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Journal articles on the topic 'PC-LEDs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Nguyen Thi, My Hanh, Nguyen Thi Phuong Loan, and Hoang Van Ngoc. "Enhancing light scattering effect of white LEDs with ZnO nanostructures." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 3838. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp3838-3843.

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Pc-LEDs, the lighting method that blends blue LED light with yellow light from phosphor to discharge white radiation, is one of the most advance known for high lumen output. However, pc-LEDs has inferior due to angular CCT deviation, which prevent pc-LEDs from reaching better performance. As a result, this research is conducted to address the need of pc-LEDs development by introducing a configuration doped with ZnO nanoparticles. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and the phosphor layer containing ZnO were applied in the experiments. The effect of ZnO-filled on the performance of color quality pc-LEDs is confirmed through calculated results. In particular, the uniformity of scattered light is improved with the presence of ZnO. In addition, ZnO particles also minimize the deviation of color temperature and enhance the color quality. Although there is a small decline in lumen output to achieve better color temperature uniformity, however, with suitable concentrations such as 0.25% N-ZnO, 0.25% S-ZnO, and 0. 75% R-ZnO, the decline is acceptable. The research on ZnO pc-LEDs demonstrates that this affordable and simple configuration can improve lighting properties and create other directions to enhance white light

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2

Lei, Po-Hsun, Po-Chun Yang, and Po-Chun Huang. "Investigation of Photonic-Crystal-Structured p-GaN Nanorods Fabricated by Polystyrene Nanosphere Lithography Method to Improve the Light Extraction Efficiency of InGaN/GaN Green Light-Emitting Diodes." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 2200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092200.

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We fabricated the photonic-crystal-structured p-GaN (PC-structured p-GaN) nanorods using the modified polystyrene nanosphere (PS NS) lithography method for InGaN/GaN green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to enhance the light extraction efficiency (LEE). A modified PS NS lithography method including two-times spin-coating processes and the post-spin-coating heating treatment was used to obtain a self-assembly close-packed PS NS array of monolayer as a mask and then a partially dry etching process was applied to PS NS, SiO2, and p-GaN to form PC-structured p-GaN nanorods on the InGaN/GaN green LEDs. The light output intensity and LEE of InGaN/GaN green LEDs with the PC-structured p-GaN nanorods depend on the period, diameter, and height of PC-structured p-GaN nanorods. RSoft FullWAVE software based on the three-dimension finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm was used to calculate the LEE of InGaN/GaN green LEDs with PC-structured p-GaN nanorods of the varied period, diameter, and height. The optimal period, diameter, and height of PC-structured p-GaN nanorods are 150, 350, and 110 nm. The InGaN/GaN green LEDs with optimal PC-structured p-GaN nanorods exhibit an enhancement of 41% of emission intensity under the driving current of 20 mA as compared to conventional LED.

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Thuy My, Le Thi, My Hanh Nguyen Thi, and Hoang Thinh Nhan. "Yellow-green emitting CaGa2S4:Eu2+ phosphor: an application for enhancing the luminous flux of the white light emitting diodes." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 32, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v32.i1.pp90-97.

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The <span lang="EN-GB">optimal spectral characteristics and photometric qualities in white-emitting light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) featuring red-emitting LEDs instead of phosphor (pc/R-WLEDs) were determined using the luminescent efficiency (LE) theory. The color quality scale (Rf) is higher than 97K for correlating color temperature (CCTs) ranging between 2700K and 6500K. We first identified genuine pc/R-WLEDs having Rf levels at 96–97, LE levels at 120–124 lm/W with CCT levels at 2969K, 4468K, 5682K, as well as 6558K with the utilization of all four-color phosphors: blues (448 nm), reddish (650 nm) LEDs, greenish (507 nm), and yellowish (586 nm). When compared to phosphorus-converted white-emitting LEDs (pc-WLEDs) and quantum dots white-emitting LEDs (QD-WLEDs), the pc/R-WLEDs, rather than the QD-WLED, would make better representatives of improved color version, notably in the reduced color temperatures, and could eventually replace current pc-WLEDs</span>.

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Phuong Loan, Nguyen Thi, and Nguyen Doan Quoc Anh. "Utilizing CaCO3, CaF2, SiO2, and TiO2 particles to enhance color homogeneity and luminous flux of WLEDs." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 5175. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp5175-5182.

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The chromatic homogeneity and luminous efficiency are two crucial elements for determining a high-quality phosphor-converted LEDs (pc-LEDs). Thus, this paper provides essential information in choosing the particles to enhance lighting properties of high performance pc-LEDs. Scattering enhancement particles (SEP) such as CaCO3, CaF2, SiO2, and TiO2, are combined with yellow phosphor Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ and applied to the lighting devices. Initially, optical simulations are carried out with the support of LightTools program. Next, the Mie-theory is applied to calculate and confirm the results. The calculation subjects are SEPs scattering properties within the band 455 -595 nm. The scattering results of TiO2 suggest it is the optimal choice for pc-LEDs color quality in comparison to the other SEPs; however, it causes the luminous flux to decrease significantly along with the increase in its concentration. Besides, with the addition of SiO2 grains, we can accomplish higher lumen output at all particle sizes. Meanwhile, the application of 30% CaCO3 can decrease the CCT deviation by 620 K making CaCO3 the potential particle to be selected for chromatic quality and light output enhancement of pc-LEDs.

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5

Bauer, Stefan. "Blue-Light Hazard of Light-Emitting Diodes Assessed with Gaussian Functions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020680.

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The high blue proportion of phosphor-conversion white-light emitting diodes (pc-LEDs), especially of those with higher correlated color temperatures (CCT), raises concern about photochemically induced retinal damages. Although almost all general lighting service LEDs are safe, other applications exist, like spotlights for theatres or at construction sites, that can pose a severe blue-light hazard (BLH) risk, and their photobiological safety must be assessed. Because of required but challenging radiance measurements, a calculative approach can be supportive for risk assessment. It is the aim of this work to exploit Gaussian functions to study LED parameter variations affecting BLH exposure. Gaussian curve approximations for color LEDs, the BLH action spectrum, and the spectral luminous efficiency for photopic vision enabled analytically solving the BLH efficiency, ηB, and the BLH efficacy of luminous radiation, KB,v. It was found that sigmoidal functions describe the CCT dependence of ηB and KB,v for different color LEDs with equal spectral bandwidth. Regarding pc-LEDs, variations of peak wavelengths, intensities, and bandwidths led to linear or parabolic shaped chromaticity coordinate correlations. ηB and KB,v showed pronounced CCT dependent extrema that might be exploited to reduce BLH. Finally, an experimental test of the presented Gaussian approach yielded its successful applicability for color and pc-LEDs but a minor accuracy for blue and green LEDs.

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6

Kräuter, Gertrud, Angela Eberhardt, Florian Peskoller, Nusret Sena Güldal, Alfred Lell, Riina Ritasalo, Tero Pilvi, Manfred Römer, Gerhard Domann, and Peer Löbmann. "Sol–gel matrix for YAG:Ce phosphors in pc-LEDs." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 97, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-020-05457-y.

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AbstractSol–gel formulations were applied to replace silicone as matrix material for phosphors in pc-LEDs. The content of organic groups was minimized in order to reduce yellowing during the operation of the elements. It was possible to evenly embed YAG:Ce particles in sol–gel binders. Further processing on LED chips resulted in operational light sources; and their performance was compared to standard silicone-based elements. Additional deposition of ALD laminates seals possible defects within the sol–gel matrix as additional protection of the phosphors and the underlying LEDs.

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7

Lee, Hoyoung, Sungho Cho, Jongguk Lim, Ahyeong Lee, Giyoung Kim, Doo-Jin Song, Seung-Woo Chun, Min-Jee Kim, and Changyeun Mo. "Performance Comparison of Tungsten-Halogen Light and Phosphor-Converted NIR LED in Soluble Solid Content Estimation of Apple." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041961.

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A Tungsten-Halogen (TH) lamp is the most popular light source in NIR spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging, which requires a warm-up to reach very high temperatures of up to 250 °C and take a long time for radiation stabilization. Consequently, it has a large enough volume to enable heat dissipation to prevent the thermal runaway of the electric circuit and turn out its power efficiency very low. These are major barriers for miniaturizing spectral systems and hyperspectral imaging devices. However, TH lamps can be replaced by pc-NIR LEDs in order to avoid high temperature and large volume. We compared the spectral emission of the available commercial pc-NIR LEDs under the same condition. As a replacement for the TH lamp, the VIS + NIR LED module was developed to combine a warm-white LED and pc-NIR LEDs. In order to feature out the availability of the VIS + NIR LED module against the TH lamp, they were used as the light source for evaluating the Soluble Solid Content (SSC) of an apple through VIS-NIR spectroscopy. The results show a remarkable feasibility in the performance of the partial least square (PLS) model using the VIS + NIR LED module; during PLS calibration, the correlation coefficient (R) values are 0.664 and 0.701, and the Mean Square Error (MSE) values are 0.681 and 0.602 for the TH lamp and VIS + NIR LED module, respectively. In VIS-NIR spectroscopy, this study indicates that the TH lamp could be replaceable with a warm-white LED and pc-NIR LEDs.

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Yanagihara, Ai, and Katsumi Kishino. "Monolithically integrated green-to-orange color InGaN-based nanocolumn photonic crystal LEDs with directional radiation beam profiles." Applied Physics Express 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 022013. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/ac4674.

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Abstract In this study, the monolithic integration of LEDs with different emission colors (wavelengths of 543, 573, and 597 nm) with the directional radiation profiles was demonstrated. InGaN/GaN nanocolumn arrays ordered in a triangular lattice were prepared side by side, changing the diameter of the n-GaN nanocolumn (D n-GaN). The periodic arrangement of the nanocolumns led to the photonic crystal (PC) effect. The photonic band edge wavelength (λ B) and the InGaN bandgap were controlled by the D n-GaN. By controlling λ B closely at the bandgap wavelength, the PC effect provided directional beam radiation from the LEDs with radiation angles of approximately ±30°.

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9

Shao, Qiyue, Hao Ding, Leqi Yao, Junfeng Xu, Chao Liang, and Jianqing Jiang. "Photoluminescence properties of a ScBO3:Cr3+ phosphor and its applications for broadband near-infrared LEDs." RSC Advances 8, no. 22 (2018): 12035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra01084f.

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10

Li, Biaomin, Shihong Xia, Wei Guo, Zhenhai Yang, Yuheng Zeng, Zhizhong Yuan, and Jichun Ye. "Promoting Light Extraction Efficiency of Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes by Nanostructure Optimization." Crystals 12, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111601.

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Ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs), as one of the more promising optoelectronic devices, are intrinsically limited by poor light extraction efficiencies (LEEs). To unlock the full potential of UV-LEDs, we propose a simple and effective strategy to promote the LEEs of UV-LEDs by screening and tailoring suitable optical structures/designs through rigorous numerical simulations. The photonic crystals (PCs) and/or nano-patterned sapphire substrates (NPSSs) equipped with the nano-pillar, nano-cone, nano-oval, and their derivates, are particularly investigated. The simulated results show that individual PC with an average transmittance of 28% is more efficient than that of individual NPSS (24.8%). By coupling PC and NPSS structures, a higher LEE with an average transmittance approaching 29% is obtained, much higher than that of the flat one (23.6%). The involved mechanisms are clarified and confirm that the promotion of optical performance of the nanostructured devices should be attributed to the widened response angles (from 0 to 60°), rather than the enhanced transmittances in the small angles within 30°.

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11

Liu, Shengqiang, Zhizhen Wang, Hao Cai, Zhen Song, and Quanlin Liu. "Highly efficient near-infrared phosphor LaMgGa11O19:Cr3+." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 6 (2020): 1467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qi00063a.

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LaMgGa₁₁O₁₉:Cr³⁺ phosphor was synthesized successfully, showing broadband NIR emission centered at ∼770 nm, high efficiency and excellent thermal quenching resistance for pc-LEDs.

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12

Chang, Yu-Yu, Benoît Glorieux, Chien-Hung Hsu, Ching-Cherng Sun, Liang-Zhu Yu, Tsung-Hsun Yang, and Te-Yuan Chung. "Influence of ZrO2 particles on the optical properties of pc-LEDs." Optical Materials 55 (May 2016): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2016.03.025.

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13

Li, Chao, Xiao-Ming Wang, Feng-Feng Chi, Zu-Pei Yang, and Huan Jiao. "A narrow-band blue emitting phosphor Ca8Mg7Si9N22:Eu2+ for pc-LEDs." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 13 (2019): 3730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc00855a.

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Ca₈Mg₇Si₉N₂₂ crystallizes in a tetragonal space group P4₂/nmc (No. 137) with a unit cell of a = 7.3271(11) Å and c = 10.336(2) Å. Ca₈Mg₇Si₉N₂₂:Eu²⁺ shows a narrow-band blue emission peaking at 400 nm with an intriguing bandwidth ∼34 nm and shows remarkably high thermal quenching resistance, maintaining 92% photoluminescence emission intensity at 420 K and 75% at 700 K of that measured at room temperature.

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14

Contreras-Ropero, Jefferson E., Valentina S. Lidueñez-Ballesteros, Angie D. Rodríguez-Bohórquez, Janet B. García-Martínez, Néstor A. Urbina-Suarez, Germán L. López-Barrera, Andrés F. Barajas-Solano, Samantha J. Bryan, and Antonio Zuorro. "The Effect of LEDs on Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 11664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211664.

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This study evaluates the role of different LED lights (white, blue/red), intensity (µmol m−2 s−1), and photoperiod in the production of biomass and phycocyanin-C, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin (C-PC, APC, and PE respectively) from a novel thermotolerant strain of Oscillatoria sp. Results show that a mixture of white with blue/red LEDs can effectively double the biomass concentration up to 1.3 g/L, while the concentration of the selected phycobiliproteins increased proportionally to biomass. Results also indicate that high light intensities (>120 µmol m−2 s−1) can diminish the final concentration of C-PC, APC, and PE, significantly reducing the overall biomass produced. Finally, the photoperiod analysis showed that longer light exposure times (18:6 h) improved both biomass and phycobiliproteins concentration. These results demonstrate that the application of LEDs to produce a novel strain of Oscillatoria sp can double the biomass concentration, and the photoperiod regulation can eventually enhance the final concentration of specific phycobiliproteins such as APC and PE.

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15

WANG, YAN, FUGEN WU, XIN ZHANG, YUANWEI YAO, HUILIN ZHONG, SHUYA YAN, and YUN HE. "ENHANCEMENT OF LIGHT EXTRACTING FROM GaN-BASED BLUE LIGHT EMITTING DIODES USING PHOTONIC CRYSTAL." Modern Physics Letters B 26, no. 12 (April 26, 2012): 1250071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984912500716.

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Photonic crystal (PC) structures on LED have been known to enhance the light extraction significantly. In this paper, we report the light energy of GaN -based blue lighting emitting diode (LED) with perfect area photonic crystal (PPC) structure and defect area photonic crystal (DPC) structure. As a result, the light extracting energy of LEDs with PPC structure enhanced little compared to that of without PC structure. In addition, the light extracting energy of blue LED with DPC structure was remarkably improved.

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Pham, Viet Tien, Ngoc Hung Phan, Guo-Feng Luo, Hsiao-Yi Lee, and Doan Quoc Anh Nguyen. "The Application of Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 and Titania TiO2 for Color Homogeneity and Luminous Flux Enhancement in PC-LEDs." Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/jaec.202152.295.

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This article studies the development method of pc-LED, a phosphor-converted lighting emitting diode, with scattering enhancement particles (SEPs) at 7000 K correlated color temperature. The pc-LED is an advanced lighting solution that has been applied in many different categories; nonetheless, to keep up with the demands of modern lighting, the pc-LEDs need to enhance the color homogeneity and luminous flux. The detailed experiments on the two SEPs used in the articles are also presented. The experiments include combining each of these SEPs with a yellow phosphor Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ to test their properties and influences on the lighting of pc-LEDs. The scattering coefficients, the anisotropic scattering, the reduced scattering, and the scattering amplitudes at 450 nm and 550 nm are the subjects of SEPs study. The LightTools program is used to create the simulation of pc-LED, the results of the optical simulation will then be verified with the Mie-scattering theory. The findings of the research conclude that TiO2 particles are the best for the growth of color homogeneity while CaCO3 particles are effective in limiting the color deviation in correlated color temperature. Even though the SEPs benefit the lighting performance, their concentration must be managed to be under an acceptable amount to ensure desired results and avoid unwanted damages.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.

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Wu, Peiyu, Jiaqi Ju, and Qi Yao. "Luminous and Melanopic Efficiency Performance of Phosphor-Converted LEDs with Tunable Spectral Characteristics." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 6198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186198.

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In this work, we investigated the luminous and melanopic efficiency of the radiation (LER/MER) performances of phosphor-converted LEDs (PC LEDs) with tunable spectral characteristics, namely peak wavelength, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and emission intensity. We constructed theoretical PC LED spectra based on the characteristics extracted from the database of IES TM-30-15, analyzed the relations between LER/MER and different spectral characteristics, and proposed spectral composition strategies at various correlated color temperatures (CCTs). Results showed that both MER and LER are linear with the FWHM of phosphor within the peak wavelength range in practical use, but the change in values by tuning emission intensity varies with spectral compositions. Hence, different spectral characteristics should be considered comprehensively. We further explored the trade-off between luminous and melanopic efficiency. Lowering the FWHM of phosphor and the intensity distribution of the blue LED can obtain higher LER and low circadian effect at lower CCT. As CCT increases, considering color rendering and the increase in the blue intensity distribution, besides reducing FWHM, tuning the peak wavelength close to the peak wavelength of V(λ) helps to reduce the circadian effect. These investigations provide optimization strategies for ideal melanopic and luminous performance of PC LED light sources.

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Nguyen Thi, Dieu An, Nguyen Doan Quoc Anh, and Phan Xuan Le. "Utilizing the right phosphor in near-ultraviolet and blue light-emitting diode devices to generate white illumination." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i2.pp715-721.

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In the <span>scenario of solid-state lighting (SSL) gradually replacing old standard techniques; the pc-LEDs (or diodes based on conversion phosphor) becomes a common method for creating white illumination, based on SSL. As of now, both of the UV-LEDs and the blue LEDs have been still being considered for the task of creating white illumination through phosphor excitation as it hasn’t been known which LED type is truly superior. It is common that when it comes to phosphor, people will overlook the performance in LED devices with a wavelength range of 365 nm to 470 nm. Our research demonstrates the information concerning extrinsic quantum efficacy in the InxGa1-xN LED devices with the mentioned range as well as combines the information and the effectiveness of phosphor for the task of examining the performance of near-UV and blue LEDs and creating white illumination. In addition, the research demonstrates recreations for the task of assessing the white illumination mixtures under the correlated color temperature of 3000 K and 4000 K in the two LED structures.</span>

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Shen, Xiao Xia, Ya Zhou Ren, and Guo Yan Dong. "Optimizing Design of LEDs with Photonic Crystal and Planer Micro Cavity for High Extraction Efficiency." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.937.

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LED structures with the introducing of surface PC and planer micro cavity was described to improve the light extraction efficiency of LEDs. The distributions of guided modes propagated in LED were analyzed, and the modal extraction lengths were determined using high-resolution angle-resolved measurements in order to research the interaction of each guided mode with PCs. The impact of structure parameters design on modal extraction length was learned. Result shows that PC extraction will not interfere with micro cavity effects, and can be used together to enhance LEE.

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Zhang, Qianqian, Guogang Li, Peipei Dang, Dongjie Liu, Dayu Huang, Hongzhou Lian, and Jun Lin. "Enhancing and tuning broadband near-infrared (NIR) photoluminescence properties in Cr3+-doped Ca2YHf2Al3O12 garnet phosphors via Ce3+/Yb3+-codoping for LED applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 14 (2021): 4815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc05657j.

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NIR emission from 650 nm to 1100 nm in a novel Ca₂YHf₂Al₃O₁₂:Cr³⁺,Yb³⁺ garnet phosphor with good thermal stability and high internal quantum efficiency is designed for NIR pc-LEDs.

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Lipina, Olga A., Ludmila L. Surat, Yana V. Baklanova, Leonid Yu Mironov, Andrey N. Enyashin, Alexander Yu Chufarov, Alexander P. Tyutyunnik, and Vladimir G. Zubkov. "Crystal structure, luminescence properties and thermal stability of BaY2−xEuxGe3O10 phosphors with high colour purity for blue-excited pc-LEDs." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 38 (2020): 16400–16411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj02677h.

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The luminescence properties of reddish-orange emitting BaY_2−xEu_xGe₃O₁₀ phosphors crystallizing in the monoclinic system (S.G. P2₁/m) have been discussed in detail. The studied germanates are appropriate for applications in high-powered pc-LEDs.

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Dutta, Partha S., and Kathryn M. Liotta. "A design methodology for phosphor mixtures for tunable spectrum LEDs." MRS Advances 1, no. 50 (2016): 3435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.548.

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ABSTRACT Spectrum tuning in phosphor converted white light emitting diodes (pc-WLED) is done by mixing powders of phosphor compounds (with different emission wavelengths) in different weight ratios. In this paper, a new methodology for designing unique full spectrum phosphor mixtures (with fixed weight ratios of different emission phosphor) has been presented that could provide a wide range of pc-WLED spectrum. This is done by optimizing the excitation and emission spectra of the phosphor compounds used in the mixture. A unique phosphor mixture comprising of Eu2+ and Ce3+-Na1+ activated compounds of SrGa2S4, CaGa2S4, SrS, CaS and CaF2 was used to produce full spectrum warm, neutral and cool white LEDs with color temperatures between 2500 K and 7500 K and with color rendering index exceeding 95.

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Binh Ly, Thanh, Phung Ton That, and Phan Xuan Le. "Effects of titanium dioxide quantum dots on the color deviation and luminous flux of white light-emitting diodes." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i2.pp611-617.

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The application of <span>quantum dots has been considered as a promising approach to the advancement of phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) since they perform an excellent extinction coefficient. Yet, it is challenging to manage their influences on the optical properties of LEDs due to their different nanometers in size. Hence, the object of this research is to analyze the influences of quantum dot (QDs) to figure out the solution to control the enhancement of LED lighting performances. Particularly, the study worked on investigating the scattering and absorption features of titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) QDs. It demonstrated that the radiant efficiency and luminous stability of the TiO<sub>2</sub> QDs-converted LEDs (QC-LEDs) was inferior due to the strong light absorption and reabsorption occurring inside the LED packages. Additionally, it also presented low uniformity of color distribution because the scattering ability of QDs is weak. Therefore, reducing the concentration of QDs when adding to the LED structure seems to be possible to enhance the luminous output of QC-LEDs. We propose 0.05% wt. TiO<sub>2</sub> for white LED to reduce the illumination losing caused by re-absorbent and total internal backscattering, resulting in approximate 31% lumen improvement and high color rendering index (CRI) measured at about 85, at a high color temperature of 7500 K</span>.

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Gao, Tongyu, Yuanhong Liu, Ronghui Liu, and Weidong Zhuang. "Research Progress and Development of Near-Infrared Phosphors." Materials 16, no. 8 (April 16, 2023): 3145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16083145.

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Near-infrared (NIR) light has attracted considerable attention in diverse applications, such as food testing, security monitoring, and modern agriculture. Herein, the advanced applications of NIR light, as well as various devices to realize NIR light, have been described. Among the diverse NIR light source devices, the NIR phosphor-converted light-emitting diode (pc-LED), serving as a new-generation NIR light source, has obtained attention due to its wavelength-tunable behavior and low-cost. As one of the key materials of the NIR pc-LED, a series of NIR phosphors have been summarized depending on the type of luminescence center. Meanwhile, the characteristic transitions and luminescence properties of the above phosphors are illustrated in detail. In addition, the status quo of NIR pc-LEDs, as well as the potential problems and future developments of NIR phosphors and applications have also been discussed.

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Nguyen Thi, Dieu An, and Phuc Dang Huu. "Application of green-emitting ZnS:Eu<sup>2+</sup> for boosting the spectrum of white light-emitting diode packages." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2022): 4765. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i5.pp4765-4771.

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Through utilizing a nonlinear application to acquire the best lumen efficiency (LE) for radiation (also known as LER) when color rendering index (CRI) value, especially CRI of R9 for strong red exceeds 90 with correlated color temperature (CCT) range of 2700-6500 K, the white light emitting diodes (WLED) package with adjustable CCT value and comprised of mixed-type light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be acquired. The WLED model here contains blue and red LEDs with direct emission and a phosphorconversion blue LED or pc/B-LED (including orange and green phosphors mixed with blue LED colorant). The peak wavelengths of each LED constituent are 465 and 628 nm for LEDs in blue and red, 452 nm for the blue LED colorant, 530 and 586 nm for the phosphors exhibiting green and orange colors. Under the CCT of 2722-6464 K, the attained actual LED package, either with conversion phosphor, in red or in blue, possibly displays both CRI and R9 values measured from 90 to 96, color quality scale (CQS) values measured from 89 to 94, with LERs and LEs of 303-358 lm/W and 105-119 lm/W, respectively.

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Wang, Xiao-Ming, Xue Zhang, Shi Ye, and Xi-Ping Jing. "A promising yellow phosphor of Ce3+/Li+ doped CaSiN2−2δ/3Oδ for pc-LEDs." Dalton Transactions 42, no. 14 (2013): 5167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3dt32582b.

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Kim, Seungtaek, Jongseok Kim, Hyungtae Kim, and Yong-Kweon Kim. "Effects of Current Modulation Conditions on the Chromaticity of Phosphor Converted (PC) White LEDs." Journal of the Optical Society of Korea 16, no. 4 (December 25, 2012): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3807/josk.2012.16.4.449.

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Dang Huu, Phuc, Nguyen Le Thai, and Phan Xuan Le. "Studying CdS:In green phosphor's impacts on white-light emitting diode with higher luminous flux." Materials Science-Poland 40, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2022-0014.

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Abstract A lumen efficiency (LE) simulation model with the Monte Carlo method is introduced to the white-light-emitting diode devices that utilize the red LED (light-emitting diode) dyes instead of red-emitting phosphors (R-WLEDs). By simulating this model, the desirable spectrum-related indices and photometric efficiencies, which are adequate for superior chromatic consistency (or R f > 97), can be accomplished for R-WLEDs under the correlated color temperature (CCT) range of 5000–8000 K. The structure of the R-LED has LEDs in red and blue colors (650 nm and 448 nm) combined with phosphors possessing yellow and green emissions (586 nm and 507 nm). In comparison with pc-WLEDs (WLEDs operating with conversion phosphors) and QD-WLEDs (WLED devices with quantum dots), pc/R-WLED devices could present its outperformance to the others and become a promising way to achieve remarkable chromatic generation, particularly under the condition of small color temperature limit, and act as a substitute for the pc-WLED devices.

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Taufiqurrohman Zain, Alex. "Pengujian sensor fotodetektor sebagai alat ukur kadar gula pada larutan gula." Jurnal TAMBORA 4, no. 1 (February 21, 2020): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jt.v4i1.570.

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Photodiode is a type of photodetector. P-I-N (PIN) link photodiode was chosen in this study. This selection is based on high sensitivity and rapid response to any changes in light. BPW 34 type photodiode is used as a photodetector and RGB bright LED as its light source. The selection of RGB bright LEDs is based on its ability to automatically change the beam spectrum based on bit changes. As a medium for propagating light, a single mode optical fiber is used. In addition to designing hardware, this research also designs applications through Arduino IDE 1.0.4 and LabVIEW 2013 so that hardware can be controlled and displayed on a PC. As a microcontroller, the Arduino UNO module was used in this study. The results of this study indicate that the rays on the RGB bright LED can be controlled through the bit system on a PC (Personal Computer), and can bring up the measurement results of sugar content through a PC.

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Hecht, Cora, Florian Stadler, Peter J. Schmidt, Jörn Schmedt auf der Günne, Verena Baumann, and Wolfgang Schnick. "SrAlSi4N7:Eu2+− A Nitridoalumosilicate Phosphor for Warm White Light (pc)LEDs with Edge-Sharing Tetrahedra." Chemistry of Materials 21, no. 8 (April 28, 2009): 1595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm803231h.

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Hu, Run, Ting Cheng, Lan Li, Jinlong Ma, and Xiaobing Luo. "Phosphor distribution optimization to decrease the junction temperature in white pc-LEDs by genetic algorithm." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 77 (October 2014): 891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.06.024.

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32

Lipina, Olga A., Ludmila L. Surat, Alexander Yu Chufarov, Alexander P. Tyutyunnik, Andrey N. Enyashin, Yana V. Baklanova, Anastasia V. Chvanova, Leonid Yu Mironov, Ksenia G. Belova, and Vladimir G. Zubkov. "Structural and spectroscopic characterization of a new series of Ba2RE2Ge4O13 (RE = Pr, Nd, Gd, and Dy) and Ba2Gd2−xEuxGe4O13 tetragermanates." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 31 (2021): 10935–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt01780b.

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A new series of Ba₂RE₂Ge₄O₁₃ and Ba₂Gd_2−xEu_xGe₄O₁₃ tetragermanates crystallizing in the monoclinic system (S.G. C2/c) have been characterized by various methods. The studied Ba₂Gd_2−xEu_xGe₄O₁₃ phosphors are appropriate for applications in UV-excited pc-LEDs.

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Seibald, Markus, Oliver Oeckler, Vinicius R. Celinski, Peter J. Schmidt, Andreas Tücks, and Wolfgang Schnick. "Real structure and diffuse scattering of Sr0.5Ba0.5Si2O2N2:Eu2+ - A highly efficient yellow phosphor for pc-LEDs." Solid State Sciences 13, no. 9 (September 2011): 1769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2011.07.006.

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Huang, Xiaoyong. "Cyan phosphors for full-visible-spectrum lighting: shining new light on high-CRI white pc-LEDs." Science Bulletin 64, no. 22 (November 2019): 1649–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2019.09.008.

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Wang, Taoze, Gaochao Liu, and Zhiguo Xia. "Chemical unit co-substitution enabling broadband and tunable near-infrared emission in garnet-type Lu3Sc2Ga3O12:Cr3+ phosphors." Microstructures 2, no. 4 (2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2022.19.

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Although near-infrared phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (NIR pc-LEDs) are desired for non-visible light source applications, the design of broadband NIR phosphors remains a challenge. Inspired by the chemical unit co-substitution strategy for the modification of composition and local structure, we realize a tunable redshift emission from 706 to 765 nm in garnet-type Lu3Sc2Ga3O12:Cr3+ with a broadened full width at half maximum and enhanced photoluminescence intensity by introducing a [Mg2+-Si4+] unit into the [Sc3+-Ga3+] couple. Structural and spectral analyzes demonstrate that the co-substitution reduces the local symmetry and crystal field strength of the [CrO6] octahedra, thus leading to inhomogeneous widening of the 4T2→4A2 emission and enhanced blue absorption. Furthermore, the 4T2→4A2 emission exhibits a phonon-assisted character at low temperatures due to the thermal coupling effect with the 2E level. The fabricated NIR pc-LED based on the optimized NIR phosphor exhibits excellent potential in night vision and imaging applications.

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Mundinger, JJ, and KW Houser. "Adjustable correlated colour temperature for surgical lighting." Lighting Research & Technology 51, no. 2 (November 24, 2017): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153517742682.

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A surgical luminaire containing two types of phosphor-converted LEDs was employed to illuminate a large midline incision in a 90 kg pig. The PC-LEDs were proportionally blended to create four spectra defined by their approximate correlated colour temperatures: 3000, 4000, 4500 and 5100 K. Sixteen surgeons evaluated the colour appearance of internal anatomy under each spectrum. All four spectra were rated as highly effective. There was no significant difference between the 4000, 4500 and 5100 K spectra. The 3000 K spectrum was rated as less effective, though this does not mean it was ineffective. The spectrum by participant interaction was significant where it could be estimated, suggesting that surgeons may develop individual opinions about which spectra are most effective. While the surgeons moderately agreed that the colour of internal anatomy was altered by the different spectra, they were undecided whether the differences would increase the risk of surgical error or influence surgical decisions. They were also largely undecided whether they would select different spectra during a single procedure, for different procedures, or for different anatomy. Overall, the linear mixing for variable CCT employed in this experiment did not provide obvious utility for surgeons making visual evaluations.

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Liu, Dan, Hui Liu, Jin Hou, and Yihua Gao. "High extraction efficiency in GaN-based light-emitting diodes with air-hole photonic crystal slab." Modern Physics Letters B 28, no. 21 (August 20, 2014): 1450173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984914501735.

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In this paper, extraction efficiency in simplified and layered light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of GaN photonic crystal with periodic air holes is studied by three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. Photonic band structures of the photonic crystal are obtained by plane-wave expansion method. The results about simplified GaN -LED show that extraction efficiency is very sensitive to the structure parameters tuning, and increases considerably inside the transverse-electric-like gap region. A maximum extraction efficiency above 90% can be achieved. The effects of the PC thickness and air-hole radius on relative extraction efficiency of layered GaN -LED are analyzed. They show optimal values to obtain high relative extraction efficiency.

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Panlai Li, J. L., Y. Wang, Y. Shi, S. He, Y. Yang, R. Li, G. Wei, H. Suo, and Z. Wang. "Two-stage ultra-broadband luminescence of Cr3+-doped multisite layered phosphor Sr3Ga2Ge4O14 and its application in pc-LEDs." Materials Today Chemistry 26 (December 2022): 101102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2022.101102.

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Kechele, Juliane A., Oliver Oeckler, Florian Stadler, and Wolfgang Schnick. "Structure elucidation of BaSi2O2N2 – A host lattice for rare-earth doped luminescent materials in phosphor-converted (pc)-LEDs." Solid State Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 2009): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2008.06.014.

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40

Zhang, Qiang, Xicheng Wang, Zuobin Tang, and Yuhua Wang. "A K3ScSi2O7:Eu2+ based phosphor with broad-band NIR emission and robust thermal stability for NIR pc-LEDs." Chemical Communications 56, no. 34 (2020): 4644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc01838d.

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41

Seibald, Markus, Oliver Oeckler, Vinicius R. Celinski, Peter J. Schmidt, Andreas Tuecks, and Wolfgang Schnick. "ChemInform Abstract: Real Structure and Diffuse Scattering of Sr0.5Ba0.5Si2O2N2 :Eu2+ - A Highly Efficient Yellow Phosphor for pc-LEDs." ChemInform 42, no. 49 (November 10, 2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201149006.

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42

Kalwe, Chirayu, Sourabh Sarode, Akshay Gedam, Neha Bhaisare, and Shishir Bagal. "A Brief on Water Pump Level Adjustment & Monitoring System Using Arduino Uno." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40664.

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Abstract: Arduino is an ASCII text file programmable circuit card that will be programmed to sense and manage objects within the physical world. By responding to sensors and inputs, the Arduino is ready to act with an outsized array of outputs equivalent to LEDs, motors, and displays. The ESP8266 is capable of either hosting a degree application or offloading all LAN networking functions from another application processor. A pump is a tool that moves fluids (liquids or gases) by mechanical action. Pumps operate via several energy sources, alongside manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind power. An integrated development setting (IDE) is also a coding system application that provides comprehensive facilities to pc programmers for software package development. Some IDEs, appreciate NetBeans and Eclipse, contain the obligatory compiler, interpreter, or both.

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43

Nair, Govind B., H. C. Swart, and S. J. Dhoble. "A review on the advancements in phosphor-converted light emitting diodes (pc-LEDs): Phosphor synthesis, device fabrication and characterization." Progress in Materials Science 109 (April 2020): 100622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.100622.

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Wang, Xiao-Ming, Chun-Hai Wang, Xiao-Jun Kuang, Ru-Qiang Zou, Ying-Xia Wang, and Xi-Ping Jing. "Promising Oxonitridosilicate Phosphor Host Sr3Si2O4N2: Synthesis, Structure, and Luminescence Properties Activated by Eu2+ and Ce3+/Li+ for pc-LEDs." Inorganic Chemistry 51, no. 6 (February 29, 2012): 3540–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic202340q.

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45

Kovács, Robert Jenő, Jenő-Zoltán Kovács, and Lorant Andras Szolga. "Device for Identifying the UV Emission Spectrum." Sensors 22, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 4852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134852.

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Nowadays, the disinfection of classrooms, shopping malls, and offices has become an important part of our lives. One of the most effective disinfection methods is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To ensure the disinfection device has the required wavelength spectrum, we need to measure it with dedicated equipment. Thus, in this work, we present the development of a UV spectrum detector capable of identifying UV wavelength spectrums, with a wide range of probes and the ability to transmit data to a PC for later evaluation of the results. The device was developed with four UV sensors: one for UV-A, one for UV-B, one for UV-C, and one with a wide range of detection of UVA, with a built-in transimpedance amplifier. An Arduino Nano development board processes all the acquired data. We developed a custom light source containing seven UV LEDs with different central wavelengths to calibrate the device. For easy visualization of the results, custom PC software was developed in the Processing programming medium. For the two pieces of electronics—the UV detector and calibration device—3D-printed housings were created to be ergonomic for the end-user. From the price point of view, this device is affordable compared to what we can find on the market.

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46

Watjanatepin, Napat, and Paiboon Kiatsookkanatorn. "A NOVEL SOLAR SIMULATOR BASED ON COMBINED NATURAL-WHITE AND INFRARED LIGHT EMITTING DIODES." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 5 (October 30, 2021): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.5.53.

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Despite the continuous trend of an LED solar simulator development, there was little to be found in the application of a phosphor-converted natural white LED (pc-nWLED) for construction. This article reported the design and construction of an LED solar simulator which combined a pc-nWLED with infrared LEDs. The objectives of this study are to determine the performance of a novel solar simulator including non-uniformity (SNE), temporal stability (TIE), and spectrum mismatch (SM). This is followed by an experimental study of the correlation between the LED’s temperature and SNE. A spectroradiometer, pyranometer, and a custom-made non-uniformity measurement system were applied to test the performance characteristics of this solar simulator. The results indicated that the proposed solar simulator could achieve the AAA class. The results showed 0.90-1.08 of SM, 0.83% TIE, and 1.34% of SNE. The SNE indicated the positive significant correlation with the LED’s temperature, with an approximate of +0.043% per °C. A good cooling system for the LED module was necessary to maintain constant light uniformity. The blue-chip phosphor converted white LED combination with color mixed of 730 nm, 850 nm, and 940 nm could emit a light spectrum that was very close to the reference spectrum of about 99.6%.

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Thanh Tung, Ha, Huu Phuc Dang, and Dieu An Nguyen Thi. "Improving the color deviation of white light emitting diode by employing Sr<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>2</sub>Ge<sub>4</sub>O<sub>14</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> phosphor." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2023): 2816–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i5.5163.

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The pomising uses of near infrared (NIR) phosphor converted light emitting diodes (pc-LEDs), including non-destructive testing and biological implementations, are endless. It is still difficult to create wideband and NIR phosphors with sufficient heating steadiness for a variety of uses. The study herein introduces the phosphor Sr3Ga2Ge4O14:Cr3+, its creation procedure through expreiments as well as its influneces on LED devices. The Sr3Ga2Ge4O14:Cr3+ (SGGO:Cr3+) super-wideband NIR phosphor was effectively synthesized in this study with 431 nm stimulation, and a spectrum adjustment 750 nm-900 nm was made in a two-step superwideband radiation having its full width under half maximum (FWHM) changing among 257 and 336 nm. The inner quantum performance (IQP) for SGGO:0.15Cr3+ is 36.67%, and it has an FWHM of 257 nm. At 423 K, the emitting strength was still 76% of ambient temperature. The potential of SGGO:Cr3+ for various uses was eventually demonstrated by the employment of SGGO:0.03Cr3+ as well as SGGO:0.15Cr3+ samples accompanied by blue illumination chips under 430 nm for the task of creating NIR pc-LED gadgets then putting in nighttime sight, human palm puncture, flora lighting. It was shown that SGGO:Cr3+ has a wide range of use possibilities.

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Sun, Zishan, Qixia Ning, Weiying Zhou, Jiabao Luo, Peican Chen, Liya Zhou, Qi Pang, and Xinguo Zhang. "Structural and spectroscopic investigation of an efficient and broadband NIR phosphor InBO3: Cr3+ and its application in NIR pc-LEDs." Ceramics International 47, no. 10 (May 2021): 13598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.01.218.

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Agrawal, Deepak, Bhagwat Kakde, and Rajneesh Karn. "Performance Analysis of LED Driver Circuit using DC-DC Converter Topology." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS 21 (September 15, 2022): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23202.2022.21.20.

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High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamp has been extensively employed in outdoor lighting. But the need of time is to save electricity since HPS has high consumption of electricity. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are better choice to replace HPS. Since they are compact and with very low power ratings, they have very high illumination. The basic difference between LED and HPS is that, HPS works on normal AC voltage supply whereas LED requires low DC voltage to operate. Hence a converter circuit with low voltage rating is required for proper functioning of LED. In this paper, simulation and hardware implementation of an LED driver base on a permutation of the buck converter as the DC-DC power conversion (PC) stage and buck-boost converter as the power factor rectification (PFR) stage is presented. This paper presents the hardware implementation of LED driver circuit for 12 V LED lighting strip.

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Meng, Zhi Jun, Hui Liu, and Wei Qiang Fu. "CAN-Based Parallel Guidance System for Agricultural Machinery." Applied Mechanics and Materials 203 (October 2012): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.203.349.

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The objective of this study was to develop a CAN-based parallel guidance system for small agricultural machinery. The system consisted of field computer, light bar and DGPS receiver. The field computer was developed using PC/104 CPU module, running on the embedded real-time operation system customized by a special development tool. Single chip and CAN controller were selected for guidance light bar design, which used a row of indicator LEDs to guide drivers. Field computer and guidance light bar communicated with each other based on CAN bus. The guidance software running on the field computer was designed in object-oriented manner by integrating embedded GIS development kit. In field test, the average of offline distance was 0.452 meter. The lowest percentage overlap and skip were 3.64% and 3.82% respectively. Results showed that this kind of guidance system was suitable for small-size machinery and could provide effective guidance aid for field operation.

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