Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'PBL programme'

Hur framgångsrikt en student utför en uppgift är starkt korrelaterat till studentens motivation inför uppgiften. I akademiska sammanhang har studenter med hög motivationsgrad visats vara mer troliga att utvecklas och vara framgångsrika än de med låg eller ingen motivationsgrad, som i sin tur uppvisat begränsad akademisk utveckling. Detta koncept om motivation används inom Problem-baserat lärande (PBL) där syftet är att öka studenternas interna motivation och därmed intressera dem för det aktuella ämnet. Syftet med denna studie var att identifiera faktorer av betydelse för motivationsförändringar hos tandläkarstudenter med ett problem-baserat curriculum. Datainsamling skedde kvalitativt genom fokusgruppdiskussioner. Fyra fokusgrupper intervjuades: tandläkarstudenter från år 1, tandläkarstudenter från år 3, och tandläkarstudenter från år 5. Den fjärde fokusgruppen bestod av fakultetsmedlemmar (lärare) för att kunna jämföra med studenternas uppfattningar. Resultaten visade att studentmotivation var ett väldigt komplext och multifaktoriellt fenomen. Återkoppling, vägledning, konstruktiv feedback samt känslomässig support visades vara faktorer av betydelse. Många av de identifierade faktorerna kunde relateras till en känsla av kompetens, säkerhet, eller det meningsfulla i att studera ett ämne, bland studenterna. För att maximera motivation bland studenter krävs adekvat kunskap om PBL av all personal. Alltså har, utöver tutorer och föreläsare, även kliniska handledare en central roll för att motivera studenter i deras lärande.
A student’s level of motivation for a task is highly related to how likely that student is to perform the task successfully. In academic contexts, students with higher levels of motivation have been found to be more likely to be successful and develop more skill and knowledge compared to students with no or limited levels of motivation who, instead, exhibit restricted growth in academic achievement. This concept of motivation is used in problem-based learning (PBL), where the aim is to increase student’s intrinsic motivation, thus making them more engaged in the subject matter. The aim of this study was to identify factors of significance for changes in student motivation among dental students within a PBL-curriculum. Data was qualitatively collected through focus group interviews. Four focus groups were interviewed: dental students from year 1, dental students from year 3, and dental students from year 5. The forth focus group consisted of faculty members (teachers) so as to compare the perceptions of the students and the faculty teachers. The results demonstrated student motivation to be a complex and multifactorial matter. Many factors were related to feelings of competence, safety, or meaningfulness of the study of a subject matter, among the students. Factors of significance included relatedness, guidance, constructive feedback, and emotional support from clinical supervisors. In conclusion, proper knowledge of PBL by all personnel is necessary in order to maximize motivation among students. Thus, besides tutors (facilitators) and lecturers, clinical supervisors also have a central role in motivating students towards learning.

Thesis (PhD (Educational Psychology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
It is evident that many students admitted to higher education in South Africa are ill-prepared for tertiary study. The predominantly behaviorist school system encourages learner dependency and superficial understanding and fails to encourage reflection and self-direction. Changing times and a more diverse student population have heightened the need for a broader range of teaching and learning approaches at tertiary level. As a result, many departments, faculties and institutes such as SciMathUS have explored the merits of problem-based learning (PBL) which supports students as self-directed, independent learners. Problem-based learning is a different philosophical approach to the whole notion of teaching and learning where problems drive the learning and is one of the best examples of a constructivist learning environment. Thus far, problem-based learning has mainly been implemented in long-term medical curricula, so research findings focus mainly on the development of PBL for longer programmes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether introducing a Hybrid PBL approach in a shorter one-year foundation programme can create conditions for learners to develop and sustain self-directed learning skills and gain more control of the learning process. This interpretive-constructivist study may be broadly termed evaluation research. A mixedmethod approach that involved collecting and analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data was chosen. Evaluation findings indicate that introducing students to a Hybrid PBL approach does promote more meaningful learning patterns, typified by processing the subject matter critically and self-regulating learning processes. However the sustainability of the meaningdirected learning activities is questionable if student beliefs do not support the activities employed. Findings also reveal that the Hybrid PBL approach contributes to overall programme improvement by promoting understanding in mathematics and science and improved staff relationships and subject knowledge. PBL helps to establish a learner-centered learning environment that emphasizes relations in mathematics and science, promotes deep approaches to learning which may lead to higher levels of achievement and success in Higher Education.

This thesis lifts the lid' on the educational practices within a medical education programme, which is based upon a Problem-Based learning (PBl) approach. It is an ethnographic case study that sets out to understand the practice and facilitation of PBl situated within a hybrid curriculum at a graduate-entry medical programme in England. Data was collected by audio-visual recording of PBl sessions, audio recording and observing facilitator meetings and through the author's experiences as a participant observer working as a facilitator within the research setting. The study exposes a variety of PBl practices within a single curriculum setting that have not previously been examined in detail within medical education, in particular through use of direct observational methods. The findings pose a challenge to a core educational objective, upon which the 'PBl' programme was founded, that being to develop students' skills as self-directed learners. While this is highlighted within the literature as a central component to the PBl process, the findings raise questions about how these assumptions are reflected in the practice of PBL.

This thesis covers two projects that connect the engineering field of robotics with the additive manufacturing of microfibre structures by melt electrowriting (MEW). One project utilizes MEW to manufacture soft robots and investigates their function, the second project uses a robotic arm to expand the capabilities of MEW for the creation of better implants in tissue engineering. Both projects result in novel applications and design space for MEW by allowing more complex geometries to be produced and enabling the processing or integration of otherwise inaccessible materials as well as expanding the use cases of the produced constructs beyond static scaffolds.

The growing tendency towards student-centred communicative approach to language pedagogy has given rise to alternative modes of assessment such as Portfolio-Based Language Assessment (PBLA), which is compatible with student-centred SLA theories and pedagogical practices in ESL classrooms (e.g., Fox, 2014; Ripley, 2012). In Canada, since 2013, Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) has allocated funding to different projects across the country to implement PBLA as an assessment tool in the Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) programme. Since language assessment tools have a remarkable role in determining learners’ progress through the LINC programme, and due to the significant impact of assessment tools on newcomers’ professional and educational possibilities in Canada, this study investigated instructors’ perceptions of the usefulness, challenges and benefits of PBLA in the LINC programme. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten LINC instructors who have been using PBLA for at least three months. Data were analyzed drawing on Bachman and Palmer’s (1996) concept of test usefulness (validity, reliability, authenticity, interactiveness, impact and practicality) as a theoretical framework for the study. The findings showed that although PBLA has numerous benefits for language learners, when it comes to its implementation, it presents many challenges for LINC teachers. Some of these challenges include: Challenges in developing real-life, CLB-aligned instructional and assessment tasks, difficulties in assessing portfolios and providing feedback, etc. According to the participants, PBLA is better to be used for formative assessment rather than summative assessment. In terms of test usefulness framework, according to the findings, validity and reliability of PBLA as a summative assessment tool is questionable. Regarding authenticity and interactiveness, except for teachers who were teaching lower CLB levels other teachers found PBLA an authentic and interactive method of assessment. As for the students, based on the findings, positive impacts of PBLA on learners’ lives outweigh potential negative impacts. Finally, concerning the practicality of PBLA, a number of issues regarding PBLA implementation were raised. It should be noted that since I had a small number of research participants, the findings of this study may not be generalized to other LINC instructors and LINC programmes across Canada.
Education, Faculty of
Graduate

Se entiende como domótica o inmótica a sistemas cuyos elementos nos permiten automatizar una vivienda o edificio, considerando sus cuatro pilares: comodidad, seguridad, comunicaciones y un eficiente consumo energético. Actualmente la domótica no sólo está enfocada a la gestión de estos elementos, sino también en darle al usuario una visión única y sencilla frente a los diferentes elementos que existen en el sistema, dándole un control al usuario de su sistema tanto de la misma área como desde otra ubicación, es decir brindarle una total interoperabilidad al usuario. Sin embargo, la incompatibilidad que es generada debido a los diferentes estándares y protocolos que existen en la actualidad, la falta de cultura domótica en el Perú, y los costos muy elevados de controladores que permiten el acceso remoto al sistema, hacen que esta tecnología sea inaccesible al público en general. El presente trabajo de tesis titulado “Sistema de Control domótico utilizando una central IP PBX basado en software libre” plantea una solución enfocada a brindarle una interoperabilidad al usuario considerando resolver los problemas arriba mencionados. Se plantea una arquitectura que permite el sistema sea escalable y heterogéneo. Se utilizan protocolos de Internet que integran al sistema domótico a una actual convergencia de comunicaciones, y la implementación del servidor IP PBX en Asterisk permiten que el usuario tenga un control del sistema de una forma sencilla, confiable y accesible para el público en general. Demostrando que la plataforma implementada puede incorporar al sistema domótico no sólo a las redes de telefonía, sino también, puede brindar una flexibilidad para desarrollar otras plataformas como servidores web en el mismo sistema. Todo considerando un presupuesto bajo comparado con otros productos en el mercado.
Tesis

La Violència Contra la Parella (VCP) és un problema social que afecta milions de dones arreu del món. Succeeix en tots els països, en totes les cultures, en tots els nivells i classes socials i, donada la seva prevalença i les seves conseqüències, s’ha de tractar com a un problema de salut pública (Caetano, Vaeth i Ramisetty-Milker, 2008). Les recents modificacions legislatives arreu del món posen de manifest la voluntat dels Països, els Governs i els Organismes o les Institucions d’eradicar aquest tipus de violència i una de les accions socials i mesura clau d’intervenció a favor de les víctimes que té un rol determinant en el tractament de la VCP és la intervenció amb els homes que maltracten. Els programes de tractament per a homes maltractadors van sorgir a finals del 1970 als Estats Units i ràpidament s’escamparen a Canadà, Regne Unit i altres països de parla anglosaxona. Des d’aleshores centenars d’iniciatives s’han proposat en diferents països amb més o menys incidència en funció del context social, cultural, polític i legal de cada país. Parale•lament, una àmplia varietat d’estudis amb diferents aproximacions metodològiques o anàlisis estadísiques han forjat un important corpus de coneixement posant de manifest que un dels principals problemes que han d’afrontar els programes, a banda del seu contingut i efectivitat, és l’elevada taxa d’abandonaments prematurs. Al costat oposat dels abandonaments prematurs hi ha la finalització del programa, que està relacionat amb l’adherència terapèutica. Alguns estudis (Gondolf, 2002; Hamberger and Hastings, 1989) indiquen que el sol fet d’atendre el programa formatiu pot reduir les recaigudes així com les taxes de reincidència. La literatura científica posa de manifest que els programes de tractament poden ser d’utilitat en els casos que el maltractador és conscient del seu problema, assumeix la seva responsabilitat, està motivat per canviar i completa el programa de tractament (Echeburúa i Amor, 2010; Helton, 2011; Jewel i Worthmith, 2010). I encara més, és crucial per a l’èxit del programa que els homes tinguin un alt nivell de motivació per a canviar el seu comportament abusiu (Miller i Rollnick, 2002). La motivació està també realacionada amb l’adherència terapèutica (Arce, Fariña i Suárez, 2005; Chang i Saunders, 2002; Daly, Power i Gondolf, 2001; Miller i Rollnick, 2002; Scott, 2004; Stuart, 2005). D’altra banda, tot i que s’ha apuntat a la motivació interna com al factor més important en l’adherència terapèutica, la majoria dels maltractadors poden necessitat ajut de l’exterior si ells no tenen la motivació intrínseca per a canviar el seu comportament. De manera que la motivació externa és un recurs que pot ser d’utilitat (Lemire et al. 1996). El Servei d’Atenció als Homes que Maltracten (SAHM) de la Fundació IreS de Girona és un programa formatiu per a homes maltractadors que, entre el 2001 i el 2008, va arribar a un acord de col•laboració consistent en l’aplicació de tècniques motivacionals (retenció proactiva i recolzament) per part Grup Regional d’Atenció a la Víctima (GRAV) dels Mossos d’Esquadra de la Regió Policial de Girona. Els objectius de la investigació són analitzar els factors relacionats amb l’adherència terapèutica en els programes per a homes maltractadors. S’estudien els factors actitudinals i motivacionals previs al tractament així com les tècniques de retenció proactiva i recolzament com a factors determinants en l’adherència terapèutica. S’estudien també les variables sociodemogràfiques i les variables relacionades amb el tractament com la seva durada, nombre de sessions i motiu de finalització. Les hipòtesis principals són que l’ús de tècniques motivacionals (retenció proactiva i recolzament) aplicades pels Mossos d’Esquadra prèviament al programa de tractament serà una variable predictora de l’adherència als programes formatius per a homes maltractadors contra la parella tractats psicològicament en un programa voluntari, i que les variables actitudinals i motivacionals prèvies al tractament (demanda inicial, atribució del problema i motivació interna pel canvi) es comportaran com a bons predictors de l’adherència terapèutica. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen que l’aplicació d’aquestes tècniques té una incidència en l’adherència terapèutica, que els factors actitudinals i motivacionals prediuen l’adherència terapèutica i que la variable que millor explica l’adherència al tractament és la motivació interna dels participants pel canvi.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a social problem which affects millions of women around the world and the growing social awareness concerning gender violence has triggered an urgent demand for professionals from different disciplines to challenge this kind of violence. Among this group of professionals there is a consensus that the best strategy to combat violence against women is prevention and the World Health Organization has focused significant resources during the last few years in relation to this. One of the key preventive measures and social actions in favour of victims which has a core role in the treatment of IPV is the intervention with men who batter. Batterer intervention programmes (BIP) emerged in the late 1970’s in the USA and quickly spread to Canada, the UK and anglosaxon countries. A wide range of studies with different methodological approaches and statistical analyses have forged an important background and continually enlarge literature base related to BIP. Eventhough, one of the biggest problems facing treatment programmes, regardless of their content, is the high dropout rate (Chang & Saunders, 2002; Daly, Power & Gondolf, 2001; Hamberger & Hastings, 1988). The literature review shows that treatment programmes are useful in cases where the perpetrator is aware of his problem, acknowledges his responsibility, is motivated to change and completes the treatment programme (Echeburúa & Amor, 2010; Helton, 2011; Jewell & Wormith, 2010). Furthermore, it is crucial to the success of the programme that the men have a high level of motivation to change their abusive behaviour (Miller & Rollnick, 2002). In our research we sep to analyse the factors related to the therapeutic compliance in BIPs. We study attitudinal and motivational factors previous to the treatment as well as the proactive retention and support techniques as determining factors regarding therapeutic compliance. The results obtained after analysis of the predictor variables highlights internal motivation as a key factor to the treatment programmes’ adherence and on the other hand point that proactive retention and support techniques can be useful to increase therapeutic compliance.

El presente trabajo consiste en el diseño una IP-PBX inalámbrica para una empresa, con lo cual se pretende brindar servicios de transmisión de voz y datos a sus usuarios, empleando un sistema inalámbrico multicelular como principal medio de acceso. La central de conmutación PBX será una solución en software utilizando Asterisk/GNU Linux, con lo cual se implementará un sistema de Telefonía sobre IP (ToIP). Para la atención de la demanda móvil de los usuarios se hará uso de la tecnología Wi-Fi. Se detallan aspectos teóricos sobre centrales PBX, VoIP, Asterisk, Wi-Fi y propagación en áreas cercanas sin línea de vista NLOS, así como las consideraciones necesarias para el planeamiento e implementación de redes inalámbricas multicelulares de este tipo. Se plantea una empresa ficticia donde se define la ubicación de los equipos terminales, luego se aplican los conceptos revisados y se procede a realizar el diseño final de la red. También se estiman los costos de inversión y operación que involucra la propuesta y se dan las recomendaciones del caso.
Tesis

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This paper proposes an welfare’s evaluation of the working age beneficiaries in Bolsa Família Program (BFP BWAs) at the city of Porto Alegre. Such an assessment is guided by identifying situations restrictions or traps (SACHS, 2005) the ability of individuals to choose different lifestyles, through the instrumental roles of freedom (SEN, 2010). Thus, hypotheses are tested involving the relationship of individuals with the education, the labor market and income. The evaluation results suggest the existence of a level of income with restrictions; incentives to interrupt the enrollment process before a desirable level; a slightly convergent relationship between schooling and income; and low access to the formal labor market, prevailing precarious labor relations. Finally, this thesis proposes the placement of relevant issues related to BFP BWAs in a broader human development perspective.
O presente trabalho propõe uma avaliação do bem-estar social dos beneficiários em idade economicamente ativa do Programa Bolsa Família (BIEAs PBF) no município de Porto Alegre. Tal avaliação é norteada pela identificação de situações de restrições ou armadilhas (SACHS, 2005) da capacidade dos indivíduos escolherem diferentes estilos de vida, através dos papéis instrumentais da liberdade (SEN, 2010). Assim, são testadas hipóteses que envolvem as relações dos indivíduos com a escolarização, o mercado de trabalho e a renda. Os resultados da avaliação sugerem a existência de um nível de renda com restrições; incentivos para a interrupção do processo de escolarização, antes de um nível desejável; uma relação entre escolaridade e renda, pouco convergente; e um baixo acesso ao mercado de trabalho formal, prevalecendo relações de trabalho mais precárias. Finalmente, o presente trabalho propõe o posicionamento das questões relevantes atinentes aos BIEAs PBF em uma perspectiva mais ampla do desenvolvimento humano.

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CNPq
Com o objetivo de reduzir a pobreza, o governo brasileiro tem usado como artifícios tanto a desoneração fiscal de produtos de necessidade básica quanto a elevação do montante destinado às transferências de renda. A eficácia desta última depende muito da focalização do programa, de forma que o montante destinado a ela não se desvie para fora do público alvo. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar o quão eficiente são essas políticas quando comparadas uma com a outra dado o nível de focalização do Bolsa Família. Seus resultados mostram que na configuração atual a elevação das transferências gera maior benefício sobre o bem estar da classe mais pobre, além de resultar em melhores efeitos sobre as variáveis macroeconômicas. Finaliza-se mostrando o nível mínimo de focalização necessária para que esse resultado se mantenha e comparando-o com a situação do Brasil.
In order to reduce poverty, the Brazilian government has used as devices both tax relief of basic need products as raising the amount for cash transfers. The effectiveness of the latter depends largely on the program focus, so that the amount allocated to it does not deviate from the target audience. The objective of this study is to verify how effective these policies are compared with each other given the level of focus of the Bolsa Família. Their results show that in the current configuration the increase in transfers generates greater benefit on the welfare of the poorer class. Concludes showing the minimum level of focus required for this result remains and comparing it with the situation in Brazil.

Los tanques agitadores son ampliamente utilizados en diferentes industrias, en donde la eficiencia de las operaciones de mezclado tiene un impacto tanto en los costos como en la calidad del proceso, si a esto se le añade que para poder mantener la competitividad en el mercado, el tiempo de desarrollo del producto debe ser el menor posible y a un bajo costo, por ese motivo es necesario optar por nuevas formas para realizar nuevos diseños. En muchas empresas fabricantes de gran envergadura, el uso software de optimización se está convirtiendo en una herramienta ideal para conseguir estos objetivos. En este trabajo se utilizó las herramientas computacionales ANSYS CFX, MECHANICAL y DESIGN EXPLORATION para realizar una metodología que permita realizar la simulación numérica tanto a nivel de fluidos y estructural como para realizar la optimización de un modelo de tanque agitador. Para la elaboración de este procedimiento se optó por variar en un rango determinado ciertos parámetros geométricos y de funcionamiento. En el estudio fluido dinámico se trabajó tres fluidos: agua, metanol y aire, en donde los dos primeros se modelaron como “multicomponentes” es decir como fluidos miscibles, mientras que la interacción con el aire se modelo como “superficie libre”. Para esto, se utilizó el modelo de turbulencia SST (Shear Stress Transport), el cual demostró en un estudio anterior ser el que más se ajusta al ser contrastado con resultados experimentales, además se empleó los modelos de “marco de referencia móvil (MRF)” y de “Frozen Rotor” para tratar la interacción entre las partes móviles (rotor) y partes estáticas (tanque y deflectores). Para el análisis estructural se utilizó la metodología de interacción fluido-estructura (FSI) del tipo “unidireccional (one-way)” para determinar los esfuerzos y deformaciones en cada diseño. Finalmente, se utilizó el método de la superficie de respuesta (RSM) como base para la optimización, donde se utilizó un algoritmo estocástico (MOGA) como buscador de soluciones óptimas en el modelo del tanque agitador parametrizado, el cual consta de tres variables de entrada (ángulo de alabe, altura de impulsor y velocidad de rotación) y dos funciones objetivos: maximizar grado de mezcla y minimizar la potencia consumida. El presente estudio demuestra que la velocidad y el ángulo son los parámetros más incidentes en las funciones objetivas mencionadas anteriormente y que al variar estos parámetros se pueden obtener mejoras significativas en los resultados. En este estudio en particular se encontró que el ángulo de 60 grados y una altura de 300mm con respecto al tanque, mejora en un 8% y 36% el consumo de potencia y grado de mezcla respectivamente, para las configuraciones del tanque dadas.
Tesis

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This report is based on both qualitative and quantitative data resulting from bibliographical, documental and fieldwork research carried out in fifteen municipalities in the 9th Microregion of the backlands (sertão) of the State of Paraiba. The research analyses the impact of the Literate Brazil Programme (PBA) on public policy for youth and adult education (YAE) in these municipalities. It seeks to understand what perspectives guide public policy of Youth and Adult education, characterizing its provision and linkages with the Literacy Programme with a view to guarantee continuity of studies for those concluding PBA. To that end, studies on PBA, documents which regulate literacy activities and the provision of YAE by the state and municipal systems, statistical data from the School Census (Censo Escolar) (the historical series 2003-2010) which register enrolments in this modality in the 15 municipalities, were consulted. Fieldwork was undertaken to collect information from local managers (municipal secretaries and coordinators of AYE) using semi-structured interviews. On the basis of our analysis, we conclude that the Literate Brazil Programme introduces possibilities for the planning, systematization and instrumentalization of municipal public policy. On the negative side, we point to the fact that the provision of literacy classes by PBA has inhibited the provision of adult literacy classes by the school networks (state and municipal) in the municipalities under study. With regard to the linkage between the demand produced by PBA and the provision of schooling by the state and municipal systems of education, we point to the absence of an effective educational policy formulated on the basis of the specificities of YAE as a modality of primary education. Our analysis is based on the following authors, amongst others: Arretche (2000), Arroyo (2005, 2007) Azevedo (2004), Carnoy (1994), Ireland (2009, 2012), Fávero (2011), Freire (1996, 2011), Machado (2009, 2011), Minayo (2005, 2009).
O presente trabalho compreende um estudo de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, realizada em quinze municípios da 9ª microrregião do sertão paraibano. O objeto da investigação é analisar o impacto do Programa Brasil Alfabetizado (PBA) para as políticas públicas da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) nesses municípios. A pesquisa busca compreender quais as perspectivas que norteiam as políticas públicas para EJA caracterizando sua oferta e articulação com o PBA na perspectiva de garantir a continuidade para os egressos do referido Programa. Para tanto, buscaram-se estudos já empreendidos sobre o PBA, documentos que normatizam as ações de alfabetização e oferta da EJA pelas redes estadual e municipal, dados estatísticos tendo por base o Censo Escolar (série histórica de 2003 a 2010), evidenciando as matrículas desta modalidade nos quinze municípios. A pesquisa de campo objetivou coletar informações através de gestores locais (secretários e coordenadores municipais da EJA) por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A partir da análise constatou-se que o PBA vem apresentando possibilidades de planejamento, sistematização e instrumentalização para as políticas públicas municipais. Como aspecto negativo destacamos que a oferta das turmas de alfabetização pelo PBA vem inibindo a oferta da alfabetização na modalidade EJA pelas redes de ensino (municipal e estadual) dos municípios pesquisados. No tocante à articulação entre a demanda oriunda do PBA e a oferta de escolarização nas redes estadual e municipal de ensino, apontase a ausência de uma política educacional efetiva, formulada com base nas especificidades da EJA, enquanto modalidade do ensino fundamental. As análises estão fundamentadas, dentre outros, em autores como Arretche (2000), Arroyo (2005, 2007), Azevedo (2004), Carnoy (1994), Ireland (2009, 2012), Fávero (2011), Freire (1996, 2011), Machado (2009, 2011), Minayo (2005, 2009).

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The question of evaluating the fight against poverty in a given society is very complex task, considering the range of factors that permeate, such as education, culture and economy itself. Come hence the relevance of the theme and its constant presence in discussions on the fruits of public policies, institutional structure and economic development which are the guiding elements of this work, and noted that seeks to highlight the social demographics and most important, the most significant trends and issues pertaining to her. The assessment was initially made in all the municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte doing a verticalilza??o to the municipalities Caic?, Pau dos Ferros, Ipueira and Taboleiro Grande. Highlighting the role of a social policy through government programs, such as the Bolsa Familia Program (PBF), which creates the possibility of changes in the socio demographic profile given the importance that the action of this public policy has in shaping the regional economic reality As well as social programs and actions of the government here reported that generate mobility of people and new social demands, such as rural retirements, the benefit of continuing provision (BPC), the Program for the Eradication of Child Labor (PETI) that put on the market of population living on the margins of various forms of consumption. Accordingly, the socio economic profile of the state shows a significant improvement in their social indicators, vital education and redistribution of income, due to the significant improvement in life expectancy in the fall of school drop-out rate and the drop in indicators of Proportion Poor and destitute of the state. Where the fall in the proportion of poor and indigent is strongly associated with an increase in income, from social programs. With this transfer and redistribution of income can be gauged that occurs a strengthening of local economies and an engagement of families with the conditionalities of social programs and PETI Bolsa Familia. Our research concludes that simply raising the rents caused by transfers, presents relevant impacts on the education of young people in beneficiary families. There is no doubt that the programs of transfer income, no facing the social field, representing a mechanism to decrease the most perverse ills of poverty, social and economic inequality that is hungry. For a significant portion of the Brazilian population living below the poverty line, programs for the transfer of income are expressed directly in improving the material conditions of life and indirectly in improving self-esteem of women and all family members receiving encouraging yet the integration family. Experiments have shown that improvements in health and nutrition can be obtained through the implementation of adequate social policies like the programs of transfer income, while social inclusion and economic does not become full
A quest?o da avalia??o do combate ? pobreza de uma determinada sociedade ? tarefa bastante complexa, considerando-se a gama de fatores que a permeiam, tais como a educa??o, a cultura e a economia, propriamente dita. Vem da? a relev?ncia do tema, bem como sua constante presen?a nos debates sobre os frutos das pol?ticas p?blicas, da estrutura institucional e do desenvolvimento econ?mico que s?o os elementos norteadores deste trabalho, que busca constatar e destacar os dados demogr?ficos e sociais mais importantes, as tend?ncias mais marcantes e as quest?es inerentes a ela. A avalia??o inicialmente foi feita em todos os munic?pios do Rio Grande do Norte fazendo uma verticalilza??o para os munic?pios de Caic?, Pau dos Ferros, Ipueira e Taboleiro Grande. Destacando o papel de uma pol?tica social atrav?s de programas governamentais, como ? o caso do Programa Bolsa Fam?lia (PBF), que cria a possibilidade de mudan?as no perfil s?cio demogr?fico dado a import?ncia que a a??o desta pol?tica p?blica tem na conforma??o da realidade econ?mica regional, bem como os programas e a??es sociais do governo aqui relatados que geram mobilidades de pessoas e novas demandas sociais, como ? o caso das Aposentadorias Rurais, do Benef?cio de Presta??o Continuada (BPC), do Programa de Erradica??o do Trabalho Infantil (PETI) que colocam no mercado contingentes populacionais que vivem ? margem de diversas formas de consumo. Nestes termos, o perfil s?cio econ?mico do estado mostra uma significativa melhoria em seus indicadores sociais, vitais de educa??o e redistribui??o de renda, haja vista a significativa melhora na Esperan?a de Vida, na queda da Taxa de Abandono Escolar e na queda dos indicadores de Propor??o de Pobres e Indigentes no Estado. Onde a queda na propor??o de pobres e indigentes est? fortemente associada ao aumento de renda, proveniente de programas sociais. Com esta transfer?ncia e redistribui??o de renda pode se aferir que ocorre um fortalecimento das economias locais e um engajamento das fam?lias com as condicionalidades dos programas sociais PETI e Bolsa Fam?lia. A nossa pesquisa conclui que a simples eleva??o das rendas causadas pelas transfer?ncias, apresenta impactos relevantes sobre a escolariza??o dos jovens nas fam?lias benefici?rias. N?o h? d?vida de que os programas de transfer?ncia de renda, voltados para qualquer campo social, representam um mecanismo de diminui??o das mazelas mais perversas da pobreza, da iniq?idade social e econ?mica que ? a fome. Para uma expressiva parcela da popula??o brasileira que vive abaixo da linha da pobreza, os programas de transfer?ncia de renda se expressam diretamente na melhoria das condi??es materiais de vida e indiretamente na melhoria da auto-estima da mulher e de todos os membros da fam?lia benefici?ria promovendo ainda a integra??o familiar. As experi?ncias t?m mostrado que as melhorias nas condi??es de sa?de e nutri??o podem ser obtidas por meio da implementa??o de pol?ticas sociais adequadas a exemplo dos programas de transfer?ncia de renda, enquanto a inclus?o social e econ?mica n?o se torna plena
2020-01-01

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Conditional Income Transfer Programs, Bolsa Fam?lia Program in Brazil, became an innovative instrument for reducing social inequality in many countries, specifically, in Latin America, where they were widely adopted. These programs have proven effective in several aspects such as reducing poverty and inequality, improving schooling rates, etc. An aspect that has remained unmentioned of these programs was their potential to encourage targeted workers of the program to migrate to the informal labour market in order to remain "invisible" to program managers and, thus, receive the benefits even when they do not qualify according to program standards. This study applies VECM (Vector Error Corrector Model) to show this issue may be occurring in the six Brazilian state capitals, included in the IBGE Monthly Employment Survey, from the creation of the program, in 2004, until March 2016.
Os Programas de Transfer?ncia de Renda Condicionada, Programa Bolsa Fam?lia no Brasil, foram uma forma inovadora de reduzir a desigualdade social em muitos pa?ses, principalmente da Am?rica Latina. Estes programas se mostraram eficientes em v?rios aspectos, como reduzir a pobreza, a desigualdade, melhorar ?ndices de escolaridade, etc. Mas, um aspecto pouco mencionado destes programas, ? o potencial de incentivar os trabalhadores - alvo do programa - a migrar para o mercado laboral informal, com o objetivo de ficarem ?invis?veis? aos gestores do programa e, assim, receberem os benef?cios, ainda que n?o se qualifiquem a eles, pelos n?veis de renda definidos pelo programa. Este trabalho utiliza o VECM (modelo Vector Corretor de Erros) para mostrar que este fato pode estar ocorrendo nas seis capitais do Brasil, que conformaram a Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego do IBGE, desde a cria??o do programa at? mar?o de 2016.

While much has been written on the Australian film and television industry, little has been presented by actual producers, filmmakers and technicians of their time and experiences within that same industry. Similarly, with historical documentaries, it has been academics rather than filmmakers who have led the debate. This thesis addresses this shortcoming and bridges the gap between practitioner experience and intellectual discussion, synthesising the debate and providing an important contribution from a filmmaker-academic, in its own way unique and insightful. The thesis is presented in two voices. First, my voice, the voice of memoir and recollected experience of my screen adventures over 38 years within the Australian industry, mainly producing historical documentaries for the ABC and the SBS. This is represented in italics. The second half and the alternate chapters provide the industry framework in which I worked with particular emphasis on documentaries and how this evolved and developed over a 40-year period, from 1970 to 2010. Within these two voices are three layers against which this history is reviewed and presented. Forming the base of the pyramid is the broad Australian film industry made up of feature films, documentary, television drama, animation and other types and styles of production. Above this is the genre documentary within this broad industry, and making up the small top tip of the pyramid, the sub-genre of historical documentary. These form the vertical structure within which industry issues are discussed. Threading through it are the duel determinants of production: ‘the market’ and ‘funding’. Underpinning the industry is the involvement of government, both state and federal, forming the three dimensional matrix for the thesis. For over 100 years the Australian film industry has depended on government support through subsidy, funding mechanisms, development assistance, broadcast policy and legislative provisions. This thesis aims to weave together these industry layers, binding them with the determinants of the market and funding, and immersing them beneath layers of government legislation and policy to present a new view of the Australian film industry.

Yes
An innovative new midwifery programme leading to midwifery registration with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) developing potential registrants at both BSc and MSc levels commenced in September 2016. The programme is delivered utilising problem-based learning (PBL) as both a content delivery method and a philosophical approach, underpinning student learning at the UK's University of Bradford, School of Midwifery. A requirement for NMC revalidation at a five-year juncture and institutional programme reapproval acted as a catalyst for change. The programme team embraced a new curriculum framework which emphasised a move to reviewing stage and programme outcomes rather than concentrating on the minutiae of module outcomes. This new approach suited the holistic nature of PBL ensuring an intellectually challenging and inclusive method of teaching and learning for midwifery practice. A further progression for the programme team was to develop an understanding of, and to integrate, ‘threshold concepts’ or ‘troublesome knowledge’. These are defined as knowledge, principles or components which students find difficult to understand and therefore to utilise to improve practice and deliver high-quality care. This article explores the integration of threshold concepts into a problem-based midwifery curriculum.

Yes
Assess feasibility, acceptability and costs of delivering a physically active lessons (PAL) training programme to secondary school teachers and explore preliminary effectiveness for reducing pupils' sedentary time. Secondary schools in East England; one school participated in a pre-post feasibility study, two in a pilot cluster-randomised controlled trial. In the pilot trial, blinding to group assignment was not possible. Across studies, 321 randomly selected students (51% male; mean age: 12.9 years), 78 teachers (35% male) and 2 assistant head teachers enrolled; 296 (92%) students, 69 (88%) teachers and 2 assistant head teachers completed the studies. PAL training was delivered to teachers over two after-school sessions. Teachers were made aware of how to integrate movement into lessons; strategies included students collecting data from the environment for class activities and completing activities posted on classroom walls, instead of sitting at desks. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to assess feasibility and acceptability of PAL training and delivery. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and ~8 weeks post-training; measures included accelerometer-assessed activity, self-reported well-being and observations of time-on-task. Process evaluation was conducted at follow-up. In the feasibility study, teachers reported good acceptability of PAL training and mixed experiences of delivering PAL. In the pilot study, teachers' acceptability of training was lower and teachers identified aspects of the training in need of review, including the outdoor PAL training and learning challenge of PAL strategies. In both studies, students and assistant head teachers reported good acceptability of the intervention. Preliminary effectiveness for reducing students' sedentary time was not demonstrated in either study. No evidence of preliminary effectiveness on the primary outcome and mixed reports of teachers' acceptability of PAL training suggest the need to review the training. The results do not support continuation of research with the current intervention. ISRCTN38409550.