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Kim, Peter K., Pete Pierini, and Ritchie Wessling. "Thermal and Flammability Properties of Poly(p-phenylene- benzobisoxazole)." Journal of Fire Sciences 11, no. 4 (July 1993): 296–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419301100402.
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Poly( p-phenylene-benzobisoxazole), PBO, is a member of a family of rigid-rod, lyotropic liquid crystal polymers which can be fabricated into fiber, film and composites. PBO exhibits exceptional ignition resistance, low heat release rate, and very low smoke emission. PBO's fire, smoke, and toxicity (FST) properties are one of the best thermally stable polymers. PBO begins to ther mally decompose at 660 ° C and it has a char yield > 70% at 900 °C. It has LOI of > 56 and UL94 rating of VTM0 for 1 mil thick film. PBO generates almost no smoke, and very little toxic combustion products are generated during fire. PBO is more ignition resistant and has very low heat release (measured by the Cone Calorimeter) compared to other high temperature polymers. Carbon fabric/PBO composites do not ignite even after 15 minutes when exposed to a heat flux of 50 kW/m2. Preliminary results indicate that this carbon fabric/PBO composite meets the Navy's most critical fire, smoke, and toxicity requirements for applications inside submarines. PBO's unique combination of thermal, mechanical, and physical properties could provide enabling technology for the next generation of products for interior components of airplanes, ships, off shore structures, and other places where the fire, smoke, toxicity properties of the material and weight are critical.
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Zhou, Qianwen, Xiaopeng Deng, Bon-Gang Hwang, and Miao Yu. "System dynamics approach of knowledge transfer from projects to the project-based organization." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 15, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 324–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-06-2021-0142.
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PurposeAlthough knowledge transfer in the context of projects and project-based organizations (PBOs) has gained increasing attention from academia and industry, it is not clear how knowledge transfers from projects to their parent PBOs. This research aims to explore the main factors influencing knowledge transfer from projects to their parent PBOs, and analyze how these factors integrate the transfer process as system components using the system dynamics (SD) method.Design/methodology/approachBased on the literature review, investigation and interview, this paper adopts the event analysis to obtain the influencing factors from historical cases and establishes a conceptual model of knowledge transfer from five dimensions, which simultaneously considers the knowledge sender, knowledge receiver and the relationship between the knowledge sender and receiver, knowledge features and transfer context. Then, the relationships between variables in the qualitative model were clarified, and a quantitative model including seven feedback loops was established using the SD model. Lastly, the system simulation and sensitivity analysis of the main parameters were realized in Vensim PLE software.FindingsThe simulation analysis results show that the model can simulate the knowledge transfer process from projects to the PBO to a certain extent. This research fully demonstrates the impact of variables from five dimensions on knowledge transfer and incorporates the knowledge gap and transfer threshold in the research category. Moreover, the rationality of seven feedback loops proposed in the model was verified. And the effects of various factors on the amount of knowledge transferred and the PBO's knowledge stock were examined through sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, recommendations for developing an integrated knowledge transfer mechanism of PBOs and projects to enhance transfer effect are offered.Research limitations/implicationsThis research provides other researchers with a systematic understanding of transfer process from projects to PBOs, and insight for further research on knowledge transfer in project and organization contexts. Furthermore, this study guides researchers to focus on the causal processes that constitute knowledge transfer and explores the expected and unexpected phenomena generated over time. However, some variables involved in the transfer process are simplified, and the establishment of a more complex dynamic model needs further research and discussion.Practical implicationsBy establishing a simulation model for knowledge transfer from projects to their parent PBOs, this study helps project teams and PBOs grasp the overall picture of the transfer process. Especially, this paper provides target-oriented recommendations for project and PBO managers to implement effective knowledge transfer practices, which have certain practical values for knowledge cultivation, coordination, reuse and innovation in the organization.Originality/valueThis study contributes to knowledge management and project management literature by simulating the knowledge transfer process from projects to their parent PBOs. Additionally, this paper provides a reference for PBO and project managers to establish an integrated knowledge-transfer mechanism in the work process and comprehensively implement effective knowledge transfer practices.
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Colavitti, Anna Maria, and Alessia Usai. "Partnership building strategy in place branding as a tool to improve cultural heritage district’s design. The experience of UNESCO’s mining heritage district in Sardinia, Italy." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 5, no. 2 (August 17, 2015): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-02-2014-0007.
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Purpose – Literature on cultural districts has repeatedly pointed out the role of place branding as a tool to upgrade the image of urban environment as an indicator of meaning and significance. Throughout the case of UNESCO’s mining heritage district in Sardinia (Italy), the purpose of this paper is to investigate on the role that Place Branding Organizations (PBOs) has and/or may have in the construction of coherent images for landscape and cultural heritage in the design of “sustainable” cultural districts in connection with local authorities’ agenda. At this purpose, the authors propose an operative definition of “partnership building strategy” and a new analytic framework to evaluate PBO’s activity within place branding theory. Design/methodology/approach – Considering what recently expressed by UNESCO about the integration between spatial and cultural planning, the authors focus the research on cultural heritage districts protected by this organization. Starting from the definition of strategy proposed by Anholt (2011) and the participation-based approach outlined by Hankinson (2010), the authors propose a new analytic framework to evaluate PBO’s activity and the authors try to apply it to the experience of mining heritage in Sardinia (Italy), comparing the activity of local PBOs (the Consortium for the UNESCO’s Sardinian Geo-mining Park and the Local Tourism System) with the Development Plan of the Carbonia-Iglesias Province. In the final part of the work, the authors discuss the outcomes of the comparative analysis in terms of partnership building strategy and its influence on cultural heritage district design. Findings – The experience of the Sardinia district proves that partnership building strategy has a relevant role both in place branding and cultural heritage district design but it is not sufficient to make this letter really functioning. It confirms also that a place brand can survive to political regime changes on a periodic basis only if the PBO establishes an appropriate institutional framework for the creation of a cooperative network that can take the branding process forward. The research finding about place branding of UNESCO’s mining heritage sites, outline the demand for a new and more integrated approach in the district design, inspired to the geographic studies on “cultural basin.” Research limitations/implications – The analytical framework which the authors provide on the basis of a new operative definition of partnership strategy building, has proved to be a useful tool to assess PBO’s activity but, despite this, it represents only a partial result because the theoretical model of the relationships between PBOs, local and supra-local actors requires further developments to describe the effective type and nature of this links. Practical implications – The research finding about place branding of UNESCO’s mining heritage sites, outline the demand for a new and more integrated approach in the district design, inspired to the geographic studies on “cultural basin.” To achieve a real sustainable development and a shared enhancement of identity and landscape, the authors propose as a possible solution the abandonment of administrative boundaries in cultural planning through a correspondence between cultural district and historic region, this latter defined according to the methods and tools developed by the geographical sciences for the “cultural basin.” At this scope the authors propose a new methodological framework which takes the participation-based place branding into the “cultural heritage chain” for the district design, setting a future research agenda. Originality/value – The authors propose an operative definition of “partnership building strategy” for the participation-based approach outlined by Hankinson (2010) and, on this base, the authors test a new analytic framework to evaluate PBOs’ activity which combines the traditional activities of promotion and marketing with PBOs’ partnership strategies. Finally, the authors propose a methodological frame which brings the participation-based place branding into the “cultural heritage chain” setting a future research agenda in cultural heritage district’s design.
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DuBose, Coit M., Masana Arimura, and Edward G. Janzen. "Mass spectrometry of hydroxy-PBN's." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 15, no. 5 (November 1993): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(93)90332-o.
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HADHOUD, M., O. HALEIM, and M. SADEK. "EXPLOSIVE AND DETONATION CHARACTERISTICS OF PBX'S." International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 4, ASAT CONFERENCE (May 1, 1991): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asat.1991.25671.
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Schuppen, A., M. Marso, and H. Luth. "Overgrown silicon PBT's: calculations and measurements." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 41, no. 5 (May 1994): 751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.285028.
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Bhushan, B., and H. Opderbeck. "The Evolution of Data Switching for PBX's." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 3, no. 4 (1985): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.1985.1146237.
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Jiang, Yong-Hou, Chao-Ting Xiao, Shuang-Hui Yin, Priscilla F. Gerber, Patrick G. Halbur, and Tanja Opriessnig. "High prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine bocaviruses in pigs in the USA, and identification of multiple novel porcine bocaviruses." Journal of General Virology 95, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.057042-0.
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Viruses in the genus Bocavirus are associated with respiratory and enteric disease in dogs and cattle. In addition, novel porcine bocaviruses (PBoVs) have been identified in domestic and wild pigs in recent years, but are of unknown relevance to date. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence ra tes and genetic diversity of PBoVs in pigs in the USA. Using newly established multiplex real-time PCR assays, 385 lung, lymph node, serum and faecal samples from pigs with various disease conditions were investigated. A high PBoV prevalence rate ranging from 21.3 to 50.8 % was identified in the investigated samples and often two or more PBoV species were detected in the same sample. Cloning and sequencing analysis of the partial non-structural protein NS1 and the capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 of DNA samples positive for PBoV groups 1 (n = 6), 2 (n = 16) and 3 (n = 42), including subgroups 3A, 3B or 3C, revealed a high genetic diversity especially for the PBoV G3 VP2 gene, whereas the PBoV group 1 VP1 gene displayed a low nucleotide polymorphism. Using primer walking, 18 partial or nearly complete genomes of PBoVs were obtained and six of the 18 nearly complete genomes represented novel PBoV species. Recombination analysis using partial NS1, VP1 and VP2 genes and the nearly complete genomes indicated possible recombination events within and between PBoVs. Further studies will be required to reveal the possible pathogenic role of these diverse PBoVs.
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Eschenröder, Tjark C. "Secondary Buyout Performance." Zeitschrift für Bankrecht und Bankwirtschaft 32, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15375/zbb-2020-0106.
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AbstractThere is an ambivalent discussion about the performance of secondary buyouts (SBOs): Private equity (PE) sponsors often assume an underperformance of SBOs compared to primary buyouts (PBOs). However, the share of SBOs grew significantly to more than 50 percent of all buyouts in 2018. This paper contributes to solve this apparent contradiction. It analyses the performance of SBOs compared to PBOs based on a dataset of 295 UK portfolio companies which underwent back-to-back buyout rounds. The analysis of the total sample shows that SBOs perform worse or at least not better than PBOs. A more detailed analysis of subsamples reveals that SBOs may be attractive PE targets: The underperformance is driven by size and time effects. SBOs perform worse at growing small and medium-sized portfolio companies and are inferior at developing the profitability of medium-sized companies. Interestingly, the underperformance diminishes in the course of time; SBOs do not perform differently compared to PBOs for the time after the financial crises. Considering the limited supply of investment opportunities for PBOs, I find that well-chosen SBOs outperform the remaining, low performing PBOs. Therefore, SBOs are not means of last resort for PE firms. SBOs have a promising potential of value creation, which may partly explain the significant growth of SBO deals.
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Akhavan, Peyman, Mohammad Reza Zahedi, and Seyed Hosein Hosein. "A conceptual framework to address barriers to knowledge management in project-based organizations." Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues 7, no. 2/3 (August 26, 2014): 98–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebs-10-2013-0040.
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Purpose – The purposes of this study are to identify, classify and prioritize knowledge management (KM) barriers in an Iranian project-based organization (PBO) and to present a conceptual framework for improving attitudes to KM in the Iranian context. Design/methodology/approach – After studying previous literature on the topic, initial barriers of KM in PBOs were extracted. Then, a list of barriers of KM in the aforementioned organizations was finalized by interviewing experts in KM. After that, the barriers were prioritized using a questionnaire. Finally, a conceptual framework for successfully tackling KM barriers was presented. Findings – In this article, barriers of KM in PBOs have been divided into five categories: individual, organizational, technological, contextual, and inter-project. Then a three-layered conceptual framework has been presented which describes how the barriers of KM in PBOs may be removed progressively. Practical implications – The prepared and prioritized list of barriers of KM in PBOs is a stepping stone and a guideline for managers in PBOs which will enable them to identify barriers of KM in their own organizations and resolve them and improve KM in their organizations. It also serves as a useful base for researchers to expand further research concerning barriers of KM in PBOs. Originality/value – This article is probably the first article which has identified barriers of KM via interviews and questionnaires carried out in 50 active PBOs which had a KM section. The article also presents a three-layered framework for lowering barriers of KM, which can be applied step by step after considering the level of importance of each one identified.
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Hasui, K., S. Morita, Y. Fujii, and N. Aritaka. "New Development Method of Office Automation-Oriented PBX's." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 3, no. 4 (1985): 546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.1985.1146231.
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Jawad, Attaullah, and Hameedullah Noori. "Challenges of Human Resources Management in Project-based Organizations." Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal 2, no. 4 (December 24, 2021): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v2i4.351.
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Organizations are constantly under the influence of the environment they are operating in. The Industrial Revolution necessitated the establishment of long-lasting organizations with an emphasis on the stability of activities. However, undermining this principle, today’s businesses and organizations have moved towards projectification. This has demoted permanent and long-lasting activities in task-oriented organizations and transformed the meaning of many concepts such as financial management, human resource management, and knowledge management. Human resources management (HRM) is one of the areas of management that has undergone major changes in project-based organizations (PBOs). Since this new nature of organizations and businesses has challenged the stability of HRM, PBOs must plan and develop alternative methods for HRM. This paper hence aims to introduce the concept of PBOs and different types of PBOs and then discuss how this new organizational structure affects and challenges HRM.
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Quattrocchi, Keith B., Edmund H. Frank, Claramae H. Miller, Asim Amin, Bernardo W. Issel, and Franklin C. Wagner. "Impairment of helper T-cell function and lymphokineactivated killer cytotoxicity following severe head injury." Journal of Neurosurgery 75, no. 5 (November 1991): 766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1991.75.5.0766.
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✓ Infection is a major complication of severe head injury, occurring in 50% to 75% of patients who survive to hospitalization. Previous investigations of immune activity following head injury have demonstrated suppression of helper T-cell activation. In this study, the in vitro production of interferon-gamma (INF-γ), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) was determined in 25 head-injured patients following incubation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL's) with the lymphocyte mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In order to elucidate the functional status of cellular cytotoxicity, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell cytotoxicity assays were performed both prior to and following incubation of PBL's with IL-2 in five patients with severe head injury. The production of INF-γ and IL-2 by PHA-stimulated PBL's was maximally depressed within 24 hours of injury (p < 0.001 for INF-γ, p = 0.035 for IL-2) and partially normalized within 21 days of injury. There was no change in the production of IL-1. When comparing the in vitro LAK cell cytotoxicity of PBL's from head-injured patients and normal subjects, there was a significant depression in LAK cell cytotoxicity both prior to (p = 0.010) and following (p < 0.001) incubation of PBL's with IL-2. The results of this study indicate that IL-2 and INF-γ production, normally required for inducing cell-mediated immunity, is suppressed following severe head injury. The failure of IL-2 to enhance LAK cell cytotoxicity suggests that factors other than decreased IL-2 production, such as inhibitory soluble mediators or suppressor lymphocytes, may be responsible for the reduction in cellular immune activity following severe head injury. These findings may have significant implications in designing clinical studies aimed at reducing the incidence of infection following severe head injury.
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Ren, Xu, Zi Yan, Zhaojing Wang, and Jingwen He. "Inter-project knowledge transfer in project-based organizations: an organizational context perspective." Management Decision 58, no. 5 (August 13, 2019): 844–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-11-2018-1211.
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Purpose Numerous studies highlight the importance of knowledge transfer between projects, but the influence factors are still debated. As a contribution to the identified gap, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of organizational context, project characteristics and social relations in the inter-project knowledge transfer within the project-based organizations (PBOs). Design/methodology/approach This paper collects the data through 268 sample questionnaires from Chinese construction sectors and applies the structure equation modeling to analyze knowledge transfer between projects in PBOs. Findings The results indicate the organizational context (meeting system, reward system and shared culture) and project characteristics (similarity and urgency) are antecedents affecting social relations (communication, trust and reciprocity) between project teams, and their social relations further influence the effectiveness of inter-project knowledge transfer. Originality/value The study highlights the role of organizational context and effect of social relations for inter-project knowledge transfer in PBOs, and provides valuable suggestions for knowledge and project management in PBOs.
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Miterev, Maxim, Mats Engwall, and Anna Jerbrant. "Mechanisms of Isomorphism in Project-Based Organizations." Project Management Journal 48, no. 5 (October 2017): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875697281704800502.
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This article challenges the dominant assumption of goal rationality behind temporary organizations’ design in project-based organizations (PBOs). While extant literature posits that organizations strive to select the most appropriate project arrangements to fit particular task requirements at hand, findings from an in-depth ethnography-inspired case study suggest that projects in PBOs tend to imitate each other's structures, strategies, and practices with little consideration of the potential performance effects. Building upon the new institutionalism, this article conceptualizes the PBO as an organizational field of temporary and permanent organizations embedded in wider organizational and institutional fields and explicates isomorphic processes among temporary organizations in PBOs.
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Duong, Xuan-Lam, and Shu-Yi Liaw. "Online Interpersonal Relationships and Data Ownership Awareness Mediate the Relationship between Perceived Benefits and Problematic Internet Shopping." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 3439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063439.
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Maladaptive and problematic buying/shopping has been the subject of a considerable amount of research over the last few decades. This research exploited the stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) theory to evaluate the mediating effects of online interpersonal relationships and data ownership awareness on the relationship between consumers’ perceived benefit of online shopping and problematic internet shopping behavior. A total of 409 internet shoppers participated in this study. The authors performed all the analyses using the statistical package SPSS. The bootstrapping method used parallel and serial mediation models to assess whether OIR and DOA mediate the relationship between PBOS and PIS. The analysis results indicate that PBOS has a negative influence on PIS. In addition, OIR and DOA sequentially and partly mediate the relationship between PBOS and PIS. Pairwise comparisons amongst the three indirect effects suggest that OIR affects the PBOS-PIS relationship more than the other two effects. These results furnish substantial contributions that may advance a coherent theoretical framework on the pathways in which OIR and DOA may influence problematic internet shopping. Limitations of the current study and the implications of these findings are delineated.
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Backlund, Fredrik, and Erik Sundqvist. "Continuous improvement: challenges for the project-based organization." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 35, no. 7 (August 6, 2018): 1306–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-12-2016-0229.
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Purpose There are limited studies of continuous improvement (CI) from the perspective of a project-based organization (PBO). Hence, the purpose of this paper is to explore challenges that PBOs may encounter when applying CI. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory and qualitative approach has been used, involving six management teams in six different PBOs, using focus groups interviews as data collecting method. Findings A high degree of autonomy among project managers seems to limit a collective approach to project management in PBOs. As a consequence the overall PBO performance becomes subordinate to the individual project performance—an approach opposite to that of CI. Further, the management teams themselves seem to uphold a project focus, also complicating improvement initiatives from a PBO-perspective. Research limitations/implications The management teams have been the unit of analysis, where the PBOs mainly conduct projects in an engineering and construction context, and are located in the same country and region. This approach enables the thorough study of a phenomenon, while preconditions for generalization are limited. However, the findings could be used by researchers as a basis for more in-depth studies of specific challenges, and for making surveys to obtain generalization of results. Practical implications The results can induce awareness and understanding of different challenges if applying CI in a PBO, hence a starting point for finding ways to overcome these challenges. Originality/value The article contributes to an increased understanding of challenges that PBOs may encounter when applying CI, confirming and presenting additional findings compared to previous studies.
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Voitkane, Santa, and Ingrida Jakusonoka. "Assessment of the Financial Performance Transparency of Public Benefit Organisations." Economics and Culture 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jec-2019-0006.
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Abstract Research purpose. The aim of the research is to assess the transparency of financial performance of public benefit organisations (PBOs). Methodology. To achieve the aim and to accomplish the tasks set, general-scientific methods were used: the monographic method, the method of document analysis and the graphical method. A statistical analysis method – descriptive statistics – and a sociological research method – surveying – were used as well. Findings. Since 1 October 2014 when the Public Benefit Organisation Law came into force in Latvia, the number of PBOs has been increasing every year. On 1 January 2018, the number of organisations with valid PBO status had reached 2,775. To get an insight into the opinions of Latvian PBOs on the disclosure of financial information, a questionnaire was developed. The survey was attended by 201 respondents. The questionnaires revealed that 64.68 percent of the respondent organisations had a website or a web page on a social network, although only 21.89 percent of these respondents' websites contained some sort of financial information. In parallel with the PBO survey, a society survey was conducted to get an overview of the public opinions about the need to make PBO financial information freely available. The survey was attended by 116 respondents. The results indicated that although the PBO attitude to the disclosure of financial information was considered to be reserved, the public saw the need for such information. In view of the insufficient availability of financial information in the country and the low activity of PBOs themselves in voluntarily disclosing their financial information on their websites, it is necessary to carry out activities that supplement free-access information resources and/or motivate the organisations themselves to provide free access to such information. Practical implications. Based on the experience of other European countries, the Ministry of Finance has to consider amending the PBO Law to oblige PBOs to publish their annual financial and performance reports on their websites or in an equivalent way, thereby contributing to the transparency and accountability of the PBOs towards the society.
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Zighan, Saad, Ziad Alkalha, David Bamford, Iain Reid, and Zu'bi M. F. Al-Zu'bi. "Servitisation through structural adaptation." Journal of Service Theory and Practice 31, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 468–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-06-2020-0144.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the structural changes needed for project-based organisations (PBOs) to synthesise their project operations and services following the servitisation strategy. It addresses the question of how PBOs should change their organisational structure fitting with service provision strategy.Design/methodology/approachThis study followed an exploratory research method using a single in-depth case with evidence collected from 51 project managers from five different industry sectors: construction, oil and gas, IT, logistics and health careFindingsCapitalising on organisational design theory, it has been found that successfully extending PBOs' outcomes into a system of both project output and extra services requires an adjustment of organisational structure that creates greater value for both companies and customers. This required adjustment has been divided into five main categories: (1) collaboration cross-project and customers; (2) flexible workflow, (3) decentralised decision-making, (4) wide span of control and (5) project governance. However, the findings indicate that success can only be ensured by particular mutually coordinated organisational designs with a suitable balance of products and servicesPractical implicationsThis study presents vital indicators to PBOs practitioners when deploying servitisation within their operational strategy by adjusting the organisation's design.Social implicationsServitisation could add both economic and social values for a diverse set of project stakeholders. However, the sustainability performance of servitisation in servitised project-based organisations is an outcome of reducing the discrepancy between project operation and service provision activities.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the body of knowledge and proposes a structural alteration process in PBOs to help align project operations and service provision activities. It explains how project-based organisations reconfigure their resources to provide services.
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Waniak-Michalak, Halina, and Ewelina Zarzycka. "Financial And Non-financial Factors Motivating Individual Donors To Support Public Benefit Organizations." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 18, no. 1 (March 20, 2015): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2015-0008.
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This study is aimed at determining how the financial data of public benefit organizations (PBOs) affects donations received by them and if the donors use financial and non-financial information in order to donate. In order to achieve our aim we used different methods of research: quantitative research (econometric model and survey) and qualitative research (laboratory test). The research allowed us to draw the conclusion that Polish donors make very limited use of PBOs’ financial statements in the donation process and that non-financial information plays greater role for donors in making decisions to give charitable donations. The most important information is the organization's goals and descriptions of its projects. At the same time, many donors stated that they donated under the influence of people they knew. This article fits into the scope of world research on PBOs and uses the concept of civil society.
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Takanashi, Yoshifumi, Hiromitsu Asai, Seigo Ando, Hideo Sugiura, Takashi Honda, and Nobuhiko Susa. "Microwave Performance of GaAs PBT's Fabricated from MO-CVD Wafers." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 25, Part 2, No. 2 (February 20, 1986): L111—L113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.25.l111.
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Edwards, Leigh H. "The Endless End of Frontier Mythology: PBS's Frontier House 2002." Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Film and Television Studies 37, no. 1 (2007): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/flm.2007.0010.
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Arbabi, Hani, Mohammad-Javad Salehi-Taleshi, and Kian Ghods. "The role of project management office in developing knowledge management infrastructure." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 10 (July 16, 2020): 3261–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-11-2019-0600.
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PurposeKnowledge management (KM) is regarded as an essential factor in project-based organizations (PBOs), leading to organizational learning across projects. Over recent years, most PBOs have inserted project management offices (PMOs) into their hierarchical charts to manage their projects much more coherently. These offices can correspondingly provide KM facilities in PBOs. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between PMO functions and KM infrastructure, as KM enablers in organizations, in Iranian oil and gas upstream PBOs.Design/methodology/approachA two-phase quantitative survey strategy was exercised in this research. The first phase was to investigate the relationship between PMOs and KM infrastructure and to prioritize PMO functions and KM infrastructure based on their existing implementation/establishment status in Iranian oil and gas upstream PBOs. The research participants, identified through the website of the National Iran Oil Company (NIOC), were comprised of 46 oil and gas upstream PBOs which applied for exploration and production (E&P) certificate in Iran in 2016 and 2017. Accordingly, a total number of 46 questionnaires were submitted to the aforementioned companies with a return rate of 41 cases. The second phase was fulfilled questioning 19 Iranian oil and gas industry experts to determine the one-to-one effect of PMO functions on KM infrastructure and to verify the first-phase results.FindingsThe results indicated a strong relationship between PMO functions and KM infrastructure. This relationship was significant with regard to “practice management” and “technical support”, having the most considerable connections with KM infrastructure. According to the first-phase results, the main functions of PMOs in Iranian oil and gas industry were “practice management” and “technical support”. Considering KM infrastructure, “structure” showed the lowest mean value while “culture”, “human resources” and “processes and procedures” obtained the highest scores. The results also demonstrated that PMO functions could lead to more improvements in “processes and procedures”, as a sub-component of KM infrastructure, compared with other sub-components. Furthermore, the oil and gas industry experts believed that “organizational culture” in KM could be shaped by most of PMO functions.Originality/valueThis study fulfilled the need for exploring the relationship between PMO functions and KM since academic literature lacked a thorough investigation, to the best of authors' knowledge, pertaining to the effects of PMO functions on KM development in oil and gas PBOs.
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Sundqvist, Erik. "The Role of Project Managers as Improvement Agents in Project-Based Organizations." Project Management Journal 50, no. 3 (April 9, 2019): 376–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756972819832784.
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We propose that the project manager is implicitly expected to participate in and contribute to continuous improvement in project-based organizations (PBOs). This article explores how project management literature treats the project manager in relation to improving overall PBO performance. The results, supported by case study insights, indicate implicit expectations of the project manager to contribute to organization-level PBO improvement. We argue that if organization-level improvement should be part of project management practice in PBOs, as promoted in project management literature, the role of improvement agent needs to be formalized for the project manager.
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Bradlow, Hugh S., and Houston F. Byrd. "Mean waiting time evaluation of packet switches for centrally controlled PBX's." Performance Evaluation 7, no. 4 (November 1987): 309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-5316(87)90016-2.
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Atencio, Edison, Guillermo Bustos, and Mauro Mancini. "Enterprise Architecture Approach for Project Management and Project-Based Organizations: A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 9, 2022): 9801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169801.
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Project-based organizations (PBOs) derive income from conducting projects for their clients. Maintaining the most effective and efficient project governance style is an ongoing process for these organizations as the context continuously changes. Enterprise architecture (EA) is a systemic approach that supports organizations in modeling and describing themselves in different layers, such as strategy, business, application, and technology. This literature review describes the current state of EA usage in improving and quickly revising project management governance in PBOs to benefit practitioners and researchers for an integrated view of EA, PM, and PBO, and identification of future research gaps. This review used an EA model composed of layers as an analytical framework. The extracted bibliometric and content data from selected articles were processed using the VOSviewer tool for identifying and understanding the relationships between main concepts through network mapping. The selected articles are oriented to internal organization projects, mainly in information technology (IT). The need to align projects with business is highlighted, with EA positioned as a governance tool. It was found that application of EA in PBOs is rare. A trend toward using popular PM and EA frameworks, such as PMBOK and ArchiMate, was observed.
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Gibilisco, Marina. "The Influence of Quarks and Gluons Jets Coming from Primordial Black Holes on the Reionization of the Universe." International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no. 23 (September 20, 1997): 4167–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97002280.
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In a previous work, I discussed the effect of the primordial black holes (PBH's) quantum evaporation on the reionization of the Universe at small redshifts (z ≤ 60): in principle, the photons emitted during the evaporation of such objects could drive a new ionization for the Universe after the recombination epoch; this reionization process should happen during the last stages of the PBH's life, when they totally evaporate and emit a lot of massive and massless particles. The critical mass of a black hole whose lifetime is equal to the present age of the Universe is ~ 4.4 × 1014 h-0.3 g: thus, PBH's having a mass M ~ 1014 g are the ideal candidates to induce a reionization at small redshifts. While in my previous study, I considered an exact blackbody photon emission spectrum, here I will adopt a more realistic one, taking into account the quarks and gluons jets emission through the contribution of a known fragmentation function. When the BH temperature rises above the QCD confinement scale, ΛQCD, one should expect an important contribution from quarks and gluons emission in the form of jets. In this paper I also improved my analysis by considering without any approximation the cooling effects in the plasma temperature evolution; as a result, I obtained a satisfactory "late and sudden" reionization process, characterized by a very well controlled rise of the plasma temperature: the plasma heating is not so high to induce a strong distortion of the CBR spectrum, in agreement with the recent FIRAS upper limit on the comptonization parameter, yc < 2.5 × 10-5.
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Li, Jin Huan, Hai Yang Wang, and Rui Hai Wang. "Highly Soluble Poly (Aryl-Ether Benzoxazole) Random Copolymers by Aromatic Nucleophilic Polycondensation: Synthesis and Properties." Advanced Materials Research 279 (July 2011): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.279.120.
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Aromatic polybenzoxazoles (PBOs) are very promising materials for civil, aerospace and electronics industries due to their outstanding mechanical properties, good thermooxidative stability and chemical resistance. However, the feasibility of the wide applications is hindered due to the difficulty of their processing derived from the very rigid structure. Poly(aryl-ether benzoxazole) random copolymers (PAEXBOx) were prepared by nucleophilic polycondensation. Ary-ether ketone and aryl-ether sulfone segments along with flexible linkages and bulky groups were introduced to provide PAEXBOx with good solubility in organic solvents. PAEXBOx exhibit the improved Tgs, and intermediate properties between pristine PBOs and poly(acryl ether)s (PAEs). The structure and properties of the polymers were systematically characterized.
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Yoshida, Seiichi, Ryuichi Tanaka, Masashi Ono, Nobuyuki Takai, and Takafumi Saito. "Analysis of mixed lymphocyte-tumor culture in patients with malignant brain tumor." Journal of Neurosurgery 71, no. 3 (September 1989): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.71.3.0398.
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✓ To ascertain whether tumor-specific immune response occurs in patients with malignant brain tumors, lymphocyte blastogenetic responses to tumor cells were examined in 18 patients prior to operation and other treatment. Among 12 patients with malignant glioma, the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL's) showed a positive blastogenetic response to their own glioma cells in seven (58.3%), whereas the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL's) showed a positive response in only three (25%). In four (66.7%) of six patients with metastatic brain tumors, however, both the PBL's and TIL's showed a positive blastogenetic response to their own tumor cells. In these four patients, this lymphocyte blastogenetic response to tumor cells were at a much lower level compared with phytohemagglutinin P or allogeneic lymphocyte stimulation. Furthermore, these responses were increased when the cells were cultured with interferon-γ (500 U). Other lymphokines had no effect on the response. This method appears to be useful in identifying the tumor-specific immune response in patients with malignant brain tumor.
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Hilmes, Michele. "Where is PBS's Oprah?: Media Studies and the Fear of the Popular." Journal of Communication 54, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2004.tb02620.x.
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Ali, Imran, Ata Ul Musawir, and Murad Ali. "Impact of knowledge sharing and absorptive capacity on project performance: the moderating role of social processes." Journal of Knowledge Management 22, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 453–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-10-2016-0449.
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Purpose This study aims to propose an integrated model to examine the impact of knowledge governance, knowledge sharing and absorptive capacity (ACAP) on project performance in the context of project-based organizations (PBOs). This study also examines the moderating role of social processes on the relationships among these variables. Design/methodology/approach To test the proposed model, cross-sectional data were collected regarding projects from 133 PBOs in Pakistan’s information technology/software industry. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares – structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method and PRCOESS tool. Finally, this study also uses causal asymmetry analysis to check asymmetric relationship in the key constructs. Findings The results generally support the proposed model. Knowledge governance and knowledge sharing are important antecedents for improving the ACAP of the project, which in turn significantly improves project performance. Additionally, social processes positively moderate the relationship between knowledge sharing and ACAP, as well as between ACAP and project performance. Research limitations/implications The findings suggest that PBOs should invest in developing a knowledge governance system that guides and stimulates knowledge sharing within and between projects. This would boost the ACAP of projects and lead to superior project performance. Originality/value This study addresses the important issue of knowledge management in IT/software projects. It proposes a unique model that integrates the key constructs of knowledge management and describes their effect on project performance.
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Fizazi, Karim, Namphuong Tran, Luis Enrique Fein, Nobuaki Matsubara, Anders Bjartell, Luca Galli, Jae-Lyun Lee, et al. "Abiraterone acetate (AA) plus prednisone (P) 5 mg QD in metastatic castration-naïve prostate cancer (mCNPC): Detailed safety analyses from the LATITUDE phase 3 trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2018): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.182.
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182 Background: AA + P added to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed mCNPC patients (pts). AA has been previously coadministered with P (10 mg QD). As a lower dose of P (5 mg QD) was used in LATITUDE, we conducted additional safety analyses. Methods: 1199 pts with newly diagnosed, high-risk mCNPC (≥ 2 of 3 risk factors: Gleason ≥ 8, ≥ 3 bone lesions, visceral metastases) were randomized 1:1 to AA (1 gm QD) + P (5 mg QD) + ADT or placebos (PBOs) of AA and P + ADT: median treatment duration 24 and 14 mo, respectively. Safety analyses focused on key mineralocorticoid excess (ME)-related adverse events (AEs): hypertension (HTN) and hypokalemia. Results: Increased HTN with 5 mg/d P with AA + ADT (relative risk, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.4-1.9]) was similar to prior studies using 10 mg/d P (COU-AA-301: 1.4 [0.9-2.0]; COU-AA-302: 1.6 [1.2-2.1]). Of Gr 3/4 HTN events, 87% (109/126 [AA + P + ADT]) and 83% (52/63 [PBOs + ADT]) resolved to Gr ≤ 2. There were few cerebrovascular events: AA + P + ADT, 5; PBOs + ADT, 9. The protocol allowed increasing dose of P to 10 mg for ME-related AEs, but most Gr 3/4 HTN events were managed only by supplemental antihypertensives. Prior use of antihypertensives at study entry was predictive of Gr 3/4 HTN in both treatment arms (RR: 1.85; 95% CI, 1.14-3.01). Gr 3/4 hypokalemia increased with AA + P + ADT (10.4% [62/597]) vs PBOs + ADT (1.3% [8/602]); 89% (55/62) and 100% (8/8) of these events improved to Gr ≤ 2. Less than 1% of pts in either arm discontinued therapy for ME-related AEs. Conclusions: In-depth analysis of LATITUDE data confirms the safety of 5 mg/d P with AA + ADT and helps provide practical treatment guidance for managing mCNPC. Clinical trial information: NCT01715285. [Table: see text]
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Ruffato, Gianluca, Michele Massari, Pietro Capaldo, and Filippo Romanato. "Holographic Silicon Metasurfaces for Total Angular Momentum Demultiplexing Applications in Telecom." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (June 11, 2019): 2387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112387.
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The simultaneous processing of orbital angular momentum (OAM) and polarization has recently acquired particular importance and interest in a wide range of fields ranging from telecommunications to high-dimensional quantum cryptography. Due to their inherently polarization-sensitive optical behavior, Pancharatnam–Berry optical elements (PBOEs), acting on the geometric phase, have proven to be useful for the manipulation of complex light beams with orthogonal polarization states using a single optical element. In this work, different PBOEs have been computed, realized, and optically analyzed for the sorting of beams with orthogonal OAM and polarization states at the telecom wavelength of 1310 nm. The geometric-phase control is obtained by inducing a spatially-dependent form birefringence on a silicon substrate, patterned with properly-oriented subwavelength gratings. The digital grating structure is generated with high-resolution electron beam lithography on a resist mask and transferred to the silicon substrate using inductively coupled plasma-reactive ion etching. The optical characterization of the fabricated samples confirms the expected capability to detect circularly-polarized optical vortices with different handedness and orbital angular momentum.
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Bucero, Alfonso, and Raimonda Alonderienė. "DEVELOPING ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT ADJUSTMENTS IN PROJECT-BASED ORGANIZATIONS." European Project Management Journal 12, no. 2 (December 2022): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56889/nwfc4951.
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We found several publications on project-based organizations (PBOs) in the project management literature, but only a few deals with projects’ mutual adjustment and organizational context. This research uses a qualitative methodology to develop a paradigm for organizational context–project adaptations in project-based organizations. The framework defines PBOs’ activities to establish their organizational context, modify processes, and create relationships to help and support the project’s needs. We used a representative sampling approach where cross-sectional, semi-structured interviews interviewed twenty-six highly experienced senior project management experts. Our findings, organized according to the blocks we used to categorize the organizational context literature: culture, strategy, structure, processes, power dynamics, state/condition, and time, provide practitioners with a background to shape their project context and academics with a basis for further theorizing.
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Ren, Xu, Xiaofang Deng, and Lihua Liang. "Knowledge transfer between projects within project-based organizations: the project nature perspective." Journal of Knowledge Management 22, no. 5 (June 11, 2018): 1082–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-05-2017-0184.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate how project nature affects the effectiveness of knowledge transfer between projects in project-based organizations (PBOs) and to analyze the roles of inter-project communication, transfer intention and information technology (IT) in the influencing process. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopted a questionnaire survey method to collect data from construction enterprises in China and subsequently proceeded to structural equation modeling analysis with a total of 261 samples. Findings The results indicate that the similarity of projects could promote the inter-project communication and improve transfer intention, which further influences knowledge transfer effectiveness positively within PBOs. The urgency of projects has a negative impact on inter-project communication and transfer intention. The temporality of projects also negatively affects inter-project communication. They consequently hinder the knowledge transfer behaviors between projects. Additionally, the application of IT improves the frequency of communication and makes up for the negative impact of geographical distance between projects on knowledge transfer. Practical implications Based on the results, a series of strategies is recommended to improve knowledge transfer effectiveness between projects, including standardizing project management, promoting information construction, establishing a post-project evaluation system and creating a shared culture, so that the competitive advantages of PBOs could be improved. Originality/value The study explores the factors influencing knowledge transfer between projects from the perspective of project nature and provides guidance for enhancing knowledge management and project management practices.
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Melkonian, Tessa, and Thierry Picq. "Building Project Capabilities in PBOs: Lessons from the French Special Forces." International Journal of Project Management 29, no. 4 (May 2011): 455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2011.01.002.
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Oliński, Marian, and Piotr Szamrowski. "The Use of the Twitter in Public Benefit Organisations in Poland: How Communicative Function of Tweets Translates Into Audience Reaction?" Central European Economic Journal 5, no. 52 (May 7, 2019): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceej-2018-0009.
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Abstract Scientific research into the use of social media in the activities of nonprofit organisations has focused mainly on the scale of their application and on the analysis of the static elements of the social media profile. The research presented in this article concerns the specific form of nonprofit organisation, namely public benefit organisations (PBOs). The aim of the article is, therefore, to identify the leading function of the content published on Twitter and to determine how this function translates into public engagement. During the research process, the content analysis method was used (a sample of 981 tweets was selected for this purpose). The results indicate that Twitter usage by Polish PBOs is of minor importance. Generally, with the exception of the largest organisations, the Twitter profile was primarily focused on delivering information only and, hence, was used in one-way communication.
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Liu, Justina YW, Michelle Briggs, and José Closs. "Acceptability of Pain Behaviour Observational Methods (PBOMs) for use by nursing home staff." Journal of Clinical Nursing 20, no. 13-14 (June 12, 2011): 2071–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03671.x.
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Kapoun, A. M., and T. C. Kaufman. "A functional analysis of 5′, intronic and promoter regions of the homeotic gene proboscipedia in Drosophila melanogaster." Development 121, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 2127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.7.2127.
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In Drosophila, the homeotic gene proboscipedia (pb) is required for the formation of the adult mouthparts. To determine the functional significance of putative pb regulatory DNA, we have performed an in vivo analysis of sequences upstream of and within pb using a series of minigenes. Additionally, we have initiated a dissection of pb's promoter and enhancer elements using lacZ reporter gene constructs. Our results establish that a conserved region located in the second intron is essential for proper formation of the adult mouthparts. A 0.5 kb fragment from this region was shown to direct lacZ expression in a pb pattern in both embryos and third instar labial discs when combined with a 600 bp pb basal promoter sequence. A 32 bp element contained within the 0.5 kb region functions as a labial disc enhancers for pb. Surprisingly, the conserved second intron pb enhancers do not function properly with a heterologous hsp70 promoter, suggesting that promoter-specific interactions occur at the pb locus. We also found redundant and cryptic enhancers in the large introns of pb that are not required for pb function. Finally, we demonstrate that the pb transcription unit does not require sequences upstream of −98 bp to provide pb function in the labial discs. Rather, pb's upstream DNA appears to contain negative regulatory DNA required for silencing PB accumulation in inappropriate domains of third instar imaginal discs. Thus, we have defined many of pb's cis-controlling sequences to an experimentally manageable size, thereby making this an attractive system for the discovery of transacting proteins and, consequently, for elucidating the mechanisms of homeotic gene regulation.
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Janzen, Edward G., and Coit M. Dubose. "Electron Impact Mass Spectra of Some Substituted C-Phenyl N-tert-Butyl Nitrones (PBN's)." Analytical Letters 26, no. 12 (December 1993): 2661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719308017982.
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Fizazi, Karim, Namphuong Tran, Luis Enrique Fein, Nobuaki Matsubara, Alfredo Rodríguez Antolín, Boris Y. Alekseev, Mustafa Ozguroglu, et al. "LATITUDE: A phase III, double-blind, randomized trial of androgen deprivation therapy with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone or placebos in newly diagnosed high-risk metastatic hormone-naive prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2017): LBA3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.18_suppl.lba3.
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LBA3 Background: Pts with newly diagnosed mHNPC, particularly with high-risk characteristics, have a poor prognosis. ADT+docetaxel showed improved outcomes in mHNPC, but many pts are not candidates for docetaxel and may benefit from alternative therapy. AA+P is indicated for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer pts. LATITUDE evaluates clinical benefit of early intervention with AA+P added to ADT in newly diagnosed, high-risk mHNPC pts. Methods: 1199 pts with newly diagnosed (≤ 3 mos prior to randomization) mHNPC (ECOG PS 0-2) with ≥ 2 of 3 risk factors (Gleason ≥ 8, ≥ 3 bone lesions, measurable visceral metastases) were randomized 1:1 to ADT+AA (1 g QD) + P (5 mg QD) or ADT+PBOs of AA and P. Co-primary end points were overall survival (OS) and radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS). One rPFS (~565 events), 2 interim, and 1 final OS analyses (~426, ~554, and ~852 events) were planned. Results: At this first interim analysis (median follow-up of 30.4 mos; 406 deaths [48%]; 593 rPFS events), OS, rPFS, and all secondary end points significantly favored ADT+AA+P (Table). The IDMC unanimously recommended unblinding the study and crossing pts to ADT+AA+P. Grade 3/4 adverse events (ADT+AA+P vs ADT+PBOs) (%): hypertension (20.3 vs 10.0); hypokalemia (10.4 vs 1.3); increased ALT (5.5 vs 1.3) or AST (4.4 vs 1.5). Conclusions: Early use of AA+P added to ADT in pts with high-risk mHNPC yielded significantly improved OS, rPFS, and all secondary end points vs ADT+PBOs alone. ADT+AA+P had a favorable risk/benefit ratio and supports early intervention with AA+P in newly diagnosed, high-risk mHNPC. Clinical trial information: NCT01715285. [Table: see text]
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Zisterer, D. M., M. M. McGee, G. Campiani, A. Ramunno, C. Fattorusso, V. Nacci, M. Lawler, and D. C. Williams. "Pyrrolo-1,5-benzoxazepines: a new class of apoptotic agents." Biochemical Society Transactions 29, no. 6 (November 1, 2001): 704–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0290704.
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Some members of a series of novel pyrrolo-1,5-benzoxazepines (PBOXs) potently induce apoptosis in a number of human cancerous cell lines including HL-60 cells and the drug-resistant chronic myelogenous leukaemia cell line, K562. The apoptotic induction seems to be independent of the mitochondrial peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), which binds these PBOXs with high affinity, due to a lack of correlation between their affinities for the receptor and their apoptotic potencies and their high apoptotic activity in PBR-deficient cells. PBOX-6, a potent member of the series, induces a transient activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in a dose-dependent manner, which correlates with induction of apoptosis. Expression of a cytoplasmic inhibitor of the JNK signal transduction pathway, Jip-1, prevents JNK activity and significantly reduces the extent of apoptosis induced by PBOX-6. This demonstrates the requirement for JNK in the cellular response to this apoptotic agent. In addition, PBOX-6 activates caspase-3-like proteases in K562 and HL-60 cells. The caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluoromethylketone (z-DEVD-fmk), blocks caspase-3-like protease activity in both cell types but only prevents PBOX-6-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells, suggesting that the requirement for caspase-3-like proteases in the apoptotic pathway is dependent on the cell type.
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Moncalvo, A., G. Rizzotto, and G. Valbonesi. "ECBM--Low-Cost Echo Canceller in a Silicon Boutique for Terminals, PBX's and CO Access." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 4, no. 8 (November 1986): 1331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.1986.1146462.
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Iso, Naoki. "Bourdieusian Self-Analyses as a Japanese Sociologist." SOCIOLOGIA E RICERCA SOCIALE, no. 126 (March 2022): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sr2021-126011.
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Iso's article painstakingly reviews his research on the epistemology of PB's sociology. His biographical experience (especially the transition across three different countries, Japan, the US, and France) is presented and interpreted by using bourdieusian categories. The author argues that Bourdieu's conception of reflexivity should not remain pure speculation but has to be concretely put into practice, with regard to everyday life situations
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Sawamura, Yutaka, Hiroshi Abe, Toshimitsu Aida, Masuo Hosokawa, and Hiroshi Kobayashi. "Isolation and in vitro growth of glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes, and an analysis of their surface phenotypes." Journal of Neurosurgery 69, no. 5 (November 1988): 745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.69.5.0745.
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✓ The present investigation was conducted in order to examine the feasibility of isolating and growing gliomainfiltrating lymphocytes in vitro as possible effector cells for use in new adoptive immunotherapy. Eight surgical specimens obtained from patients with malignant astrocytomas were treated by enzyme dispersion; the cells were separated on a density gradient and grown in the presence of human recombinant interleukin-2. The cultured lymphocytes were tested for cell-surface markers by using monoclonal antibodies in a flow cytometric analysis. In all cases the glioma-derived lymphocytes were grown in culture for several weeks with substantial increases in cell numbers (at least 5 × 108 cells). The mature T cell population (CD3, 89%) was found to have an increased proportion of the cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype CD8 (55%) as compared to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL's). Eighty-six percent of the cultivated lymphocytes expressed HLA-DR. The IL-2 receptor was predominantly expressed on the helper subset (CD4-positive). Otherwise, anti-CD16, which specifically reacts with natural killer (NK) cells, did not stain significantly more of the cultured glioma-derived lymphocytes compared with lymphocyte-activated PBL's. These results corroborate the observations made with conventional immunohistochemical examination. It has been demonstrated that T lymphocytes isolated from human cancers are enriched for specific reactivity to their autochthonous tumor cells. These experiments support the possible use of glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes as a new treatment for patients with malignant glioma.
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Ambituuni, Ambisisi, Farzaneh Azizsafaei, and Anne Keegan. "HRM operational models and practices to enable strategic agility in PBOs: Managing paradoxical tensions." Journal of Business Research 133 (September 2021): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.048.
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Prieur, Annick. "Lost and Gained in Translation." SOCIOLOGIA E RICERCA SOCIALE, no. 126 (March 2022): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sr2021-126006.
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This self-examination is programmatically centered on language, examined by the author at the same time as a medium of cross-cultural communication (her work as PB's translator), the traces laid down that betray one's background (the «undefinable» accent that marks her polyglotism), and a form of domination (English linguistic imperialism in contemporary academia). Almost in self-help terms, Bourdieu's sociological theory is interpreted as an antidote to alienation, crucial to reappropriate one's own voice
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Muhammad Zaki, Norizatie, Nurul Azhani Yunus, Muhamad Shakir Yusoff, Saiful Amri Mazlan, Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz, Nor Aziyatul Izni, and Irfan Bahiuddin. "Effects of Petroleum-Based Oils as Dispersing Aids on Physicochemical Characteristics of Magnetorheological Elastomers." Materials 14, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 7026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14227026.
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This paper investigated the effects of petroleum-based oils (PBOs) as a dispersing aid on the physicochemical characteristics of natural rubber (NR)-based magnetorheological elastomers (MREs). The addition of PBOs was expected to overcome the low performance of magnetorheological (MR) elastomers due to their inhomogeneous dispersion and the mobility of magnetic particles within the elastomer matrix. The NR-based MREs were firstly fabricated by mixing the NR compounds homogeneously with different ratios of naphthenic oil (NO), light mineral oil (LMO), and paraffin oil (PO) to aromatic oil (AO), with weight percentage ratios of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70, respectively. From the obtained results, the ratios of NO mixed with low amounts of AO improved the material physicochemical characteristics, such as thermal properties. Meanwhile, LMO mixed the AO led to the best results for curing characteristics, microstructure observation, and magnetic properties of the MREs. We found that the LMO mixed with a high content of AO could provide good compatibility between the rubber molecular and magnetic particles due to similar chemical structures, which apparently enhance the physicochemical characteristics of MREs. In conclusion, the 30:70 ratio of LMO:AO is considered the preferable dispersing aid for MREs due to structural compounds present in the oil that enhance the physicochemical characteristics of the NR-based MREs.
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Samaké, Abdoulaye, Aurélie Bonin, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Pierre Taberlet, Samuël Weber, Gaëlle Uzu, Véronique Jacob, Sébastien Conil, and Jean M. F. Martins. "High levels of primary biogenic organic aerosols are driven by only a few plant-associated microbial taxa." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 9 (May 13, 2020): 5609–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5609-2020.
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Abstract. Primary biogenic organic aerosols (PBOAs) represent a major fraction of coarse organic matter (OM) in air. Despite their implication in many atmospheric processes and human health problems, we surprisingly know little about PBOA characteristics (i.e., composition, dominant sources, and contribution to airborne particles). In addition, specific primary sugar compounds (SCs) are generally used as markers of PBOAs associated with bacteria and fungi, but our knowledge of microbial communities associated with atmospheric particulate matter (PM) remains incomplete. This work aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of the microbial fingerprints associated with SCs in PM10 (particles smaller than 10 µm) and their main sources in the surrounding environment (soils and vegetation). An intensive study was conducted on PM10 collected at a rural background site located in an agricultural area in France. We combined high-throughput sequencing of bacteria and fungi with detailed physicochemical characterizations of PM10, soil, and plant samples and monitored meteorological and agricultural activities throughout the sampling period. Results show that in summer SCs in PM10 are a major contributor of OM in air, representing 0.8 % to 13.5 % of OM mass. SC concentrations are clearly determined by the abundance of only a few specific airborne fungal and bacterial taxa. The temporal fluctuations in the abundance of only four predominant fungal genera, namely Cladosporium, Alternaria, Sporobolomyces, and Dioszegia, reflect the temporal dynamics in SC concentrations. Among bacterial taxa, the abundance of only Massilia, Pseudomonas, Frigoribacterium, and Sphingomonas is positively correlated with SC species. These microbes are significantly enhanced in leaf over soil samples. Interestingly, the overall community structure of bacteria and fungi are similar within PM10 and leaf samples and significantly distinct between PM10 and soil samples, indicating that surrounding vegetation is the major source of SC-associated microbial taxa in PM10 in this rural area of France.
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Gibilisco, Marina. "The Gunn–Peterson Effect: A Test for a Black-Hole-Induced Photoionization of the Intergalactic Medium." International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no. 16 (June 30, 1997): 2855–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97001584.
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There are many experimental evidences of the presence of an ionizing background radiation flux at large redshifts, whose nature is doubtful. A lot of information about the characteristics of such a background can be obtained both from the study of the Gunn–Peterson effect and from the so-called "proximity effect." In some previous works I suggested the possibility that this ionizing flux comes from the quantum evaporation of primordial black holes (PBH's); here, I discuss the constraints that the experimental measurements put upon the free parameters of this reionization model and I try to verify its reliability. In particular, the radiation intensity of the background at the hydrogen Lyman edge, as inferred from the proximity effect, enables me to determine an upper limit to the PBH's average relic mass; due to our poor knowledge of the ultimate fate of the evaporating black holes, this limit represents an important theoretical information. In the second part of this paper I study the absorption of the ionizing background due to Lyα clouds: in particular, I discuss this phenomenon in the presence of different absorption levels and I calculate the HI Gunn–Peterson optical depth τ GP (z); from a comparison with the experimental data of Giallongo et al.(τ GP, HI < 0.02 ± 0.03) I obtain a constraint on the intergalactic medium density parameter, namely Ω IGM < 0.020. A study of the characteristics of the absorbers is also performed: I determine the hydrogen gas density nH,c and the column density N HI for Lyα clouds; a satisfactory agreement with the available experimental data is obtained in the case of expanding, adiabatically cooled clouds. Finally, the same kind of analysis is performed for He II: in this case, the theoretical optical depth I obtain is smaller than the preliminary experimental lower limit of Jakobsen et al.(τ GP > 1.7).