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Journal articles on the topic 'PBS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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1

Adedayo, Sosina. "Need Assessment of Farmers in Crop-Livestock Production Systems in Ido Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 7, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.007.02.2730.

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Agricultural projects and programmes funded by governments and donor agencies often failed to achieve the desired set objective(s) at the system levels. The study tries to assess the existing production practices with a view of coming up with a consensus farmer need in a crop-livestock production system at Ido Local Government Area (LGA). The study used a three-stage-sampling technique to elicit information from 225 respondents. Ido Local Government Area was purposively selected for the study. Three cells were randomly selected for the research, three villages were randomly selected in each cell and twenty-five farmers were selected using the snowball selection technique. The data obtained from the Participatory Rural Appraisal were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The pairwise ranking tool helped in determining the importance of the identified problems from the FGD in the study area. The researcher identified the following problems (Pb) from the focus group discussion; inadequate capital for livestock production (Pb1), poor housing for livestock (Pb2), inadequate nutrition for livestock (Pb3), diseases of crops (Pb4), livestock and predatory attack on crops (Pb5). The pairwise comparison of percentage of Pb1 versus (vs) Pb2 was 80/20%, Pb1 vs Pb3 was 68/32%, Pb1 vs Pb4 was 80/20%, Pb1 vs Pb5 was 12/88%, Pb2 vs Pb3 was 68/32%, Pb2 vs Pb4 was 20/80%, Pb2 vs Pb5 was 20/80%, Pb3 vs Pb4 was 32/68%, Pb3 vs Pb5 was 20/80%, vs Pb4 vs Pb5 was 20/80% respectively. The ultimate farmers’ problem in crop-livestock production systems (CLPS) that needs immediate intervention and technical assistance was inadequate capital as perceived from the responses of the farmers.

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2

Sosina, A. O., and O. J. Babayemi. "Assessment of farmers' needs in Ibarapa East Local Government area of Oyo State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i5.1352.

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Government and non-government organizations (NGOs) interventions to local farmers in the recent past had not yielded the desired result because these interventions were not tailored towards the needs of farmers. However, most information on the needs of target farmers have been very scanty thus, the need to use a bottom top approach to assess farmers' needs in Ibarapa East, Oyo state. A three-stage sampling technique was used to purposively select about 225 respondents. Parameters measured were household characteristics, farm sizes, farm labor availability, seasonal pattern and need to be assessed using a participatory rural appraisal approach comprising of focus group discussion (FGD) and structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively and the need assessed using the pair-wise ranking and simple matrix. Of challenges listed in FDG among crop-livestock farmers, only five (5) were prioritized as follows; wastage of agricultural products (Pb1), bad road network (Pb2), high cost of agricultural inputs (Pb3), lack of potable water (Pb4) and animal invasion (Pb5). The pairwise comparison of the percentage of Pb1 versus (vs.) Pb2 was 80/20%, Pb1 vs. Pb3 was 90/10%, Pb1 vs. Pb4 was 70/30%, Pb1 vs. Pb5 was 20/80%, Pb2 vs. Pb3 was 70/30%, Pb2 vs Pb4 was 30/70%, Pb2 vs. Pb5 was 10/90%, Pb3 vs. Pb4 was 20/80%, Pb3 vs. Pb5 was 10/90%, vs. Pb4 vs Pb5 was 30/70%, respectively. There were proffered solutions to the problem(s) itemized by the FGD. The animal invasion was ranked highest as farmers' need assessed for possible intervention in Ibarapa East. Governments and NGO funds should be addressing animal invasion for desirable project impact assessment. Les interventions des gouvernements et des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) auprès des agriculteurs locaux dans un passé récent n'avaient pas donné le résultat souhaité car ces interventions n'étaient pas adaptées aux besoins des agriculteurs. Cependant, la plupart des informations sur les besoins des agriculteurs cibles ont été très rares, ce qui nécessite d'utiliser une approche ascendante pour évaluer les besoins des agriculteurs de l'est d'Ibarapa, dans l'État d'Oyo. Une technique d'échantillonnage en trois étapes a été utilisée pour sélectionner environ 225 répondants. Les paramètres mesurés étaient les caractéristiques des ménages, la taille des exploitations, la disponibilité de la main-d'oeuvre agricole, le profil saisonnier. Ils doivent être évalués à l'aide d'une approche d'évaluation rurale participative comprenant des discussions de groupe et un questionnaire structuré. Les données ont été analysées de manière descriptive et le besoin évalué en utilisant le classement par paires et une matrice simple. Parmi les défis énumérés dans le 'FDG' chez les agriculteurs et les éleveurs, seuls cinq (5) ont été classés comme suit; gaspillage des produits agricoles (le 'Pb' 1), mauvais réseau routier (le 'Pb' 2), coût élevé des intrants agricoles (le 'Pb' 3), manque d'eau potable (le 'Pb' 4) et invasion animale (le 'Pb' 5). La comparaison par paire du pourcentage de 'Pb' 1 versus (vs) 'Pb' 2 était de 80/20%, Pb1 vs Pb3 était de 90/10%, Pb1 vs Pb4 était de 70/30%, Pb1 vs Pb5 était de 20/80% Pb2 vs Pb3 était de 70/30%, le 'Pb' 2 vs le 'Pb4' était de 30/70%, le 'Pb' 2 vs le 'Pb' 5 était de 10/90%, le 'Pb' 3 vs. le 'Pb' 4 était de 20/80%, le 'Pb' 3 vs. le 'Pb' 5 etaient 10/90%,vs le 'Pb' 4 vs le 'Pb'5 était respectivement de 30/70%. Des solutions ont été proposées au (x) problème (s) détaillé (s) par le FGD. L'invasion animale a été classée au premier rang des besoins des agriculteurs évalués pour une éventuelle intervention à l'Estd'Ibarapa. Les gouvernements et les fonds d'ONG devraient s'attaquer à l'invasion animale pour une évaluation de l'impact souhaitable du projet.

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3

Mendoza-Wilson, Ana María, and René Renato Balandrán-Quintana. "Effect of Constituent Units, Type of Interflavan Bond, and Conformation on the Antioxidant Properties of Procyanidin Dimers: A Computational Outlook." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3535148.

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Procyanidin (PC) dimers are powerful antioxidants, abundant in plant tissues, and also bioavailable. However, the role of the molecular structure of PCs on their antioxidant properties is still a controversial and not fully understood issue that needs to be addressed in a more specific way. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the constituent units, type of interflavan bond, and conformation on the antioxidant properties of PC dimers including PB3, PB4, PB5, PB6, PB7, and PB8, using the density functional theory (DFT) computational method. The analysis was performed in function of parameters that allow determining the ability of the molecules to transfer or to capture electrons, among which the chemical potential, bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), gap energy, Fukui indices, and charge distribution of HOMO-LUMO orbitals. The factors that showed the most notable effects on the antioxidant properties of the PC dimers were the type of interflavan bond and the conformation. The antioxidant ability of the dimers PB3 and PB4 containing the interflavan bond C4–C8, in their Compact conformation, was very similar to each other but greater than those of dimers PB5, PB6, PB7, and PB8 containing the C4–C6 interflavan bond. PB8 showed the lowest antioxidant ability.

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4

Zhang, Ningning, Xiaoping Zou, and Yanyan Gao. "Heterovalent Cation Substitutional and Interstitial Doping in Semiconductor Sensitizers for Quantum Dot Cosensitized Solar Cell." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/326850.

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Doped films of TiO2/PbS/CdS have been prepared by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. Bi- and Ag-doped-PbS quantum dot (QD) were produced by admixing Bi3+or Ag+during deposition and the existing forms of the doping element in PbS QD were analyzed. The results show that Bi3+entered the cube space of PbS as donor yielding interstitial doping Bi-doped-PbS QD, while Ag+replaced Pb2+of PbS as acceptor yielding substitutional doping Ag-doped-PbS QD. The novel Bi-doped-PbS/CdS and Ag-doped-PbS/CdS quantum dot cosensitized solar cell (QDCSC) were fabricated and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.4% and 2.2% was achieved, respectively, under full sun illumination.

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5

Feng, Hanhua, Vishal Misra, and Dan Rubenstein. "PBS." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 35, no. 1 (June 12, 2007): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1269899.1254906.

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6

Zhang, Yiming, Huiba Li, Shengyun Liu, Jiawei Xu, and Guangtao Xue. "PBS." ACM Transactions on Storage 16, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3365839.

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7

Shiyanbola, Olayinka O., Adati Tarfa, Ariana Song, Lisa K. Sharp, and Earlise Ward. "Preliminary Feasibility of a Peer-supported Diabetes Medication Adherence Intervention for African Americans." Health Behavior and Policy Review 6, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 558–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.6.6.2.

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Objectives: African Americans (AAs) have higher rates of medication nonadherence compared to non-Hispanic whites. In this study, we determined the preliminary feasibility of an 8-week intervention focused on improving culturally-informed illness and medication beliefs, self-efficacy, and medication adherence. Methods: We used purposeful sampling to recruit 8 peer ambassadors (PAs), individuals constituting the advisory board of AAs adherent to their medicines, and 7 peer buddies (PBs), assessed as non-adherent to their diabetes medicines. PAs and PBs were paired. They completed 2 group educational sessions together and one follow-up phone call to PBs by PAs. Results: PAs were mostly female (N = 5, 63%), mean age of 55 years (± 8.3). Similarly, PBs were mostly female (N = 6, 86%), mean age of 56 years (± 6.3). Follow-up interviews with PBs revealed that they liked discussing medication management strategies and diabetes management resources, sharing their diabetes experiences with their PA and connecting with them over the phone. All PBs reported a positive, trusting relationship between them and their PAs. Conclusions: This study demonstrates AAs with diabetes medication adherence challenges are receptive to a peer support mechanism to address culturally informed beliefs and enhance patient-provider communication and self-efficacy.

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8

Chen, Jia-Yao, Xue-Wen Zhang, Tian-Yu Wu, and Hai-Mu Ye. "Co-Crystallization between Aliphatic Polyesters through Co-Inclusion Complexation with Small Molecule." Molecules 28, no. 10 (May 15, 2023): 4091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104091.

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Crystalline/crystalline blends of polymer have shown advantages in the preparation of new polymeric materials. However, the regulation of co-crystallization in a blend is still full of challenges due to the preferential self-crystallization driven by thermodynamics. Here, an inclusion complex approach is proposed to facilitate the co-crystallization between crystalline polymers, because the crystallization process displays a prominent kinetics advantage when polymer chains are released from the inclusion complex. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) and urea are chosen to form co-inclusion complexes, where PBS and PBA chains play as isolated guest molecules and urea molecules construct the host channel framework. The coalesced PBS/PBA blends are obtained by fast removing the urea framework and systematically investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry. It is demonstrated that PBA chains are co-crystallized into PBS extended-chain crystals in the coalesced blends, while such a phenomenon has not been detected in simply co-solution-blended samples. Though PBA chains could not be totally accommodated in the PBS extended-chain crystals, their co-crystallized content increases with the initial feeding ratio of PBA. Consequently, the melting point of the PBS extended-chain crystal gradually declines from 134.3 °C to 124.2 °C with an increasing PBA content. The PBA chains playing as defects mainly induce lattice expansion along the a-axis. In addition, when the co-crystals are soaked in tetrahydrofuran, some of the PBA chains are extracted out, leading to damage to the correlative PBS extended-chain crystals. This study shows that co-inclusion complexation with small molecules could be an effective way to promote co-crystallization behavior in polymer blends.

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9

Садовников, С. И. "Эффекты легирования сульфида свинца серебром на решеточных и оптических свойствах твердых растворов Pb-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Ag-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-S." Физика и техника полупроводников 53, no. 12 (2019): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2019.12.48626.8988.

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Single-phase limited cubic solid solutions Pb1-xAgxS based on PbS with a metal sublattice alloyed with silver are obtained. The maximum relative content of silver in solid solutions Pb1-xAgxS reaches x = 0.15. For the first time the thermal expansion of semiconductor solid solutions Pb1-xAgxS was measured by dilatometry method in the temperature range 295-580 K. Substitution of lead atoms by silver atoms in Pb1-xAgxS leads to a decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion associated with a change in the anharmonicity of atomic vibrations and a weak increase in the elastic properties. For single-crystal particles PbS and solid solutions Pb1-xAgxS, spatial distributions of the elastic modulus E, Poisson's ratio , and linear compressibility  as a function of the direction (hkl) are found. The reflection spectra of the synthesized powders PbS, Ag2S and Pb1-xAgxS are measured and it is shown that the replacement of lead with silver in PbS is accompanied by an increase in the width of the band gap.

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10

Wacharawichanant, Sirirat, Patcharin Netphong, Thakoon Pipatbannakit, and Manop Phankokkruad. "Morphology and Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) and Polybutylene Succinate and Ethylene-Co-Methyl Acrylate-Co-Glycidyl Methacrylate Ternary Blends." Materials Science Forum 1087 (May 12, 2023): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-jl4d18.

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This work studied the morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/polybutylene succinate (PBS)/ethylene-co-methyl acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate (EMA-GMA) ternary blends. The polymer blends were prepared in an internal mixer and then molded into films by compression molding. The results showed that the PLA/PBS blends had immiscible morphology in which the PBS phase was dispersed in PLA matrix as spherical shape. The PBS droplet size increased with increasing PBS content. The fractured surface of PLA/PBS/EMA-GMA blends displayed more small crack of plastic deformations than that of PLA/PBS blends and the fracture behavior of PLA/PBA blends was changed to more ductile fracture when added with EMA-GMA. The addition of EMA-GMA in polymer blends improved the compatibility of two phases. The results of the mechanical properties showed that PBS and EMA-GMA addition improved the strain at break of PLA/PBS and PLA/PBS/EMA-GMA blends, respectively. The incorporation of EMA-GMA had no effect on the melting temperature and degradation temperature of PLA blends. The PLA/PBS/EMA-GMA blends had lower percent crystallinity than that of PLA/PBS blends and most of percent crystallinity decreased with increasing EMA-GMA loading due to its more amorphous structure than PLA and PBS.

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11

Song, Zhenwei, Thomas Gremminger, Gatikrushna Singh, Yi Cheng, Jun Li, Liming Qiu, Juan Ji, et al. "The three-way junction structure of the HIV-1 PBS-segment binds host enzyme important for viral infectivity." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 5925–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab342.

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Abstract HIV-1 reverse transcription initiates at the primer binding site (PBS) in the viral genomic RNA (gRNA). Although the structure of the PBS-segment undergoes substantial rearrangement upon tRNALys3 annealing, the proper folding of the PBS-segment during gRNA packaging is important as it ensures loading of beneficial host factors. DHX9/RNA helicase A (RHA) is recruited to gRNA to enhance the processivity of reverse transcriptase. Because the molecular details of the interactions have yet to be defined, we solved the solution structure of the PBS-segment preferentially bound by RHA. Evidence is provided that PBS-segment adopts a previously undefined adenosine-rich three-way junction structure encompassing the primer activation stem (PAS), tRNA-like element (TLE) and tRNA annealing arm. Disruption of the PBS-segment three-way junction structure diminished reverse transcription products and led to reduced viral infectivity. Because of the existence of the tRNA annealing arm, the TLE and PAS form a bent helical structure that undergoes shape-dependent recognition by RHA double-stranded RNA binding domain 1 (dsRBD1). Mutagenesis and phylogenetic analyses provide evidence for conservation of the PBS-segment three-way junction structure that is preferentially bound by RHA in support of efficient reverse transcription, the hallmark step of HIV-1 replication.

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12

Ilchef, Ralf. "PBS Delisting." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 45, no. 6 (June 2011): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048674.2011.579557.

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13

Harvey, Ken. "PBS Charges." Medical Journal of Australia 154, no. 5 (March 1991): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb112899.x.

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14

Michell, M. D. "PBS Charges." Medical Journal of Australia 154, no. 5 (March 1991): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb112900.x.

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15

Roache, Paul. "PBS Charges." Medical Journal of Australia 154, no. 5 (March 1991): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb112901.x.

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16

Трофимова, Н. Б., А. Г. Роках, А. О. Бочкарев, and М. И. Шишкин. "Экситонные линии поглощения PbS в композите CdS-PbS." Письма в журнал технической физики 44, no. 7 (2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2018.07.45888.17011.

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AbstractThe spectral dependences of transmission, absorption, and reflection in CdS−PbS semiconductor layers, which are promising for the development of photodetectors and emitters in the region of an atmospheric- transparency window, were studied. It has been established that a series of thin lines are observed in the infrared spectrum on an absorption edge of the narrow-gap phase (PbS). A method for identification of exciton series was used, and exciton-binding energy E _ ex , exciton concentration N , and value of valence-band splitting Δ E _ v were determined.

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17

Kumar, Anil, and Anshuman Jakhmola. "RNA-Templated Fluorescent Zn/PbS (PbS + Zn2+) Supernanostructures." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 113, no. 22 (May 11, 2009): 9553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp811402h.

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18

Garg, Neha, Shilpi More, Monika Sharma, and Mrinalini Kotru. "Microfilaria: not always associated with eosinophilia." Tropical Doctor 49, no. 3 (March 21, 2019): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475519833264.

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Filariasis is a parasitic infection seen predominantly in tropical and subtropical countries including India. In clinically suspected cases, examining a thick wet mount smear or a buffy coat film is most informative. In unsuspected cases, however, eosinophilia in a peripheral blood smear (PBS) may be the sole indicator of parasitaemia. A few cases of tissue microfilaria with the absence of peripheral blood eosinophilia (PBE) have been reported. Here, we report two cases of microfilaria in PBS in the absence of PBE. A routine screening of the tail end of all PBS at low power magnification is also advised as it may facilitate the detection of asymptomatic cases when there is a normal eosinophil count.

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19

Zhang, Yuan Ming, Lin Chen, and Hong Cheng Pan. "Co-Electrodeposition and Characterization of Ag-Ag₂S-PbS Thin Films on Indium-Tin-Oxide Coated Glass." Advanced Materials Research 900 (February 2014): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.900.397.

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The Ag-Ag2S-PbS thin films were co-electrodeposited on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates from aqueous solutions containing 0.01 M AgNO3, 0.01 M Pb (NO3)2, 0.1 M Na2S2O3, 0.02 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, and 0.5 M Na2SO4. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to investigate the Ag-Ag2S-PbS thin films. The X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated the presence of cubic structure of metallic silver, acanthite Ag2S, and cubic PbS, which is consistent with the CV analysis. The effect of different Ag+/Pb2+ratios on the morphology and composition of the Ag-Ag2S-PbS thin films were also studied.

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20

Park, Young, Seung Park, Kang-Won Jung, Yunju Hwang, Saurav Sorcar, Dae Moon, and Su-Il In. "Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of Stable Prenucleated (≈0.8 nm Diameter) PbS Quantum Dots by Medium Energy Ion Scattering Spectroscopy." Materials 12, no. 7 (April 3, 2019): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071109.

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In the current work, stable prenucleated PbS quantum dots (QDs) with a sub-nanometer (0.8 nm) size have been successfully synthesized via a systematically designed experiment. A detailed analysis of critical nucleation, growth, and stability for such ultrasmall prenucleated clusters is done. The experimental strategy is based on controlled concentration, temperature and injection of respective precursors, thus enabling us to control nucleation rate and separation of stable sub-nanometer PbS QDs with size 0.8 nm. Significantly, by providing additional thermal energy to sub-nanometer PbS QDs, we achieved the fully nucleated cubic crystalline structure of PbS with size of around 1.5 nm. The size and composition of the prenucleated QDs are investigated by sophisticated tools like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) spectroscopy which confirms the synthesis of PbS with Pb2+ rich surface while the UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data suggests an alternative crystallization path. Non-classical nucleation theory is employed to substantiate the growth mechanism of prenucleated PbS QDs.

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21

Kumar, Anil, and Anshuman Jakhmola. "Photophysics and charge dynamics of Q-PbS based mixed ZnS/PbS and PbS/ZnS semiconductor nanoparticles." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 297, no. 2 (May 2006): 607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.11.028.

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22

Abbink, Truus E. M., Nancy Beerens, and Ben Berkhout. "Forced Selection of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variant That Uses a Non-Self tRNA Primer for Reverse Transcription: Involvement of Viral RNA Sequences and the Reverse Transcriptase Enzyme." Journal of Virology 78, no. 19 (October 1, 2004): 10706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.19.10706-10714.2004.

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ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 uses the tRNA3 Lys molecule as a selective primer for reverse transcription. This primer specificity is imposed by sequence complementarity between the tRNA primer and two motifs in the viral RNA genome: the primer-binding site (PBS) and the primer activation signal (PAS). In addition, there may be specific interactions between the tRNA primer and viral proteins, such as the reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme. We constructed viruses with mutations in the PAS and PBS that were designed to employ the nonself primer tRNAPro or tRNA1,2 Lys. These mutants exhibited a severe replication defect, indicating that additional adaptation of the mutant virus is required to accommodate the new tRNA primer. Multiple independent virus evolution experiments were performed to select for fast-replicating variants. Reversion to the wild-type PBS-lys3 sequence was the most frequent escape route. However, we identified one culture in which the virus gained replication capacity without reversion of the PBS. This revertant virus eventually optimized the PAS motif for interaction with the nonself primer. Interestingly, earlier evolution samples revealed a single amino acid change of an otherwise well-conserved residue in the RNase H domain of the RT enzyme, implicating this domain in selective primer usage. We demonstrate that both the PAS and RT mutations improve the replication capacity of the tRNA1,2 Lys-using virus.

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23

Abel, Klaus. "RE: PBS Delisting." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 45, no. 12 (December 2011): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048674.2011.615293.

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24

Woodruff, R. "The new PBS." Medical Journal of Australia 146, no. 2 (January 1987): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb136287.x.

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25

&NA;. "PBS Documentary Review." Oncology Times 37, no. 6 (March 2015): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0000462859.60219.b8.

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26

Fisher-Polites, Cheryl. "“PBS” Spelled “Friends”." Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions 6, no. 3 (July 2004): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10983007040060030501.

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27

Isberner, Candis S. "PBS education initiatives:." TechTrends 37, no. 3 (May 1992): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02761326.

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28

Souder, Dwight. "PBS Circus Physics." Physics Teacher 49, no. 2 (February 2011): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3543599.

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29

Trofimova, N. B., A. G. Rokakh, A. O. Bochkarev, and M. I. Shishkin. "Excitonic Absorption Lines of PbS in a CdS−PbS Composite." Technical Physics Letters 44, no. 4 (April 2018): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063785018040120.

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30

Barona, A. S., M. M. Abood, and K. A. Mohammed. "The optical properties of PbS and PbS/Ag thin films." Chalcogenide Letters 18, no. 12 (December 2021): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2021.1812.759.

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The chemical bath deposition approach was used to arrange PbS and PbS coated with Ag thin layer thin films. PbS film was deposited at room temperature using thiourea and lead chloride as precursors. After the PbS film had been deposited, it was immersed in Ag precursors for 60 minutes at 50 C to coat its surface. In this study, we looked at absorbance in the 400-1000 nm range. The direct and indirect bandgaps were estimated using the Tauc method and yielded values between 1.3 and 1.45 eV. It resulted in increasing in bandgaps after coating with of Ag layer.

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31

Popov, Igor V., Naiana Einhardt Manzke, Mônica Maurer Sost, Jessica Verhoeven, Sanne Verbruggen, Iuliia P. Chebotareva, Alexey M. Ermakov, and Koen Venema. "Modulation of Swine Gut Microbiota by Phytogenic Blends and High Concentrations of Casein in a Validated Swine Large Intestinal In Vitro Model." Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2023): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10120677.

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Phytogenic feed additives are gaining popularity in livestock as a replacement for antibiotic growth promotors. Some phytogenic blends (PB) positively affect the production performance, inhibit pathogens within the gut microbiota, and improve the overall health of farm animals. In this study, a swine large intestine in vitro model was used to evaluate the effect of two PBs, alone or in combination with casein, on swine gut microbiota. As a result, the combination of casein with PB1 had the most beneficial effects on swine gut microbiota, as it increased the relative abundance of some commensal bacteria and two genera (Lactobacillus and Oscillospiraceae UCG-002), which are associated with greater production performance in pigs. At the same time, supplementation with PBs did not lead to an increase in opportunistic pathogens, indicating their safety for pigs. Both PBs showed fewer changes in swine gut microbiota compared to interventions with added casein. In contrast, casein supplementation significantly increased beta diversity and the relative abundance of commensal as well as potentially beneficial bacteria. In conclusion, the combination of casein with PBs, in particular PB1, had the most beneficial effects among the studied supplements in vitro, with respect to microbiota modulation and metabolite production, although this data should be proven in further in vivo studies.

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Gumede, T. P., A. S. Luyt, and A. J. Muller. "Review on PCL, PBS, and PCL/PBS blends containing carbon nanotubes." Express Polymer Letters 12, no. 6 (2018): 505–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2018.43.

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KOIKE, Kazuo, Hitoshi WATANABE, and Sohichiroh TANAKA. "Thermodynamic Studies of the Molten FeS-PbS and Cu2S-PbS Systems." Journal of Society of Materials Engineering for Resources of Japan 5, no. 2 (1992): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5188/jsmerj.5.2_21.

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Park, Sung Bae, Sung Yeon Hwang, Cheol Whan Moon, Seung Soon Im, and Eui Sang Yoo. "Plasticizer effect of novel PBS ionomer in PLA/PBS ionomer blends." Macromolecular Research 18, no. 5 (May 2010): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13233-010-0512-2.

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35

Kirsa, Sue. "New PBS Reforms-PBS Saviour but at what Cost to Hospitals?" Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 37, no. 2 (June 2007): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2055-2335.2007.tb00025.x.

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36

Choi, Ik Sung, Young Kwang Kim, Seong Hui Hong, Hye-Jin Seo, Sung-Ho Hwang, Jongwon Kim, and Sang Kyoo Lim. "Effects of Polybutylene Succinate Content on the Rheological Properties of Polylactic Acid/Polybutylene Succinate Blends and the Characteristics of Their Fibers." Materials 17, no. 3 (January 29, 2024): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17030662.

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Polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS) are gaining prominence as environmentally friendly alternatives to petroleum-based polymers due to their inherent biodegradability. For their textile applications, this research is focused on exploring the effects of PBS content on the rheological properties of PLA/PBS blends and the characteristics of PLA/PBS blend fibers. PLA/PBS blends and fibers with varying PBS contents (0 to 10 wt.%) were prepared using melt-blending and spinning methods. Uniform morphologies of the PLA/PBS blends indicated that PBS was compatible with PLA, except at 10% PBS content, where phase separation occurred. The introduction of PBS reduced the complex viscosity of the blends, influencing fiber properties. Notably, PLA/PBS fibers with 7% PBS exhibited improved crystallinity, orientation factor, and elasticity (~16.58%), with a similar tensile strength to PLA fiber (~3.58 MPa). The results suggest that an optimal amount of PBS enhances alignment along the drawing direction and improves the molecular motion in PLA/PBS blend fiber. This study highlights the potential of strategically blending PBS to improve PLA fiber characteristics, promising advancement in textile applications.

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Ajibade, Peter A., and Abimbola E. Oluwalana. "Structural, Optical, Photocatalytic and Electrochemical Studies of PbS Nanoparticles." Journal of Nano Research 61 (February 2020): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.61.18.

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Oleic acid (OA) and octadecylamine (ODA) capped lead sulphide (PbS) nanoparticles were prepared at 150, 190 and 230 °C. X-ray diffraction patterns indicates that the synthesized PbS nanoparticles were in the rock cubic salt crystalline phase. The particle sizes of the as-prepared PbS nanoparticles are in the range 2.91–10.05 nm for OA-PbS(150), 24.92–39.98 nm for ODA-PbS(150), 9.26 – 29.08 nm for OA-PbS(190), 34.54 – 48.04 nm for ODA-PbS(190), 17.96–88.07 nm for OA-PbS(230) and 53.60 – 94.42 nm for ODA-PbS(230). SEM images revealed flaky and agglomerated spherical like morphology for the nanoparticles. The energy bandgap of the PbS nanoparticles are in the range 4.14 – 4.25 eV, OA-PbS(230) have the lowest bandgap of 4.14 eV while ODA-PbS(150) have the highest bandgap of 4.25 eV. The PbS nanoparticles were used as photocatalyst for the degradation of Rhodamine B and OA-PbS(150) showed efficiency of 44.11% after 360 mins. Cyclic voltammetry of the PbS nanoparticles showed a reversible redox reaction and linear Randles-Sevcik plots indicates electron transfer process is diffusion controlled.

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38

Kudrya, V. Yu, V. M. Yashchuk, A. P. Naumenko, Y. Mely, T. V. Udod, and Yu S. Kreminska. "Spectral Properties of Single-Stranded Viral DNA Fragment." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 63, no. 10 (October 31, 2018): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe63.10.912.

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This article presented the results of investigations of the optical absorption (at 300 K) and steady-state and time-resolved luminescence (at 78 K) of (–)PBS and (+)PBS oligonucleotides. (–)PBS is the DNA form of the minus primer binding site (5′GTCCCTGTTCGGGCGCCA3′) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)genome, and (+)PBS (3′CAGGGACAAGCCCGCGGT5′) is its complementary sequence [1]. The optical absorption spectra of (–)PBS and (+)PBS do not coincide with the correspondent equimolar sums of the spectra of nucleotides that are in their composition. The difference between them at 295 nm is related to the existence of some stable complex between bases (possibly, G-complexes). The fluorescence spectral bands of (–)PBS and (+)PBS are close to each other and to the band of oligonucleotide investigated by us in [2]. In our opinion, the (–)PBS and (+)PBS bands are connected possibly with the fluorescence of some complexes that are manifested in the absorption. The phosphorescence spectral bands of (–)PBS and (+)PBS are close to each other and to the band of dAMP (in the wavelength interval 370–470 nm). The difference between the (–)PBS/(+)PBS and dAMP phosphorescence spectra (at 530 nm) is associated with an unknown center (possibly, G-complexes). Thus, the main centers of the triplet excitation capturing in (–)PBS and (+)PBS are A-bases and centers of an unknown nature.

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Tansiri, Vanalee, and Pranut Potiyaraj. "Compatibilization Efficiency of Reactively Modified Poly(butylene succinate) as a Compatibilizer for Poly(butylene succinate) Composites." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.288.

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The modified poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), namely, PBS-g-MA and PBS-g-GMA were prepared in order to be used as a compatibilizer for PBS composites. The grafting of maleic anhydride (MA) or glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto PBS was carried out using a twin-screw extruder. The grafting reactions were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. Comparing with MA, it was found that GMA can be effectively grafted on PBS. The PBS-g-GMA was successfully used for PBS composites to enhance thermal properties. Furthermore, it was found that the incorporation of compatibilizer increased the melt viscosity of PBS composites.

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40

Wieczorowska–Tobis, Katarzyna, Arkadiusz Styszynski, Andrzej Breborowicz, and Dimitrios G. Oreopoulos. "Comparison of the Biocompatibility of Phosphate-Buffered Saline Alone, Phosphate-Buffered Saline Supplemented with Glucose, and Dianeal 3.86%." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 21, no. 3_suppl (December 2001): 362–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080102103s68.

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Objective We compared the effects of intraperitoneal infusion of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), of PBS supplemented with 3.86% glucose (G), and of standard dialysis solution [Dianeal 3.86%: Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, U.S.A. (D)] on intraperitoneal inflammation in dialyzed rats. Methods After catheter implantation, rats were infused on day 1 with PBS, on day 3 with PBS+G, on day 5 with D, and on day 7 again with PBS (PBS-2). After a 4-hour dwell, dialysate samples were collected and analyzed. Results All dialysate parameters studied [dialysate cell count, neutrophil:macrophage ratio (Ne:Ma), and total protein], except tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), were comparable during both PBS infusions. During dialysis with PBS+G, the inflammatory response was suppressed as compared with the first dialysis with PBS (cell count, p < 0.001; Ne:Ma, p < 0.05; TNFα, p < 0.001; total protein, p < 0.001). During dialysis with D, peritoneal inflammatory parameters were further suppressed (cell count, p < 0.001 vs PBS and p < 0.01 vs PBS+G; Ne:Ma, p < 0.001 vs PBS and p < 0.05 vs PBS+G; TNFα, p < 0.001 vs PBS and p < 0.001 vs PBS+G; total protein, p < 0.001 vs PBS and p < 0.01 vs PBS+G). Conclusions Hypertonicity of the dialysis fluid suppresses intraperitoneal inflammatory parameters in rats. The suppression was even more severe when Dianeal 3.86% was used. That finding could be due to the low pH and presence of GDPs in the fluid.

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Jariyasakoolroj, Piyawanee, and Suwabun Chirachanchai. "In Situ Chemical Modification of Thermoplastic Starch with Poly(L-lactide) and Poly(butylene succinate) for an Effectively Miscible Ternary Blend." Polymers 14, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040825.

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Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is in situ ring-opening polymerized with L-lactide (L-LA) and directly condensed with a poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) prepolymer in an extruder using two different production pathways to demonstrate the concept “like dissolves like” in a miscible poly(lactide)/TPS/PBS (PLA/TPS/PBS) ternary blend. The TPS crystalline pattern changes from a VH-type to an EH-type after TPS modification with a hydrophobic-PLLA segment. Heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation confirmed the successful formation of PLLA-TPS-PBS copolymers via two different in situ chemical modification pathways (i.e., (I) step-by-step modification and (II) one-pot reaction). All obtained PLLA-TPS-PBS copolymers functioned as the miscible phase, enhancing PLA/PLLA-TPS-PBS/PBS ternary blend miscibility, especially the random structural PLLA-TPS-PBS-II copolymers created in an in situ one-pot reaction. However, the PLLA-TPS-PBS-I copolymers can enhance PBS crystallization only. While the random PLLA-TPS-PBS-II copolymers exhibit a homogeneous multi-phase dispersion and crystallization acceleration in both the PLA and PBS chains. Moreover, the storage modulus level of the PLA/PLLA-TPS-PBS-II/PBS ternary blend remains high with a downward temperature shift in the glass transition region, indicating a stronger and more flexible system. The practical achievement of in situ modified TPS and, consequently, a miscible PLA/PLLA-TPS-PBS/PBS ternary blend with favorable physical properties, reveal its potential application in both compostable and food contact packaging.

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42

Beerens, Nancy, and Ben Berkhout. "The tRNA Primer Activation Signal in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genome Is Important for Initiation and Processive Elongation of Reverse Transcription." Journal of Virology 76, no. 5 (March 1, 2002): 2329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.5.2329-2339.2002.

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ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcription is primed by the cellular tRNA3 Lys molecule, which binds, with its 3"-terminal 18 nucleotides (nt), to a complementary sequence in the viral genome, the primer-binding site (PBS). Besides PBS-anti-PBS pairing, additional interactions between viral RNA sequences and the tRNA primer are thought to regulate the process of reverse transcription. We previously identified a novel 8-nt sequence motif in the U5 region of the HIV-1 RNA genome that is critical for tRNA3 Lys-mediated initiation of reverse transcription in vitro. This motif activates initiation from the natural tRNA3 Lys primer but is not involved in tRNA placement and was therefore termed primer activation signal (PAS). It was proposed that the PAS interacts with the anti-PAS motif in the TΨC arm of tRNA3 Lys. In this study, we analyzed several PAS-mutated viruses and performed reverse transcription assays with virion-extracted RNA-tRNA complexes. Mutation of the PAS reduced the efficiency of tRNA-primed reverse transcription. In contrast, mutations in the opposing leader sequence that trigger release of the PAS from base pairing stimulated reverse transcription. These results are similar to the reverse transcription effects observed in vitro. We also selected revertant viruses that partially overcome the reverse transcription defect of the PAS deletion mutant. Remarkably, all revertants acquired a single nucleotide substitution that does not restore the PAS sequence but that stimulates elongation of reverse transcription. These combined results indicate that the additional PAS-anti-PAS interaction is needed to assemble an initiation-competent and processive reverse transcription complex.

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43

Ingram, W. James. "Hexamine and the PBS." Medical Journal of Australia 146, no. 4 (February 1987): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb120223.x.

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44

Farrell, Mike. "New PBS prescription forms." Medical Journal of Australia 146, no. 9 (May 1987): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb120385.x.

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45

Balasubramanian, K. "Electronic states of PbS." Journal of Chemical Physics 85, no. 3 (August 1986): 1443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451235.

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46

Kerbel, Matthew R., Sumaiya Apee, and Marc Howard Ross. "PBS Ain't So Different." Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 5, no. 4 (September 2000): 8–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081180x00005004002.

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47

于, 蒙. "Preparation Technology of PBS." Hans Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology 10, no. 01 (2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjcet.2020.101001.

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48

Gasanova, U. A., O. M. Aliev, I. B. Bakhtiyarly, and Sh G. Mamedov. "The FeS–PbS System." Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 64, no. 2 (February 2019): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036023619020074.

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49

Afzaal, Mohammad, and Paul O'Brien. "Silica coated PbS nanowires." Journal of Materials Chemistry 16, no. 12 (2006): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b517258f.

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50

Aagaard, M., and M. Leeser. "PBS: proven Boolean simplification." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 13, no. 4 (April 1994): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/43.275356.

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