) e que a PCLD gera maior impacto no resultado nas demonstrações em conformidade as normas do COSIF (H2), e ainda, que as mudanças propostas pelo IFRS 9 diminuem a diferença no impacto do resultado (H3). Para tanto, foi selecionada como amostra as seis maiores instituições financeiras em ativos em 12/2015, que juntas somavam 77,61 % do ativo total das instituições, considerando para os testes empíricos as demonstrações consolidadas nos padrões brasileiros do COSIF e as demonstrações nos padrões internacionais do IFRS entre os anos de 2010 e 2015, analisando os valores proporcionais de provisão de PCLD e de Impairment de ativos financeiros em relação as respectivas receitas totais, aplicando as estatísticas descritivas– desvio padrão, variância, média, mediana, máximo e mínimo. Concluindo que o reconhecimento do Impairment de ativos financeiros em relação à PCLD é proporcionalmente menor nas demonstrações elaboradas com base nas IFRS, do que nas demonstrações com reconhecimento a partir das normas do Cosif e verificou-se a tendência do IFRS 9, se aproximar aos padrões normativos estabelecido pelo COSIF no Brasil com a aplicabilidade a partir de 2018, confirmando as hipóteses da pesquisa
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Kola, Rajyalakshmi. "Development of Predictability and Condition Assessability Indices for PCCP Water Mains." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31181.
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The condition of water and wastewater pipelines has been deteriorating with time and since this infrastructure is out-of-sight, the assessment has been neglected over the years. The advancement of technology in various fields has provided pathway for development of several technologies for assessment of the condition of pipeline systems. However, there is no standard guidance or tool for the utilities to use these technologies appropriately. The utilities are unaware of the present state-of- the- art technologies. The predictability and condition assessability indices will help utilities predict a probable failure and take steps to prevent it.
The predictability index will indicate the inherent, theoretical predictability of key types of pipe failures. The pipe failure predictability index would be a score calculated by identifying high priority pipe types, characterizing their failure modes, mechanism, conditions, and indicators, reliability of indicators, lead-time of the indicators, and other factors. The condition assessability index will indicate the technical and economical methods of preventing key types of pipe failures. The pipe failure condition assessability index is similar to the predictability index, but it takes into account the capability of existing inspection technologies for measuring the required failure indicator parameters.
Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipes are used in large diameter water pipelines throughout the United States to convey large volumes of water. Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipes are complex composite pipes. Therefore, prediction and prevention of failure of these pipelines is complex and requires a better understanding of the system. This research concentrates around development of Predictability and Condition Assessability Indices for PCCP pipelines.Master of Science
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Moreira, Fábio Mallart. "Cadeias dominadas: dinâmicas de uma instituição em trajetórias de jovens internos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-15062012-153941/.
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O presente trabalho, baseado em pesquisa etnográfica desenvolvida em uma instituição de controle social, a Fundação Centro de Atendimento Socioeducativo ao Adolescente (Fundação CASA), debruça-se sobre o deslocamento do universo institucional ao longo do tempo, tendo como ponto de partida a criação da Fundação Nacional do Bem-Estar do Menor (FUNABEM), em pleno contexto de ditadura militar. Trata-se de etnografar o movimento ininterrupto da instituição, isto é, de vê-la a partir de uma perspectiva processual, atentando para as figurações sociais que emergem das relações estabelecidas entre os atores que circulam pelas distintas unidades de medida socioeducativa de internação. Tendo como base a reconstituição de três trajetórias, procura-se desvelar a dinâmica de funcionamento dos distintos espaços institucionais, iluminando as tensões que os caracterizam, bem como os incessantes embates travados entre os atores sociais que se movimentam em tal contexto. Se em um primeiro momento, nos defrontamos com os antigos espaços de internação, caracterizados, entre outros traços, pelas acentuadas disparidades de força entre os adolescentes e os funcionários, com o reordenamento do universo institucional, veremos que em algumas Unidades de Internação, conhecidas como cadeias dominadas, os internos tornam-se os principais responsáveis pela gestão da operação cotidiana de tais unidades. Espaços institucionais em que os adolescentes orientam as suas ações de acordo com os preceitos do Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC), que, vale notar, também operam no sistema prisional, bem como nas periferias de São Paulo, o que torna evidente que tais territórios, ainda que hajam particularidades, encontram-se conectados, isto é, na mesma sintonia.The present study is based on an etnographic research developed in a Social Control Institution known as Fundação Centro de Atendimento Socioeducativo ao Adolescente (Fundação CASA). It focuses on the shift in the institutional universe over time, considering the building of the Fundação Nacional do Bem-Estar do Menor (FUNABEM), amid the Military Dictatorship, its starting point. The ethnography aims to register the constant displacement in the institution, in other words, it looks at this movement from a process-like perspective, taking into account the social figurations that emerge from the relationship established among the social actors who roam through the social and educational measures at the Juvenile Detention Units. Based on the reconstitution of three trajectories, it seeks to reveal the dynamic and functioning of these distinct institutional spaces, bringing into the light the tensions which characterize them, as well as the unceasing disputes among the social actors who move in such context. If, at first, we are faced with the same old detention places characterized, among other features, by the wide contrast of power between teenagers and staff, leading to a rearrangement in the institutional universe, we also perceive that in some of those Juvenile Detention Units, known as cadeias dominadas, the inmates have become primarily responsible for managing the Units everyday operation. Institutional places where these teenagers guide their actions according to the rules of PCC (Primeiro Comando da Capital), which also operates in the jail system, as well as in the outskirts of São Paulo. This shows that those areas, although different and with their own specificities, are connected. In other words, they are on the same wavelength.
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Biondi, Karina. "Junto e misturado : imanência e transcendência no PCC." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/188.
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Previous issue date: 2009-04-07Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
The Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC), a collectivity originated inside prisons in the state of São Paulo in the early 1990s, underwent deep transformations with the addition of Equality to its ideals. The incorporation of this principle has instituted a tension that infiltrates and runs through the capillaries of the PCC, effecting simultaneous formations and suppressions of power foci, alongside concurrent constructions and dissolutions of hierarchies. A series of mechanisms and strategies have been triggered in order to set up a Command between equals , establishing tensions in all its political dimensions. This work approaches the functioning of the PCC through the description of diverse plans by which its politics is operated. One of these plans concerns the PCC as a transcendental force, whose investigation led to theoretical wrings that enabled me to reflect about the construction of a transcendence by means of an immanentist anthropology, that is, an anthropology that allows the understanding of transcendence and the means of its production without considering it preeminent. It is the PCC-transcendence, produced in the immanence and to it mingled, that allows successive processes of deterritorialization concomitant to desindividualization phenomena, and supports the existence of this social formation without a firm territorial link, enabling the presence of the PCC even where we do not find its members.
O Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC), coletividade originada em prisões paulistas na década de 1990, sofreu profundas transformações com a adição da "Igualdade" aos seus "ideais". Esta incorporação instaurou uma tensão que infiltra e percorre as capilaridades do PCC, implicando formações e supressões simultâneas de focos de poder, ao lado de construções e dissoluções simultâneas de hierarquias. Diversos mecanismos e estratégias passaram a ser acionados para a construção de um "Comando" entre "iguais", instaurando tensões em toda sua dimensão política. Este trabalho aborda o modo de funcionamento do PCC a partir da descrição de diversos planos por meio dos quais sua política é operada. Um destes planos refere-se ao PCC como uma força transcendente, cuja abordagem me conduziu à elaboração de torções que permitissem refletir acerca de uma antropologia imanentista sobre uma construção de transcendência, uma antropologia que permita pensar o transcendente sem considerá-lo preeminente. É o PCC-transcendência, produzido na imanência e a ela misturada, que permite processos de desterritorialização sucessivos, concomitantes a fenômenos de desindividualização e que sustenta a existência dessa formação social sem um vínculo territorial estável, possibilitando a presença do PCC mesmo onde não encontramos seus membros.
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Sharif, Dilara Islam. "Quorum sensing in the cyanobacterium Gloeothece PCC 6909." Thesis, Swansea University, 2008. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42295.
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The thesis sought to study whether cyanobacteria utilise the process of quorum sensing during their growth, to identify any quorum sensing molecules produced by the cyanobacteria Gloeothece PCC 6909/1 and to study the effect of any such molecules in aexenic cultures of the organism. The study presents the first evidence of N-octanoyl homoserine lactone (C8-HSL) quorum sensing molecule from axenic cultures of the cyanobacterium PCC 6909 and its sheathless mutant PCC 6909/1 and that the production of this molecule followed a density dependent accumulation, a common feature of many quorum sensing systems. The response of the Gloeothece proteome to exogenous concentrations of C8-HSL was examined, indicating changes in 43 protein spots on a 2D-PAGE gel, thereby indicating a response through global changes in protein expression. Among the 15 proteins that showed more than 2 fold expression changes, RuBisCo, glutamate synthase, chorismate synthase, a LysR family of transcriptional regulator (all up regulated) enolase and aldolase (down regulated) could be identified. A number of phosphorylated proteins also showed increased accumulation suggesting changes in the phosphoproteome of Gloeothece. A response to C8-HSL was also detected in physiological changes of the organism through decreased accumulation of extracellular soluble carbohydrates and an increased acid phosphatase activity from cell extracts. In conclusion, this study presents evidence that the cyanobacterium Gloeothece employs a C8-HSL based quorum sensing system through the accumulation and response to a C8-HSL signal. These findings can help increase our understanding of how colonial cyanobacteria encounter stress at high cell densities.
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Pandolfi, Sara. "Studio dell’invecchiamento dei sensori di Beam Condition Monitoring System dell’esperimento ALICE." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21884/.
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Questa tesi si propone di studiare l’invecchiamento dei sensori che compongono il Beam Condition Monitor System (BCM), il sistema di protezione di ALICE da eventuali problematiche legate al fascio di particelle, come i beam failures o beam losses. ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) è uno dei grandi esperimenti presenti ad LHC (Large Hadron Collider) presso il CERN di Ginevra, dedicato allo studio delle proprietà dello stato della materia chiamato Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). Per riuscire in questo studio, ALICE si serve di una grande quantità di dati raccolti durante collisioni tra ioni pesanti di piombo (Pb) e protoni. ALICE è composto da numerosi e sofisticati rivelatori, alcuni dei quali posti in prossimità del fascio di particelle. Ogni rivelatore che compone l’esperimento è dedicato alla misura di un particolare segnale fisico o di una caratteristica della collisione analizzata. Il danneggiamento di anche solo uno di tali rivelatori potrebbe quindi limitare le performance di tutto l’esperimento, o addirittura arrestare la presa dati. I detector sono progettati per essere estremamente sensibili alle particelle che vengono generate nelle collisioni studiate: risultano così vulnerabili alle imperfezioni che si possono presentare nel fascio o nella sua iniezione nell’anello di LHC dopo essere stato accelerato dai precedenti acceleratori. Il sistema di protezione dal fascio presso ALICE è dato da una combinazione di "hardware interlocks" che compongono il Beam Interlock System (BIS) di LHC e del Beam Condition Monitor System. Le analisi effettuate in questa tesi, che hanno come oggetto di studio la risposta degli 8 sensori al diamante pCVD che compongono la Stazione 0 del BCM in funzione della luminosità dell’esperimento, hanno permesso di evidenziare come la risposta dei sensori sia variata negli anni, indicando quindi un loro invecchiamento.
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Ruotti, Caren. "Pretensão de legitimidade do PCC: justificação e reconhecimento de suas práticas nas periferias da cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-24112016-130450/.
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Este trabalho analisa teórica e empiricamente a pretensão de legitimidade do agrupamento autodenominado Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) nos distritos periféricos do município de São Paulo (MSP) onde tem adquirido forte territorialização. Legitimidade aqui entendida enquanto um processo dinâmico travado no âmbito de relações de poder que envolve, de um lado, as autojustificações do PCC no exercício de suas práticas, especialmente no âmbito da regulação de condutas e resolução de conflitos, e, de outro, a possibilidade de seu reconhecimento pelos moradores e profissionais dessas localidades. No que concerne à operacionalização dessa regulação e arbitragem de conflitos, aborda-se centralmente a pretensão ao direito de matar acionado pelo PCC por meio dos debates ou tribunais do crime, a fim de evidenciar que o uso da força física é um dos pilares fundamentais de sustentação desse poder. De forma mais ampla, essa problemática é situada no contraponto aos limites do Estado em promover o monopólio legítimo do uso da força física na sociedade brasileira, seja devido à sua incompletude na promoção da segurança pública ou por sua atuação historicamente arbitrária e abusiva. Consiste em um estudo qualitativo que procura ressaltar a multiplicidade de efeitos produzidos pela presença de grupos criminosos (sob a normatividade do PCC) nessas localidades e as possibilidades de reconhecimento dos moradores e profissionais diante das práticas desses grupos. Considerando-se as ambiguidades que perpassam as relações entre o PCC, as forças de segurança estatais e os moradores e profissionais desses locais, sustenta-se que não é possível afirmar que o PCC é uma instância legítima perante a população e sim que há possibilidades de reconhecimento (em diferentes gradações) constituídas constantemente por meio dessas relações, o que tensiona, mas não desconstrói a legitimidade estatal enquanto expectativa sempre reatualizada. Nessa perspectiva, delimitam-se para fins analíticos três possibilidades, entendidas em suas interconexões: ausência de reconhecimento, atrelada ao medo e às situações de coação produzidas pelas práticas dessa instância de poder; reconhecimento situacional constituído nas brechas e limites da atuação estatal; e situação de reconhecimento, na qual se verifica uma maior consonância entre as concepções da população e as práticas de fazer justiça do PCC. No que concerne a esse último aspecto, ganha relevo as seletividades operantes no uso da força física no interior dos mecanismos de punição do PCC, conformando esse próprio uso como aspecto importante nas ponderações sobre a possibilidade de reconhecimento dessa instância de poder. Possibilidade que encerra conjuntamente às práticas de violência estatais extralegais (mas igualmente com pretensões de legitimidade) limites à constituição de um Estado democrático de Direito no país.This study analyses theoretically and empirically the pretension of legitimacy of the criminal group self-titled Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) in peripheral districts of the city of Sao Paulo, places where the group is rooted. Legitimacy here is understood as a dynamic process that takes place within power relations that involves on the one hand the self-justification of PCC in the exercise of their practices, especially in the context of regulation of conduct and conflict resolution and on the other hand, the possibility of their recognition by residents and professionals in these locations. Regarding the operationalization of this regulation and arbitration of conflicts, the study focuses mainly the pretension of the \"right to kill\" claimed by the PCC through debates or criminal courts in order to show that the use of physical force is one of the sustaining pillars of this power. Broadly, this issue lays on the state limitation in promoting legitimate monopoly on the use of physical force in Brazilian society whether due to its incompleteness in promoting public safety or on its historically arbitrary and abusive action. It consists in a qualitative study that tries to highlight the multiplicity of effects produced by the presence of criminal groups (in the normativity of PCC) in these locations and the possibilities of recognition by residents and professionals on the practices of these groups. Taking into account the ambiguities that pervade the relations between the PCC, the state security forces, the residents and the professionals of these locations, it is argued that if it is not possible to say that the PCC is a legitimate instance to the population, it is possible to say that there are different degrees of recognition constantly formed by these relationships, which can damage but not tear down the state legitimacy as an expectation always updated. In this perspective, for analytical purposes we delimit three possibilities, understood in their interconnections: no recognition, linked to the fear and duress situations produced by the practices of this instance of power; situational recognition made in the gaps and limitations of state action; and situation of recognition, in which we can see a greater consonance between the views of the population and the practices of \"doing justice\" of the PCC. Regarding this last aspect, we should highlight the selectivity in the use of physical force within the PCC punishment mechanisms, since this use is an important aspect of the weightings of the possibility of recognition of this power instance. Possibility that appears, next to extra-legal state violence practices (but which also have the pretension of legitimacy), as a limit to the establishment of a democratic Rule of Law in the country.
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Fàbrega, Bonadona Francesc. "Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (Pbpk) Modeling of Pcdd/Fs and Pfass in Humans." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284035.
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Els models farmacocinètics (PBPK) són representacions matemàtiques del cos humà, que tenen com a objectiu calcular la concentració de compostos químics en els teixits humans. Els models PBPK poden millorar el càlcul del risc per a la salut humana, però de moment no han estat escassament utilitzats. Entre els compostos ambientals més perillosos per a la salut humana destaquen les dibenzo-p-dioxines policlorades i dibenzofurans policlorats (PCDD/Fs) i els compostos perfluorats (PFASs).
L’objectiu de la present tesis es el desenvolupament de un model PBPK per calcular la concentració de PCDD/Fs i PFASs en teixits humans.
Prèviament al desenvolupament del model PBPK, es va desenvolupar un índex de risc utilitzant mapes auto-organitzats (SOM), per calcular els compostos ambientals més perillosos per a la salut humana. Entre els compostos més perillosos es van trobar els PFASs. Després es va desenvolupar el model PBPK per predir les concentracions de PCDD/Fs en sang i en teixit adipós. Els resultats finals van ser altament coincidents amb els resultats experimentals trobats a l’àrea de Tarragona (NE d’Espanya), y per això es va considerar el model com a validat. A continuació el model es va adaptar per calcular les concentracions de PFASs. Per això, primer es va adaptar el model per PFOS i PFOA, que són els compostos perfluorats més estudiats en la literatura, i després es va estendre el model a 9 PFASs més. Finalment, es va fer un anàlisis de la incertesa del model PBPK, i la incertesa paramètrica es va estudiar visual i estadísticament.Los modelos farmacocinéticos (PBPK) son representaciones matemáticas del cuerpo humano, que tienen como objetivo calcular la concentración de químicos en los tejidos humanos. Los modelos PBPK pueden mejorar el cálculo de riesgo para la salud humana, pero hasta el momento no han sido muy usados. Entre los compuestos ambientales más peligrosos para la salud humana destacan las dibenzo-p-dioxinas policloradas y los dibenzofuranos policlorados (PCDD/Fs) y los compuestos perfluorados (PFASs). El objetivo de la presente tesis es el desarrollo un modelo PBPK para calcular la concentración de PCDD/Fs y PFASs en tejidos humanos. Previo al desarrollo del modelo PBPK se desarrolló un índice de riesgo usando mapas auto-organizados (SOM), para calcular los compuestos ambientales más peligrosos para la salud humana. Los PFASs se encontraron entre los compuestos de más riesgo. Después se desarrolló el modelo PBPK para predecir las concentraciones de PCDD/Fs en sangre y en tejido adiposo. Los resultados finales fueron muy coincidentes con los resultados experimentales encontrados en el área de Tarragona (NE de España), y por esta razón el modelo se consideró como validado. A continuación el modelo se adaptó para calcular las concentraciones de PFASs. Para ello, primero se adaptó el modelo para PFOS y PFOA, que son los compuestos perfluorados más estudiados en la literatura, y después se extendió el modelo a otros 9 PFASs. Finalmente, se hizo un análisis de la incertidumbre del modelo PBPK, y la incertidumbre paramétrica se estudio visual y estadísticamente.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are mathematic representations of the human body that aims to assess the time course distribution of chemicals in human tissues. PBPK models may improve the assessment of human health risk but until now were not well studied. Among the most harmful environmental pollutants for human health there are polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). The objective of the present work is to develop a PBPK model to assess the time course concentration of PCDD/Fs and PFASs in human tissues. Previously to the PBPK model development, a ranking index was developed using self-organizing maps (SOM) to assess the most harmful environmental contaminants, being PFASs among the most harmful compounds. After that, the PBPK model was developed to assess and predict the concentration of PCDD/Fs in human blood and adipose tissue. The final outcomes were very coincident with the experimental data found in Tarragona County (NE of Spain), and the model was considered as a validated. After that, the model was adapted to assess the concentrations of PFASs. Firstly the model was developed for PFOS and PFOA, that are the most studied compounds in the research literature, and then the model was expended to 9 PFASs more. Finally the uncertainty analysis of the PBPK model was conducted, and the parametric uncertainty was visually and statistically studied.
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Goulart, Marília Bilemjian. "Um salve por São Paulo: narrativas da cidade e da violência em três obras recentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27161/tde-28012015-100411/.
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Esta dissertação discute o modo como a cidade de São Paulo, marcada pelos ataques do Primeiro Comando da Capital de maio de 2006, é construída em Salve Geral (Sérgio Rezende, 2009), Inversão (Edu Felistoque, 2010) e Os Inquilinos (Sergio Bianchi, 2009). Distantes dos paradigmáticos títulos cariocas que têm abordado violência e crime nas últimas décadas e em consonância com a polifórmica São Paulo do cinema, Salve Geral, Inversão e Inquilinos constroem diferentes cidades na tela. Em suas distintas opções formais e narrativas, encontramos entre os três títulos possiblidades que escapam de um apelo sensacional do evento. De modo instigante, os três filmes inserem a cobertura dos meios de comunicação em suas diegeses, colocando em pauta as interlocuções midiáticas em torno da violência, reforçando a importância das diferentes narrativas na construção do fenômeno e sugerindo uma postura reflexiva sobre a implicação dos filmes nesse conjunto de narrativas.This dissertation inquiries the ways in which the city of Sao Paulo, marked by the attacks carried out by the criminal organization PCC (First Command of the Capital) in May 2006, is shown on three recent movies: Time of Fear (Salve Geral, Sérgio Resende, 2009),The Tenants - Don\'t Like It, Leave (Os Inquilinos, Sérgio Bianchi, 2009) and Inversão (Edu Felistoque, 2010). All three movies strengthen the multiple filmic representations of Sao Paulo, and not only differ from each other, but also when compared to recent movies that deal with urban violence, specially box-office hits shot in Rio de Janeiro like City of God (Cidade de Deus, Fernando Meirelles, 2002) and Elite Squad (Tropa de Elite, José Padilha, 2007). Through its multiple narrative and formal choices, we see among the three movies possibilities that escape a sensationalistic appeal of the event. In an interesting way the three movies not only include the attacks but also the mediatic reverberations, pointing the implication of the many narratives in the building of the phenomenon of violence and encouraging a reflective thought about is own construction
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Felker, Victoria. "Characterizing the roughness of Kansas PCC and Superpave pavements /." Search for this dissertation online, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Moslavac, Suncana. "Outer membrane proteins of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120." Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-72771.
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Miranda, Helder. "Stress response in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-43086.
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Adaptation to environmental changes is important for the survival of living organisms. Under extreme abiotic conditions, organic molecules (such as lipids, proteins and nucleic acids) are prone to damage. Under these conditions stress response mechanisms are activated, either to prevent the source of damage or to promote the rapid turnover of damaged molecules. Like all photoautotrophic organisms, cyanobacteria are sensitive to high light intensity and oxidative stress, which induces damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. My thesis is divided in two subjects related to particular stress responses in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: 1) the role of Deg/HtrA proteases and 2) investigations on the small CAB-like proteins. Deg/HtrA proteases are ATP-independent serine endopeptidases with a characteristic C-terminal PDZ domain. These proteases are largely dispersed among living organisms, with many different functions, mostly involved in protein quality control. The genome of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 contains three genes coding for Deg/HtrA proteases: HtrA, HhoA and HhoB. These proteases are essential for survival under high light and heat stress, and may overlap in their functions. During my Ph.D. studies I focused on the identification of the precise localization of the Deg/HtrA proteases in the cyanobacterial cell, analyzed the biochemical properties of recombinant Synechocystis Deg/HtrA proteases in vitro and adopted proteomic and metabolomic approaches to study the physiological importance of these proteases. My data show that Deg/HtrA proteases are not only important in stress response mechanisms under adverse conditions, but are also involved in the stabilization of important physiological processes, such as polysaccharides biosynthesis and peptidoglycan turnover. The small CAB-like proteins (SCPs) belong to the light harvesting-like family of stress induced proteins and are thought to be involved in the photoprotection of the photosynthetic apparatus. Five small CAB-like proteins where identified in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (ScpA-E). In my studies I identified another relative to the SCPs, LilA, which I found to be co-transcribed with ScpD. I also focused on the subcellular localization and identification of potential interaction partners of the SCPs.
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Biondi, Karina. "Etnografia no movimento: território, hierarquia e lei no PCC." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/246.
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Previous issue date: 2014-09-09Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
The First Command of the Capital (PCC), approached here as a Movement, appeared in São Paulo s prisons in the early 1990s and today is present in the majority of penal institutions and urban areas within the State of São Paulo. This approach taken here has two important implications for the thesis. Firstly, it demands reflection on an ethnography in motion. Secondly, instead of conduce to the exposure of forms, it required to make the description of the PCC-making. Thus, this thesis concerns the modes of doing PCC and ethnography. Methods therefore. The seemingly abstract notions that gave name to the parts of this thesis (motion, idea and situation), associated with others that were called to make the descriptions, they all show a (mobile) way of existing and seeing this existence which can be called PCC. Inspired by this practice of knowledge, this thesis presents the description (1) of the movement, composed of countless movements that, refusing spatial demarcations, lead to a critique of the notion of territory; (2) of the ideas, which, without defined origin and predictable or definitive end, bring into question the ways in which the concept of hierarchy are worked in the social sciences; (3) of the situations, which displace the notion of law to not legalistic bases. In short, this thesis presents some characteristics of PCC that allow to replace some key concepts to anthropology. These displacements give the title to this thesis: before naming what will be described, this title indicates what will be challenged by my description about the PCC.
O Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC), abordado aqui como um Movimento, apareceu nas prisões paulistas no início da década de 1990 e hoje está presente na maior parte não só das instituições penais como também das zonas urbanas do Estado de São Paulo. Essa abordagem trouxe duas implicações importantes para a tese. Em primeiro lugar, requisitou reflexões sobre uma etnografia também em movimento. Em segundo lugar, ao invés de levar a exposição de formas, exigiu a descrição do fazer- PCC. Assim, esta tese diz respeito a modos de fazer o PCC e uma etnografia. Métodos, portanto. As noções aparentemente abstratas que deram nome às partes da tese (movimento, ideia e situação), associadas a outras tantas que, se não intitularam capítulos ou subcapítulos, foram requisitadas para dar conta das descrições, todas elas evidenciam um modo um tanto móvel, decerto não só de existir como também de enxergar essa existência, a que pode-se chamar de PCC. Inspirada por essa prática de conhecimento, esta tese apresenta a descrição (1) do movimento, composto por inúmeros movimentos que, ao recusarem as demarcações espaciais, conduzem a uma crítica da noção de território; (2) das ideias, que, sem origem definida nem fim previsível ou mesmo definitivo, põem em questão os modos como o conceito de hierarquia é trabalhado nas ciências sociais; (3) das situações, que deslocam a noção de lei para bases não legalistas. Em suma, esta tese apresenta algumas características do Comando que permitem recolocar alguns conceitos caros à antropologia. São esses deslocamentos que dão o título a esta tese: antes de nomear o que será descrito, esse título indica o que será desafiado por minha descrição acerca do PCC.
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Brandenburg, Fabian [Verfasser]. "Manganhomöostase im Cyanobakterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 / Fabian Brandenburg." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155357256/34.
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Tottey, Stephen. "Copper transport and metal specificity in Synechocystis PCC 6803." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391269.
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IMPERIAL, JULIANA CARPES. "TECHNIQUES FOR THE USE OF HOARE LOGIC IN PCC." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4428@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORAtualmente, a maioria dos programas para computadores é obtida através da WEB. Como muitas vezes a procedência são fontes desconhecidas, é preciso se certificar de que o código se comporta como o esperado. A solução ideal seria verificar o código contra uma especificação de políticas de segurança ,contudo, isso pode consumir muito tempo.Uma outra alternativa é fazer com que o próprio código prove ser seguro. O conceito de proof-carryng code (PCC)é baseado nessa idéia : um programa carrega consigo uma prova de sua conformidade com certas políticas de segurança. Ou seja ,ele carrega uma prova a respeito de propriedades do próprio código. Portanto, os mesmos métodos froamsi usados para a verificação de programs podem se utilizados para esta tecnolgia. Considerando este fato,neste trabalho é estudado como cálculo de Hoare, em método formal para realizar a verificação de programas, aplicado a códigos-fonte escritos em uma linguagem de programação imperativa, pode ser útil á tecnica de PCC. Conseqüentemente, são pesquisados métodos para a geração de provas de correção de programas utilizando o método citado, para tornar possível a geração de provas de segurança para PCC utilizando o cálculo de Hoare.
Nowdays most computer programs are obtained from the WEB. Since their source is usually unknown, it is necessary to be sure that the code of the program behaves as expected.The ideal solution would be verify the code against a specification of safety policies.However, this can take too much time.Another approach is making the code itself prove that it is safe. The concept os proof-carryng code (PCC) is based on this idea: a program carries a proof of its conformity with certain safety policies. That is , it carries a proof cencerning properties related to the code itself. Therefore, the same formal methods employed in formal verification of programs can be used in this tecnology. Due to this fact, in this work it is studied how Hoare logic applied to source codes written in an imperative programming language, which is a formal methods are researched to generate proofs of program correctness using the method explained, so that it can be possible to generate PCC safety programs with Hoare logic.
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Karajicic, Slavica. "Patient-centred care (PCC) as idea, process and practice." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29830.
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This thesis contributes to the stream of studies that indicate a transformation of the future education of
medical professionals to better address patients’ needs and promote a positive attitude towards patientcentredness
in medical education. The main goal is to identify the characteristics of patient-centred care
(PCC) as ideas, processes, and practices from a medical student’s perspective in Portugal and Sweden.
The comparative study aims to answer where the differences between these two students’ groups stand
within PCC education, patient-centred beliefs, and self-perceived ability to practice PCC and, specifically,
how Portuguese medical students perceive Portuguese PCC practice and potential barriers. Quantitative
(questionnaires) and qualitative data collection (curriculum analysis and interviews) are performed.
Curriculum analysis indicates that learning about the PCC phenomena in both countries is fragmented
across the various courses, considering that in Portugal a significant number (40%) of courses are elective.
While the Portuguese curricula focus on the knowledge, the Swedish encourages skills development.
Medical students show more caring than sharing attitudes in both countries, and female medical students
have a more positive attitude toward PCC. Previous work experience does not affect the attitudes of a
medical student to the PCC; nonetheless, it does affect the self-perception of medical student confidence
in the information and power-sharing segment and dealing with communicative challenges. Portuguese
students consider that the barriers to the implementation of the PCC in Portuguese practice come from
the system, doctor, and patient. The implications of the study findings are discussed concerning both
wider theoretical perspectives and practical solutions for policymakers and doctors on these aspects of
their work. The present study reveals the need for developing an In-Service PCC Guide with all the key
elements and activities that reflect the essence of the PCC concept in practice, and that could help medical
students when they start their daily practical work with patients; RESUMO:
Cuidado centrado no paciente (PCC) como ideia, processo e prática
Esta tese contribui para a corrente de estudos que apontam para uma transformação, no futuro, da
educação dos profissionais médicos para melhor atender às necessidades do paciente e promover uma
atitude positiva em relação à centralização no paciente, da educação médica. O objetivo principal é
identificar as características dos cuidados centrados no paciente (PCC), nomeadamente ideias, processos
e práticas na perspetiva dos estudantes de medicina em Portugal e na Suécia. O estudo comparativo
realizado visa conhecer as diferenças entre esses dois grupos de estudantes relativamente à
educação/formação em PCC, as crenças centradas no paciente e capacidade auto percebida de praticar
o PCC; e ainda, compreender como os estudantes de medicina portugueses percebem a prática
portuguesa do PCC e as potenciais barreiras à mesma. Foram realizadas recolhas de dados quantitativos
(questionários) e qualitativos (análise curricular e entrevistas). A análise curricular indica que a
aprendizagem sobre o fenómeno PCC nos dois países está fragmentada nos vários cursos, sendo que em
Portugal grande parte (40%) ainda integra currículos optativos. Enquanto o currículo de português se
concentra no conhecimento, o sueco incentiva o desenvolvimento de habilidades. Os estudantes de
medicina mostram atitudes mais carinhosas do que compartilhadas em ambos os países, e as estudantes
femininas têm uma atitude mais positiva em relação à PCC. A experiência anterior de trabalho não afeta
as atitudes do estudante de medicina em relação à PCC; no entanto, afeta a autopercepção da confiança
do estudante de medicina no segmento de partilha de informações e poder e de lidar com os desafios
comunicativos. Os estudantes Portugueses consideram que as barreiras à implementação da PCC na
prática portuguesa vêm do sistema, do médico e do paciente. As implicações dos resultados do estudo
são discutidas em relação a perspetivas teóricas mais amplas e soluções práticas para os formuladores de
políticas e para os médicos, sobre esses aspetos de seu trabalho quotidiano. Este estudo revela a
necessidade de desenvolver um “In-Service PCC Guide” com todos os elementos e atividades que
refletem a essência do conceito de PCC na prática e que possam ajudar os estudantes de medicina quando
iniciam o seu trabalho prático quotidiano com os pacientes.
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Cano, Melissa. "Bioproduction d'hydrogène par la cyanobactérie synechocystis sp. PCC 6803." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4045/document.
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Les microorganismes photosynthétiques suscitent un intérêt biotechnologique important pour la production de dihydrogène. La cyanobactérie Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 est capable d'initier une photoproduction d'hydrogène catalysée par une hydrogénase [NiFe] bidirectionnelle qui se présente sous la forme d'un complexe pentamérique (HoxEFUYH). Toutefois l'inhibition de cette enzyme par l'oxygène émis par le photosystème II rend cette photoproduction transitoire et constitue un verrou majeur au développement de tels procédés. L'exploitation de ces organismes impose une meilleure compréhension des bases moléculaires associées à la sensibilité de l'hydrogénase envers l'oxygène ainsi que des composantes limitant son activité de production d'H2, ce qui implique la connaissance détaillée des jeux d'interactions avec ses partenaires physiologiques NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H.Diverses substitutions d'acides aminés potentiellement impliqués dans la sensibilité de l'enzyme à l'O2 et situés au cœur du site actif (Ileu64, Leu107, Leu112) de la sous-unité catalytique HoxH ont été réalisées. Les résultats in vitro et in vivo indiquent une sensibilité envers l'O2 moindre chez le mutant I64M, qui présente une diffusion limitée et un biais vers l'activité de production d'H2.L'étude des interactions de mutants de délétion des gènes diaphorase hoxE et hoxF avec les cofacteurs NAD(P) a montré que NAD+/NADH semblent être les partenaires privilégiés de l'hydrogénase pour le transfert d'électrons, tandis que le NADPH a un effet activateur sur l'enzyme.Ces études apportent des éléments importants pour envisager une optimisation ciblée et maîtrisée pour la bioproduction d'H2Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms are a matter of great biotechnological interest for the production of dihydrogen using what seem to be infinite resources, water and solar energy. The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 encodes a bidirectional [NiFe] hydrogenase consisting of a pentameric complex (HoxEFUYH) that allows it to carry H2 photoproduction. However, it is a transient process, mainly due to the oxygen sensitivity of hydrogenases, O2 being produced at PSII during photosynthesis. Future exploitation of these organisms in bioprocesses requires a better understanding of the molecular bases of O2 sensitivity of the hydrogenase and of the elements limiting H2 evolution which involves detailed knowledge of the interactions of the enzyme with its physiological partners NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H.Various mutants of the Synechocystis hydrogenase were created by genetic engineering, targeting specific amino acid residues (Ileu64, Leu107, Leu112) in the catalytic subunit HoxH identified as putative critical elements for O2 sensitivity. Results obtained in vitro and in vivo indicate that the substitution I64M slightly improves O2 tolerance and alters gas diffusion kinetics with a bias towards H2 production. Studying the interaction of diaphorase gene-deletion mutants hoxF and hoxE with partners NAD(P) showed that NAD+/NADH are the preferential electron acceptor/donor of the hydrogenase, while NADPH is more efficient for enzyme activation.These studies provide first insights on the determinants of the oxygen sensitivity of the hydrogenase of Synechocystis and its activation, which are critical elements to consider in targeted optimization for bioproduction of H2
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Zilliges, Yvonne. "Molekulare Funktionsanalyse von Microcystin in Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15782.
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Microcystine sind die wohl bekanntesten cyanobakteriellen Toxine. Sie werden im Wesentlichen durch die im Süßwasser weltweit verbreitete, koloniebildende Gattung Microcystis synthetisiert. Die biologische Funktion dieser Peptide ist jedoch ungeklärt. In dieser Studie wurde die Fragestellung erstmals über einen globalen Ansatz auf molekularer Ebene analysiert. Die proteomischen Analysen zwischen M. aeruginosa PCC 7806/ Wildtyp und einigen Microcystin-freien Mutanten deuten auf eine physiologische Rolle der Microcystine. Microcystine beeinflussen die Abundanz zahlreicher Proteine. Prominentester Vertreter ist RubisCO – Schlüsselenzym des Calvin Zyklus. RubisCO und andere im 2D selektierte Proteine konnten außerdem als mögliche zelluläre Bindepartner des Microcystins identifiziert werden. Möglicherweise bindet MC an bestimmte Cysteinreste dieser Proteine. Mit dem Knockout der mcy-Gene geht außerdem eine Überexpression eines Morphotyp-spezifischen Proteins einher, das MrpC genannt wurde. Dieses Protein vermittelt möglicherweise Zell-Zell-Interaktionen in Microcystis.Microcystins are the most common cyanobacterial toxins found in freshwater lakes and reservoirs throughout the world. They are frequently produced by the unicellular, colonial cyanobacterium Microcystis; however, the role of the peptide for the producing organismen is poorly understood. In this study we describe the first global approach to investigate this topic on a molecular level. Proteomic studies with M. aeruginosa PCC 7806 wild-type and several microcystin-deficient mutants indicated a physiological function for microcystin. Microcystin was shown to influence the abundance of several proteins which have an intra- or extracellular function. A prominent candidate is RubisCO, the key enzyme of the calvin cycle. RubisCO and other proteins, initially selected by 2D analysis, are putative cellular binding partners of microcystin. A potentially interaction mechanismen is the kovalent binding of microcystin to cysteine residues of the protein. Moreover, several knockouts of microcystin biosynthesis genes result in an overexpression of a putative morpho-type specific factor, named MrpC. This protein possibly mediates cell-cell interactions in Microcystis.
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SILVA, JÚNIOR Auvani Antunes da. "Imunossensor baseado em grafeno-polissulfona para detecção da artrite reumatoide: antipeptídeo citrulinado." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17776.
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A artrite reumatóide (AR) é uma doença crônico-degenerativa, sistêmica, auto-imune. Atualmente, o anticorpo antipeptídeo citrulinado cíclico (Anti-PCC) é considerado o marcador mais importante para o diagnóstico preditivo e prognóstico da AR. Neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se um imunossensor eletroquímico para detecção do Anti-PCC, a partir da modificação da superfície de um eletrodo de carbono vítreo com nanocompósito de óxido de grafeno reduzido-polissulfona (Gor-PSF) o qual apresenta boas características de aumento da área eletrocatalítica e imobilização de moléculas biológicas. Foram realizados capturas de imagens micrográficas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura da superfície do eletrodo de trabalho antes e após sua modificação, pelas quais foi possível comprovar uma superfície lisa não modificada sem estruturas adsorvidas após limpeza física, e que a superfície modificada com Gor-PSF apresentou um recobrimento ideal de toda a superfície com a presença de uma estrutura esponjosa comprovando a modificação da área de trabalho. Para captura do Anti-PCC, antígenos citrulina (CCP-Ag) foram imobilizados sobre a superfície eletródica do nanocompósito por provável ligação covalente entre os grupos amino e carboxilícos presentes no CCP-Ag e no óxido de grafeno reduzido, respectivamente. A técnica de voltametria de onda quadrada (VOQ) foi empregada para detecção do Anti-PCC, produzindo um imunossensor livre de marcação. Observou-se que o GOR-PSF foi capaz de aumentar a corrente de pico anódico (Ipa) 2,2 vezes mais, comparado com o controle (sem GOR-PSF) demonstrando que o filme proporcionou melhor capacidade eletrocatalítica, sendo também estável (coeficiente de variação da corrente < 1 %) avaliado por submeter o eletrodo a 20 ciclos consecutivos de voltametria cíclica. O imunossensor proposto apresentou uma boa linearidade com r=0,983 (p<0.003; n = 5) e limite de detecção de 0,004 ng/mL de Anti-PCC. A plataforma sensora demonstrou propriedades desejáveis de estabilidade, sensibilidade e reprodutibilidade na detecção de Anti-PCC com perspectivas de desenvolvimento de dispositivos “point-of-care”.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic degenerative disease, systemic, autoimmune. Currently, the cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) is considered the most important predictive marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of RA. In this work, we developed an electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of anti-CCP, from the surface modification of a glassy carbon electrode with nanocomposite reduced-polysulfone graphene oxide (GOr-PSU) which has good rise characteristics of electrocatalytic area and immobilization of biological molecules. of micrographic images catches were performed by scanning electron microscopy of the surface of the working electrode before and after modification, by which it was possible to establish a smooth unmodified without adsorbed structures after physical cleaning, and that the modified surface with GOr-PSU presented an ideal coating the entire surface with the presence of a spongy structure confirming the modification of the work area. For capture of anti-CCP, citrulline antigens (Ag-CCP) were immobilized on the electrode surface of the nanocomposite probably due to covalent bond between the amino and carboxylic groups present in the CCP-Ag and the reduced graphene oxide, respectively. Square wave voltammetry technique (VOQ) was used for detection of anti-CCP producing a marking-free immunosensor. It was observed that the GOR-PSU was capable of increasing the anodic peak current (IPA) 2.2 times as compared with the control (without GOr-PSU) demonstrating that the electrocatalytic film provided better capacity also being stable (coefficient the variation of the current <1%) evaluated by subjecting the electrode 20 consecutive cycles of cyclic voltammetry. The proposed immunosensor exhibited good linearity with r = 0.983 (p <0.003; n = 5) and a detection limit of 0.004 ng / ml anti-CCP. The sensing platform demonstrated desirable properties of stability, sensitivity and reproducibility in the Anti-CCP detection with prospects of development of devices "point-of-care."
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Bao, Zhichao. "A Study for Improving the Thermal Efficiency of Diesel Engines by Split Injection Strategy." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253388.
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Kordik, Andrew Michael. "Hardware Implementation of Post-Compression Rate-Distortion Optimization for EBCOT in JPEG2000." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1313791202.
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Boccadamo, Danilo. "Analisi preliminare di combustioni innovative su un motore diesel di piccola cilindrata." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7288/.
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Analisi delle emissioni di inquinanti per combustioni innovative Dual-Fuel e Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) operate su un motore Diesel, nel laboratorio di propulsione e macchine della Scuola d'Ingegneria e Architettura con sede a Forlì. Tale studio è stato realizzato in quanto la riduzione delle emissioni e dei consumi sono caratteristiche di primo impatto per la competitività sul mercato di un motore e poiché le emissioni di inquinanti sono regolate da standard europei che ne esigono la continua riduzione. L'obiettivo della ricerca è quello di definire un pattern di combustioni, variando il valore e la sincronizzazione dei parametri delle attuazioni, che consenta la riduzione di inquinanti senza compromettere le prestazioni. Capire come ottenere minori emissioni di inquinanti significa poter far rientrare anche i motori diesel nelle future normative EURO 6 (già definite ed in vigore da Settembre 2014), e di seguire studi paralleli sulla riduzione dei consumi sui quali sono già stati riscontrati risultati positivi.
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Rey, Martínez María Dolores. "Formación de PCDD/Fs y otros contaminantes en procesos térmicos: aprovechamiento de biomasa y motores de combustión interna." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/41125.
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Cornea, Flavia. "Evaluation of an alternative extraction method of PCDD/Fs from flue gas samples." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124550.
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Kang, Jeongho. "Study on Combustion Improvement in Natural Gas fueled PCCI and Dual Fuel Engines." Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180451.
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Villarreal, Angela De Maio Louis J. "El programa de communicación padre-niño (PCCP) /." 2007. http://www.mnstate.edu/pccp/.
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Tseng, Yi-hon, and 曾亦宏. "PCDD/Fs Distribution Characteristics." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30737120076424258759.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系
91
Thermal destruction (i.e. incineration) is one of the most effective processes to treat municipal solid waste (MSW) in view of the volume reduction. However, the secondary pollutions come out from the incinerator is a conflict issue about this state-of-art technology. Formation of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the flue gas and ash from the incineration system was recognized by two major pathways. One is incompletely destruction of the waste resources, the other is reformation by the precursors mechanism and de novo synthesis, respectively. Studies showed that the conditions in the post-combustion region are strongly influencing the formation these products of incomplete combustion (PICs). The favored temperature range and high surface area in the particulate matter play the important roles to increase the concentration of PCDD/Fs. The high removal efficiency of particulate active carbon injection was to apply for most of incineration systems to reduce the heavy metal compounds and PCDD/Fs. The adsorption carbon residue in the fly ash stream is still a controversial issue for the final disposal treatment. The preliminary investigation in this study is to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of fly ash from two different thermal processes ( incinerator and steel arc furnace). The ash samples were collected at the units of air pollution control devices (APCDs). The results showed that PCDD/Fs concentration of fly ash is dependent on the chlorine contents and the active surface area. The comparison between the raw fly ash as received from the APCDs and the treated fly ash by the model precursors is made in this study. The operation parameters and the matrix of fly ash for the physical and chemical characteristics were investigated. Inducing precursors experiments took place in a laboratory scales packed bed reactor. Investigation of the correlation between the precursor compounds and the PCDD/Fs congeners profile is the trust of this study. The remaining PCDD/Fs in the matrix of fly ash would be demonstrated to understand the PCDD/Fs fate and the rate determining step during the PCDD/Fs formation and destruction. Based on these information, to identify the original PCDD/Fs pollution sources from the environmental medium may be possible.
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Matias, Ana Rita Neto. "Simulação numérica do desempenho de células solares." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/37224.
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Tese de mestrado integrado, Engenharia da Energia e do Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2019O estudo e investigação das células solares, por parte da comunidade científica, é vital para se conseguir atingir o potencial máximo dos sistemas fotovoltaicos. Ao longo do tempo têm sido realizados estudos sobre os princípios de funcionamento das células de modo a otimizar o seu desempenho, melhorando a eficiência e reduzindo os custos desta tecnologia. No decorrer deste trabalho serão realizados estudos dos parâmetros que influenciam o desempenho de uma célula solar e, para tal, recorrer-se-á a um programa que permite efetuar simulações a uma dimensão, o PC1D. Com o auxílio das curvas I-V e das eficiências quânticas obtidas com recurso a este programa analisou-se o impacto dos seguintes fatores: temperatura, resistências parasitas, dopagem, recombinação, tempo de vida, texturização, camada de passivação e back surface field (BSF). Serão, também, estudadas e analisadas diferentes estruturas de células solares, tais como, a célula com emissor seletivo (SE), a célula com contacto traseiro interdigitado (IBC) e a célula emitter wrap-through (EWT). A realização do estudo destas células será efetuada com recurso a outros dois simuladores numéricos, nomeadamente, o PC2D e o Quokka, que permitem efetuar simulações a duas e três dimensões. Para o estudo das células mencionadas recorrer-se-á às respetivas curvas I-V, eficiências quânticas, corrente induzida por feixe de luz e distribuição de potenciais de quasi-Fermi.
The study and research of solar cells by the scientific community is vital to achieve the maximum potential of photovoltaic systems. Over time, studies have been carried out on cell operating principles to optimize its performance, improving efficiency and lowering the costs of this technology. Throughout this work there will be carried out studies of the parameters that influence the performance of a solar cell and, for this, will be used a program that performs 1D simulations, PC1D. With the aid of the I-V curves and the quantum efficiencies obtained with PC1D, the impact of the following factors will be studied: temperature, parasite resistance, doping, recombination, lifetime, texturing, passivation layer and back surface field (BSF). Different types of solar cells will also be studied and analyzed, such as, selective emitter solar cell (SE), interdigitated back contact solar cell (IBC) and emitter wrap-through solar cell (EWT). The study of these cells will be carried out using other two numerical simulators, namely, PC2D and Quokka, that allow for 2 and 3D simulations. For the study of the mentioned cells will be used the respective I-V curves, quantum efficiencies, light beam induced current scans and quasi-Fermi potential distributions.
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Tseng, Po-Hsiang, and 曾博祥. "Two-Switch PCCM Buck Converter." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23327193030934007585.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
電機工程學系
103
In this thesis, we consider the design and simulation of a pseudo-continuous conduction mode (PCCM) buck converter. Two switches are used to implement the PCCM operation.Simulation results verify the beneifit of the used PCCM buck converter.